CN102900059B - The compound drainage control salt system in a kind of salt-soda soil - Google Patents

The compound drainage control salt system in a kind of salt-soda soil Download PDF

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CN102900059B
CN102900059B CN201210438615.3A CN201210438615A CN102900059B CN 102900059 B CN102900059 B CN 102900059B CN 201210438615 A CN201210438615 A CN 201210438615A CN 102900059 B CN102900059 B CN 102900059B
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underdrainage
drainage
covered conduit
salt
collecting well
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CN201210438615.3A
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CN102900059A (en
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张展羽
冯根祥
翟亚明
陈阳
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Hohai University HHU
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Hohai University HHU
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Abstract

The invention discloses the compound drainage control salt system in a kind of salt-soda soil, comprise underdrainage covered conduit, land drainage open drain, check gate in ditch, collecting well, water pump and reservoir, described underdrainage covered conduit is interlaced to be arranged in farmland, described land drainage open drain is arranged with described underdrainage covered conduit is mutually vertical, described collecting well is arranged on the intersection of described underdrainage covered conduit, described water pump is arranged in described collecting well, described reservoir is arranged on the end in described land drainage open drain, check gate in ditch is provided with between described land drainage open drain and described reservoir.Salt-soda soil of the present invention compound drainage control salt system is by a kind of level of design and the drainage system vertically combined, level and vertical two kinds of drainage systems are melted into a whole, both the effect having reached draining salt reduction turn avoid impeded drainage common in drainage procedure, and excavated volume is large, the problem such as easily to collapse.

Description

The compound drainage control salt system in a kind of salt-soda soil
Technical field
The invention belongs to farmland water conservancy works technical field, be specifically related to the compound drainage control salt system in a kind of salt-soda soil.
Background technology
Salt-soda soil often there will be impeded drainage, the problem of the soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil and Secondary Saline, and drainage effect is bad, is unfavorable for the growth of crops.In order to prevent the salinization of soil of soil, groundwater table should remain on the larger degree of depth.The irrigation facility of controlling groundwater level, has level and vertical two kinds of drainage pattern.Wherein horizontal drainage can be divided into again open drain and two kinds, hidden pipe.In irrigation facility, adopt gutter drainage, open excavation amount is large, and exists and easily collapse, and easily becomes silted up, easily the problem such as raw weeds.In irrigation facility, adopt closed drainage to reduce occupy cultivated land, improve land utilization ratio, be convenient to mechanical cultivation.But closed drainage technology generally adopts local material pipe or plastic pipe, and construction costs is higher, and one-time investment is comparatively large, in China's not yet large-area applications.In recent years, China is more shallow at northern bury of groundwater, water quality substantially meets again the many areas irrigating requirement and carries out draining in conjunction with well irrigation, provide not only a large amount of iirigation water sources, also serves important function to dewatering and water drainage salt reduction simultaneously.Facts have proved, irrigation and drainage by well is comprehensive regulation drought, flood, the important measures of alkali, in northern China easily drought easily flood easily alkali area, both has broad application prospects.
Therefore, need the compound drainage control salt system in a kind of new salt-soda soil to solve the problem.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: the present invention is directed to the impeded drainage that the salt-soda soil of prior art is common, the defect of the soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil and Secondary Saline, provides a kind of salt-soda soil compound drainage control salt system.
Technical scheme: for solving the problems of the technologies described above, salt-soda soil of the present invention compound drainage control salt system adopts following technical scheme:
The compound drainage control salt system in a kind of salt-soda soil, comprise check gate, collecting well, water pump and reservoir in underdrainage covered conduit, land drainage open drain, ditch, described underdrainage covered conduit is interlaced to be arranged in farmland, described land drainage open drain is arranged with described underdrainage covered conduit is mutually vertical, described collecting well is arranged on the intersection of described underdrainage covered conduit, described water pump is arranged in described collecting well, described reservoir is arranged on the end in described land drainage open drain, is provided with check gate in ditch between described land drainage open drain and described reservoir.
Beneficial effect: salt-soda soil of the present invention compound drainage control salt system is by a kind of level of design and the drainage system vertically combined, level and vertical two kinds of drainage systems are melted into a whole, both the effect having reached draining salt reduction turn avoid impeded drainage common in drainage procedure, excavated volume is large, the problem such as easily to collapse.Structure of the present invention is simple, Be very effective, is a kind of desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching system with actual application prospect, has important application value.The drainage pattern that horizontal buried drain combines with drainage by shaft wells can dewatering very significantly, reduces soil salt, the Secondary Saline prevented, promotes agricultural high-effiency volume increase; Underground buried drain can effectively reduce ground excavation area compared with traditional closed drainage, improves farmland land utilization ratio, is convenient to mechanical cultivation, thus reaches the object of agricultural land efficiency utilization; Horizontal buried drain and vertical drainage are integrated in one, structure is simple, and easy construction, can reuse.
Further, described underdrainage covered conduit comprises soil backfill layer and stalk packed layer, and described soil backfill layer is arranged on the top of described stalk packed layer.Under-filled stalk generally can select paddy and wheat or maize straw.Stalk replaces plastic hidden pipe to reduce construction investment on the one hand, can gather materials on the spot on the other hand, solve farmland rice wheat straw for a long time and lay nowhere, the bad phenomenon of arbitrarily burning.And stalk landfill can increase soil fertility, ensure that agricultural year increases income.Visible stalk filling technique both reduced construction investment, prevented again environment pollution and the wasting of resources.Improving straw mulching thickness is equal with bottom of trench width, gets 0.3-0.5m.Stalk must be bundled into the column of diameter 0.3-0.5m before laying, then that stalk landfill is tightly compacted to bottom of trench.Finally by earthen backfill to arable layer.
Further, the section of described underdrainage covered conduit is trapezoidal cross-section, and the degree of depth of described underdrainage covered conduit is 1.2-1.5m, and the bottom of trench width of described underdrainage covered conduit is 0.3-0.5m.Underdrainage covered conduit adopts trapezoidal cross-section, and must excavate in advance, cutting depth is as the criterion to meet controlling groundwater level requirement.The spacing of underdrainage covered conduit looks the soil texture, transmission coefficient and determining.The desirable 12-15m of general clay, the desirable 15-20m of loam, sandy loam gets 20-30m.Underdrainage covered conduit is using the arterial drainage passage as underground water, and it is close that the ground gradient along the line with raceway groove falls in the ratio of covered conduit, excessively dark with digging-free.Mutually vertical between the described underdrainage covered conduit mutually crossed.Rationally distributed, even draining.
Further, the degree of depth of described collecting well is 15-20m, and the well head diameter of described collecting well is 0.5-0.8m, and the distance between adjacent described collecting well is 40-50m.Roughly by arranged in squares between well.The tubing string that the borehole wall adopts wall casing and filter pipe to combine, is vertically mounted in the wellhole of accomplishing fluently in advance.Wall casing is arranged on water barrier place, and filter pipe is arranged on aquifer place.One deck filter screen is set in the junction of underdrainage covered conduit and vertical shaft, is used for grit in filtered water and weeds.Outlet water at tail end pipe adopts plastics reducer pipe.Adopt clay ball sealing at covered conduit and vertical shaft junction, prevent seepage.In the annular gap of well casing and wellhole, insert the gravel through screening or other hand-stuff, with drainage resistance sand.Collecting well is sediment tube bottom, is used for precipitating the silt flowed in well.
Further, described water pump is submersible pump.When the large area desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, submersible pump be used for by the underground water pump drainage in collecting well to reservoir with the storage capacity that soars, dewatering.
Further, in described ditch, check gate is culvert-type gate.In ditch, check gate vertical ground open drain channel center line is arranged, is located at the end in land drainage open drain, adopts culvert-type gate.Check gate is mainly used in controlling water level in ditch, prevents irrigation water excessively to run off.
Further, the section in described land drainage open drain is trapezoidal cross-section.In ditch day the depth of groundwater table that requires lower than farmland of ordinary water level, be overhead generally 1.0-1.5m, the present invention is directed to control salt demand, day ordinary water level must remain on 2.2-2.6m.Water drainage water level viewing system Cheng Guo district water level and determining everywhere in ditch.The present invention arranges retaining dyke as Cheng Guo district at each bar dragon ditch end, and taking from arranging is main water drainage method.So water drainage water level is determined according to water drainage design discharge.Underdrainage covered conduit connects outlet pipe and leads to land drainage open drain, outlet pipe adopts plastics reducer pipe, pipeline parcel or filling outsourcing filtrate, be used for stoping soil particle to enter hidden pipe, in order to avoid precipitation and hidden pipe block, stablize surrounding soil, improve the infiltration ability of hidden pipe passage, to improve drain function.
Further, also comprise the first outlet pipe and the first screen pack, described first outlet pipe is communicated with described underdrainage covered conduit and described underdrainage open drain, and described first screen pack is arranged on the junction of described first outlet pipe and described underdrainage covered conduit.Be used for grit in filtered water and weeds.
Further, also comprise the second outlet pipe and the second screen pack, described second outlet pipe is communicated with described underdrainage covered conduit and described collecting well, and described second screen pack is arranged on the junction of described second outlet pipe and described underdrainage covered conduit.Be used for grit in filtered water and weeds.
Further, the borehole wall of described collecting well comprises wall casing and filter pipe, and described wall casing is arranged on soil water barrier place, and described filter pipe is arranged on soil aquifer place.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The structural representation of the compound drainage system in Fig. 1 salt-soda soil of the present invention;
The sectional drawing of Fig. 2 underdrainage covered conduit of the present invention;
The sectional drawing of Fig. 3 collecting well of the present invention;
The sectional drawing of Fig. 4 underdrainage covered conduit of the present invention and land drainage open drain connecting portion.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, illustrate the present invention further, these embodiments should be understood only be not used in for illustration of the present invention and limit the scope of the invention, after having read the present invention, the amendment of those skilled in the art to the various equivalent form of value of the present invention has all fallen within the application's claims limited range.
Refer to shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the compound drainage control salt system in a kind of salt-soda soil of the present invention, comprises check gate 5 and water pump in underdrainage covered conduit 1, collecting well 2, land drainage open drain 3, reservoir 4, ditch.Underdrainage covered conduit 1 is mutually crisscross to be arranged in farmland 13.Wherein, the section of underdrainage covered conduit 1 is trapezoidal cross-section.Underdrainage covered conduit 1 comprises soil backfill layer 7 and stalk packed layer 6, and soil backfill layer 7 is arranged on the top of stalk packed layer 6.Under-filled stalk generally can select paddy and wheat or maize straw.Stalk replaces plastic hidden pipe to reduce construction investment on the one hand, can gather materials on the spot on the other hand, solve farmland rice wheat straw for a long time and lay nowhere, the bad phenomenon of arbitrarily burning.And stalk landfill can increase soil fertility, ensure that agricultural year increases income.Visible stalk filling technique both reduced construction investment, prevented again environment pollution and the wasting of resources.The degree of depth of underdrainage covered conduit 1 is 1.2-1.5m, and the bottom of trench width of underdrainage covered conduit 1 is 0.3-0.5m.Underdrainage covered conduit 1 adopts trapezoidal cross-section, must excavate in advance, and cutting depth is as the criterion to meet controlling groundwater level requirement.The spacing of underdrainage covered conduit 1 looks the soil texture, transmission coefficient and determining.The desirable 12-15m of general clay, the desirable 15-20m of loam, sandy loam gets 20-30m.Underdrainage covered conduit 1 is using the arterial drainage passage as underground water, and it is close that the ground gradient along the line with raceway groove falls in the ratio of covered conduit, excessively dark with digging-free.Improving straw mulching thickness is equal with bottom of trench width, gets 0.3-0.5m.Stalk must be bundled into the column of diameter 0.3-0.5m before laying, then that stalk landfill is tightly compacted to bottom of trench.Finally by earthen backfill to arable layer.Wherein, mutually vertical between the underdrainage covered conduit 1 mutually crossed, this is rationally distributed, and draining is even.
Land drainage open drain 3 is arranged with underdrainage covered conduit 1 is mutually vertical.The section in land drainage open drain 3 is trapezoidal cross-section.In ditch day the depth of groundwater table that requires lower than farmland of ordinary water level, be overhead generally 1.0-1.5m, the present invention is directed to control salt demand, day ordinary water level must remain on 2.2-2.6m.Water drainage water level viewing system Cheng Guo district water level and determining everywhere in ditch.The present invention arranges retaining dyke as Cheng Guo district at each bar dragon ditch end, and taking from arranging is main water drainage method.So water drainage water level is determined according to water drainage design discharge.The junction in underdrainage covered conduit 1 and land drainage open drain 3 is provided with the junction that the first screen pack 11, first screen pack 11 is arranged on the first outlet pipe 12 and underdrainage covered conduit 1, is used for grit in filtered water and weeds.Underdrainage covered conduit 1 connects the first outlet pipe 12 and leads to land drainage open drain 3, first outlet pipe 12 and adopt plastics reducer pipe.The pipeline parcel of the first outlet pipe 12 or filling outsourcing filtrate, be used for stoping soil particle to enter underdrainage covered conduit 1, in order to avoid precipitation and hidden pipe block, stablize surrounding soil, improve the infiltration ability of hidden pipe passage, to improve drain function.
Collecting well 2 is arranged on the intersection of underdrainage covered conduit 1.The degree of depth of collecting well 2 is 15-20m, and the well head diameter of collecting well 2 is 0.5-0.8m, and the distance between Neighbor Set well 2 is 40-50m.By arranged in squares between collecting well.The well head place of collecting well 2 is provided with raised platform around a well 8, the tubing string that the borehole wall employing wall casing 9 of collecting well 2 and filter pipe 10 combine, and is vertically mounted in the wellhole of accomplishing fluently in advance.Wall casing 9 is contained in soil water barrier place, and filter pipe 10 is arranged on soil aquifer place.Underdrainage covered conduit 1 connects collecting well 2 by the second outlet pipe 121, at underdrainage covered conduit 1 and the junction of collecting well 2, one deck second screen pack 111 is set, second screen pack 111 is arranged on the junction of the second outlet pipe 121 and underdrainage covered conduit 1, is used for grit in filtered water and weeds.Second outlet pipe 121 adopts plastics reducer pipe.Adopt clay ball sealing at underdrainage covered conduit 1 and the junction of collecting well 2, prevent seepage.In the annular gap of well casing and wellhole, insert the gravel through screening or other hand-stuff, with drainage resistance sand.Collecting well 2 is sediment tube bottom, is used for precipitating the silt flowed in well.
Water pump is arranged in collecting well 2.Wherein, water pump is submersible pump.When the large area desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, submersible pump be used for by the underground water pump drainage in collecting well 2 to reservoir 4 with the storage capacity that soars, dewatering.
Reservoir 4 is arranged on the end in land drainage open drain 3.Reservoir 4 excavates the end at farm ditch, the water yield that containing drainage system is discharged.Reservoir 4 should be arranged in the least significant end of catchment or its near so that central drainage.When day normal flow got rid of by drainage system, its water level should not make drainage system generation choke water, and ensures normally to arrange stain; When the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching of system large area or flood season, retaining dyke has enough abilities that holds can hold whole water yields that drainage system discharges in time.
Check gate in ditch is provided with between land drainage open drain 3 and reservoir 4.In ditch, check gate 5 is culvert-type gate.In ditch, check gate 5 vertical ground open drain 3 channel center line is arranged, is located at the end in land drainage open drain 3, adopts culvert-type gate.Check gate is mainly used in controlling water level in ditch, prevents irrigation water excessively to run off.
Salt-soda soil compound drainage control salt method:
1, during the large area desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, opened by check gate in ditch 5, with submersible pump, the water pump drainage in reservoir 4 is entered farmland 13, the water in reservoir 4 is primarily of the underground water extracted in collecting well 2 and daily rainfall runoff composition.During the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, a large amount of fresh water or brackish water are discharged along stalk packed layer 6 after upper soll layer permeates the ground underground run off 1, and wherein a part of water body flows back to reservoir 4 after entering land drainage open drain 3, and another part water body is arranged into collecting well 2 along underdrainage covered conduit 1.After the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching terminates, with submersible pump, the water yield in collecting well 2 is extracted back reservoir 4.The water yield in reservoir 4 is given through ground fresh water and rainfall runoff supply or irrigation canals and ditches side impregnation, and its salinity can be fallen gradually.By the regular large-area desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, can discharge salt ground water gradually, desalination underground water, promotes Soil Desalting.
2, during daily irrigation, check gate in ditch 5 is closed, with submersible pump, the fresh water in reservoir 4 or brackish water are filled with into farmland 13, duty enters to be seeped into planned moist layer in soil rear section through upper soll layer and imports underdrainage covered conduit 1, and this part return water can enter land drainage open drain 3 along covered conduit 1.Because check gate in ditch 5 is in closed condition, the water level in land drainage open drain 3 is connected with the water level of underdrainage covered conduit 1, can reduce the Loss by leaching of irrigation water, improves water using efficiency.Part is irrigated remaining water and will be flowed into gradually in collecting well 2 along underdrainage covered conduit 1.After having poured water, opened by check gate in ditch 5, the water yield in land drainage open drain 3 enters in reservoir 4.
In sum, salt-soda soil of the present invention compound drainage control salt system is by a kind of level of design and the drainage system vertically combined, level and vertical two kinds of drainage systems are melted into a whole, both the effect having reached draining salt reduction turn avoid impeded drainage common in drainage procedure, excavated volume is large, the problem such as easily to collapse.Structure of the present invention is simple, Be very effective, is a kind of desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching system with actual application prospect, has important application value.Its major advantage show following some:
(1) drainage pattern that combines with drainage by shaft wells of horizontal buried drain can dewatering very significantly, reduces soil salt, the Secondary Saline prevented, promotes agricultural high-effiency volume increase;
(2) stalk replaces plastic hidden pipe to reduce construction investment on the one hand, can gather materials on the spot on the other hand, solve farmland rice wheat straw for a long time and lay nowhere, the bad phenomenon of arbitrarily burning.And stalk landfill can increase soil fertility, ensure that agricultural year increases income.Visible stalk filling technique both reduced construction investment, prevented again environment pollution and the wasting of resources;
(3) underground buried drain can effectively reduce ground excavation area compared with traditional closed drainage, improves farmland land utilization ratio, is convenient to mechanical cultivation, thus reaches the object of agricultural land efficiency utilization;
(4) horizontal buried drain and vertical drainage are integrated in one, structure is simple, and easy construction, can reuse.

Claims (6)

1. the compound drainage control salt system in salt-soda soil, it is characterized in that, comprise underdrainage covered conduit, land drainage open drain, check gate in ditch, collecting well, water pump and reservoir, described underdrainage covered conduit is mutually crisscross to be arranged in farmland, described land drainage open drain is arranged with described underdrainage covered conduit is mutually vertical, described collecting well is arranged on the intersection of described underdrainage covered conduit, described water pump is arranged in described collecting well, described reservoir is arranged on the end in described land drainage open drain, check gate in described ditch is provided with between described land drainage open drain and described reservoir, the section of described underdrainage covered conduit is trapezoidal cross-section, the degree of depth of described underdrainage covered conduit is 1.2-1.5m, the bottom of trench width of described underdrainage covered conduit is 0.3-0.5m, the degree of depth of described collecting well is 15-20m, the well head diameter of described collecting well is 0.5-0.8m, distance between adjacent described collecting well is 40-50m, described underdrainage covered conduit comprises soil backfill layer and stalk packed layer, described soil backfill layer is arranged on the top of described stalk packed layer, stalk must be bundled into the column of diameter 0.3-0.5m before laying, then stalk landfill is tightly compacted to bottom of trench, the borehole wall of described collecting well comprises wall casing and filter pipe, described wall casing is arranged on soil water barrier place, described filter pipe is arranged on soil aquifer place.
2. the compound drainage control salt system in salt-soda soil as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described water pump is submersible pump.
3. the compound drainage control salt system in salt-soda soil as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described ditch, check gate is culvert-type gate.
4. the compound drainage control salt system in salt-soda soil as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the section in described land drainage open drain is trapezoidal cross-section.
5. the compound drainage control salt system in salt-soda soil as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, also comprise the first outlet pipe and the first screen pack, described first outlet pipe is communicated with described underdrainage covered conduit and described underdrainage open drain, and described first screen pack is arranged on the junction of described first outlet pipe and described underdrainage covered conduit.
6. the compound drainage control salt system in salt-soda soil as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, also comprise the second outlet pipe and the second screen pack, described second outlet pipe is communicated with described underdrainage covered conduit and described collecting well, and described second screen pack is arranged on the junction of described second outlet pipe and described underdrainage covered conduit.
CN201210438615.3A 2012-11-06 2012-11-06 The compound drainage control salt system in a kind of salt-soda soil Expired - Fee Related CN102900059B (en)

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