CN102921971A - High-speed magnetic suspension electric main shaft for five-freedom numerically-controlled machine tool - Google Patents
High-speed magnetic suspension electric main shaft for five-freedom numerically-controlled machine tool Download PDFInfo
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- CN102921971A CN102921971A CN2012104723481A CN201210472348A CN102921971A CN 102921971 A CN102921971 A CN 102921971A CN 2012104723481 A CN2012104723481 A CN 2012104723481A CN 201210472348 A CN201210472348 A CN 201210472348A CN 102921971 A CN102921971 A CN 102921971A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-speed magnetic suspension electric main shaft for a five-freedom numerically-controlled machine tool. The electric main shaft comprises a rotating shaft (1) installed on a steel cylinder, a two-freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor and two three-freedom alternating and direct current hybrid magnetic bearings, wherein the two-freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor is installed on the rotating shaft (1) through a two-freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor rotor (18); the two three-freedom alternating and direct current hybrid magnetic bearings are symmetrically installed on the rotating shaft (1) on the two sides of the two-freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor through three-freedom alternating and direct current hybrid magnetic bearing rotors (12); and any one of the three-freedom alternating and direct current hybrid magnetic bearings is combined with the two-freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor to form a five-freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor. The high-speed magnetic suspension electric main shaft has the beneficial effects that no lubrication is required, the axial space is reduced, the structure is symmetrical, the five-freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor can be flexibly formed, the non-failure operation time can be greatly improved on the premise of high-speed operation, and the energy loss is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention combines magnetic suspension asynchronous machine, magnetic bearing with electric main shaft of digital control machine tool, made up a kind of novel five degree of freedom Digit Control Machine Tool high-speed magnetic levitation electricity main shaft, it is the new product that integrates magnetic levitation technology, electric drive technology, automatic control technology, high speed machining, digital control technology, relate to the scientific domains such as electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, Control Engineering, can be widely used in numerically controlled lathe, CNC milling machine, numerically control grinder, various supercentrifuge, high-speed rotary mill, high-speed tester (HST) etc.
Technical background
At present, the electric main shaft of digital control machine tool block bearing mainly contains dynamic and hydrostatic bearing, ceramic bearing and magnetic bearing magnetic suspension bearing etc. both at home and abroad.Dynamic and hydrostatic bearing does not reach desired high speed, ultrahigh speed owing to being subject to the restriction of rolling element superficial velocity in the bearing; Ceramic bearing can improve 20% ~ 30% with maximum speed, but the life-span of bearing is shorter, at most also only has thousands of hours; High 5 000 ~ 80 000r/min of magnetic bearing rotating speed, life-span is long, can move up to ten thousand hours, still there are the following problems but in different applications: the motor of magnetic bearing supporting occupies certain-length owing to being installed in the magnetic bearing at motor two ends on the one hand, cause the motor axial length to lengthen, increase high accuracy control difficulty, limited critical speed and the power output of motor; On the other hand, magnetic bearing needs iron core and magnet exciting coil, high-performance power amplified drive circuit, expensive displacement transducer and the high-quality digitial controller of some, volume is large, cost is high, has greatly affected the scope of application and the extensive use of the high-speed electric expreess locomotive of magnetic bearing supporting.Therefore, in the urgent need to developing the magnetic-suspension high-speed electric chief axis system that integrates high-speed electric expreess locomotive and magnetic bearing function that a kind of volume is little, lightweight, efficient is high, power factor is high, simple in structure.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of will the rotation and Novel numerical control machine high-speed magnetic levitation electricity main shaft that the suspension magnetic circuit organically combines.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of five degree of freedom Digit Control Machine Tool high-speed magnetic levitation electricity main shaft, comprise rotating shaft, 1 two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor and 2 Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearings of being installed in the cylinder barrel, institute's two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor is installed in the rotating shaft by two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous machine rotor, and described 2 Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearings are installed in the rotating shaft of rotating shaft two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor both sides through Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing rotor symmetry; Described arbitrary Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing and two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous machine are combined to form the suspension of five-freedom degree magnetic asynchronous machine.Described cylinder barrel comprises cylinder barrel overcoat, cylinder barrel inner sleeve and cylinder barrel helix tube, and rear end cap is cylinder barrel sealing and fixation.Described two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor also comprises two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor torque control winding and two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous machine suspension control winding, and two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor torque control winding and two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous machine suspension control winding are embedded in the stator slot of cylinder barrel inner sleeve.
Described 2 Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearings are embedded in the cylinder barrel and put, be fixed wtih axial stator and radial stator on the described Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing, fixed permanent magnet on described axial stator and the radial stator is twining the Three Degree Of Freedom magnetic bearing and is radially controlling winding and Three Degree Of Freedom magnetic bearing axial control winding on the described permanent magnet.
Put in the described cylinder barrel and be equipped with for detection of shaft position sensor, radial displacement transducer and the displacement transducer reference rings of electric main shaft in radial and axial displacement, the displacement transducer reference rings provides the radial displacement measuring basis for radial displacement transducer.
Described self-aligning bearing is the auxiliary bearing that shields, and when preventing that suddenly outage or magnetic bearing system are out of control, Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing rotor and axial stator are collided, and damage rotor.
Described two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor rotor adopts cage rotor, and described two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor torque control winding 7 is three phase windings near inner circle
Z A ,
Z B ,
Z C , described two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous machine suspends and controls winding 8 is three phase windings of cylindrical
X A ,
X B ,
X C , described two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor torque control winding and the two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous machine control winding that suspends all adopts individual layer staggered form winding method, and star-like (Y) connects, and is 1 around radical, and the parallel branch number is 1.
Described two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor torque control winding and the every groove conductor of the two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous machine suspension control winding number of turn are respectively 41 circles, the wire diameter of series conductor is 0.71mm, the stator parameter of two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous machine is: internal diameter 98mm, external diameter 155mm, groove is several 36, and core length is 105mm; The parameter of two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor rotor 18 is: internal diameter 38mm, and external diameter 97.4mm,, the groove number, 32,, core length is 105mm; The air gap of the stator of two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous machine and two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor rotor is 0.3mm.
Described Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing rotor is radial-axial Three Degree Of Freedom location rotor.Described Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing rotor, axial stator and radial stator all adopt the thick silicon steel plate stacking of 0.5mm to form, and described permanent magnet 6 adopts NdFeB; Described Three Degree Of Freedom magnetic bearing is radially controlled the enamel covered wire of the coil employing 0.8mm diameter of winding and Three Degree Of Freedom magnetic bearing axial control winding, and the axial-radial air gap is 0.3mm.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: this electricity main shaft does not need to lubricate, not only shortened axial space, symmetrical configuration, can form flexibly the suspension of five-freedom degree magnetic asynchronous machine according to load properties, can significantly improve non-failure operation time satisfying under the prerequisite of high-speed cruising, reduce energy loss, broken through high-power and superfast restriction, be conducive to industrialization and realize.
Description of drawings
The basic structure of Fig. 1 five degree of freedom Digit Control Machine Tool high-speed magnetic levitation electricity main shaft;
Fig. 2 two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous machine winding construction;
The winding technique mode of Fig. 3 two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous machine, (a) torque control winding technique mode; (b) suspension control winding technique mode;
Fig. 4 Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing basic structure;
Wherein: 1. rotating shaft, 2. self-aligning bearing, 3. radial displacement transducer, 4. the Three Degree Of Freedom magnetic bearing is radially controlled winding, 5. Three Degree Of Freedom magnetic bearing axial control winding, 6. permanent magnet, 7. two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor torque is controlled winding, 8. the two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous machine control winding that suspends, 9. rear end cap 10. shaft position sensors, 11. displacement transducer reference rings, 12. Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing rotor, 13. axial stator, 14. radial stators, 15. cylinder barrel helix tubes, 16. cylinder barrel overcoat, 17. the cylinder barrel inner sleeve, 18. two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous machine rotors, 19. locating rings.
The specific embodiment
Suspension Mechanism according to two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor and Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing, the five degree of freedom Digit Control Machine Tool high-speed magnetic levitation electricity main shaft of a kind of symmetric form rock-steady structure that proposition is made of 1 two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor and 2 Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearings, any Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing and the combination of two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous machine, all can form the suspension of five-freedom degree magnetic asynchronous machine, shortened the axial length that is come the magnetic suspension electricity main shaft of support high-speed asynchronous machine by two magnetic bearings, improved the operation stability of electric main shaft, can realize at a high speed, the ultrahigh speed operation.The present invention adopts design of electrical motor module RMxprt 5.0 and the finite element analysis module Maxwell2D/3D in the Ansoft software that two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor and Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing structure and parameter are optimized design, draw winding construction, winding method and the parameter of the critical component two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor of symmetric form five degree of freedom Digit Control Machine Tool high-speed magnetic levitation electricity main shaft, and the structure and parameter of Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing.
Suspension Mechanism according to two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor and Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing, proposition combines 1 two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor with 2 Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearings, consist of symmetric form five degree of freedom Digit Control Machine Tool high-speed magnetic levitation electricity main axle structure, as shown in Figure 1: two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous machine rotor 18 is housed in the rotating shaft 1, left end in rotating shaft is equipped with Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing rotor 12, at the right-hand member of rotating shaft Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing rotor 12 is housed.Rotating shaft 1, two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous machine rotor 18, left end Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing rotor 12 threes can consist of suspension of five-freedom degree magnetic asynchronous machine rotor main body; Also can consist of suspension of five-freedom degree magnetic asynchronous machine rotor main body by rotating shaft 1, two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous machine rotor 18, right-hand member Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing rotor 12 threes.Can according to the control characteristics of electrical spindle for machine tool, make up flexibly the main body of symmetric form high-speed magnetic levitation electricity spindle rotor like this.On motor cylinder barrel inner sleeve 17, inlay two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor torque control winding 7 and two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous machine suspension control winding 8, different from common asynchronous moter is, winding divides two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor torque control winding 7 and two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous machine suspension control winding 8, and both are wrapped in the stator slot together.In order to realize the symmetrical stable operation of magnetic suspension electricity main shaft, in cylinder barrel inner sleeve 17, embed 2 Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearings, twining the Three Degree Of Freedom magnetic bearing in the left end Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing on the permanent magnet 6 and radially controlling winding 4 and Three Degree Of Freedom magnetic bearing axial control winding 5, twining the Three Degree Of Freedom magnetic bearing in the right-hand member Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing on the permanent magnet 6 and radially controlling winding 4 and Three Degree Of Freedom magnetic bearing axial control winding 5.Cylinder barrel inner sleeve 17 pack into shaft position sensor 10 and radial displacement transducer 3 for detection of electric main shaft in radial and axial displacement.Its displacement information is sent into controller, be used for the operation control of high-speed magnetic levitation electricity main shaft.
The stator winding structure of two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous machine as shown in Figure 2, rotor adopts cage rotor, and double winding is arranged in the stator slot, near three phase windings of inner circle
Z A ,
Z B ,
Z C Be torque control winding, the electromagnetic torque of torque control winding control magnetic suspension asynchronous machine; Three phase windings near cylindrical
X A ,
X B ,
X C Be suspending windings, for the control of suspending power provides controlling magnetic field, namely control the radial suspension of machine shaft.Make the magnetic suspension asynchronous machine produce controlled radial suspension force, the number of pole-pairs of double winding must satisfy
p 2=
p 1± 1, and
ω 1=
ω 2, wherein
p 1,
ω 1Be respectively number of pole-pairs and the electric angle frequency of torque control winding,
p 2,
ω 2Be respectively number of pole-pairs and the electric angle frequency of the control winding that suspends.Among Fig. 2, the number of pole-pairs of torque winding
p 1=1, the number of pole-pairs of suspending windings
p 2=2.
Two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor torque control winding 7 and two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous machine suspend control winding 8 winding methods as shown in Figure 3, wherein, (a) be torque control winding connection figure, (b) be the control winding connection figure that suspends, double winding all adopts individual layer staggered form winding method, star-like (Y) connects, and is 1 around radical, and the parallel branch number is 1.Two utmost point torque windings and the every groove conductor of four utmost point suspending windings number of turn are respectively 41 circles, and the wire diameter of series conductor is 0.71mm, and the stator parameter of two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous machine is: internal diameter 98mm, and external diameter 155mm, groove is several 36, and core length is 105mm; The parameter of two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor rotor 18 is: internal diameter 38mm, and external diameter 97.4mm, groove is several 32, and core length is 105mm; Air gap between the rotor of the stator of two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous machine and two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous machine is 0.3mm.
Fig. 4 is Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing structural representation.Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing rotor 12 passes the center of Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing, be fixed wtih axial stator 13 and radial stator 14 at bearing, fixed permanent magnet 6 on this, twining the Three Degree Of Freedom magnetic bearing on the permanent magnet 6 and radially controlling winding 4 and Three Degree Of Freedom magnetic bearing axial control winding 5.Three control coils that the Three Degree Of Freedom magnetic bearing is radially controlled winding 4 pass into three-phase alternating current, are equivalent to that a torque winding number of pole-pairs sets to 0, radial suspension force winding number of pole-pairs is 1 magnetic suspension motor, satisfy
p 2=
p 1± 1.The Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing adopts radial-axial Three Degree Of Freedom location rotor; Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing rotor 12, axial stator 13 and radial stator 14 all adopt the thick silicon steel plate stacking of 0.5mm to form, and effectively reduce eddy-current loss and magnetic hystersis loss; Permanent magnet 6 adopts novel rare-earth material NdFeB; The winding coil material is the enamel covered wire of 0.8mm diameter, and magnetic bearing axial, radially the air gap between the rotor is 0.3mm.Bearing capacity radially:
F r 〉=200N, axial bearing capacity:
F z 〉=150N.
Claims (10)
1. five degree of freedom Digit Control Machine Tool high-speed magnetic levitation electricity main shaft, it is characterized in that, comprise the rotating shaft (1) that is installed on the steel cylinder, 1 two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor and 2 Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearings, institute's two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor is installed in the rotating shaft (1) by two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous machine rotor (18), and described 2 Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearings are installed in the rotating shaft (1) of rotating shaft (1) two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor both sides through Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing rotor (12) symmetry; Described arbitrary Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing and two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous machine are combined to form the suspension of five-freedom degree magnetic asynchronous machine.
2. a kind of five degree of freedom Digit Control Machine Tool high-speed magnetic levitation electricity main shaft according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described cylinder barrel comprises cylinder barrel overcoat (16), cylinder barrel inner sleeve (17) and cylinder barrel helix tube (15).
3. a kind of five degree of freedom Digit Control Machine Tool high-speed magnetic levitation electricity main shaft according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor also comprises two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor torque control winding (7) and two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous machine suspension control winding (8), and two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor torque control winding (7) and two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous machine suspension control winding (8) are embedded in the stator slot of cylinder barrel inner sleeve (17).
4. according to claim 2 or 3 described a kind of five degree of freedom Digit Control Machine Tool high-speed magnetic levitations electricity main shafts, it is characterized in that, described 2 Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearings are embedded on the cylinder barrel inner sleeve (17), be fixed wtih axial stator (13) and radial stator (14) on the described Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing, the upper fixed permanent magnet (6) of described axial stator (13) and radial stator (14) is twining the Three Degree Of Freedom magnetic bearing and is radially controlling winding (4) and Three Degree Of Freedom magnetic bearing axial control winding (5) on the described permanent magnet (6).
5. according to claim 2 or 3 described a kind of five degree of freedom Digit Control Machine Tool high-speed magnetic levitations electricity main shafts, it is characterized in that, be equipped with on the described cylinder barrel inner sleeve (17) for detection of shaft position sensor (10) and radial displacement transducer (3) and the displacement transducer reference rings (11) of electric main shaft in radial and axial displacement, displacement transducer reference rings (11) provides the radial displacement measuring basis for radial displacement transducer (3).
6. a kind of five degree of freedom Digit Control Machine Tool high-speed magnetic levitation electricity main shaft according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor rotor (18) adopts cage rotor, and described two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor torque control winding (7) is three phase windings near inner circle
Z A ,
Z B ,
Z C , described two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous machine suspends and controls winding (8) is three phase windings of cylindrical
X A ,
X B ,
X C , described two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor torque control winding (7) and two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous machine suspend and control winding (8) and all adopt individual layer staggered form winding method, star-like connection, and be 1 around radical, the parallel branch number is 1.
7. a kind of five degree of freedom Digit Control Machine Tool high-speed magnetic levitation electricity main shaft according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, described two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor torque control winding (7) and the every groove conductor of two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous machine suspension control winding (8) number of turn are respectively 41 circles, the wire diameter of series conductor is 0.71mm, the stator parameter of two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous machine is: internal diameter 98mm, external diameter 155mm, groove is several 36, and core length is 105mm; The parameter of two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor rotor (18) is: internal diameter 38mm, and external diameter 97.4mm,, the groove number, 32,, core length is 105mm; The air gap of the stator of two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous machine and two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor rotor (18) is 0.3mm.
8. a kind of five degree of freedom Digit Control Machine Tool high-speed magnetic levitation electricity main shaft according to claim 4 is characterized in that, described Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing rotor (12) is radial-axial Three Degree Of Freedom location rotor.
9. a kind of five degree of freedom Digit Control Machine Tool high-speed magnetic levitation electricity main shaft according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, described Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing rotor (12), axial stator (13) and radial stator (14) all adopt the thick silicon steel plate stacking of 0.5mm to form, and described permanent magnet (6) adopts NdFeB; Described Three Degree Of Freedom magnetic bearing is radially controlled the enamel covered wire of the coil employing 0.8mm diameter of winding (4) and Three Degree Of Freedom magnetic bearing axial control winding, and the axial-radial air gap is 0.3mm.
10. a kind of five degree of freedom Digit Control Machine Tool high-speed magnetic levitation electricity main shaft according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, also comprise self-aligning bearing (2), when described self-aligning bearing (2) was used for preventing that suddenly outage or magnetic bearing system are out of control, Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing rotor (12) was collided with axial stator (13).
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| CN117424413A (en) * | 2023-09-19 | 2024-01-19 | 淮阴工学院 | Five-degree-of-freedom magnetic suspension motor with axial permanent magnet auxiliary excitation |
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