CN102921764B - Molding method and molding apparatus for pipe structure having nozzle boss - Google Patents
Molding method and molding apparatus for pipe structure having nozzle boss Download PDFInfo
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- CN102921764B CN102921764B CN201210236488.9A CN201210236488A CN102921764B CN 102921764 B CN102921764 B CN 102921764B CN 201210236488 A CN201210236488 A CN 201210236488A CN 102921764 B CN102921764 B CN 102921764B
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a molding method and a molding apparatus for a pipe structure having a nozzle boss. The molding method comprises the following steps: S1, constructing a plastic rheology area on a pipe billet, and arranging an outer mold outside the plastic rheology area of the pipe billet, wherein a volume of the material within the plastic rheology area length range is more than or equal to a volume of a nozzle boss requiring molding; and S2, applying axial upsetting-extruding force on the plastic rheology area of the pipe billet from both ends of the pipe billet, such that the material within the plastic rheology area of the pipe billet laterally moves to form the nozzle boss. With the molding method of the embodiments of the present invention, mechanical properties of the nozzle boss structure of the pipe are improved, and characteristics of simple and easily-controllable operation, high material utilization rate, high qualification rate and short manufacturing period are provided during the nozzle boss molding process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to material forming field, relate in particular to a kind of for thering is forming method and the shaped device of the fitting structure of ozzle boss.
Background technology
Pipeline with ozzle boss structure is the critical facility parts in the industrial circles such as nuclear power, thermoelectricity, petrochemical industry.
The pipeline of manufacturing with ozzle boss structure at present has following two kinds of methods.A kind of method is the means based on free forging process and machined removal material, first utilize solid blank to carry out flat-die forging and be shaped and obtain a part with the solid blanks of the conduit profile of solid boss, then blank is carried out to machined obtain inner bore of pipeline and ozzle boss endoporus.The method stock utilization is very low, production efficiency is low, percent defective is high and processing fire time Alternative is complicated.Somebody proposes a kind of method, based on drawing and extrusion process, correspondence position drawing ozzle at ozzle, then carry out extrusion molding, the impossible extrusion molding of ozzle, often by being used different size mould successively to push final shaping to same ozzle, conventionally before, extruding size span is several times larger, and the size span of last ozzle finishing is less, when the size of ozzle reaches requirement, extrusion molding finishes.The shortcoming of this method is, to the extrusion passes of same ozzle, too much can cause ozzle heating times too much, causes burning and structure property to be difficult for guaranteeing; In addition, extrusion passes is too much, needs the mould of different size, causes die cost very high.
Current various threeway forming technologies based on Plastic Forming, all during larger pipe fitting forming, all having certain deficiency for a class pipe range, wall thickness and ozzle boss etc., cannot directly apply in the pipeline forming with ozzle boss structure.And neither manufacture the desirable technique with the pipeline of ozzle boss structure based on open die forging and mach manufacturing process.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended at least solve one of technical problem existing in prior art.For this reason, one object of the present invention is to propose a kind of for having the forming method of the fitting structure of ozzle boss.
Another object of the present invention be to propose a kind of adopt said method for thering is the shaped device of the fitting structure of ozzle boss.
A kind of for having the forming method of the fitting structure of ozzle boss according to first aspect present invention embodiment, comprises the following steps:
S1, on pipe, construct Yi Ge plastic flow district, the material volume in the length range in described plastic flow district is more than or equal to the volume of ozzle boss to be formed, and at the outer setting outer mold in the plastic flow district of described pipe;
S2, the plastic flow district from the two ends of described pipe to described pipe apply axial upsetting squeeze power so that the material in the plastic flow district of described pipe is displaced sideways to form ozzle boss.
According to the forming method of the embodiment of the present invention, by die forming, blank tube material, under the constraint and the firm end effect in pipe end of mold cavity, is carried out lateral flow in default plastic flow region, forms ozzle boss.This method can once-forming pipe fitting ozzle boss structure, and boss ozzle wall is that on pipe shaft wall, continuously extruded the flowing of material forms, there is continuous metal streamline feature, between ozzle boss and body, there is intact integraty, therefore improved the mechanical property of the ozzle boss structure of pipe fitting.Thus, in the forming process of ozzle boss, easy control easy and simple to handle, stock utilization and qualification rate are high, and the manufacturing cycle is short.
In addition, according to forming method of the present invention, also there is following additional technical feature:
Further comprising the steps in described step S1:
S11, on described pipe, predetermined ozzle boss place to be formed forms pre-manufactured hole;
In S12, described pre-manufactured hole, put into plug, in the tube chamber vertically in described pipe, put into mandrel, and the outside of described pre-manufactured hole is provided with the extrusion die with at least one boss die cavity and retrains.
In an example of the present invention, described plug axially can be located in described pre-manufactured hole by floating ground along described pre-manufactured hole.
In another example of the present invention, described plug and described extrusion die are integrally formed.
In another example of the present invention, described plug, described extrusion die and described outer mold are integrally formed.
In another example of the present invention, described plug is connected with described mandrel.
Alternatively, described plug is connected by screw thread or dovetail groove with described mandrel.
In an example of the present invention, the top of the boss die cavity of described extrusion die is closed.
In another example of the present invention, the top of the boss die cavity of described extrusion die is opened wide.
Alternatively, the boss die cavity of described extrusion die is straight barrel type cylindrical, step cylindrical or taper.
Further comprising the steps in described step S2:
S21, at the two ends of described pipe, by firm end, apply axial upsetting squeeze power respectively.
In an example of the present invention, two of described pipe just in end one of them static and another speed with V1 move, and described outer mold moves in the same way with speed and the V1 of extrusion die while with Vm=V1/2.
In another example of the present invention, just end is respectively with the speed synchronous relative motion of V1, V2 for two of described pipe, and wherein V1=V2, and described outer mold and extrusion die are static.
In another example of the present invention, just end is respectively with the asynchronous move toward one another of speed of V1, V2 for two of described pipe, and wherein V1=V2, and described outer mold and extrusion die move to guarantee that with the speed of Vm described ozzle boss forming is symmetrical.
In an example of the present invention, described firm end is firm terminal mould and the two ends that are located at respectively described pipe.
In another example of the present invention, described firm end is formed by the two ends of described pipe respectively.
In an example of the present invention, in step S12, also comprise:
S121, the upsetting pressure mould equating with ozzle wall thickness at wall thickness of boss die cavity place's affix of described extrusion die, described upsetting pressure mould is servo-actuatedly mobile along with the rising of ozzle boss blank in upsetting squeeze process, on this mould, can exert pressure according to predetermined loading curve, so that described ozzle boss extrusion molding simultaneously.
In another example of the present invention, after step S21, also comprise:
After S22, described ozzle boss are shaped, upsetting pressure is carried out on the ozzle boss top after using upsetting pressure mould that a wall thickness equates with ozzle wall thickness to described shaping.
In another example of the present invention, after step S2, also comprise:
After S3, described ozzle boss are shaped, uses a wall thickness be less than the second extrusion die with ozzle wall thickness to the backward extrusion of described ozzle boss the boss with formation step.
In an example of the present invention, described plastically deforming area comprises whole length ranges of described pipe.
In another example of the present invention, described plastically deforming area comprises the partial-length scope of described pipe.
Alternatively, described plastically deforming area is by heating of pipe blank is formed to its malleable temperature.
Described pipe is seamless pipe, by extruding, rolling or casting processing and manufacturing, is formed.
Alternatively, pipe is carbon steel or steel alloy.
Alternatively, pipe is aluminium or copper material.
A kind of for thering is the shaped device of the fitting structure of ozzle boss according to second aspect present invention embodiment, employing forms pipe according to the described forming method of first aspect present invention embodiment, comprise: plug, described plug is located in the pre-manufactured hole of described pipe, and wherein said pre-manufactured hole is formed on predetermined ozzle boss place to be formed in the plastic flow district of described pipe; Mandrel, described mandrel is located in the tube chamber vertically in Sohu of Soviet Union pipe; Extrusion die, described extrusion die is located at the outside of described pre-manufactured hole; And outer mold, described outer mold comprises the first and second die cavity piecemeals, and described the first and second die cavity piecemeals coordinate to limit die cavity, and described plug, mandrel and extrusion die are all located in described die cavity.
According to forming method of the present invention, have the following advantages:
1) ozzle boss is by pipe wall material extrusion molding under the constraint of die cavity, in forming process material stressed before tube nozzle outlet be three-dimensional compressive stress state, spheric stress is very high, greatly improve ozzle boss mechanics and structure property;
2) side direction upsetting extrusion technique directly flows out material on tube wall and forms ozzle boss through upsetting squeeze, has guaranteed in good condition the metal streamline of ozzle and pipe shaft material, is conducive to improve the structural strength of ozzle boss;
3) with some be first shaped solid boss again the technique of machined ozzle boss endoporus compare, this method direct forming ozzle wall, only leave the less size surplus of ozzle endoporus and carry out machined, improved the utilization rate of material, reduce the time that machined expends simultaneously, therefore improve production efficiency, shortened the production cycle.
4) shape diversity strong adaptability, the size wide coverage of shaping ozzle boss, can the larger boss of disposable forming height, and forming accuracy is high, and surface quality is good.
According to second aspect present invention embodiment for thering is the shaped device of the fitting structure of ozzle boss, employing forms pipe according to the forming method described in first aspect present invention embodiment, comprise: plug, described plug is located in the pre-manufactured hole of described pipe, and wherein said pre-manufactured hole is formed on predetermined ozzle boss place to be formed in the plastic flow district of described pipe; Mandrel, described mandrel is located in the tube chamber vertically in described pipe; Extrusion die, described extrusion die is located at the outside of described pre-manufactured hole; And outer mold, described outer mold comprises the first and second die cavity piecemeals, and described the first and second die cavity piecemeals coordinate to limit die cavity, and described plug, mandrel and extrusion die are all located in described die cavity.
Additional aspect of the present invention and advantage in the following description part provide, and part will become obviously from the following description, or recognize by practice of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Above-mentioned and/or additional aspect of the present invention and advantage accompanying drawing below combination obviously and is easily understood becoming the description of embodiment, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram on pipe with a straight barrel type ozzle boss;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram on pipe with a step ozzle boss;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram on pipe with a plurality of straight barrel type ozzle boss;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram on pipe with a plurality of step ozzle boss;
Fig. 5 has the schematic diagram of inclination ozzle boss on pipe;
Fig. 6 is with the schematic diagram of ozzle boss on short tube base;
Fig. 7 is plastic flow district material flow schematic diagram in shaping ozzle boss process;
Fig. 8 is a kind of enclosed die cavity and plug, extrusion die and die cavity upsetting squeeze process schematic representation while being structure as a whole;
Fig. 9 is a kind of enclosed die cavity and plug and die cavity upsetting squeeze process schematic representation while being structure as a whole;
Figure 10 is a kind of enclosed die cavity and plug upsetting squeeze process schematic representation fixedly time;
Figure 11 is a kind of enclosed die cavity and plug upsetting squeeze process schematic representation when fixing or floating;
Figure 12 is a kind of open type die cavity and plug upsetting squeeze process schematic representation when fixing or floating;
Figure 13 is a kind of open type die cavity and plug upsetting squeeze process schematic representation when fixing or floating;
Figure 14 is a kind of side direction upsetting squeeze technological evolution situation schematic diagram with servo-actuated upsetting pressure mould;
Figure 15 is a kind of side direction upsetting squeeze technological evolution situation schematic diagram with backward extrusion step;
Reference numeral:
1: plastic flow district; 2: the first die cavity piecemeals; 5: the second die cavity piecemeals
3,8: just hold; 4,7: upsetting squeeze pad
6: mandrel; 9: ozzle boss extrusion die; 10: plug;
11: upsetting pressure mould; 12: indirect-extrusion mould
The specific embodiment
Describe embodiments of the invention below in detail, the example of described embodiment is shown in the drawings, and wherein same or similar label represents same or similar element or has the element of identical or similar functions from start to finish.Below by the embodiment being described with reference to the drawings, be exemplary, only for explaining the present invention, and can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
In description of the invention, it will be appreciated that, orientation or the position relationship of the indications such as term " " center ", " on ", D score, 'fornt', 'back', " left side ", " right side ", " top ", " end ", " interior ", " outward " be based on orientation shown in the drawings or position relationship; be only the present invention for convenience of description and simplified characterization; rather than the device of indication or hint indication or element must have specific orientation, with specific orientation structure and operation, so can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention.In addition, term " first ", " second " be only for describing object, and can not be interpreted as indication or hint relative importance or the implicit quantity that indicates indicated technical characterictic.Thus, one or more these features can be expressed or impliedly be comprised to the feature that is limited with " first ", " second ".In description of the invention, except as otherwise noted, the implication of " a plurality of " is two or more.
In description of the invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, term " installation ", " being connected ", " connection " should be interpreted broadly, and for example, can be to be fixedly connected with, and can be also to removably connect, or connect integratedly; Can be mechanical connection, can be to be also electrically connected to; Can be to be directly connected, also can indirectly be connected by intermediary, can be the connection of two element internals.For the ordinary skill in the art, can concrete condition understand above-mentioned term concrete meaning in the present invention.
Below with reference to Fig. 1 describe according to first aspect present invention embodiment for thering is the forming method of the fitting structure of ozzle boss, the method for having the fitting structure of ozzle boss on the basis of pipe in shaped exterior wall.
According to the embodiment of the present invention for thering is the forming method of the fitting structure of ozzle boss, comprise the following steps:
S1, on pipe, construct Yi Ge plastic flow district 1 (as shown in Figure 7), material volume in the length range in described plastic flow district 1 is more than or equal to the volume of ozzle boss to be formed, and at the outer setting outer mold in the plastic flow district 1 of described pipe.Upper this outer mold is separable many lobes of combined type mould, and this mould can be designed to pre-stress die.Due to the complete pipe fitting with boss need to the taking-up that be shaped, therefore, mould is necessary for separable combining structure.Particularly, outer mold comprises that drawing together the first die cavity piecemeal 2 and the second die cavity piecemeal 5, the first die cavity piecemeals 2 and the second die cavity piecemeal 5 cooperations limits die cavity with inside.Die joint is got along the level of axis direction or vertical longitudinal section.
S2, the plastic flow district 1 from the two ends of described pipe to described pipe apply axial upsetting squeeze power so that the material in the plastic flow district of described pipe is displaced sideways to form ozzle boss.
Further comprising the steps in described step S1:
S11, on described pipe, predetermined ozzle boss place to be formed forms pre-manufactured hole;
In S12, described pre-manufactured hole, put into plug 10, in the tube chamber vertically in described pipe, put into mandrel 6, and the outside of described pre-manufactured hole is provided with the extrusion die 9 with at least one boss die cavity and retrains.Wherein those skilled in the art are appreciated that in description of the invention, and plug and mandrel are a kind of mould title, can abstract understand.The function of mandrel is restriction upsetting squeeze process middle tube body inner wall deformation, and its material is not limited to mould steel, can be also other composites; Its structure is not limited to solid construction, can be also composite construction.
Alternatively, the boss die cavity of extrusion die 9 is straight barrel type cylindrical, step cylindrical or taper, and this shape according to ozzle boss to be formed is determined.Thus, the ozzle boss with on the pipe fitting of ozzle boss forming on pipe basis also can be straight barrel type cylindrical (as shown in Figure 1), step cylindrical (as shown in Figure 2) or taper (scheming not shown), and the ozzle boss on pipe fitting also can be one, also can be a plurality of, example has the tubular ozzle boss of a plurality of straight barrel types on pipe fitting as shown in Figure 3, has as shown in Figure 4 the tubular ozzle boss of a plurality of steps on pipe fitting.The axis of ozzle boss can be vertical with pipe axis, and as shown in Fig. 1-4, Fig. 6, certainly, the present invention is not limited to this, and in other examples of the present invention, ozzle boss also can be with respect to the pipe certain angle (as shown in Figure 5) that tilts.In this method, by its axis, distribute can be in a plane position that distributes on pipe fitting outer wall of ozzle boss, also can be not in a plane.
In examples more of the present invention, construct in the process in Yi Ge plastic flow district 1 and also comprise heating steps.The whether necessary plastic deformation resistance depending on material of heating steps, for the little material of plastic deformation resistance, can be without heating steps, the cold-heading of directly implementing under normal temperature is squeezed.For the large material of plastic deformation resistance, if pipe is short tube, heating region is the whole length of pipe; If pipe is long tube, the thermal treatment zone is near the interior focal length of certain limit pipe boss, but the thermal treatment zone also can comprise the situation of pipe total length.Having under the situation of heating, the scope that the scope in plastic flow district is surrounded by moulds such as thermal treatment zone scope and die cavity and mandrels limits jointly; Under the situation without heating, the scope that the scope in plastic flow district is surrounded by moulds such as die cavity and mandrels is determined.Thermal treatment zone length does not exceed die cavity length, is an important technological parameter.
Further comprising the steps in described step S2:
S21, at the two ends of described pipe, by firm end, apply axial upsetting squeeze power respectively.
Wherein described in step S21, at pipe end, apply axial upsetting squeeze pressure and the step in plastic flow district heating that can comprise realizes the external drive energy of described plastic flow district material lateral flow together.
According to the forming method of the embodiment of the present invention, by die forming, blank tube material, under the constraint and the firm end effect in pipe end of mold cavity, is carried out lateral flow in default plastic flow region, forms ozzle boss.This method can once-forming pipe fitting ozzle boss structure, and boss ozzle wall is that on pipe shaft wall, continuously extruded the flowing of material forms, there is continuous metal streamline feature, between ozzle boss and body, there is intact integraty, therefore improved the mechanical property of the ozzle boss structure of pipe fitting.Thus, in the forming process of ozzle boss, easy control easy and simple to handle, stock utilization and qualification rate are high, and the manufacturing cycle is short.
Pipe described in step S1 is seamless pipe, can be extruding, rolling, casting or other materials processing method figuration manufacture.Pipe is that metal material is made, and it can be under normal temperature, under large, the high temperature of resistance of deformation, to have carbon steel and the steel alloy of good plastic deformation ability, can be also under normal temperature or low temperature, there is lower resistance of deformation material as aluminium, copper material etc.
This method for ozzle boss structure, the wall thickness of ozzle boss can be identical with pipe fitting pipe shaft, also can be different from pipe fitting pipe shaft wall thickness, but for ozzle boss wall thickness, be greater than the situation of pipe shaft wall thickness, be generally suitable in deviation range 30%.Altitude range 10～the 600mm of ozzle boss.
Described pipe fitting in this method can be longer, reaches 5000～8000mm, also can be shorter, and in 1000mm, as valve body.Pipe fitting diameter can be larger, and 500～1500mm also can be less, in 100mm.Tube wall thickness scope 10～200mm.
The length sum that the volume that the described front preset length of pipe shaping of step in said method (1) at least should be final pipe range and projection section material requested obtains divided by pipe cross-sectional area.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the plug 10 inserting in pre-manufactured hole can float with respect to pre-manufactured hole, also can fix, as shown in Fig. 8-10.In an example of the present invention, plug 6 can with outer mold for example the first die cavity piecemeal 2 link together to fix with respect to pre-manufactured hole, as shown in Figure 9.Further, plug 6, extrusion die 9 are integrally formed with outer mold, as shown in Figure 8.Certainly, the present invention is not limited to this, and in another example of the present invention, plug 10 also can link together with screw thread or dovetail groove with mandrel 6 in the tube chamber of pipe, as shown in figure 10.
In shaping process, the mandrel 6 of placing in plug 10, pipe orifice chamber and the flow range of managing the common limiting material of outer mold of outer wall placement.For short tube, whole pipe range all, in the limited field of mould, when material deformation drag is larger, is all heated to the malleable temperature of this material in length, and length range is plastic flow region.For long tube, in the time of need to heating according to material, a kind of situation is, only to material heating within the scope of the focal length that comprises ozzle boss certain limit, this region is plastic flow district, now mould only within the scope of local pipe range limiting material flow, mould along the length of pipe shaft according to the length in plastic flow district and the rigidity that just end has been divided comprehensively determine; Another kind of situation, heats body total length, and all pipe ranges are all plastic flow regions, and now die length is all placed in whole body among die cavity.
The extrusion die 9 that described pipe outer wall is placed, the top of its boss die cavity can be both enclosed, also can above open type.For enclosed die cavity, as shown in Fig. 8-11, ozzle boss tip material is subject to the upsetting pressure of mould before shaping finishes, and correspondingly, ozzle boss top is shaped smooth, and axially the supporting force of upsetting squeeze power and mould outside all can correspondingly increase simultaneously.For open type die cavity, as Figure 12 and 13, the outlet of boss die cavity is opened, and allows material in opening, to flow out, and correspondingly, ozzle boss top is shaped not too smooth, low when axially the supporting force of upsetting squeeze power and mould outside is also compared with enclosed die cavity simultaneously.
Described in above-mentioned steps S2, at pipe two ends, apply axial upsetting squeeze power, by just bringing in and apply in step S21.For short tube, just end is for mould independently and be located at respectively the two ends of pipe.For long tube, just end can be the part on long tube base; Also can be mould and be located at respectively the two ends of pipe independently, within its length vertically of the die cavity that now the pipe outer wall described in step (2) is placed can be placed in die cavity by whole pipes.
Two just end is under the effect of identical upsetting squeeze power, and with speed motion separately, upsetting squeeze speed is an important technological parameter.Just the motion mode of end comprises one-sided motion and bilateral movement, the i.e. lateral movement of one-sided motion, and opposite side is static, for one-sided case of motion, is the symmetry that guarantees that ozzle boss is shaped, and mould also moves with firm end motion one half speed simultaneously.Particularly, two of pipe just in end one of them static and another speed with V1 move, and described outer mold moves in the same way with speed and the V1 of extrusion die while with Vm=V1/2.
Bilateral movement be both sides all with speed move toward one another separately, now, the firm end motion of both sides both can be synchronized with the movement, also can asynchronous movement; Both speed motion that can be identical, speed motion that also can be different; Asynchronous or when not synchronized, mould also accompanies by certain speed and moves the symmetry that guarantees that ozzle boss is shaped for the just motion of end of both sides.Particularly, in an example, just end is respectively with the speed synchronous relative motion of V1, V2 for two of pipe therein, and wherein V1=V2, and described outer mold and extrusion die 9 are static.And in another example, just end is respectively with the speed synchronous relative motion of V1, V2 for two of described pipe, wherein V1=V2, and described outer mold and extrusion die are static.Be understandable that, the motion of above-mentioned mould is dispensable, can make it fixing by applying mould equilibrant force mode.
According to forming method of the present invention, can be used for the pipe fitting monolithic molding with single ozzle boss, also can be for the pipe fitting monolithic molding with a plurality of ozzle boss.For the pipe fitting monolithic molding with a plurality of ozzle boss; can be according to identical step each ozzle boss that is shaped one by one; but note suitably adding the safeguard measure to the boss that is shaped when being shaped an ozzle boss, note protecting the ozzle boss being shaped not damaged.
According to forming method of the present invention, can also on former basis, do following three kinds of differentiation:
I) in first embodiment, for example, at wall thickness of ozzle boss die cavity place's affix upsetting pressure mould (sleeve) suitable with ozzle wall thickness to be formed, this mould is servo-actuatedly mobile along with the rising of ozzle boss blank in upsetting squeeze process, on this mould, can exert pressure according to certain loading curve simultaneously, be ozzle boss material extrusion molding under certain resistance, as shown in figure 13.
Ii) in second embodiment, be shaped as stated above after ozzle boss, then use a wall thickness upsetting pressure mould (sleeve) suitable with ozzle wall thickness to carry out upsetting pressure to ozzle boss top;
Iii) in the 3rd embodiment, for the shaping of step ozzle boss, the straight barrel type boss that first forming height is less, more then use the extrusion die that a wall thickness is little compared with ozzle wall thickness to carry out to ozzle boss the top layer step that backward extrusion obtains boss.
According to forming method of the present invention, have the following advantages:
1) ozzle boss is by pipe wall material extrusion molding under the constraint of die cavity, in forming process material stressed before tube nozzle outlet be three-dimensional compressive stress state, spheric stress is very high, greatly improve ozzle boss mechanics and structure property;
2) side direction upsetting extrusion technique directly flows out material on tube wall and forms ozzle boss through upsetting squeeze, has guaranteed in good condition the metal streamline of ozzle and pipe shaft material, is conducive to improve the structural strength of ozzle boss;
3) with some be first shaped solid boss again the technique of machined ozzle boss endoporus compare, this method direct forming ozzle wall, only leave the less size surplus of ozzle endoporus and carry out machined, improved the utilization rate of material, reduce the time that machined expends simultaneously, therefore improve production efficiency, shortened the production cycle.
4) shape diversity strong adaptability, the size wide coverage of shaping ozzle boss, can the larger boss of disposable forming height, and forming accuracy is high, and surface quality is good.
Below with reference to Fig. 1-Figure 13, specifically describe according to forming method of the present invention.Ozzle boss to be formed in the straight tube blank wherein adopting, pipe can be for growing (Fig. 1～Fig. 5), also can shorter (Fig. 6).Ozzle boss shape on pipe outer wall can cylindric for straight barrel type (Fig. 1, Fig. 3), step cylindric (Fig. 2, Fig. 4) and tapered cylinder shape; The number of ozzle boss can be single (Fig. 1, Fig. 2), can be also a plurality of (Fig. 3, Fig. 4); The axis of ozzle boss can be (Fig. 1～Fig. 4, Fig. 6) vertical with pipe axis, can be also to become certain predetermined inclination (Fig. 5) with pipe axis; When ozzle boss number is a plurality of, the axis of each ozzle boss can be in same plane, also can office Different Plane in (Fig. 3, Fig. 4).
Forming method according to the present invention comprises following key step:
A) on body, construct a part (or for whole) plastic flow district 1 (Fig. 7), in the length range in this district, material volume will meet the supplementary needs of ozzle boss material volume;
B) by firm end 3 and 8, apply upsetting squeeze power to plastic flow district 1, just end is last minute of pipe, can be also mould independently, and design (Fig. 8～Figure 15) matches with die cavity 2 and 5;
C) just end motion vertically, on promotion pipe, in plastic flow district, material also flows and forms ozzle boss through lateral turnover.
Particularly, the implementation process that the inventive method is general all comprises following steps:
(1) on pipe, ozzle boss to be formed place opens pre-manufactured hole;
(2) in opened pre-manufactured hole, put into plug 10 (can be made of one with outside die cavity 2, as Fig. 8), place mandrel 6 in pipe orifice chamber, the die cavity 2 and 5 that the placement of pipe outer wall has ozzle boss shape retrains;
(3) at pipe two ends, apply vertically upsetting squeeze power, in mould outside, apply supporting force or outside with mould-locking structure (being mold clamping force for valving die).
Those skilled in the art are understandable that, according to above principal character and general implementation step, the mould form that can design can have various differentiation, but as long as the mould of these different designs all be take, realize above-mentioned formed features as target, the so concrete structural feature similarities and differences can not represent change and the difference of its method.The above-mentioned general implementation step of listing is the step that must comprise, is this method core implementation step, if comprised and the various increase steps done based on above step and the different step that develops into can not represent change and the difference of its method.
For the mould of realizing above-mentioned formed features and comprising above-mentioned steps necessary, its ozzle projection section can be designed to enclosed die cavity (Fig. 8～Figure 11) or open type die cavity (Figure 12, Figure 13), can be designed to combined type (Fig. 9～Figure 12 is combined type) or monoblock type (Fig. 8).So-called combined type is extrusion die 9 and die cavity 2 is two moulds independently, and so-called monoblock type is that extrusion die 9 and die cavity 2 are designed to a global facility.Equally, plug 10 can be designed as floating type or fixed, so-called floating type, allows plug 10 to move along its axis direction, so-called fixed, does not allow plug 10 along its axial-movement.Fixed plug, the fixed form of plug 10 can be by realizing as one with outside die cavity 2, also can with screw thread or dovetail groove form, link together to realize with the mandrel 6 placed in pipe endoporus; In addition, just end 3 and 8 (or is a part for pipe, or be independent mould) motion mode, can be designed as one-sided motion, or be designed to bilateral movement, so-called one-sided motion, a side just holds one of (in 3 or 8) along axis to fixing opposite side, just to hold the direction motion of (8 or 3); So-called bilateral movement, both sides have just held 3 and 8 respectively along axis move toward one another, and two firm end motions can be synchronous or asynchronous, and its movement velocity can be also identical or different;
Due to the length of pipe to be formed and the difference of material thereof, have in the following areas different design and consider: die cavity 2 and 5 length along axis, whether heat, thermal treatment zone length, just held a part or the independent mould that is designed to pipe self; Several representational embodiment are: short tube situation: I) material is the metal material that resistance of deformation is larger, and die cavity 2 and 5 covers pipe total length along axial length, have just held 3 and 8 for independent mould, the heating of pipe total length, and pipe total length forms plastic flow district; II) material is the metal material that resistance of deformation is less, and die cavity 2 and 5 covers pipe total length along axial length, has just held 3 and 8 for independent mould, and pipe does not heat, and pipe total length forms plastic flow district; Long tube situation: III) die cavity 2 and 5 partial-lengths along axial length covering pipe, just end 3 and 8 is a part for pipe self, pipe partial-length heating (not exceeding die cavity along capable of regulating thermal treatment zone length within the scope of axial length), pipe subrange forms plastic flow district; IV) die cavity 2 and 5 covers pipe total length along axial length, has just held 3 and 8 for independent mould, pipe partial-length heating (not exceeding die cavity along capable of regulating thermal treatment zone length within the scope of axial length), and pipe part or total length form plastic flow district; V) die cavity 2 and 5 covers pipe total length along axial length, has just held 3 and 8 for independent mould, and pipe does not heat, and pipe total length forms plastic flow district;
Shaping based on single ozzle boss, 5 kinds of embodiment situations listed above only consider that die cavity is along axis direction length, heating state, just hold the several key elements of situation, and a complete embodiment also should comprise following 4 key elements: the 1. situation of ozzle die cavity 2: open type or enclosed; 2. the shape of ozzle boss: straight barrel type cylinder, step cylinder and tapered cylinder etc.; 3. the mounting means of plug 10: float or fixing, wherein fixed, comprise that plug 10 is connected with die cavity 2 and plug 10 is connected with mandrel 6 and 10 whiles of plug are connected with mandrel 6 with die cavity 2 etc.; 4. the just motion mode of end: one-sided motion or bilateral movement, wherein bilateral movement comprises again several situations: both sides are synchronous or asynchronous, the synchronized or friction speed in both sides; Both sides are with each autokinesis of identical pressure.Therefore, embodiments of the invention are whole schemes that each possible case that above-mentioned 5 kinds of basic scenarios comprise respectively in conjunction with 4 above-mentioned key elements combines.
Mould schematic diagram shown in Fig. 8～Figure 13 is that the several mould structures in above-described embodiment are given an example.
The similarities and differences of ozzle boss shape, are not essential distinctions, and in fact the ozzle boss of other shapes can be by the straight barrel type boss that is first shaped, and reprocessing forms.Extrusion die 9 in this method embodiment removes the mode that is shaping straight barrel type ozzle boss.
The heating of mentioning in above-described embodiment, is heated malleable temperature according to concrete material, as being 1050～1250 ℃ for carbon steel heating-up temperature, as being 950 ℃～1200 ℃ for its heating-up temperature of austenitic stainless steel.
Under the situation of the above embodiments, can do following differentiation:
In first example, in ozzle boss die cavity, add with moving mold 11, in forming process, can on moving mold 11, apply transient state with dynamic pressure, pressure curve can be according to the flow situation design modifying of ozzle boss blank, as shown in figure 14;
In second example, in ozzle boss die cavity, add upsetting pressure mould 11, after ozzle boss shaping certain altitude, then carry out upsetting pressure with 11 pairs of ozzle boss of mould, as shown in figure 14;
In the 3rd example, in ozzle boss die cavity, add extrusion die 12, after ozzle boss shaping certain altitude, then carry out backward extrusion with 12 pairs of ozzle boss of mould, as shown in figure 14;
For the shaping of a plurality of ozzle boss, can use the said method single ozzle boss that is shaped one by one, should note the first postforming order of each ozzle boss.When the ozzle boss after imaging order comes is shaped, note the ozzle boss that protection has been shaped complete.
According to second aspect present invention embodiment for thering is the shaped device of the fitting structure of ozzle boss, employing forms pipe according to the forming method described in first aspect present invention embodiment, comprise: plug, described plug is located in the pre-manufactured hole of described pipe, and wherein said pre-manufactured hole is formed on predetermined ozzle boss place to be formed in the plastic flow district of described pipe; Mandrel, described mandrel is located in the tube chamber vertically in described pipe; Extrusion die, described extrusion die is located at the outside of described pre-manufactured hole; And outer mold, described outer mold comprises the first and second die cavity piecemeals, and described the first and second die cavity piecemeals coordinate to limit die cavity, and described plug, mandrel and extrusion die are all located in described die cavity.
In the description of this description, the description of reference term " embodiment ", " some embodiment ", " illustrative examples ", " example ", " concrete example " or " some examples " etc. means to be contained at least one embodiment of the present invention or example in conjunction with specific features, structure, material or the feature of this embodiment or example description.In this manual, the schematic statement of above-mentioned term is not necessarily referred to identical embodiment or example.And the specific features of description, structure, material or feature can be with suitable mode combinations in any one or more embodiment or example.
Although illustrated and described embodiments of the invention, those having ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: in the situation that not departing from principle of the present invention and aim, can carry out multiple variation, modification, replacement and modification to these embodiment, scope of the present invention is limited by claim and equivalent thereof.
Claims (25)
1. for thering is a forming method for the fitting structure of ozzle boss, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
S1, on pipe, construct Yi Ge plastic flow district, material volume in the length range in described plastic flow district is more than or equal to the volume of ozzle boss to be formed, and the outer setting outer mold in the plastic flow district of described pipe, further comprising the steps in described step S1:
S11, on described pipe, predetermined ozzle boss place to be formed forms pre-manufactured hole;
In S12, described pre-manufactured hole, put into plug, in the tube chamber vertically in described pipe, put into mandrel, and the outside of described pre-manufactured hole is provided with the extrusion die with at least one boss die cavity and retrains;
S2, the plastic flow district from the two ends of described pipe to described pipe apply axial upsetting squeeze power so that the material in the plastic flow district of described pipe is displaced sideways to form ozzle boss.
2. forming method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described plug axially can be located in described pre-manufactured hole by floating ground along described pre-manufactured hole.
3. forming method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described plug and described extrusion die are integrally formed.
4. forming method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described plug, described extrusion die and described outer mold are integrally formed.
5. forming method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described plug is connected with described mandrel.
6. forming method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described plug is connected by screw thread or dovetail groove with described mandrel.
7. forming method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the top of the boss die cavity of described extrusion die is closed.
8. forming method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the top of the boss die cavity of described extrusion die is opened wide.
9. according to the forming method described in claim 7 or 8, it is characterized in that, the boss die cavity of described extrusion die is straight barrel type cylindrical, step cylindrical or taper.
10. according to the forming method described in any one in claim 1-9, it is characterized in that, further comprising the steps in described step S2:
S21, at the two ends of described pipe, by firm end, apply axial upsetting squeeze power respectively.
11. forming methods according to claim 10, is characterized in that, two of described pipe just in end one of them static and another speed with V1 move, and described outer mold moves in the same way with speed and the V1 of extrusion die while with Vm=V1/2.
12. forming methods according to claim 10, is characterized in that, just end is respectively with the speed synchronous relative motion of V1, V2 for two of described pipe, and wherein V1=V2, and described outer mold and extrusion die are static.
13. forming methods according to claim 12, it is characterized in that, just end is respectively with the asynchronous move toward one another of speed of V1, V2 for two of described pipe, and wherein V1=V2, and described outer mold and extrusion die move to guarantee that with the speed of Vm described ozzle boss forming is symmetrical.
14. forming methods according to claim 10, is characterized in that, described firm end is firm terminal mould and the two ends that are located at respectively described pipe.
15. forming methods according to claim 10, is characterized in that, described firm end is formed by the two ends of described pipe respectively.
16. forming methods according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step S12, also comprise:
S121, the upsetting pressure mould equating with ozzle boss wall thickness to be formed at wall thickness of boss die cavity place's affix of described extrusion die, described upsetting pressure mould is servo-actuatedly mobile along with the rising of ozzle boss blank in upsetting squeeze process, on this mould, can exert pressure according to predetermined loading curve, so that described ozzle boss extrusion molding simultaneously.
17. forming methods according to claim 10, is characterized in that, after step S21, also comprise:
After S22, described ozzle boss are shaped, upsetting pressure is carried out on the ozzle boss top after using upsetting pressure mould that a wall thickness equates with ozzle boss wall thickness to described shaping.
18. forming methods according to claim 10, is characterized in that, after step S2, also comprise:
After S3, described ozzle boss are shaped, uses a wall thickness be less than the second extrusion die with ozzle wall thickness to the backward extrusion of described ozzle boss the boss with formation step.
19. forming methods according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described plastically deforming area comprises whole length ranges of described pipe.
20. forming methods according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described plastically deforming area comprises the partial-length scope of described pipe.
21. according to the forming method described in claim 19 or 20, it is characterized in that, described plastically deforming area is by heating of pipe blank is formed to its malleable temperature.
22. forming methods according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described pipe is seamless pipe, by extruding, rolling or casting processing and manufacturing, are formed.
23. forming methods according to claim 22, is characterized in that, pipe is carbon steel or steel alloy.
24. forming methods according to claim 22, is characterized in that, pipe is aluminium or copper material.
25. 1 kinds for having the shaped device of the fitting structure of ozzle boss, adopts and according to the forming method described in any one in claim 1-24, pipe is formed, and it is characterized in that, comprising:
Plug, described plug is located in the pre-manufactured hole of described pipe, and wherein said pre-manufactured hole is formed on predetermined ozzle boss place to be formed in the plastic flow district of described pipe;
Mandrel, described mandrel is located in the tube chamber vertically in described pipe;
Extrusion die, described extrusion die is located at the outside of described pre-manufactured hole; With
Outer mold, described outer mold comprises the first and second die cavity piecemeals, and described the first and second die cavity piecemeals coordinate to limit die cavity, and described plug, mandrel and extrusion die are all located in described die cavity.
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| CN103286153A (en) * | 2013-06-18 | 2013-09-11 | 中兴能源装备股份有限公司 | Manufacture method of ultra-large-diameter pipeline extruded nozzles |
| CN104972052A (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2015-10-14 | 四川工程职业技术学院 | Forging method for pipe nozzle bosses of nuclear power main pipeline blank |
| CN106903179B (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2019-05-10 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of uniaxial device and method for squeezing two-tube mouth and shaping simultaneously |
| CN108705023B (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2020-09-01 | 二重（德阳）重型装备有限公司 | Profiling forging process for integrated pipe joint section forge piece |
| CN112846057B (en) * | 2021-02-20 | 2022-06-21 | 中国第一重型机械股份公司 | Integral profiling extrusion method for thin-wall pipeline with multiple nozzles |
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| CN1167890A (en) * | 1996-04-18 | 1997-12-17 | 株式会社日立制作所 | Three-way pipe, method of manufacturing same and air conditioner using same |
| CN101767172A (en) * | 2009-12-31 | 2010-07-07 | 武汉重工铸锻有限责任公司 | Hot extrusion molding method for pipe nozzle of main steam super pipeline |
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| GB1104272A (en) * | 1965-09-22 | 1968-02-21 | Alfred Clay Arbogast | Method and means for making wrought metal fittings |
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