CN102907264B - Method for raising watermelon seedlings by dual-root-cutting grafting - Google Patents
Method for raising watermelon seedlings by dual-root-cutting grafting Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for raising watermelon seedlings by dual-root-cutting grafting. The method mainly takes calabash as a stock and uses a dual root cutting technique and a cutting method to graft watermelon seedlings, and is applicable to areas in middle and lower reaches of Changjiang River. The method mainly comprises the steps of stock seeding, scion seedling, root-cutting grafting, management of root-cutting grafting seedlings, and the like. According to the technique for raising seedlings by dual-root-cutting grafting, the quality of commercial grafted seedlings can be effectively improved, the labor efficiency as well as the yield and quality of watermelons is improved, the production cost is lowered, and the method is a technique for raising the watermelon seedlings by grafting, which is worthy of popularization and capable of replacing traditional grafting methods.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to watermelon seedling culturing method, relate in particular to a kind of watermelon double break root graft seedling-cultivating method.
Background technology
Watermelon (Citru11us lanatus Mansfel days) is the annual climing property herbaceous plant of Curcurbitaceae Citrullus, is the fruit type vegetables of worldwide popular consumption, in world's horticulture, occupies critical role.Cultivating watermelon has a long history in China, 2,220,000 hectares of year sowing areas of China's watermelon, and 5,386 ten thousand tons of annual productions, account for 60% of world's cultivating watermelon area and gross yield, and sowing area and output all occupy first place in the world.In recent years along with the develop rapidly of facilities horticulture, watermelon facility cultivation area expands year by year, but because cropping index is high, the reason such as apply fertilizer unreasonable, in facility, soil salinization phenomenon is on the rise, the yield of watermelon and quality decline year by year, have become the critical limitation factor of restriction facility watermelon healthy and sustainable development.In watermelon is produced, because melon grower's land used is limited, watermelon is planted every year, continuous cropping is hindered, soil-borne disease occurs serious, directly cause the decline of the yield of watermelon and quality, have a strong impact on the development of watermelon industry, so watermelon graft seedling growth technology is arisen at the historic moment, graft technology utilization be the root of stock, well developed root system, inhale fertile water absorbing capacity strong, tolerance to low temperature and weak light, strong stress resistance is high resistance watermelon soil-borne disease-fusarium wilt particularly, for the soil salinization in reply facility, continuous cropping is hindered, the problems such as fusarium wilt harm, grafting and root-changing has important theory and practice meaning for the sustainable development of facility watermelon.
The method of plant propagation with cutting is a kind of traditional watermelon grafting method, and the method retains the original root system of stock, in factorial seedling growth is produced, has some problems, as: stock is emerged uneven, and grafting is time-consuming takes a lot of work, and commercial seedling form is inconsistent, and production cost is high.
Summary of the invention
The object of the embodiment of the present invention is to provide a kind of watermelon double break root graft seedling-cultivating method, by the innovation to traditional graft technology, removed the former root system of stock, in graft union, induction stock produces new root, and new root system is more flourishing, and resistance is also stronger, thereby effectively improve the quality of grafting commercial seedling, and reach the object of volume increase.
The embodiment of the present invention is achieved in that a kind of watermelon double break root graft seedling-cultivating method, and this watermelon double break root graft seedling-cultivating method comprises the following steps:
Stock sowing: before sowing, seedling medium is fully mixed thoroughly in every cube of ratio that adds 0.5kg50% powder of carbendazim, be covered with that plastic foil is vexed to be put 3 days, proposing sabot the previous day (45cm * 45cm square position) waters permeable, seed first shines 2-3 days, broadcast the front water seed soaking of using 55-60 ℃, during seed soaking, to constantly stir until drop to 30 ℃, more than soaking 16h again after naturally cooling, then clean 2-3 time; Wrap wet cloth and wrap again one deck wet towel, put into insulating box, at 28-30 ℃, vernalization needs to supplement moisture content therebetween, after 2-3 days, pick the seed of germination, press line-spacing 5cm spacing in the rows 1.5-2cm sowing, seed keeps flat, and seed direction is consistent, and 1 dish is sowing 220-230 grain approximately. and the sowing time is generally arranged in the front 15-20 days of grafting;
The sowing of scion: the same stock of method for treating seeds.After water temperature is naturally cooling, to clean 2-3 time, after immersion 6-8h, clean again 3-4 time, with wet cloth outsourcing one deck wet towel vernalization in the insulating box of 28-30 ℃ again; The scion sowing time is generally at stock 14-16 days after planting.
Before sowing, the special-purpose seedling medium of scion being added to 0.5kg50% carbendazim by every side fully mixes thoroughly, be covered with the vexed 3d of putting of plastic foil, sow the previous day, matrix is evenly laid on electric heating seedbed, the about 5cm of laying depth, watering the water of revealing the exact details. seed is evenly sowed in seedbed after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally and germinateing, and broadcasts the about 1-1.5cm of bonnet seed thickness, and before germinateing, temperature controller is transferred to 28 ℃
Root pruning and grafting: stock is 15-18 days after planting, the straight neck phase of scion is 4-5 days after planting in electric heating seedbed, gets final product grafting; Grafting front 32 or 50 cave seedling dishes install cutting medium and fitly arrange and be placed in electric heating seedbed, water permeable the previous day; Stock, in bud picking the previous day, sprays 800 times of carbendazols after grafting, the preheating in a hour in advance of electric heating seedbed;
Grafting method: stock (generally adopting cucurbit) growing point is carried to the previous day and erased from base portion, grafting same day, from 5-6cm even breaks under cotyledon, tiltedly the about 0.5cm of stamp is dark by bamboo let incision above stock, along cotyledon line direction, to become miter angle afterwards, until hypocotyl stamp is led to a little. after scion seedling is extracted in advance, in the basin that 1000 times of 50% carbendazim solution is housed, embathe 2 times. during grafting, take out scion seedling, , hypocotyl stays 1.5cm～2.0cm, with the blade cutter of splaying, extract rapidly the bamboo let in stock, to cut scion hypocotyl in the slope enters in stock by bamboo let direction of insertion oblique cutting exactly, make it just to coincide with stock otch, and scion cotyledon direction and stock cotyledon across are intersected.
During cuttage, with card punch, punch, the seedling grafting is inserted in matrix, cuttage degree of depth 3cm left and right
Further, the management method of root pruning and grafting seedling is:
(1) survive period management
1. temperature treatment: after grafting, 3 days temperature requirements are higher, evening on 26-28 ℃ of daytime 22-24 ℃, temperature is aeration-cooling during higher than 32 ℃, within later several days, according to wound healing situation, temperature is suitably reduced to 2-3 ℃ and enters normal management in seedling stage after .8-10 days;
2. moisture management: after grafting, the first two day requires humidity more than 95%, wants spray humidification during low humidity, and blade face can not ponding.Along with ventilation time lengthens, humidity drops to 85% left and right gradually.After 7 days, according to healing state, approach conventional seedling moisture management;
3. illumination: want sunshade for after grafting 2 days, sooner or later see natural daylight in later several days, optionally lengthen and see between the light time gradually in management, can allow slight wilting.8-10 days, can remove sunshade net completely;
4. ventilate: generally within after grafting two days, want airtight stuffy, while only having temperature higher than 32 ℃, just ventilate, within after grafting the 3rd day, start to ventilate, a small amount of ventilation sooner or later, strengthens ventilation and ventilation time gradually before this later, will spray water before giving wilting seedling epiphragma.After 8-10 days, enter normal management in seedling stage.
(2) survive rear management
1. rich water quality management: will suitably control water after surviving, be conducive to promote root system development.After surviving to 3-4 foliage fertilizer of foliage-spray before emerging;
2. except tiller: should be as soon as possible after grafting survival, except tiller (remove stock and sprout the lateral bud that), general 3-4 days are once repeated multiple timesly.
Further, special-purpose cutting medium formula is:
Formula: peat: vermiculite: Chinese medicine slag: perlite=4: 3: 3: 0.1;
Materialization property: this matrix unit weight 0.35, porosity 72%, the content of organic matter (in butt) 24/ (%), total nutrient 10 (N+P205+K20) content (in butt)/(%, nitrogen content (%) 1.17, potassium content (%) 3.12 phosphorus contents (%5.74), moisture 24% (free water), acid-base value (PH) 6.6, EC value 1.5.
Further, before sowing, seedling medium is fully mixed thoroughly in every cube of ratio that adds 0.5kg50% powder of carbendazim, be covered with that plastic foil is vexed to be put 3 days, proposing sabot the previous day (45cm * 45cm square position) waters permeable, seed first shines 2-3 days, broadcasts the front water seed soaking of using 55-60 ℃, will constantly stir until drop to 30 ℃ during seed soaking, naturally, more than soaking 16h again after cooling, then clean 2-3 time; Wrap wet cloth and wrap again one deck wet towel, put into insulating box, at 28-30 ℃, vernalization needs to supplement moisture content therebetween, after 2-3 days, pick the seed of germination, press line-spacing 5cm spacing in the rows 1.5-2cm sowing, seed keeps flat, and seed direction is consistent, and 1 dish is sowing 220-230 grain approximately. and the sowing time is generally arranged in the front 15-20 days of grafting;
Further, before sowing, special-purpose scion seedling medium is fully mixed thoroughly with carbendazim, be covered with that plastic foil is vexed to be put 3 days, sow the previous day, special-purpose scion seedling medium is evenly laid on electric heating seedbed, and the about 5cm of laying depth, waters the water of revealing the exact details. and seed is evenly sowed in seedbed after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally and germinateing, broadcast the about 1-1.5cm of bonnet seed thickness, before germinateing, temperature controller is transferred to 28 ℃
Further, the grafting method that described watermelon double break root graft seedling-cultivating method adopts is:
By stock, general employing cucurbit, growing point is carried the previous day and is erased from base portion, grafting same day is from 6-7cm even breaks under cotyledon, tiltedly the about 0.5cm of stamp is dark by bamboo let incision above stock, along cotyledon line direction, to become miter angle afterwards, until hypocotyl stamp is led to a little. after scion seedling is extracted in advance, with 1000 times of 50% carbendazim liquid sterilization. during grafting, take out scion seedling, hypocotyl stays 1.5cm～2.0cm, with the blade cutter of splaying, extract rapidly the bamboo let in stock, to cut scion hypocotyl in the slope enters in stock by bamboo let direction of insertion oblique cutting exactly, make it just to coincide with stock otch, and scion cotyledon direction and stock cotyledon across are intersected.
Further, cuttage dedicated substrate is selected in cuttage, packs into and in 50 caves dishes, waters permeable with card punch punching, the seedling grafting is inserted in special-purpose cutting medium afterwards, cuttage degree of depth 3cm left and right.
Further, the management method of root pruning and grafting seedling is:
(1) survive period management
1. temperature treatment: after grafting, 3 days temperature requirements are higher, evening on 26-28 ℃ of daytime 22-24 ℃, temperature is aeration-cooling during higher than 32 ℃, within later several days, according to wound healing situation, temperature is suitably reduced to 2-3 ℃ and enters normal management in seedling stage after .8-10 days;
2. moisture management: after grafting, the first two day requires humidity more than 95%, wants spray humidification during low humidity, and blade face can not ponding.Along with ventilation time lengthens, humidity drops to 85% left and right gradually.After 7 days, according to healing state, approach conventional seedling moisture management;
3. illumination: want sunshade for after grafting 2 days, sooner or later see natural daylight in later several days, optionally lengthen and see between the light time gradually in management, can allow slight wilting.8-10 days, can remove sunshade net completely;
4. ventilate: generally within after grafting two days, want airtight stuffy, while only having temperature higher than 32 ℃, just ventilate, within after grafting the 3rd day, start to ventilate, a small amount of ventilation sooner or later, strengthens ventilation and ventilation time gradually before this later, will spray water before giving wilting seedling epiphragma.After 8-10 days, enter normal management in seedling stage.
(2) survive rear management
1. rich water quality management: will suitably control water after surviving, be conducive to promote root system development.After surviving to 3-4 foliage fertilizer of foliage-spray before emerging;
2. except tiller: should be as soon as possible after grafting survival, except tiller (remove stock and sprout the lateral bud that), general 3-4 days are once repeated multiple timesly.
Double break root graft seedling growing process provided by the invention can improve the quality of grafting commercial seedling effectively, raises labour efficiency, and reduces production costs, and improves the yield of watermelon and quality, is the watermelon graft seedling growth technology of an alternative traditional grafting being worthy to be popularized.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the watermelon double break root graft seedling-cultivating method that provides of the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein, only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
1, stock sowing
The ratio that before sowing, seedling medium is added to 0.5kg powder of carbendazim in every side is fully mixed thoroughly, be covered with the vexed 3d of putting of plastic foil, proposing sabot the previous day (45cm * 45cm square position) waters permeable, seed first shines 2-3d, broadcast the front water seed soaking of using 55-60 ℃, during seed soaking, to constantly stir until drop to 30 ℃, more than soaking 16h again after naturally cooling, then clean 2-3 time.Wrap wet cloth and wrap again one deck wet towel, put into insulating box, at 28-30 ℃, vernalization needs to supplement moisture content therebetween, after 2-3d, pick the seed of germination, press line-spacing 5cm spacing in the rows 1.5-2cm sowing, seed keeps flat, and seed direction is consistent, and 1 dish is sowing 220-230 grain approximately. and the sowing time is generally arranged in the front 15-20d of grafting
2, the sowing of scion
The same stock of method for treating seeds.After water temperature is naturally cooling, to clean 2-3 time, after immersion 6-8h, clean again 3-4 time, with wet cloth outsourcing one deck wet towel vernalization in the insulating box of 28-30 ℃ again.
The scion sowing time is generally at stock 14-16 days after planting.
Before sowing, special-purpose scion seedling medium is fully mixed thoroughly with carbendazim, be covered with the vexed 3d of putting of plastic foil, sow the previous day, special-purpose scion seedling medium is evenly laid on electric heating seedbed, the about 5cm of laying depth, watering the water of revealing the exact details. seed is evenly sowed in seedbed after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally and germinateing, and broadcasts the about 1-1.5cm of bonnet seed thickness, and before germinateing, temperature controller is transferred to 28 ℃
3, root pruning and grafting
Stock is 15-18d after planting, and the straight neck phase of scion is 4-5d after planting in electric heating seedbed, gets final product grafting.Grafting front 32 or 50 cave seedling dishes install cutting medium and fitly arrange and be placed in electric heating seedbed, water permeable the previous day.Stock, in bud picking the previous day, sprays 800 times of carbendazols after grafting, the preheating in a hour in advance of electric heating seedbed.
Grafting method: stock (generally adopting cucurbit) growing point is carried to the previous day and erased from base portion, grafting same day is from 6-7cm even breaks under cotyledon, tiltedly the about 0.5cm of stamp is dark by bamboo let incision above stock, along cotyledon line direction, to become miter angle afterwards, until hypocotyl stamp is led to a little. after scion seedling is extracted in advance, with 1000 times of 50% carbendazim liquid sterilization. during grafting, take out scion seedling, , hypocotyl stays 1.5cm～2.0cm, with the blade cutter of splaying, extract rapidly the bamboo let in stock, to cut scion hypocotyl in the slope enters in stock by bamboo let direction of insertion oblique cutting exactly, make it just to coincide with stock otch, and scion cotyledon direction and stock cotyledon across are intersected.
Cuttage dedicated substrate is selected in cuttage, packs into and in 50 caves dishes, waters permeable with card punch punching, the seedling grafting is inserted in special-purpose cutting medium afterwards, cuttage degree of depth 3cm left and right
4, the management of root pruning and grafting seedling
(1) survive period management
1. temperature treatment: after grafting, 3d temperature requirement is higher, evening on 26-28 ℃ of daytime 22-24 ℃, temperature is aeration-cooling during higher than 32 ℃, within later several days, according to wound healing situation, temperature is suitably reduced to 2-3 ℃ and enters normal management in seedling stage after .8-10 days.
2. moisture management: after grafting, the first two day requires humidity more than 95%, wants spray humidification during low humidity, and blade face can not ponding.Along with ventilation time lengthens, humidity drops to 85% left and right gradually.After 7d, according to healing state, approach conventional seedling moisture management.
3. illumination: after grafting, 2d wants sunshade, is sooner or later shown in natural daylight in later several days, in management, optionally lengthens and sees between the light time gradually, can allow slight wilting.8-10d, can remove sunshade net completely.
4. ventilate: generally within after grafting two days, want airtight stuffy, while only having temperature higher than 32 ℃, just ventilate, within after grafting the 3rd day, start to ventilate, a small amount of ventilation sooner or later, strengthens ventilation and ventilation time gradually before this later, will spray water before giving wilting seedling epiphragma.After 8-10d, enter normal management in seedling stage.
(2) survive rear management
1. rich water quality management: will suitably control water after surviving, be conducive to promote root system development.After surviving to 3-4 foliage fertilizer of foliage-spray before emerging.
2. except tiller: should be as soon as possible after grafting survival, except tiller (remove stock and sprout the lateral bud that), general 3-4d is once repeated multiple timesly
5. the research of special-purpose cutting medium formula
Formula: peat: vermiculite: Chinese medicine slag: perlite=4: 3: 3: 0.1,
Materialization property: this matrix unit weight 0.35, porosity 72%, the content of organic matter (in butt) 24/ (%), total nutrient 10 (N+P205+K20) content (in butt)/(%, nitrogen content (%) 1.17, potassium content (%) 3.12, phosphorus content (%5.74), moisture 24% (free water), acid-base value (PH) 6.6, EC value 1.5.Materialization property meets the standard of excellent substrates.Compare the advantage that cuttage seeding that this special-purpose cutting medium of other formulation medias cultivates shows: (cuttage seeding total quality embodies the combination property of matrix used), illustrates by following table
Table: the root pruning and grafting shoot root system that different formulations cutting medium is cultivated and the major parameter of overground part
With the root of the root pruning and grafting seedling of special-purpose cutting medium cuttage long long, root approximate number is more, root fresh weight, root dry weight numerical value are all higher, illustrate that with the root pruning and grafting shoot root of special-purpose cutting medium cottage breeding be the cuttage seeding that quality is obviously better than other matrix, the grafting survival rate of cuttage, up to 99%, occurs that without yellow seedling phenomenon the contained nutrient of this special-purpose cutting medium of explanation can meet the needs of growth of seedling.The numerical value of, dry weight thick with the grafting plant height of special-purpose cutting medium cottage breeding, stem, fresh weight is all higher, illustrate that the grafting seedling voxel matter that cuttage is grown in special-purpose cutting medium is higher.
Attached: each contrasts matrix formulations:
Contrast matrix 1: peat: vermiculite: Chinese medicine slag=5: 3: 2
Contrast matrix 2: peat: vermiculite: Chinese medicine slag=2: 3: 5
Contrast matrix 3: peat: vermiculite: perlite=6: 3: 1
Contrast matrix 4: peat: perlite: fertilizer=7: 2: 1
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any modifications of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, be equal to and replace and improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a watermelon double break root graft seedling-cultivating method, is characterized in that, this watermelon double break root graft seedling-cultivating method comprises the following steps:
Stock sowing, adopt cucurbit to do stock: before sowing, seedling medium fully to be mixed thoroughly in every cube of ratio that adds 0.5kg50% powder of carbendazim, be covered with that plastic foil is vexed to be put 3 days, proposing sabot the previous day waters permeable, seed first shines 2-3 days, broadcasts the front water seed soaking of using 55-60 ℃, will constantly stir until drop to 30 ℃ during seed soaking, naturally, more than soaking 16h again after cooling, then clean 2-3 time; Wrap wet cloth and wrap one deck wet towel again, put into insulating box, need to supplement moisture content at 28-30 ℃ during vernalization, pick the seed of germination after 2-3 days, by line-spacing 5cm, spacing in the rows 1.5-2cm sowing, seed keeps flat, and seed direction is consistent, and 1 dish is sowed 220-230 grain; Sowing time is arranged in the front 15-20 days of grafting;
The sowing of scion: the same stock of method for treating seeds; After water temperature is naturally cooling, to clean 2-3 time, after immersion 6-8h, clean again 3-4 time, with wet cloth outsourcing one deck wet towel vernalization in the insulating box of 28-30 ℃ again; The scion sowing time is at stock 10-15d after planting; Before sowing, special-purpose scion seedling medium is added to 0.5kg50% carbendazim by every side and fully mix thoroughly, be covered with the vexed 3d of putting of plastic foil, sow the previous day, matrix is evenly laid on electric heating seedbed, the about 5cm of laying depth, waters the water of revealing the exact details; Seed is evenly sowed in seedbed after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally and germinateing, and broadcasts bonnet seed thickness 1-1.5cm, and before germinateing, temperature controller is transferred to 28 ℃;
Root pruning and grafting: stock is 15-18 days after planting, scion " straight neck phase ", 4-5 days after planting in electric heating seedbed, gets final product grafting; Before grafting, with 32 or 50 cave seedling dishes, install cutting medium, fitly row is placed in electric heating seedbed, waters permeable the previous day; Stock, in bud picking the previous day, sprays 800 times of carbendazols after grafting, the preheating in a hour in advance of electric heating seedbed; Grafting method: stock growing point is carried to the previous day and erase from base portion, grafting same day, from 6-7cm even breaks under cotyledon, tiltedly the about 0.5cm of stamp is dark then by bamboo let incision above stock, along cotyledon line direction, to become miter angle, until by hypocotyl stamp logical a little; After scion seedling is extracted in advance, in the basin that 1000 times of 50% carbendazim solution is housed, embathe 2 times; During grafting, take out scion seedling, hypocotyl stays 1.5cm～2.0cm, with the blade cutter of splaying, extract rapidly the bamboo let in stock, to cut scion hypocotyl in the slope and by bamboo let direction of insertion oblique cutting, enter in stock exactly, and make it just to coincide with stock otch, and scion cotyledon direction and stock cotyledon across are intersected; During cuttage, with card punch, punch, the seedling grafting is inserted in matrix, cuttage degree of depth 3cm left and right;
Special-purpose cutting medium formula is
Peat: vermiculite: Chinese medicine slag: perlite=4: 3: 3: 0.1;
Materialization property: this matrix unit weight 0.35g/L, porosity 72%, in the content of organic matter 24% of butt, in the N+p of butt
2o
5+ K
2o total nutrient content 10%, nitrogen content 1.17%, potassium content 3.12%, phosphorus content 5.74%, moisture 24%, acid-base value 6.6, EC value 1.5;
The management method of root pruning and grafting seedling is:
(1) survive period management
1. temperature treatment: after grafting, 3 days temperature requirements are higher, evening on 26-28 ℃ of daytime 22-24 ℃, temperature is aeration-cooling during higher than 32 ℃, within later several days, according to wound healing situation, temperature is suitably reduced to 2-3 ℃; After 8-10 days, enter normal management in seedling stage;
2. moisture management: after grafting, the first two day requires humidity more than 95%, wants spray humidification during low humidity, blade face can not ponding; Along with ventilation time lengthens, humidity drops to 85% left and right gradually; After 7 days, according to healing state, carry out conventional seedling moisture management;
3. illumination: want sunshade for after grafting 2 days, sooner or later see natural daylight in later several days, optionally lengthen and see between the light time gradually in management, can allow slight wilting; 8-10 days, removes sunshade net completely;
4. ventilate: within after grafting two days, want airtight stuffy, while only having temperature higher than 32 ℃, just ventilate, within after grafting the 3rd day, start to ventilate, a small amount of ventilation sooner or later, strengthens ventilation and ventilation time gradually before this later, will spray water before giving wilting seedling epiphragma; After 8-10 days, enter normal management in seedling stage;
(2) survive rear management
1. rich water quality management: will suitably control water after surviving, be conducive to promote root system development; After surviving to 3-4 foliage fertilizer of foliage-spray before emerging;
2. except tiller: should be as soon as possible after grafting survival, repeated multiple timesly except tiller, remove stock and sprout the lateral bud that, 3-4 days are once.
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