CN102859138A - 内燃机 - Google Patents

内燃机 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102859138A
CN102859138A CN2010800664303A CN201080066430A CN102859138A CN 102859138 A CN102859138 A CN 102859138A CN 2010800664303 A CN2010800664303 A CN 2010800664303A CN 201080066430 A CN201080066430 A CN 201080066430A CN 102859138 A CN102859138 A CN 102859138A
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valve
exhaust
exhaust gas
control unit
combustion engine
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宇野幸树
桥本英次
森泰一
藤原成启
花田俊一
神庭千佳
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D13/00Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
    • F02D13/02Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
    • F02D13/06Cutting-out cylinders
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0828Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
    • F01N3/0842Nitrogen oxides
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/103Oxidation catalysts for HC and CO only
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/105General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
    • F01N3/106Auxiliary oxidation catalysts
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/2033Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using a fuel burner or introducing fuel into exhaust duct
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/204Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using an exhaust gas igniter, e.g. a spark or glow plug, without introducing fuel into exhaust duct
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D13/00Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
    • F02D13/02Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
    • F02D13/0203Variable control of intake and exhaust valves
    • F02D13/0215Variable control of intake and exhaust valves changing the valve timing only
    • F02D13/0219Variable control of intake and exhaust valves changing the valve timing only by shifting the phase, i.e. the opening periods of the valves are constant
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F01L13/0005Deactivating valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/02Valve drive
    • F01L1/04Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
    • F01L1/047Camshafts
    • F01L1/053Camshafts overhead type
    • F01L2001/0537Double overhead camshafts [DOHC]
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/34Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift
    • F01L1/344Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear
    • F01L2001/34486Location and number of the means for changing the angular relationship
    • F01L2001/34496Two phasers on different camshafts
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F01L13/0005Deactivating valves
    • F01L2013/001Deactivating cylinders
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2800/00Methods of operation using a variable valve timing mechanism
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L9/00Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
    • F01L9/10Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by fluid means, e.g. hydraulic
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L9/00Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
    • F01L9/20Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/14Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a fuel burner
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/30Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a fuel reformer
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/10Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance
    • F01N2610/102Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance after addition to exhaust gases, e.g. by a passively or actively heated surface in the exhaust conduit
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/101Three-way catalysts
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)

Abstract

本发明所涉及的内燃机具备:设置于排气通路的排气处理装置;和设置于排气处理装置的上游侧、用于使排气温度升温的燃烧器装置。当通过燃烧器装置的废气的流量在规定值以上时,对进气门以及排气门中的至少一方的气门驱动状态进行控制,以减少废气流量。能够防止或者抑制燃烧器装置中的火焰的吹熄,能够确保充分的点火性能。

Description

内燃机
技术领域
本发明涉及内燃机,特别是涉及将用于使排气温度升温的燃烧器装置设置于排气通路内的排气处理装置的上游侧的内燃机。
背景技术
存在如下的情况:在内燃机的排气通路中,在排气处理装置(催化剂等)的上游侧设置燃烧器装置,利用由燃烧器装置生成的加热气体使排气温度升温,对排气处理装置进行加热,从而促进排气处理装置的暖机。
专利文献1中公开了一种催化剂升温装置,该催化剂升温装置具备:添加阀,该添加阀喷射燃料;以及点火单元,该点火单元具有用于使喷射燃料点火的发热部。添加阀和点火单元配设在从添加阀喷射的燃料与发热部直接接触的位置。这样,上述的燃烧器装置典型的是利用适当的点火单元对被喷射至排气通路内的燃料进行点火而使其燃烧的装置。
然而,对于燃烧器装置的点火性能,当通过该燃烧器装置的废气流量增大至规定值以上时,存在点火性能降低的倾向。其原因在于:当废气流量大时,火焰被废气吹熄,从而难以进行点火。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的之一在于提供一种即便在通过燃烧器装置的废气流量增大时也能够确保充分的点火性能的内燃机。
专利文献1:日本特开2006-112401号公报
根据本发明的一个实施方式,提供一种内燃机,其特征在于,该内燃机具备:排气处理装置,该排气处理装置设置于排气通路;燃烧器装置,该燃烧器装置设置于上述排气处理装置的上游侧,用于使排气温度升温;以及气门驱动控制单元,当通过上述燃烧器装置的废气的流量在规定值以上时,上述气门驱动控制单元控制进气门以及排气门中的至少一方的气门驱动状态,以减少上述废气流量。
通过这样对气门驱动状态进行控制,以减少废气流量,能够防止或者抑制火焰的吹熄,从而能够确保充分的点火性能。
优选形成为,上述气门驱动控制单元具有:气门正时可变机构,该气门正时可变机构用于使上述排气门的气门正时能够变化;以及第一控制单元,当上述废气流量在规定值以上时,上述第一控制单元控制上述气门正时可变机构,以维持上述排气门的开阀状态直到排气行程结束后的活塞下降过程中。
当维持排气门的开阀状态直到排气行程结束后的活塞下降过程中时,能够利用活塞下降时的负压将废气吸回燃烧室内,能够减少朝燃烧器装置输送的废气的流量。因此,能够适当地确保充分的点火性能。
优选形成为,上述气门驱动控制单元具有:休止机构,该休止机构用于使多个气缸中的一部分气缸的上述进气门以及上述排气门中的至少一方休止;以及第二控制单元,当上述废气流量在规定值以上时,上述第二控制单元控制上述休止机构,以使上述一部分气缸的上述进气门以及上述排气门中的至少一方休止。
当使一部分气缸的进气门以及排气门中的至少一方休止时,不从这一部分气缸朝燃烧器装置输送废气,能够减少从所有气缸排出的总计废气流量。因此,能够适当地确保充分的点火性能。
优选形成为,上述内燃机还具备检测单元,该检测单元检测作为上述废气流量的代用值的进气量,当由上述检测单元检测出的进气量在规定值以上时,上述气门驱动控制单元控制上述进气门以及上述排气门中的至少一方的气门驱动状态,以减少上述废气流量。
优选形成为,上述燃烧器装置包括燃料添加阀、点火单元以及前处理催化转化器。
附图说明
图1是本发明的实施方式的概要图。
图2是示出燃烧器装置的纵剖侧视图。
图3是从上游侧观察燃烧器装置时的纵剖主视图。
图4是示出使排气门延迟关闭时的情形的简图。
图5是示出使进气门以及排气门休止时的情形的简图。
具体实施方式
以下,对本发明的优选实施方式进行详细说明。但是,应当注意:本发明的实施方式并不限于下述各实施方式,本发明包括被包含于由权利要求书规定的本发明的思想的所有变形例、应用例。对于实施方式所记载的构成要素的尺寸、材质、形状、相对配置等,只要没有特意进行特定的记载,则并非意图将发明的技术范围仅限定于此。
图1示出实施方式的发动机主体1及其进排气***的简要结构。发动机主体1是车载的四冲程柴油机。在发动机主体1连接有进气管2以及排气管3(排气通路)。在进气管2的中途设置有输出与在进气管2内流通的吸气的流量相应的信号的空气流量计4。利用该空气流量计4来检测每单位时间流入发动机主体1的进气量(即吸气流量)。另外,发动机主体1具有多个气缸,且在各气缸设置有缸内燃料喷射阀8,然而,在图1中仅示出单一的缸内燃料喷射阀9。
排气管3的终端与未图示的消音器连接,并在消音器的出口与大气相通。在排气管3的中途,从上游侧开始依次串联配置有氧化催化转化器6以及NOx催化转化器26。
氧化催化转化器6使HC、CO等未燃烧成分与O2而形成CO、CO2、H2O等。作为催化剂物质例如能够使用Pt/CeO2、Mn/CeO2、Fe/CeO2、Ni/CeO2、Cu/CeO2等。
NOx催化转化器26优选由吸留还原型NOx催化转化器(NSR:NOxStorage Reduction)构成。NOx催化转化器26具有当流入的排气的氧浓度高时吸留排气中的NOx、当流入的排气的氧浓度降低且存在还原成分(例如燃料等)时将所吸留的NOx还原的功能。NOx催化转化器26通过在由氧化铝Al2O3等氧化物形成的基材表面担载作为催化剂成分的白金Pt之类的贵金属和NOx吸收成分而构成。NOx吸收成分例如由从钾K、钠Na、锂Li、铯Cs之类的碱金属,钡Ba、钙Ca之类的碱土金属、镧La、钇Y之类的稀土类金属中选出的至少一种构成。另外,NOx催化转化器26也可以是选择还原型NOx催化转化器(SCR:Selective Catalytic Reduction)。
除了上述氧化催化转化器6以及NOx催化转化器26之外,也可以设置有捕集排气中的煤等微粒(PM、颗粒)的颗粒过滤器(DPF)。优选DPF由担载有由贵金属形成的催化剂、使所捕集到的微粒连续地氧化燃烧的连续再生式的DPF。优选DPF至少配置在氧化催化转化器26的下游侧、且是NOx催化转化器26的上游侧或者下游侧。另外,在为火花点火式内燃机的情况下,优选在排气通路设置有三元催化器。上述氧化催化转化器6、NOx催化转化器26、DPF以及三元催化器相当于本发明的排气处理装置。
在排气管3中的氧化催化转化器6的上游侧配置有燃烧器装置30。燃烧器装置30包括燃料添加阀7、作为点火单元的电热塞21、以及前处理催化转化器8。燃烧器装置30配置于相比与发动机主体1连接的排气歧管(未图示)的集合部靠下游侧的位置。
如图2以及图3所详细示出的那样,燃料添加阀7能够朝排气中添加液体燃料(轻油)。燃料添加阀7具有单一的喷孔7a。喷孔7a的中心轴包括横截排气管3的方向的分量、且朝向排气管3的下游而朝斜下方倾斜。另外,喷孔也可以是多个。
在排气管3中的燃料添加阀7与氧化催化转化器6之间的部分设置有对从燃料添加阀7喷射的燃料进行改性的前处理催化转化器8。该前处理催化转化器8例如能够构成为在沸石制的载体上担载有铑等的氧化催化转化器。
当朝前处理催化转化器8供给燃料时,若此时前处理催化转化器8已活性化,则在前处理催化转化器8内使燃料氧化,并利用此时产生的氧化反应热使前处理催化转化器8升温。因此,能够使通过前处理催化转化器8的废气升温。
并且,当前处理催化转化器8的温度变高时,燃料中的碳数多的烃分解,生成碳数少而反应性高的烃,由此,燃料被改性成反应性高的燃料。
换言之,前处理催化转化器8一方面构成急速发热的急速发热器,另一方面构成排出改性后的燃料的改性燃料排出器。并且,从燃料添加阀7供给的燃料的一部分或者全部由电热塞21点火,由此也促进了废气的升温。
前处理催化转化器8的外径小于排气管3的内径,当前处理催化转化器8被收纳于排气管3时,排气能够通过前处理催化转化器8的外周面与排气管3的内周面之间的间隙亦即催化剂迂回通路3a。前处理催化转化器8呈各个单元从上游朝下游连通的所谓直流型。前处理催化转化器8配置在大致圆筒状的外框8内,该外框8由大致呈放射状配置的多个支柱8b支承在排气管3内。前处理催化转化器8遍及除了支柱8b的安装部之外的实质上的整周都被催化剂迂回通路3a包围。
排气管3形成为大致圆筒形状。前处理催化转化器8的在排气流动方向上的轴心相比排气管3的在排气流动方向上的轴心偏向图中下侧。因此,对于上述的催化剂迂回通路3a,图中上侧为宽广的宽广侧迂回通路3b,下侧为狭窄的狭小侧迂回通路3c。
电热塞21以其发热部21a位于相比燃料添加阀7靠下游侧、且相比前处理催化转化器8靠上游侧的位置的方式设置。电热塞21经由未图示的升压电路与车载直流电源连接,当通电时,发热部21a发热。能够利用在发热部21a产生的热对从燃料添加阀7供给的燃料进行点火而产生火焰F。电热塞21的轴心朝排气管3的上游倾斜,但例如也可以以与流动方向正交、或与后述的碰撞板20的长边方向平行的方式配置等,能够以任意的姿态配置。另外,作为点火单元,能够使用陶瓷加热器、火花塞等其他的装置,尤其是能够使用电热式或者火花点火式的装置。
收纳前处理催化转化器8的外框8a的前端部的下部形成为朝上游侧突出的檐沟状的突出部8c。在突出部8c的末端部(上游端部)且是上端部固定有由平板构成的碰撞板20。碰撞板20位于相比排气管3的轴线靠下游侧的位置、且以下游端与上游端相比位于下侧的方式稍稍倾斜。
碰撞板20能够由SUS等耐热性以及耐冲击性优异的材料形成。燃料添加阀7朝碰撞板20向斜后下方喷射燃料。燃料添加阀7的喷孔7a的中心轴朝向碰撞板20的上表面的中心20a。从燃料添加阀7供给的燃料的轨道包含横截排气管3的方向的分量。碰撞板20通过与燃料碰撞而促进燃料的微粒化、雾化,从而提高分散性、扩散性。与碰撞板20碰撞后的燃料借助排气流而偏向下游侧。与碰撞板20碰撞后的燃料被朝前处理催化转化器8以及电热塞21的发热部21a供给。
电热塞21的发热部21a配置在前处理催化转化器8的附近,配置在相比前处理催化转化器8的前端面稍靠上游侧、且位于上方的位置,由此,使得能够与前处理催化转化器8进行热交换。即,电热塞21配置于如下位置:当前处理催化转化器8升温时,通过其热辐射以及对流,电热塞21的发热部21a附近升温,从而促进从燃料添加阀7供给的燃料的点火的位置。其中,电热塞21的发热部21a的在流动方向上的位置可以与前处理催化转化器8的前端面相同、也可以相比前端面靠下游侧。
如图1所示,在发动机主体1一并设置有用于根据发动机主体1的运转状态、驾驶者的要求等对各种器件进行控制的电子控制单元(以下称作ECU)10。该ECU 10构成为具备:执行与发动机控制相关的各种运算处理的CPU;存储该控制中所需要的程序、数据的ROM;临时存储CPU的运算结果的RAM;用于与外部之间进行信号的输入输出的输入输出端口。
在ECU 10,除了连接有上述的空气流量计4之外,还经由电气配线连接有包括检测发动机主体1的曲轴转角的曲轴转角传感器24、输出与加速器开度相应的电信号的油门开度传感器25在内的各种传感器类,这些传感器类的输出信号被输入ECU 10。并且,在ECU 10,经由电气配线连接有包括缸内燃料喷射阀9、燃料添加阀7以及电热塞21在内的各种器件,这些器件由ECU 10控制。ECU 10能够基于空气流量计4的输出值检测进气量、基于曲轴转角传感器24的输出值检测发动机转速、基于加速器开度传感器25的输出值检测发动机主体1的要求负载。
此外,在发动机主体1还设置有由于使各气缸的进气门以及排气门的气门正时变化的进气侧气门正时可变机构41以及排气侧气门正时可变机构42。上述可变机构41、42分别是变更进气凸轮轴43以及排气凸轮轴44相对于曲轴的相对相位,使进气门以及排气门的开闭正时在保持相同的作用角的前提下变更的机构。上述个边机构41、42也包含于各种器件,并由ECU 10控制。
在本实施方式中,当实施使用燃烧器装置30进行的升温控制时,ECU 10对燃料添加阀7以及电热塞21进行控制。即,使燃料添加阀7喷射燃料,并对电热塞21适当通电而使之成为足够的高温。喷射的燃料由电热塞21点火而燃烧,由此生成火焰F,生成高温的加热气体。该加热气体被供给至氧化催化转化器6以及NOx催化转化器26。并且,能够利用火焰F、加热气体使从前处理催化转化器8的出口排出的改性燃料燃烧。
从燃料添加阀7喷射的燃料的量按照预先存储于ECU 10的ROM内的设定表基于表示发动机运转状态的参数(内燃机转速、加速器开度、进气量等)设定。
如上所述,燃烧器装置30的点火性能存在当通过该燃烧器装置30的废气流量增大至规定值以上时降低的倾向。其原因在于:当废气流量大时,火焰被废气吹熄,从而变得难以点火。
例如,当废气流量增大至12g/s以上时,能够观察到这种火焰的吹熄现象。
因此,在本实施方式中,作为对策,当通过燃烧器装置30的废气的流量在规定值以上时,对进气门以及排气门中的至少一方的气门驱动状态进行控制,以减少废气流量。通过这样控制气门驱动状态,使通过燃烧器装置30的废气的流量减少,从而能够防止或者抑制火焰的吹熄,能够确保良好且充分的点火性能。
更具体地说,当通过燃烧器装置30的废气的流量在规定值以上时,对排气侧气门正时可变机构42进行控制,以维持排气门的开阀状态直到排气行程结束后的活塞下降过程中。
如图4所示,当维持排气门13的开阀状态直到排气行程结束后且活塞12的下降过程中(即使排气门13延迟关闭)时,能够利用活塞下降时的负压将废气吸回燃烧室14内(即执行内部EGR),从而减少朝排气管3、进而朝燃烧器装置30输送的废气的流量。由此,即便当废气流量增大至规定值以上时,也能够防止或者抑制火焰的吹熄,能够确保良好且充分的点火性能。另外,在图4中,15表示进气门,16表示与进气管2连通的进气口,17表示与排气管3连通的排气口。
废气流量能够利用传感器直接检测,但是,优选为:使用进气量Ga作为废气流量的代用值,并利用空气流量计4以及ECU 10检测该进气量Ga。当使用空气流量计4检测到的进气量Ga在规定值(例如12g/s)以上时,ECU 10对排气侧气门正时可变机构42进行控制,在排气行程结束后且活塞下降过程中的规定的第一正时使排气门13闭阀(具体而言为使闭阀动作结束)。这样,从排气上止点前到排气上止点后的第一正时,排气门13维持开阀状态。另一方面,当使用空气流量计4检测到的进气量Ga小于上述规定值时,ECU 10对排气侧气门正时可变机构42进行控制,在早于上述第一正时的规定的第二正时使排气门3闭阀。
其次,对其他的实施方式进行说明。该其他的实施方式与上述实施方式大致相同,以下,以不同点为中心进行说明。
在该其他的实施方式中,如图5所示,设置有使多个气缸中的一部分气缸的进气门15以及排气门13中的至少一方休止的休止机构。在被实施方式中,休止机构由进气侧休止机构18和排气侧休止机构19构成,进气侧休止机构18设置于上述一部分气缸亦即可休止气缸的进气门15,排气侧休止机构19设置于可休止气缸的排气门13。在可休止气缸中,针对各气缸设置有上述进气侧休止机构18和排气侧休止机构19,且分别单独地由ECU 10控制。
上述休止机构18、19能够采用公知的各种机构。例如,能够采用借助液压控制等使凸轮轴上的凸轮选择性地空转的机构,或选择性地不传递从凸轮轴朝向气门的驱动力的机构等。或者,能够使用电磁驱动阀而电气地使气门成为非工作状态。在本实施方式中,除了休止机构18、19之外还设置有气门正时可变机构41、42,但也可以省略气门正时可变机构41、42。可休止气缸的数量、位置是任意的。在可休止气缸中,也可以仅设置有进气侧休止机构18以及排气侧休止机构19中的任一方。
在本实施方式中,当通过燃烧器装置30的废气的流量在规定值以上时,如图5所示,对进气侧休止机构18以及排气侧休止机构19进行控制,使可休止气缸的进气门15以及排气门13双方休止。在休止状态下,进气门15以及排气门13被维持在闭阀状态。当然,在休止时不从缸内燃料喷射阀9(图5中省略)喷射燃料。另外,休止时,也可以仅使进气门15、或者仅使排气门13休止。关键是,只要切断进气口16和进气管2与排气口17和排气管3之间的连通状态即可。
当这样在可休止气缸中使进气门15以及排气门13的至少一方休止时,并不从可休止气缸朝排气管3、进而朝燃烧器装置30输送废气。由此,能够减少从所有气缸排出的总计废气流量,即便当废气流量增大至规定值以上时,也能够从该增大时的流量减少废气流量。由此,能够防止或者抑制火焰的吹熄,能够确保良好且充分的点火性能。
与上述同样,能够利用传感器直接检测废气流量,但优选使用进气量Ga作为废气流量的代用值,并利用空气流量计4以及ECU 10检测该进气量Ga。当使用空气流量计4检测到的进气量Ga在规定值(例如12g/s)以上时,ECU 10对进气侧休止机构18以及排气侧休止机构19进行控制,以使可休止气缸中的进气门15以及排气门13双方休止。由此,可休止气缸成为休止状态,此外的气缸(普通气缸)成为工作状态。另一方面,当使用空气流量计4检测到的进气量Ga小于上述规定值时,ECU 10对进气侧休止机构18以及排气侧休止机构19进行控制,以使可休止气缸中的进气门15以及排气门13双方工作。由此,可休止气缸和普通气缸均成为工作状态。
以上,带有某种程度的具体性地对本发明进行了说明,但是,应当理解,能够在不脱离要求保护的发明的精神、范围的前提下进行各种改变、变更。本发明的实施方式并不仅限于上述的各实施方式,还包括包含于由权利要求书规定的本发明的思想的所有变形例、应用例。因而,本发明并不应当进行限定性的解释,也能够应用于归属于本发明的思想范围内的其他的任意技术。用于解决本发明的课题的手段能够在可能的前提下组合使用。
前处理催化转化器以及排气管中的至少一方也可以形成为截面椭圆形、长圆形等非圆形。存在于相比前处理催化转化器靠下游侧的位置的排气处理装置的种类、排列顺序是任意的。

Claims (5)

1.一种内燃机,其特征在于,
所述内燃机具备:
排气处理装置,该排气处理装置设置于排气通路;
燃烧器装置,该燃烧器装置设置于所述排气处理装置的上游侧,用于使排气温度升温;以及
气门驱动控制单元,当通过所述燃烧器装置的废气的流量在规定值以上时,所述气门驱动控制单元控制进气门以及排气门中的至少一方的气门驱动状态,以减少所述废气流量。
2.根据权利要求1所述的内燃机,其特征在于,
所述气门驱动控制单元具有:
气门正时可变机构,该气门正时可变机构用于使所述排气门的气门正时能够变化;以及
第一控制单元,当所述废气流量在规定值以上时,所述第一控制单元控制所述气门正时可变机构,以维持所述排气门的开阀状态直到排气行程结束后的活塞下降过程中。
3.根据权利要求1所述的内燃机,其特征在于,
所述气门驱动控制单元具有:
休止机构,该休止机构用于使多个气缸中的一部分气缸的所述进气门以及所述排气门中的至少一方休止;以及
第二控制单元,当所述废气流量在规定值以上时,所述第二控制单元控制所述休止机构,以使所述一部分气缸的所述进气门以及所述排气门中的至少一方休止。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的内燃机,其特征在于,
所述内燃机还具备检测单元,该检测单元检测作为所述废气流量的代用值的进气量,
当由所述检测单元检测出的进气量在规定值以上时,所述气门驱动控制单元控制所述进气门以及所述排气门中的至少一方的气门驱动状态,以减少所述废气流量。
5.根据权利要求1~4中任一项所述的内燃机,其特征在于,
所述燃烧器装置包括燃料添加阀、点火单元以及前处理催化转化器。
CN2010800664303A 2010-04-26 2010-04-26 内燃机 Pending CN102859138A (zh)

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