CN102888519A - Method for processing complex nickel raw material by utilizing flash smelting system - Google Patents
Method for processing complex nickel raw material by utilizing flash smelting system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for processing a complex nickel raw material by utilizing a flash smelting system. The method comprises steps as follows: (1) drying wet concentrates: dewatering and drying wet copper-nickel mixed concentrate containing 8-12% of water until the water content is less than 0.3%; (2) mixing materials: mixing dried concentrate with quartz powder and pulverized coal; (3) feeding into a furnace for reacting: uniformly mixing the mixed material with oxygen-enriched air, and feeding into a reaction column of a flash smelting furnace by virtue of a concentrate nozzle for smelting and reacting, and then transferring the produced low-nickel flow to the next process; (4) blowing in a converter; and (5) slowly cooling, and separating. The method provided by the invention has the adaptability to raw materials higher than that of conventional nickel smelting technology and is simple in smelting process; and furthermore, little valuable metal is contained in the waste smelting slag, high recovery rate of the metal in smelting is achieved, and low energy consumption is ensured.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of non-ferrous metallurgy, relate to a kind of method of utilizing the flash smelting system to process complicated nickel raw material.
Background technology
It is late that the metallurgy of nickel of China is produced starting, also do not have the metallurgy of nickel industry of independent completion before nineteen fifty-nine, and except reclaiming from copper electrolytic process a small amount of nickel (salt), metallic nickel and stainless steel (nickel is main alloy element wherein) be dependence on import all.Through developing rapidly over nearly 50 years, China has become one of the nickel big producing country in the world, produces the nickel amount above 300,000 ton/years.
Because nickel minerals produces resource and compares with other Metal smelting, the concentrate grade that enters the nickel smelting system is much lower, and gangue content is complicated, so the technical difficulty that nickel is smelted is larger.The raw material that general nickel smelting system adopts also contains gold and silver and platinum metals except nickel, cobalt, copper, the nickel content of raw ore is 2 ~ 3%, and content of magnesia is then up to 3 ~ 5%.
Traditional nickel flash smelting technique is that the essence mine dehydration rate is lower with the nickel sulfide concentrate of the drying process through the low nickel matte of flash smelting output, and Flash Smelting Furnace can only be processed concentrate MgO content and is lower than 6.5% concentrate.It is general nickeliferous 3%～10% to enter the stove concentrate, and the low nickel matte grade of product is (Ni+Cu): 45～50%, Fe:17～25%, S:25～26%.Hang down nickel matte through bessemerizing the high nickel matte of output, then separating copper, nickel and refining output electrolytic nickel or other nickel products.The traditional technology adaptability to raw materials is poor, and valuable metal content is higher in the smelting waste slag, and the smelting process metal recovery rate is lower, and energy consumption is high, and the relieving haperacidity flue gas can not get whole improvement.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of adaptability to raw material flash smelting system that utilizes strong and that metal recovery rate is high to process the method for complicated nickel raw material.
For this reason, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of method of utilizing the flash smelting system to process complicated nickel raw material is characterized in that, comprises following processing step:
(1) wet concentrate is dry: be that 8～12% copper nickel mixing wet concentrate dehydrates to moisture below 0.3% with water content;
(2) mixing of materials: above-mentioned dried concentrate is mixed with silica powder, fine coal, and wherein, silica powder is moisture＜1%, granularity-60 order＞90%, and fine coal is moisture≤and 1%, granularity-200 order 〉=85%;
(3) enter the stove reaction: material after the above-mentioned mixing is fully mixed with oxygen-rich air, then enter by concentrate burner and melt in the flash furnace reaction tower and react, the product that generates after the reaction falls into the Flash Smelting Furnace settling tank, finishing low nickel matte in settling tank separates with the preliminary deposition of slag, the slag of settling tank enters stripping section and carries out dilution, and low nickel matte enters operation of lower step;
(4) bessemerize: the low nickel matte of Flash Smelting Furnace output is entered the horizontal side blow converter, pass into high-pressure air in converter, add simultaneously quartzite as solvent, blowing obtains high nickel matte, and the slag that blowing is discharged enters slag cleaning furnace and carries out dilution;
(5) slow cooling separates: the high nickel matte elder generation Slow cooling that step (4) is obtained, and then by floatation process the copper and mickel in the high nickel matte is separated with the form of cuprous sulfide and nickelous sulfide respectively.
In the step (1), be that the drying kiln drying of 8～12% copper nickel mixing wet concentrate elder generation is dry with water content, dry medium is hot flue gas, and the dry kiln entrance flue gas temperature is controlled at 400～800 ℃; Wet concentrate is moisture to be broken up after being down to 5%～7%, then concentrate and the hot flue gas of breaing up is sucked in the airflow drying tube, flows with the speed of flue gas with 18～20m/s, and it is moisture below 0.3% that essence mine dehydration is dried to.
In the step (2), dried concentrate is mixed by the weight ratio of 100:16 ~ 20:0.8 ~ 1.4 with silica powder, fine coal; The ratio of mixture of concentrate and silica powder, fine coal is preferably 100:18.8:1.1.
In the step (3), the part of Flash Smelting Furnace output is hanged down nickel matte as the vulcanizing agent of slag depletion in the Flash Smelting Furnace.
In the step (4), with the low nickel matte of the rich cobalt of slag output after the further dilution of slag cleaning furnace that converter is discharged, the low nickel matte of the rich cobalt of output enters converter again, jointly blows with low nickel matte in the step (3).
In the step (3) (4), after absorbing waste heat, dust precipitator dedusting, waste heat boiler send sulfuric acid plant relieving haperacidity with the high-temperature flue gas of output in Flash Smelting Furnace, converter, the slag cleaning furnace production process; The concentrate that the flue dust of waste heat boiler and dust precipitator collection is sneaked in the step (2) reacts.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) essence mine dehydration efficient is high, and system can process content of magnesia up to 6.8% nickel raw material, and adaptability to raw materials is strong than the traditional nickel smelting technology, and it is simple and easy to smelt flow process, and smelting waste slag valuable metal content is low, and the smelting process metal recovery rate is higher, and energy consumption is low;
(2) press flash furnace reaction tower gas phase composition measuring, most oxidising processs occur in the scope apart from concentrate burner 2m in the reaction tower, compare SO in the grade that can significantly improve molten sulfonium and the flue gas with traditional melting
2Concentration, and Grade Control automatization intensity is high.In the certain situation of inlet amount, the desulfurization degree of fusion process and sulfonium grade can be controlled by regulating the oxygen unit consumption;
(3) utilize the low nickel matte of reaction tower output as the vulcanizing agent of slag depletion, vulcanizing agent no longer needs to add from the outside, and the slag depletion power consumption is reduced, and equipment is installed compacter;
(4) acid making system has been realized the whole relieving haperacidity of Flash Smelting Furnace, slag cleaning furnace and converter gas, thoroughly eradicated the phenomenon that the traditional flash smelting system causes slag cleaning furnace and segment converter flue gas to efflux because of the relieving haperacidity scarce capacity, effects of energy saving and emission reduction is remarkable, has effectively improved nickel and has smelted regional surrounding enviroment.
Embodiment
Below by specific embodiment the method that the present invention utilizes the flash smelting system to process complicated nickel raw material is further described.
The nickel material composition that present embodiment is processed is Ni:8.60%, Cu:4.80%, Fe: 36.00%, Co:0.25%, S:26.40%, CaO:0.90%, MgO:6.80%, SiO
2: 7.00%.
The equipment of present embodiment comprises: 1 of the Flash Smelting Furnace of 1 of Φ 1.88 * 11m dry kiln, Φ 6 * 6.4m, 1 of 4000 kVA slag cleaning furnace, 1 of 5000 kVA slag cleaning furnace, 3 of 86t pierce smith converters, 1 on φ 2.7 * 6mm drying type flux ball mill, 1 on φ 2.5 * 3.9m fine coal ball mill, 2122m
22 of concentrate drying dust precipitators, 4122m
22 of Flash Smelting Furnace dust precipitators, 3983m
23 of converter dust precipitators, flue gas treatment capacity are 50429m
31 of the slag cleaning furnace dust precipitator of/h.
The present embodiment concrete grammar is as follows:
(1) wet concentrate is dry: be that 8～12% copper nickel mixings wet concentrate elder generation drying kiln drying is dry with water content, the medium of drying is the hot flue gas of pulverized coal friring chamber output, and the dry kiln entrance flue gas temperature is controlled at 400～800 ℃; Wet concentrate is moisture is down to～enter the mouse cage beater after 7% to break up and be suspended state, then by induced-draft fan concentrate and hot flue gas are sucked in the airflow drying tube, and flow with the speed of flue gas with 18～20m/s, it is moisture below 0.3% that essence mine dehydration is dried to;
(2) mixing of materials: above-mentioned dried concentrate is mixed by the weight ratio of 100:18.8:1.1 with silica powder, fine coal and cigarette ash, wherein, silica powder is moisture＜and 1%, granularity-60 order＞90%, fine coal is moisture≤and 1%, granularity-200 order 〉=85%, and in the subsequent reactions, silica powder is as the slagging process of solvent participation flash smelting, and fine coal provides flash smelting needed heat in combustion processes;
(3) enter the stove reaction: the mixture that step (2) is obtained fully mixes with oxygen-rich air, delivering to central concentrate burner through Flash Smelting Furnace furnace roof air-driven chute sprays in the flash furnace reaction tower, take full advantage of combustible sulphur and iron in the concentrate, sulphides burn also discharges amount of heat, fusing and finish the oxidation of sulphur, the oxidizing reaction of metallic sulfide and the main chemical reactions such as oxidative slagging reaction of sulphide of iron in 2.6 seconds.The low nickel matte and the slag that generate after the reaction fall into settling tank, finish sulfonium and separate with the preliminary deposition of slag in settling tank; The slag of settling tank enters stripping section and carries out dilution, and low nickel matte enters operation of lower step; To react simultaneously the low nickel matte of part of output as the vulcanizing agent of Flash Smelting Furnace settling tank slag depletion.
(4) bessemerize: the low nickel matte of Flash Smelting Furnace output is entered the horizontal side blow converter, in converter, pass into high-pressure air, add simultaneously SiO
2As solvent, blowing obtains high nickel matte to content at the quartzite more than 90%, and the slag that blowing is discharged enters slag cleaning furnace and carries out dilution; The low nickel matte of the rich cobalt of slag output after dilution enters converter again, jointly blows with low nickel matte in the step (3), and the high nickel matte of output product enters operation of lower step.
(5) slow cooling separates: the high nickel matte that step (4) is obtained is through Slow cooling, and then by floatation process the copper and mickel in the high nickel matte separated with the form of cuprous sulfide and nickelous sulfide respectively.
In the above-mentioned steps, after absorbing waste heat, dust precipitator dedusting, waste heat boiler send sulfuric acid plant relieving haperacidity with the high-temperature flue gas of output in Flash Smelting Furnace, converter, the slag cleaning furnace production process; The concentrate that the flue dust of waste heat boiler and dust precipitator collection is sneaked in the step (2) reacts.
In the present embodiment, the Flash Smelting Furnace slag is nickeliferous 0.25%, and dilution stove slag contains cobalt 0.25%, and the waste index is comparatively advanced; The system recoveries rate is respectively nickel 95.75%, copper 94.3%, cobalt 54.35%, water circulation use rate 96.5%.The large-scale nickel flash smelting system of going into operation take Jinchuan Group Co.,Ltd produces 13.3 ten thousand ton/years of high nickel mattes per year as example, and high nickel matte contains Ni:46.6%, Cu:25.28%, Co:0.79%; The major metal production capacity is nickel 61981.03t/a(ton/year), copper 33624.04 t/a, cobalt 1050.8 t/a.
System's high nickel matte unit product comprehensive energy consumption is 454.21kgce/t(kilogram standard coal/ton), be lower than the energy consumption of unit product limit limit value 850kgce/t of nickel smelting enterprise, and reach the advanced value 680kgce/t of nickel smelting enterprise unit product comprehensive energy consumption.
Claims (8)
1. a method of utilizing the flash smelting system to process complicated nickel raw material is characterized in that, comprises following processing step:
(1) wet concentrate is dry: be that 8～12% copper nickel mixing wet concentrate dehydrates to moisture below 0.3% with water content;
(2) mixing of materials: above-mentioned dried concentrate is mixed with silica powder, fine coal, and wherein, silica powder is moisture＜1%, granularity-60 order＞90%, and fine coal is moisture≤and 1%, granularity-200 order 〉=85%;
(3) enter the stove reaction: material after the above-mentioned mixing is fully mixed with oxygen-rich air, then enter by concentrate burner and melt in the flash furnace reaction tower and react, the product that generates after the reaction falls into the Flash Smelting Furnace settling tank, finishing low nickel matte in settling tank separates with the preliminary deposition of slag, the slag of settling tank enters stripping section and carries out dilution, and low nickel matte enters operation of lower step;
(4) bessemerize: the low nickel matte of Flash Smelting Furnace output is entered the horizontal side blow converter, pass into high-pressure air in converter, add simultaneously quartzite as solvent, blowing obtains high nickel matte, and the slag that blowing is discharged enters slag cleaning furnace and carries out dilution;
(5) slow cooling separates: the high nickel matte elder generation Slow cooling that step (4) is obtained, and then by floatation process the copper and mickel in the high nickel matte is separated with the form of cuprous sulfide and nickelous sulfide respectively.
2. a kind of method of utilizing the flash smelting system to process complicated nickel raw material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the step (1), be that the drying kiln drying of 8～12% copper nickel mixing wet concentrate elder generation is dry with water content, dry medium is hot flue gas, and the dry kiln entrance flue gas temperature is controlled at 400～800 ℃; Wet concentrate is moisture to be broken up after being down to 5%～7%, then concentrate and the hot flue gas of breaing up is sucked in the airflow drying tube, flows with the speed of flue gas with 18～20m/s, and it is moisture below 0.3% that essence mine dehydration is dried to.
3. a kind of method of utilizing the flash smelting system to process complicated nickel raw material according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the step (2), dried concentrate is mixed by the weight ratio of 100:16 ~ 20:0.8 ~ 1.4 with silica powder, fine coal.
4. a kind of method of utilizing the flash smelting system to process complicated nickel raw material according to claim 3 is characterized in that, in the step (2), the ratio of mixture of concentrate and silica powder, fine coal is preferably 100:18.8:1.1.
5. a kind of method of utilizing the flash smelting system to process complicated nickel raw material according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the step (3), the part of Flash Smelting Furnace output is hanged down nickel matte as the vulcanizing agent of slag depletion in the Flash Smelting Furnace.
6. a kind of method of utilizing the flash smelting system to process complicated nickel raw material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the step (4), the rich cobalt of slag output after the further dilution of slag cleaning furnace that converter is discharged hangs down nickel matte, the low nickel matte of the rich cobalt of output enters converter again, jointly blows with low nickel matte in the step (3).
7. a kind of method of utilizing the flash smelting system to process complicated nickel raw material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the step (3) (4), after absorbing waste heat, dust precipitator dedusting, waste heat boiler send sulfuric acid plant relieving haperacidity with the high-temperature flue gas of output in Flash Smelting Furnace, converter, the slag cleaning furnace production process.
8. a kind of method of utilizing the flash smelting system to process complicated nickel raw material according to claim 7 is characterized in that, the concentrate that the flue dust of waste heat boiler and dust precipitator collection is sneaked in the step (2) reacts.
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103743243A (en) * | 2013-12-14 | 2014-04-23 | 金川集团股份有限公司 | Method for raising temperature of nickel flash furnace |
| CN104451195A (en) * | 2014-11-21 | 2015-03-25 | 邱江波 | Flash smelting method for nickel laterite ores |
| CN104561519A (en) * | 2014-12-03 | 2015-04-29 | 金川集团股份有限公司 | Treatment method of high-magnesium noble metal concentrate |
| CN105177307A (en) * | 2015-09-06 | 2015-12-23 | 中南大学 | Method for recycling copper-nickel-cobalt from low grade nickel matte through abrasive flotation separation |
| CN105779785A (en) * | 2016-04-20 | 2016-07-20 | 江西铜业股份有限公司 | Method for realizing one-key stop of flash furnace |
| CN106048254A (en) * | 2016-07-21 | 2016-10-26 | 黄艳玲 | Continuous smelting device and method of nickel-containing material |
| CN106521188A (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2017-03-22 | 阳谷祥光铜业有限公司 | Rotational flow nickel smelting method and rotational flow nickel smelting device |
| CN111101001A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-05-05 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | One-step nickel smelting system and one-step nickel smelting method |
| CN112593093A (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2021-04-02 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Nickel smelting device and nickel smelting method |
| CN113046571A (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2021-06-29 | 易门铜业有限公司 | Smelting system and method for reducing generation of magnetic iron in copper ore smelting process |
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103743243A (en) * | 2013-12-14 | 2014-04-23 | 金川集团股份有限公司 | Method for raising temperature of nickel flash furnace |
| CN103743243B (en) * | 2013-12-14 | 2015-06-10 | 金川集团股份有限公司 | Method for raising temperature of nickel flash furnace |
| CN104451195A (en) * | 2014-11-21 | 2015-03-25 | 邱江波 | Flash smelting method for nickel laterite ores |
| CN104451195B (en) * | 2014-11-21 | 2016-05-18 | 邱江波 | The flash smelting method of lateritic nickel ore |
| CN104561519A (en) * | 2014-12-03 | 2015-04-29 | 金川集团股份有限公司 | Treatment method of high-magnesium noble metal concentrate |
| CN105177307A (en) * | 2015-09-06 | 2015-12-23 | 中南大学 | Method for recycling copper-nickel-cobalt from low grade nickel matte through abrasive flotation separation |
| CN105779785A (en) * | 2016-04-20 | 2016-07-20 | 江西铜业股份有限公司 | Method for realizing one-key stop of flash furnace |
| CN106048254A (en) * | 2016-07-21 | 2016-10-26 | 黄艳玲 | Continuous smelting device and method of nickel-containing material |
| CN106521188A (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2017-03-22 | 阳谷祥光铜业有限公司 | Rotational flow nickel smelting method and rotational flow nickel smelting device |
| CN111101001A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-05-05 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | One-step nickel smelting system and one-step nickel smelting method |
| CN112593093A (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2021-04-02 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Nickel smelting device and nickel smelting method |
| CN112593093B (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2021-06-22 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Nickel smelting device and nickel smelting method |
| CN113046571A (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2021-06-29 | 易门铜业有限公司 | Smelting system and method for reducing generation of magnetic iron in copper ore smelting process |
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Application publication date: 20130123 |