CN102855954A - 14MeV中子热化装置 - Google Patents

14MeV中子热化装置 Download PDF

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CN102855954A
CN102855954A CN2011101807349A CN201110180734A CN102855954A CN 102855954 A CN102855954 A CN 102855954A CN 2011101807349 A CN2011101807349 A CN 2011101807349A CN 201110180734 A CN201110180734 A CN 201110180734A CN 102855954 A CN102855954 A CN 102855954A
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neutron
thermal
thermalization
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14mev
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程道文
李鑫
韩冬
向鹏
韦韧
董小刚
孙正昊
兰民
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Changchun University of Technology
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Abstract

一种热化效率较高的“14MeV中子热化装置”。用快中子反射层反射D-T中子发生器发射的、远离热中子准直通道出口的14MeV中子,使热化效率提高185.10%。先用快中子慢化层和中子慢化层依次慢化14MeV中子,使热化效率提高36.81%。用聚乙烯作为中子慢化、热化材料,价格远低于重水,热化效率比水高1.01%。用中子反射层反射远离热中子准直通道出口的中子,使热化效率提高537.97%。用热中子聚集层使热中子在准直通道内聚集、准直,使热化效率提高80.28%。此装置可以作为热中子源,用于硼中子俘获治疗、热中子照相等。

Description

14MeV中子热化装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用多种材料、多层结构热化14MeV快中子的装置,可以作为热中子源,用于硼中子俘获治疗以及热中子照相,属于核技术应用领域。
背景技术
以D-T中子发生器为中子源进行热中子照相、硼中子俘获治疗有许多优点:(1)不工作时,可以关断D-T中子发生器的电源,无中子辐照,容易防护;(2)D-T中子发生器体积小,可以制成小型装置,容易移动;(3)D-T中子发生器的造价低,容易推广。
D-T中子发生器产生的中子能量为14MeV,慢化、热化后才可以作为热中子源。由于D-T中子发生器的强度远低于反应堆,所以在慢化体材料的选择以及慢化体结构的设计等方面需要优化。
为了提高14MeV中子的热化效率,本发明用多种材料、多层结构对其进行慢化、热化,其热化效率明显高于单一材料、单一结构的热化效率。本发明的热化效率定义为:
Figure BSA00000528145300011
发明内容
本发明提供一种“14MeV中子热化装置”,所要解决的技术问题是提高14MeV中子的热化效率。
为了实现上述目标,本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:
一种“14MeV中子热化装置”,包括D-T中子发生器,热中子准直通道,快中子反射层,中子慢化层,快中子慢化层,热中子聚集层以及中子反射层。
热中子准直通道的直径(D)为2cm,可以用于硼中子俘获治疗。长度(L)为40cm,准直比(L/D)为20,可以用于热中子照相。
中子显电中性,D-T中子发生器发射的14MeV中子大约有一半沿着热中子准直通道的反向运行,为了提高中子利用率,增加热化装置的热化效率,本发明用快中子反射层对其进行反射,使热化效率提高 185.10 % ( = 1.0667 × 10 - 4 - 3.7450 × 10 - 5 3.7450 × 10 - 5 ) .
中子的慢化、热化主要是通过中子与慢化体内原子核的碰撞来实现的。所以,常用富含氢元素的材料对中子进行慢化、热化,如聚乙烯,水,重水等。重水的热化效率虽然略高于聚乙烯和水,但是其价格太高,所以本发明采用聚乙烯对中子进行慢化、热化,其热化效率比用水高 1.01 % ( = 1.0667 × 10 - 4 - 1.0570 × 10 - 4 1.0570 × 10 - 4 ) .
中子慢化层中对中子慢化、热化起主要作用的是氢元素,其慢化的最佳区域是中子能量为2MeV左右。所以,本发明在快中子慢化层中用铅慢化14MeV中子,使其能量降低到2MeV左右,热化效率提高了 36.81 % ( = 1.0667 × 10 - 4 - 7.8040 × 10 - 5 7.8040 × 10 - 5 ) .
为了使热中子在热中子准直通道内聚集、准直,本发明用镁制作一个热中子聚集层,可以使热化效率提高 80.28 % ( = 1.0667 × 10 - 4 - 5.9224 × 10 - 5 5.9224 × 10 - 5 ) .
为了提高中子的利用率,本发明在中子慢化层的外部套一层铅,反射向外传播的中子,提高中子慢化层的中子通量,使热化效率提高 537.97 % ( = 1.0615 × 10 - 4 - 1.6736 × 10 5 1.6736 × 10 5 ) .
总之,在“14MeV中子热化装置”中,快中子反射层,快中子慢化层,热中子聚集层以及中子反射层都可以大幅度地提高14MeV中子的热化效率。而以水为慢化材料的中子慢化层的热化效率较高,价格最低,
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例进一步对本发明进行说明。
附图是本发明的结构方框图,主要由7部分组成:
1.D-T中子发生器:是一个半径为2.5cm,长为10cm的柱体。以D-T中子发生器的轴线为x轴,热中子准直通道出口为x轴正方向,以D-T中子发生器的靶(即产生中子的区域)为坐标原点。
2.快中子反射层:以x轴为轴线的圆柱体(去掉D-T中子发生器所占的区域),半径和厚度皆为60cm,材料为铅,用于反射沿x轴负向传播的快中子。
3.快中子慢化层:以x轴为轴线的圆柱壳,内径为1cm,外径为60cm,厚度为12.5cm,内部为铅,用于慢化快中子。
4.热中子准直通道:以x轴为轴线,半径为1cm,长为40cm的柱体,内部为真空,用于聚集、准直热中子。
5.热中子聚集层:以x轴为轴线的圆柱壳,内径为1cm,外径为6cm,长度为27.5cm,内部为镁,用于反射热中子准直通道内的热中子,使其在通道内聚集、准直。
6.中子慢化层:以x轴为轴线的圆柱壳,内径为6cm、外径为9.5cm,长度为27.5cm,内部为聚乙烯,用于慢化、热化中子。
7.中子反射层:以x轴为轴线的圆柱壳,内径为9.5cm、外径为60cm,长度为27.5cm,内部为铅,用于反射远离热中子准直通道的中子。
具体实施方式
图中,D-T中子发生器(1)发射的14MeV中子,约有50%沿着x轴的负向传播(vx<0),被快中子反射层(2)反射后,有部分中子沿着x轴的正向传播(vx>0)。原来沿x轴正向传播的中子以及反射后沿x轴正向传播的中子,只有很少一部分能够直接到达热中子准直通道(4)的出口。其它中子将被快中子慢化层(3)慢化,能量降至2MeV左右,然后被中子慢化层(6)、热中子聚集层(5)以及中子反射层(7)多次反射、慢化、热化。进入热中子准直通道(4)的热中子在热中子聚集层(5)的多次反射作用下,逐渐在热中子准直通道(4)内聚集、准直,最终到达中子准直通道(4)的出口。

Claims (5)

1.一种14MeV中子热化装置,由D-T中子发生器(1),快中子反射层(2),快中子慢化层(3),热中子准直通道(4),热中子聚集层(5),中子慢化层(6)以及中子反射层(7)构成,其特征是:用快中子反射层(2)反射D-T中子发生器(1)发射的、远离热中子准直通道(4)出口的14MeV中子,用快中子慢化层(3)和中子慢化层(6)依次慢化14MeV中子,用中子反射层(7)反射远离热中子准直通道(4)出口的中子,用热中子聚集层(5)使热中子在中子准直通道(4)内聚集、准直,提高出口处的热中子通量。
2.根据权利要求1所述的14MeV中子热化装置,其特征是:快中子反射层(2)是一个与D-T中子发生器(1)同轴的圆柱体(去掉D-T中子发生器(1)所占的区域),材料为铅。
3.根据权利要求1所述的14MeV中子热化装置,其特征是:快中子慢化层(3)是一个与D-T中子发生器(1)同轴的圆柱壳,材料为铅,位于热中子准直通道(4)外部。
4.根据权利要求1所述的14MeV中子热化装置,其特征是:热中子聚集层(5)是一个与D-T中子发生器(1)同轴的圆柱壳,材料为镁,位于热中子准直通道(4)和中子慢化层(6)之间。
5.根据权利要求1所述的14MeV中子热化装置,其特征是:中子反射层(7)是一个与D-T中子发生器(1)同轴的圆柱壳,材料为铅,位于中子慢化层(6)外部。
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CN104681106A (zh) * 2014-12-08 2015-06-03 西南科技大学 一种高通量中子通道
EP3091540A1 (de) * 2015-05-08 2016-11-09 Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Vorrichtung zur erzeugung von thermischen neutronenstrahlen mit hoher brillanz und herstellungsverfahren
CN106373630A (zh) * 2016-10-11 2017-02-01 吉林大学 一种中子慢化增殖准直装置
CN104575653B (zh) * 2013-10-15 2017-04-12 财团法人工业技术研究院 滤屏与中子束源

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104575653B (zh) * 2013-10-15 2017-04-12 财团法人工业技术研究院 滤屏与中子束源
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CN104681106A (zh) * 2014-12-08 2015-06-03 西南科技大学 一种高通量中子通道
EP3091540A1 (de) * 2015-05-08 2016-11-09 Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Vorrichtung zur erzeugung von thermischen neutronenstrahlen mit hoher brillanz und herstellungsverfahren
CN106373630A (zh) * 2016-10-11 2017-02-01 吉林大学 一种中子慢化增殖准直装置
CN106373630B (zh) * 2016-10-11 2018-03-02 吉林大学 一种中子慢化增殖准直装置

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