CN102916680A - Repetition frequency voltage-multiplying square-wave generator based on magnetic switch - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a repetition frequency voltage-multiplying square-wave generator based on a magnetic switch. The repletion frequency voltage-multiplying square-wave generator comprises an adjustable pulse source, a magnetic pulse compressor circuit, a square-wave voltage multiplying Marx generator and a matched load. The square-wave generator is connected behind a main capacitor or pulse transformer in a cascading manner, is subjected to parallel charging to various stages of pulse forming lines, and then subjected to series discharging to the matched load so as to obtain output square-wave pulse, and therefore purposes of voltage multiplying, high-repetition frequency and rising edge compression are achieved. The magnetic switch serves as a pulse forming switch and substitutes for a conventional gas switch. Due to the fact that the magnetic switch has no problems of electrode erosion and insulation restoration, the generator can run at high-repetition frequency. In the following embodiment, the square-wave source can reach the repetition working frequency over 20 kHz which is much higher than the 100Hz-level repetition working frequency of a conventional square-wave source based on the pulse forming lines. In addition, the magnetic switch also has an effect of sharpening rising edges of square waves.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the pulse square wave-generator technical field, relate to a kind of multiplication of voltage square-wave generator of the repetition rate based on magnetic switch.
Background technology
The square-wave pulse power source is owing to the urgent application demand in the fields such as civilian industry, environmental protection, medical research and national defense and military welcomes the development peak period, and to power level, rise time, particularly the repeated work frequency has all proposed stricter requirement.Tradition is difficult to obtain high repetition frequency with the square wave source of pulse forming line as the pulse shaping element, realizes at most 100H order of magnitude repetition rate.
Document 1(Harjes H, Reed K, Buttram M, et al.The Repetitive High Energy Pulsed PowerModule[C], 19th International Power Modulator Symposium, 1990.) the pulse square wave source based on pulse forming line has been proposed.RHEPP (the Repetitive High Energy Pulsed Power) device of U.S. Sandia National Laboratory development, using 5 grades of magnetic pulse compressors to obtain potential pulse charges to pulse forming line, produce voltage peak 2.5MV after the voltage stack, the pulse of width 60ns, pulse energy are 3kJ.Its repetition rate can reach 120Hz.
Document 2(poplar is real, Meng Zhipeng, clock is brilliant, Yang Hanwu, Qian Baoliang. super-low impedance, the convoluted banded pulse forming line of all solid stateization. Applied Physics, 2010,1 (2): 195-200.) be the designed long pulse based on magnetic switch and strip line of doctor Yang Shi of graduate school of the Chinese National University of Defense technology, the super-low impedance pulse generator, by characteristic impedance 0.5 Ω, electrical length 115ns, the banded pulse forming line of the solid state take the DMD film as dielectric has obtained voltage 17.8kV at matched load, and pulsewidth (FWHM) is 270ns, rising edge is the quasi-square wave pulse of 20ns approximately, but system's stable operation under the 10Hz repetition.
Above-mentioned take the PFL(pulse forming line) be the square-wave pulse generating means of critical component, its pulse forming switch mostly is gas switch, and the repeated work frequency is up to the 100Hz order of magnitude, is difficult to adapt to the growth requirement of current industrial.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of multiplication of voltage square-wave generator of the repetition rate based on magnetic switch, this generator can move under high repetition frequency, the square-wave pulse of output multiplication of voltage, high repetition frequency.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of multiplication of voltage square-wave generator of the repetition rate based on magnetic switch comprises adjustable clock, magnetic pulse compression circuit, square wave multiplication of voltage Marx generator and matched load; Magnetic pulse compression circuit is after adjustable clock charging, and to square wave multiplication of voltage Marx generator charged in parallel, discharged in series to matched load obtained the output square-wave pulse after the charging of square wave multiplication of voltage Marx generator was finished;
Magnetic pulse compression circuit comprises and the capacitor C of adjustable clock parallel connection and the magnetic switch MS that connects with square wave multiplication of voltage Marx generator, and capacitor C is charged to peak value u by adjustable clock
0The time, magnetic switch MS saturation conduction, capacitor C is charged to square wave multiplication of voltage Marx generator by the pulsactor of magnetic switch MS;
Square wave multiplication of voltage Marx generator comprises N level charge/discharge unit, every grade of charge/discharge unit comprise a PFL, a pair of coupling inductance to a magnetic switch MS, PFL is connected in PFL to being connected into circuit and coupling inductance to being the Same Name of Ends mode by coupling inductance, magnetic switch MS connects screen and the core of adjacent level PFL, with coupling inductance to being connected in same end or the heterodoxy of every grade of PFL; In when charging, coupling inductance is to carrying out charged in parallel to N level PFL, charges to magnetic switch MS saturation conduction at different levels behind the peak value, and N level PFL discharged in series is to matched load.
Described magnetic pulse compression circuit carries out charged in parallel by coupling inductance to N level PFL, the equiva lent impedance Z of every grade of PFL
0, length l, velocity of wave propagation v parameter be all consistent, PFL charges to behind the peak value simultaneously saturation conductions of magnetic switch MS at different levels, N level PFL series connection is discharged to matched load; Every one-level PFL produces at matched load by wave process
Times charging voltage,
The square-wave pulse of pulsewidth, stacks at different levels obtain
Times charging voltage,
The repeated frequency high-voltage square-wave pulse of pulsewidth.
Described square wave multiplication of voltage Marx generator is for forming line style Marx generator, comprise N level charge/discharge unit, N level PFL charged in parallel, screen, the core port of every grade the same end of PFL are connected into circuit by a pair of coupling inductance, and this coupling inductance is connected in PFL to being the Same Name of Ends mode; The relevant parameter that every grade PFL and coupling inductance are right is identical, and the coupling inductance Same Name of Ends direction of each side of N level PFL loop is consistent;
PFL at different levels close discharged in series by magnetic switch MS, and the charging current of n+1 level PFL flows into end and links to each other with the charging current outflow end of n level PFL by magnetic switch MS, and magnetic switch MS at different levels have identical parameters and are coupled in same magnetic core; The line skin of N level PFL is connected to matched load.
One of the parallel connection of the charging current outflow end of the magnetic switch MS of described adjacent charge/discharge unit flows to identical diode with charging current.
Described at the in parallel diode of final stage magnetic switch MS with the charging current outflow end of chopped-off head magnetic switch MS.
Described square wave multiplication of voltage Marx generator discharges and recharges port isolated form Marx generator for forming line, comprise N level charge/discharge unit, N level PFL charged in parallel, the screen of every grade of PFL head end, core port are connected into circuit by a pair of coupling inductance, and this coupling inductance is connected in PFL to being the Same Name of Ends mode, the relevant parameter that every grade PFL and coupling inductance are right is identical, and the coupling inductance Same Name of Ends direction of each side of N level PFL loop is consistent;
PFL at different levels close discharged in series by magnetic switch MS, the tail end core of n+1 level PFL is by the skin-deep company of tail wire of magnetic switch MS and n level PFL, the core of the PFL of the first order is connected to ground by magnetic switch MS, and magnetic switch MS at different levels have identical parameters and are coupled in same magnetic core; The line skin of N level PFL is connected to matched load.
The clock that described adjustable clock is frequency, pulsewidth is adjustable.
Described magnetic switch MS adopts a plurality of magnetic cores mode stacked and the winding wire to consist of, regulate the parameter of magnetic switch by changing number of turns and magnetic switch number: voltagesecond product α, be that magnetic core is saturated to the added value of magnetic flux chain the forward saturation history from negative sense, thereby control the saturation time of magnetic switch under the certain voltage.Because its equivalent inductance value of the saturated front and back of magnetic switch undergos mutation, can be with two terminals of magnetic switch in saturated forward sight for disconnecting, for connecting, produce the operating characteristic of similar switch at saturated backsight, thereby magnetic switch makes PFL discharged in series at different levels after saturated.
Load that square-wave pulse generator connects based on PFL is matched load NZ
0, N is progression, Z
0Characteristic impedance for PFL.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following useful technique effect:
The multiplication of voltage square-wave generator of the repetition rate based on magnetic switch provided by the invention utilizes coupling inductance charging and isolation, and magnetic switch is pulse forming switch, and pulse forming line is the square wave multiplication of voltage Marx generator of the high repetition frequency of square wave generating device.By coupling inductance N level PFL is carried out charged in parallel, require the Z of every grade of PFL
0, l, v parameter be all consistent, charges to behind the peak value simultaneously saturation conductions of magnetic switches at different levels;
N level PFL series connection is to matched load NZ0 discharge, and every one-level PFL produces at matched load by wave process
Times charging voltage,
The square-wave pulse of pulsewidth, thus stack at different levels obtains
Times charging voltage,
The repeated frequency high-voltage square-wave pulse of pulsewidth.
The multiplication of voltage square-wave generator of the repetition rate based on magnetic switch provided by the invention, pulse forming switch is magnetic switch (satiable inductor), replaced traditional gas switch, the problem that does not have electrode erosion and insulation recovery in view of magnetic switch, thereby so that this circuit can move under high repetition frequency, this square wave source can reach the above repeated work frequency of 20kHz in the aftermentioned example, is higher than tradition far away based on the 100Hz magnitude repeated work frequency of pulse forming line square wave source.The use of magnetic switch has also produced the effect of steepness square wave rising edge.
The multiplication of voltage square-wave generator of the repetition rate based on magnetic switch provided by the invention has adopted the structure of coupling inductance isolated form Marx generator, has guaranteed quick charge, has reduced the voltagesecond product requirement to satiable inductor.
The multiplication of voltage square-wave generator of the repetition rate based on magnetic switch provided by the invention, but realized the square-wave pulse generating function of multiplication of voltage.As long as input power is repetition rate, just can allow the multiplication of voltage square-wave generator work in the repetition rate state.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the circuit structure diagram based on the multiplication of voltage square-wave generator (secondary) of the repetition rate of magnetic switch.
Fig. 2 is that secondary is based on the circuit topology figure of the formation line style typical case Marx generator of magnetic switch.
Fig. 3 is the experimental voltage oscillogram based on the multiplication of voltage square-wave generator (secondary) of the repetition rate of magnetic switch.
Fig. 4 be based on the multiplication of voltage square-wave generator (secondary) of the repetition rate of magnetic switch the emulation voltage oscillogram.
Fig. 5 is that secondary discharges and recharges port isolated form Marx generator circuit topological diagram based on magnetic switch formation line.
Fig. 6 is that secondary is based on the formation line style Marx generator circuit topological diagram of magnetic switch charged in parallel.
Fig. 7-1～7-2 is that secondary is based on the formation line style Marx generator circuit topological diagram of magnetic switch charged in parallel diode current limliting.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and the explanation of the invention is not limited.
The invention provides a kind of multiplication of voltage square-wave generator of the repetition rate based on magnetic switch, this square-wave generator cascade is after main capacitance or pulse transformer, behind pulse forming line charged in parallels at different levels, discharged in series to matched load obtains the output square-wave pulse, to reach the purpose of multiplication of voltage, high repetition frequency, compression rising edge.
A kind of multiplication of voltage square-wave generator of the repetition rate based on magnetic switch comprises adjustable clock, magnetic pulse compression circuit, square wave multiplication of voltage Marx generator and matched load; Magnetic pulse compression circuit is after adjustable clock charging, and to square wave multiplication of voltage Marx generator charged in parallel, discharged in series to matched load obtained the output square-wave pulse after the charging of square wave multiplication of voltage Marx generator was finished;
Magnetic pulse compression circuit comprises and the capacitor C of adjustable clock parallel connection and the magnetic switch MS that connects with square wave multiplication of voltage Marx generator, and capacitor C is charged to peak value u by adjustable clock
0The time, magnetic switch MS saturation conduction, capacitor C is charged to square wave multiplication of voltage Marx generator by the pulsactor of magnetic switch MS;
Square wave multiplication of voltage Marx generator comprises N level charge/discharge unit, every grade of charge/discharge unit comprises a PFL(pulse forming line), a pair of coupling inductance to a magnetic switch MS, PFL is connected in PFL to being connected into circuit and coupling inductance to being the Same Name of Ends mode by coupling inductance, magnetic switch MS connects screen and the core of adjacent level PFL, with coupling inductance to being connected in same end or the heterodoxy of every grade of PFL; In when charging, coupling inductance is to carrying out charged in parallel to N level PFL, charges to magnetic switch MS saturation conduction at different levels behind the peak value, and N level PFL discharged in series is to matched load.
Magnetic switch MS adopts a plurality of magnetic cores mode stacked and the winding wire to consist of, regulate the parameter of magnetic switch by changing number of turns and magnetic switch number: voltagesecond product α, be that magnetic core is saturated to the added value of magnetic flux chain the forward saturation history from negative sense, thereby control the saturation time of magnetic switch under the certain voltage.Because its equivalent inductance value of the saturated front and back of magnetic switch undergos mutation, can be with two terminals of magnetic switch in saturated forward sight for disconnecting, for connecting, produce the operating characteristic of similar switch at saturated backsight, thereby magnetic switch makes PFL discharged in series at different levels after saturated.
Load that square-wave pulse generator connects based on PFL is matched load NZ
0, N is progression, Z
0Characteristic impedance for PFL.
Multiplication of voltage square wave based on the multiplication of voltage square-wave generator of the repetition rate of magnetic switch produces as follows:
By coupling inductance N level PFL is carried out charged in parallel, require the equiva lent impedance Z of every grade of PFL
0, length l, velocity of wave propagation v parameter be all consistent, charges to behind the peak value simultaneously saturation conductions of magnetic switches at different levels, N level PFL connects to matched load NZ
0Discharge, every one-level PFL produces at matched load by wave process
Times charging voltage,
The square-wave pulse of pulsewidth, thus stack at different levels obtains
Times charging voltage,
The repeated frequency high-voltage square-wave pulse of pulsewidth.
Concrete utilizes the coupling inductance charging and isolates, and magnetic switch is pulse forming switch, and pulse forming line is the square wave multiplication of voltage Marx generator of the high repetition frequency of square wave generating device.Because coupling inductance, magnetic switch are different from the method for attachment of formation line, this Marx generator has various topological structures, enumerates some typical circuit topological structures as follows.
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, the formation line style typical case Marx generator based on magnetic switch comprises the adjustable clock of frequency pulsewidth; Magnetic pulse compression circuit; Formation line style Marx generator based on magnetic switch; Four parts of matched load, wherein the structure of line style Marx generator is:
N level PFL charged in parallel, the screen (skin) of every one-level PFL one end, core port all are connected into circuit by a pair of coupling inductance, and this coupling inductance is connected in PFL to being the Same Name of Ends mode, the relevant parameter that N level PFL and coupling inductance thereof are right should be identical, and the coupling inductance Same Name of Ends direction of each side of N level PFL loop should be consistent.PFL at different levels by the method for attachment of magnetic switch discharged in series are: the charging current of n+1 level PFL flows into end and links to each other with the charging current outflow end of n level PFL by satiable inductor (magnetic switch), and satiable inductors at different levels should have identical parameters and be coupled in same magnetic core.The line skin of N level PFL is connected to matched load.
Work as C
1Charged to peak value u by front stage circuits
0The time, magnetic switch MS
1Saturation conduction, subsequently C
1Pass through MS
1Pulsactor begin to the resonant charging of Marx generator.Recharge here the stage, the electric current summation of the coupling inductance of Marx generator is 0, thereby guarantees that it can be considered short circuit.Therefore, the Marx generator is equivalent to two PFL parallel connections, obtains good charging consistency.
Work as PFL
1With PFL
2Parallel resonance charges to peak value u
0The time, magnetic switch MS
2With MS
3Saturation conduction, PFL
1With PFL
2Discharged in series is to matched load Z rapidly
L(Z
LEqual 2Z
0), this moment, coupling inductance played the inter-stage buffer action.Every one-level PFL forms amplitude by wave process at matched load
Times charging voltage u
0,
The square-wave pulse of pulsewidth, thus the two-stage stack obtains amplitude u
0,
The repeated frequency high-voltage square-wave pulse of pulsewidth, thus realize the target that multiplication of voltage, high repetition frequency, square-wave pulse are exported.
The pulse forming line PFL that experiment is chosen
1-PFL
2Be SYV series radio frequency coaxial-cable, model is 5-3-1, and wave impedance is 75 Ω, and length is 95 meters, pulse output that clock produces amplitude 300V, pulsewidth 4 μ s that the frequency pulsewidth is adjustable, and matched load is 150 Ω resistance.
Figure 3 shows that experimental waveform, visible PFL
1-PFL
2The charging consistency keeps better, PFL
1-PFL
2When charging to peak value 320V, magnetic switch MS
2-MS
3Saturation conduction, PFL discharged in series to matched load form the square-wave waveform that square wave has produced 380V, pulse halfwidth 800ns, rising edge 330ns, realize good multiplication of voltage.
Fig. 4 is Pspice software emulation gained waveform, and PFL charges to peak value 440V, and the magnetic switch saturation conduction produces amplitude 480V on the matched load, and rising edge is 170ns approximately, and pulse duration is the square wave of 950ns approximately, has verified good multiplication of voltage and square wave occurrence features thereof.
Embodiment 2
Figure 5 shows that secondary forms line and discharges and recharges port isolated form Marx generator circuit topological diagram, compare based on the circuit topological structure of the formation line style Marx generator of magnetic switch with secondary, change the method for attachment of magnetic switch: PFL
5With PFL
6Head end is connected into circuit by coupling inductance, and tail end passes through the connection discharged in series of magnetic switch to matched load.
The connection of tail end magnetic switch is: the core of chopped-off head PFL tail end is by MS7 ground connection, and n level PFL tail wire skin is connected to n+1 level PFL tail end core by magnetic switch.The charging process coupling inductance presents small inductor and is equivalent to short circuit, and magnetic switch presents large inductance and is equivalent to open circuit, and the Marx generator is equivalent to the PFL parallel connection, obtains good charging consistency.
Secondary forms the advantage that line discharges and recharges port isolated form Marx generator and is, the voltage fluctuation of discharged in series moment PFL head end needed through a transmission time
Wave process just transfer to the tail end of discharge, can improve the rising edge at matched load output square wave, thereby obtain higher-quality square-wave pulse.
Embodiment 3
Figure 6 shows that secondary magnetic switch charged in parallel type Marx generator circuit topological diagram, compare based on the circuit topological structure of the formation line style Marx generator of magnetic switch with secondary, exchanged the position of magnetic switch and PFL.By coupling inductance to magnetic switch MS
10-MS
12Carry out charged in parallel.
The advantage of secondary magnetic switch charged in parallel type Marx generator is, original circuit topological structure is as magnetic switch MS
10-MS
12Impedance and PFL
9-PFL
10When impedance phase is smaller, MS in the charging process
10-MS
12Can flow through larger electric current, cause the electric current that flows through each coupling inductance different, thereby magnetic flux be uneven, PFL
9-PFL
10Charging consistency variation.The described topological structure of Fig. 6 will improve the magnetic flux balance of coupling inductance when magnetic switch flows through larger electric current, thus the rising edge of steepness output square wave.
Secondary magnetic switch charged in parallel diode current-limiting type Marx generator shown in Figure 6 can be when discharged in series, the precharge phenomenon appears at matched load, characteristic that can be by the diode limits reverse circulated is to improve waveform, thereby form the formation line style Marx generator of the secondary magnetic switch charged in parallel diode current limliting shown in accompanying drawing 7-1, Fig. 7-2, diode will reduce prepulsing and obtain more high-quality square-wave pulse.
Claims (9)
1. the multiplication of voltage square-wave generator based on the repetition rate of magnetic switch is characterized in that, comprises adjustable clock, magnetic pulse compression circuit, square wave multiplication of voltage Marx generator and matched load; Magnetic pulse compression circuit is after adjustable clock charging, and to square wave multiplication of voltage Marx generator charged in parallel, discharged in series to matched load obtained the output square-wave pulse after the charging of square wave multiplication of voltage Marx generator was finished;
Magnetic pulse compression circuit comprises and the capacitor C of adjustable clock parallel connection and the magnetic switch MS that connects with square wave multiplication of voltage Marx generator, and capacitor C is charged to peak value u by adjustable clock
0The time, magnetic switch MS saturation conduction, capacitor C is charged to square wave multiplication of voltage Marx generator by the pulsactor of magnetic switch MS;
Square wave multiplication of voltage Marx generator comprises N level charge/discharge unit, every grade of charge/discharge unit comprise a PFL, a pair of coupling inductance to a magnetic switch, PFL is connected in PFL to being connected into circuit and coupling inductance to being the Same Name of Ends mode by coupling inductance, magnetic switch MS connects screen and the core of adjacent level PFL, with coupling inductance to being connected in same end or the heterodoxy of every grade of PFL; In when charging, coupling inductance is to carrying out charged in parallel to N level PFL, charges to magnetic switch MS saturation conduction at different levels behind the peak value, and N level PFL discharged in series is to matched load.
2. the multiplication of voltage square-wave generator of the repetition rate based on magnetic switch as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, magnetic pulse compression circuit carries out charged in parallel by coupling inductance to N level PFL, the equiva lent impedance Z of every grade of PFL
0, length l, velocity of wave propagation v parameter be all consistent, PFL charges to behind the peak value simultaneously saturation conductions of magnetic switch MS at different levels, N level PFL series connection is discharged to matched load; Every one-level PFL produces at matched load by wave process
Times charging voltage,
The square-wave pulse of pulsewidth, stacks at different levels obtain
Times charging voltage,
The repeated frequency high-voltage square-wave pulse of pulsewidth.
3. the multiplication of voltage square-wave generator of the repetition rate based on magnetic switch as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described square wave multiplication of voltage Marx generator is for forming line style Marx generator, comprise N level charge/discharge unit, N level PFL charged in parallel, screen, the core port of every grade the same end of PFL are connected into circuit by a pair of coupling inductance, and this coupling inductance is connected in PFL to being the Same Name of Ends mode; The relevant parameter that every grade PFL and coupling inductance are right is identical, and the coupling inductance Same Name of Ends direction of each side of N level PFL loop is consistent;
PFL at different levels are by magnetic switch MS discharged in series, and the charging current of n+1 level PFL flows into end and links to each other with the charging current outflow end of n level PFL by magnetic switch MS, and magnetic switch MS at different levels have identical parameters and are coupled in same magnetic core; The line skin of N level PFL is connected to matched load.
4. the multiplication of voltage square-wave generator of the repetition rate based on magnetic switch as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, one of the parallel connection of the charging current outflow end of the magnetic switch MS of adjacent charge/discharge unit flows to identical diode with charging current.
5. the multiplication of voltage square-wave generator of the repetition rate based on magnetic switch as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, at the in parallel diode of final stage magnetic switch MS with the charging current outflow end of chopped-off head magnetic switch MS.
6. the multiplication of voltage square-wave generator of the repetition rate based on magnetic switch as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described square wave multiplication of voltage Marx generator discharges and recharges port isolated form Marx generator for forming line, comprise N level charge/discharge unit, N level PFL charged in parallel, the screen of every grade of PFL head end, core port are connected into circuit by a pair of coupling inductance, and this coupling inductance is connected in PFL to being the Same Name of Ends mode, the relevant parameter that every grade PFL and coupling inductance are right is identical, and the coupling inductance Same Name of Ends direction of each side of N level PFL loop is consistent;
PFL at different levels are by the magnetic switch discharged in series, the tail end core of N+1 level PFL is by the skin-deep company of tail wire of magnetic switch MS and N level PFL, the core of the PFL of the first order is connected to ground by magnetic switch MS, and magnetic switch MS at different levels have identical parameters and are coupled in same magnetic core; The line skin of N level PFL is connected to matched load.
7. the multiplication of voltage square-wave generator of the repetition rate based on magnetic switch as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the clock that described adjustable clock is frequency, pulsewidth is adjustable.
8. the multiplication of voltage square-wave generator of the repetition rate based on magnetic switch as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, magnetic switch MS adopts a plurality of magnetic cores mode stacked and the winding wire to consist of, regulate the parameter of magnetic switch by changing number of turns and magnetic switch number: voltagesecond product α, be that magnetic core is saturated to the added value of magnetic flux chain the forward saturation history from negative sense, thereby control the saturation time of magnetic switch under the certain voltage.
9. the multiplication of voltage square-wave generator of the repetition rate based on magnetic switch as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, is matched load NZ based on the load that square-wave pulse generator connects of PFL
0, N is progression, Z
0Characteristic impedance for PFL.
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