CN102864415A - Ferro-aluminum alloying technique based on vacuum evaporation method - Google Patents
Ferro-aluminum alloying technique based on vacuum evaporation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102864415A CN102864415A CN2012103663271A CN201210366327A CN102864415A CN 102864415 A CN102864415 A CN 102864415A CN 2012103663271 A CN2012103663271 A CN 2012103663271A CN 201210366327 A CN201210366327 A CN 201210366327A CN 102864415 A CN102864415 A CN 102864415A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a ferro-aluminum alloying technique based on the vacuum evaporation method and belongs to the technical field of surface alloying for high-purity aluminum. High-purity ion (99.99%) is plated to the surface of a pure aluminum base by evaporation in a vacuum coating instrument. The high-purity iron evenly permeates to the surface of the aluminum base at high temperature under total-hydrogen protective atmosphere, so that a ferroaluminium coating is formed on the surface, and surface hardness and wear resistance of an aluminum block are improved by simple process. Tests show that both hardness and wear resistance of a processed sample are improved greatly.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to surface of pure aluminum ferroaluminium metallization processes method, belong to rafifinal surface-alloying process field.
Background technology
At present, Alloying on Metal Planes can be classified as follows by the realization means: 1, and the alloying constituent of change metallic surface.Mainly contain heat expand ooze, plating etc.; 2, the metallic surface soverlay technique.Mainly contain precision surface metallurgy (ion is metallurgical), coatingsurface is metallurgical, film surface metallurgy etc.; 3, improve the metallographic structure of metallic surface, textura epidermoidea is strengthened, comprise the surface treatment of the high-energy-densities such as induction quenching, electron beam, laser.
Aluminum and its alloy hardness is lower, should not make wear part, and this has limited its range of application greatly, therefore, must adopt surface strengthening technology, to improve surface hardness, strengthens wear resistance.The aluminum and its alloy thin film technology is broadly divided into two large classes.One class is the electrochemical plating in the nonaqueous electrolyte, as utilizes organic solvent, organic molten salt and inorganic fused salt system can carry out the galvanic deposit of fine aluminium and aluminum alloy films; Another kind of is physical vaporous deposition, such as vacuum evaporation, magnetron sputtering etc.Compare with electrochemical plating, because vacuum vapour deposition can go out metal and alloy firm at surface depositions such as metal, semi-conductor, isolator even plastics, paper, the advantages such as the purity of film is high in addition, pollution level is little are so the most of aluminum and its alloy films in industrial application all adopt vacuum vapour deposition to be prepared usually.
Commercial-purity aluminium has the general characteristic of aluminium, and density is little, conduction, good heat conductivity, and corrosion resistance is good, and plastic deformation ability is good, can be processed into plate, band, paper tinsel and extruded product etc., can carry out gas welding, argon arc welding, spot welding.But because surface hardness, the effects limit such as wear no resistance its use.Commercial-purity aluminium can be regarded as in fact the very low aluminium of iron, silicone content one iron one Si system alloy.In impurity phase except the hard crisp Al of needle-like is arranged
3Outside Fe and the block hard crisp siliceous point, can also form two ternary phases, as Fe〉during Si, form α (Fe
2SiAl
8) phase; As Si〉during Fe, form β (FeSiAl
5) phase.Two-phase all is frangible compounds, and is very large to plasticity harm.
For hardness and the wear resistance that increases the fine aluminium top layer, we can be at surface of pure aluminum evaporation one deck ferro-aluminium rete, because Al
3The existence of the intermetallic compounds such as Fe in the ferroaluminium microtexture, can make the top layer of ferroaluminium have higher hardness, the better good mechanical property such as heat-resisting, wear-resisting, and with the fine aluminium of ferroaluminium rete kept still that the aluminium quality is light, the easy characteristics of processing of good toughness.And aluminium, two kinds of metals of iron standing stock in the earth's crust are very big, and it is very wide to distribute, and are the starting material that generally use in the industry, and price is lower, so Developing Aluminum iron alloy rete has a wide range of applications and tempting prospect.
Because the solid solubility of iron in aluminium is very low, just in cast aluminium alloy, form matter crisp needle-like or sheet phase with aluminium and other alloying element chemical combination in case surpass solid solubility limit, seriously isolate matrix, become stress raiser, greatly reduce the mechanical property of aluminium alloy.According to the pertinent data report, when the iron amount in aluminium alloy increased to 0.6% from 0.25%, its ultimate strength was down to 260～285 MPa from 370～395 MPa, and elongation is down to 3%～4% from 12%～13%; When iron level surpassed 1%, shock strength also can reduce greatly.In addition, thick Needle like Iron Phase is at the early origin of process of setting, hindered liquid metal the flowing of Feeding channel, and causes casting flaw.This shows that the existence of iron can make the mechanical property of aluminium alloy significantly descend.But the research of ferroaluminium rete must lay particular emphasis on the content that increases Fe, to improve its hardness and wear-resisting, resistance toheat.Although the research for ferroaluminium and rete has obtained remarkable progress at present, so that ferroaluminium has been given full play to its advantageous effect in some aspects, and be applied aborning.But, the methods such as the rapid solidification of employing, rotary casting, its complicated process of preparation, apparatus expensive, product size are limited, are subject to certain limitation in industrial application.Therefore, still be necessary to further investigate the method for making ferroaluminium.
The hot-spraying techniques that 20 beginnings of the century occurred, development through a century, be widely used in every field, also there is the people that ferro-aluminium is made powder both at home and abroad, then process with heat spraying method, form the ferro-aluminium coating on the structured material surface workpiece can be applied in the high-temperature corrosion environment.
The present invention realizes the surfaces of aluminum iron alloy of fine aluminium sample belonging to a kind of novel rafifinal surface-alloying process field by a kind of method based on vacuum evaporation.
Summary of the invention
The processing method that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of surface of pure aluminum ferroaluminium.
The present invention is a kind of processing method of the ferroaluminium based on vacuum deposition method, it is characterized in that having following process and step:
A. at first with the fine aluminium specimen surface through sand paper and silicon carbide polish successively, polish, wash, the processing such as dry;
B. the pure aluminum substrate sample is put into vacuum coater, evaporation source adopts high-purity iron plate (99.99%), and through alkali cleaning, washing, acetone wash, the preprocessing process such as dry.During plated film, the base vacuum degree is 320 ~ 30 torr, and the pure aluminum substrate temperature is 40 ℃, and the evaporation temperature is 900 ~ 1000 ℃; Thickness of coating is 1 μ m ~ 10 μ m; Coating Fe content is 10% ~ 30%;
C. the steel plate with the aluminium coating iron alloy layer places in the hydrogen atmosphere stove; Temperature rise rate is controlled at 10-20 ℃/min and is warming up to 200-600 ℃ under hydrogen atmosphere, and soaking time is 4h, and furnace cooling finally obtains ferroaluminium coating.
Advantage of the present invention is simple for process.By adjusting evaporation current and depositing time, under different evaporation speed, prepare the Al-Fe alloy firm of different thickness.Under hydrogen atmosphere, hot environment is infiltrated the fine aluminium specimen surface uniformly in the time of highly active Fe atom utilization reduction; Simultaneously the purpose that nanometer layer thickness reaches the control surface iron level be can control, commercial-purity aluminium surface hardness and wear resisting property thereof improved greatly.
Embodiment
Now specific embodiments of the invention are described below:
Embodiment one
At first with the fine aluminium specimen surface through sand paper and silicon carbide polish successively, polish, wash, the processing such as dry;
2. the matrix sample is put into vacuum coater, evaporation source adopts high-purity iron plate (99.99%), and through alkali cleaning, washing, acetone wash, the preprocessing process such as dry.During plated film, the base vacuum degree is 20 torr, and substrate temperature is 40 ℃, and the evaporation temperature is 950 ℃; Final surface coverage layer thickness is 1.8 μ m, and wherein Fe content is 10%.
3. the aluminium sheet that will cover micron layer places in the hydrogen atmosphere stove.Temperature rise rate is controlled at 15 ℃/min and is warming up to 200 ℃ under hydrogen atmosphere, and soaking time is 4h, furnace cooling.
Then the aluminium sheet after will processing carries out the Vickers' hardness test and surveys its wear resistance by wear test.
Embodiment two
At first with the fine aluminium specimen surface through sand paper and silicon carbide polish successively, polish, wash, the processing such as dry;
2. the matrix sample is put into vacuum coater, evaporation source adopts high-purity iron plate (99.99%), and through alkali cleaning, washing, acetone wash, the preprocessing process such as dry.During plated film, the base vacuum degree is 20 torr, and substrate temperature is 40 ℃, and the evaporation temperature is 950 ℃; Final surface coverage layer thickness is 3.1 μ m, and wherein Fe content is 10%.
3. the steel plate that will cover micron layer places in the hydrogen atmosphere stove.Temperature rise rate is controlled at 15 ℃/min and is warming up to 200 ℃ under hydrogen atmosphere, and soaking time is 4h, furnace cooling.
Then the aluminium sheet after will processing carries out the Vickers' hardness test and surveys its wear resistance by wear test.
Embodiment three
At first with the fine aluminium specimen surface through sand paper and silicon carbide polish successively, polish, wash, the processing such as dry;
2. the matrix sample is put into vacuum coater, evaporation source adopts high-purity iron plate (99.99%), and through alkali cleaning, washing, acetone wash, the preprocessing process such as dry.During plated film, the base vacuum degree is 25 torr, and substrate temperature is 40 ℃, and the evaporation temperature is 1000 ℃; Final surface coverage layer thickness is 4.5 μ m, and wherein Fe content is 20%.
3. the aluminium sheet that will cover micron layer places in the hydrogen atmosphere stove.Temperature rise rate is controlled at 15 ℃/min and is warming up to 400 ℃ under hydrogen atmosphere, and soaking time is 4h, furnace cooling.
Then the aluminium sheet after will processing carries out the Vickers' hardness test and surveys its wear resistance by wear test.
Embodiment four
At first with the fine aluminium specimen surface through sand paper and silicon carbide polish successively, polish, wash, the processing such as dry;
2. the matrix sample is put into vacuum coater, evaporation source adopts high-purity iron plate (99.99%), and through alkali cleaning, washing, acetone wash, the preprocessing process such as dry.During plated film, the base vacuum degree is 20 torr, and substrate temperature is 40 ℃, and the evaporation temperature is 950 ℃; Final surface coverage layer thickness is 4.7 μ m, and wherein Fe content is 20%.
3. the aluminium sheet that will cover micron layer places in the hydrogen atmosphere stove.Temperature rise rate is controlled at 15 ℃/min and is warming up to 600 ℃ under hydrogen atmosphere, and soaking time is 4h, furnace cooling.
Then the aluminium sheet after will processing carries out the Vickers' hardness test and surveys its wear resistance by wear test.
Embodiment five
At first with the fine aluminium specimen surface through sand paper and silicon carbide polish successively, polish, wash, the processing such as dry;
2. the matrix sample is put into vacuum coater, evaporation source adopts high-purity iron plate (99.99%), and through alkali cleaning, washing, acetone wash, the preprocessing process such as dry.During plated film, the base vacuum degree is 30 torr, and substrate temperature is 40 ℃, and the evaporation temperature is 950 ℃; Final surface coverage layer thickness is 4.3 μ m, and wherein Fe content is 30%.
3. the aluminium sheet that will cover micron layer places in the hydrogen atmosphere stove.Temperature rise rate is controlled at 15 ℃/min and is warming up to 600 ℃ under hydrogen atmosphere, and soaking time is 4h, furnace cooling.
Then the aluminium sheet after will processing carries out the Vickers' hardness test and surveys its wear resistance by wear test.
Embodiment six
At first with the fine aluminium specimen surface through sand paper and silicon carbide polish successively, polish, wash, the processing such as dry;
2. the matrix sample is put into vacuum coater, evaporation source adopts high-purity iron plate (99.99%), and through alkali cleaning, washing, acetone wash, the preprocessing process such as dry.During plated film, the base vacuum degree is 20 torr, and substrate temperature is 40 ℃, and the evaporation temperature is 1000 ℃; Final surface coverage layer thickness is 7.8 μ m, and wherein Fe content is 30%.
3. the aluminium sheet that will cover micron layer places in the hydrogen atmosphere stove.Temperature rise rate is controlled at 15 ℃/min and is warming up to 400 ℃ under hydrogen atmosphere, and soaking time is 4h, furnace cooling.
Then the aluminium sheet after will processing carries out the Vickers' hardness test and surveys its wear resistance by wear test.
Then the aluminium sheet after will processing carries out the Vickers' hardness test and surveys its corrosive nature by the Ta Feier test.Embodiment the webster hardness of sample and the Ta Feier test relatively see the following form 1.
By upper table 1 as can be known, by high purity iron (〉 99.9%) vacuum evaporation is to surface of pure aluminum, the wear resistance of the rafifinal after Overheating Treatment and hardness all improve greatly.
Claims (1)
1. processing method based on the ferroaluminium of vacuum deposition method is characterized in that having following process and step:
A. at first with the fine aluminium specimen surface through sand paper and silicon carbide polish successively, polish, wash, the processing such as dry;
B. the pure aluminum substrate sample is put into vacuum coater, evaporation source adopts high-purity iron plate (99.99%), and through alkali cleaning, washing, acetone wash, the preprocessing process such as dry; During plated film, the base vacuum degree is 20 ~ 30 torr, and the pure aluminum substrate temperature is 40 ℃, and the evaporation temperature is 900 ~ 1000 ℃; Thickness of coating is 1 μ m ~ 10 μ m; Coating Fe content is 10% ~ 30%;
C. the aluminium sheet with the aluminium coating iron plating places in the hydrogen atmosphere stove; Temperature rise rate is controlled at 10-20 ℃/min and is warming up to 200-600 ℃ under hydrogen atmosphere, and soaking time is 4h, and furnace cooling finally obtains ferroaluminium coating.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103540932A (en) * | 2013-10-11 | 2014-01-29 | 上海大学 | Method for preparing copper-zinc alloy layer on surface of low-carbon steel |
| CN111636064A (en) * | 2020-06-16 | 2020-09-08 | 西安石油大学 | Preparation method of Fe-Al intermetallic compound porous material |
Citations (4)
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| CN1166536A (en) * | 1996-05-27 | 1997-12-03 | 杨清平 | Aluminium-clad steel- and iron-base workpieces and their aluminium-cladding method |
| CN101269562A (en) * | 2008-04-17 | 2008-09-24 | 湖北工业大学 | Fe-Al intermetallic compound/AL2O3ceramic composite coating and method of producing the same |
| CN101638788A (en) * | 2008-07-28 | 2010-02-03 | 沈阳工业大学 | Process for preparing antioxidant and wear-resistant layer on surface of copper |
| CN102154617A (en) * | 2011-03-28 | 2011-08-17 | 上海大学 | Cold rolled low-carbon steel surface silicon infiltration alloying method |
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2012
- 2012-09-28 CN CN2012103663271A patent/CN102864415A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1166536A (en) * | 1996-05-27 | 1997-12-03 | 杨清平 | Aluminium-clad steel- and iron-base workpieces and their aluminium-cladding method |
| CN101269562A (en) * | 2008-04-17 | 2008-09-24 | 湖北工业大学 | Fe-Al intermetallic compound/AL2O3ceramic composite coating and method of producing the same |
| CN101638788A (en) * | 2008-07-28 | 2010-02-03 | 沈阳工业大学 | Process for preparing antioxidant and wear-resistant layer on surface of copper |
| CN102154617A (en) * | 2011-03-28 | 2011-08-17 | 上海大学 | Cold rolled low-carbon steel surface silicon infiltration alloying method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 郭德博: "铝合金的机械合金化研究", 《广西大学硕士学位论文》, 15 September 2005 (2005-09-15), pages 9 - 10 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103540932A (en) * | 2013-10-11 | 2014-01-29 | 上海大学 | Method for preparing copper-zinc alloy layer on surface of low-carbon steel |
| CN111636064A (en) * | 2020-06-16 | 2020-09-08 | 西安石油大学 | Preparation method of Fe-Al intermetallic compound porous material |
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Application publication date: 20130109 |