CN102853851A - Imaging system and imaging method for stellar field of computer simulated star sensors - Google Patents
Imaging system and imaging method for stellar field of computer simulated star sensors Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an imaging system for a stellar field of computer simulated star sensors. The imaging system comprises an observation star database, a user input end and an extension module. The user input end is created in optical design software ZEMAX and is applicable to setting the direction of an optical axis of an optical module in the optical design software ZEMAX and the quantity and sizes of pixels of an image surface detector. The extension module is applicable to calling the optical design software ZEMAX and comprises an observation star extracting module, a visual field position computing module and a pixel gray scale computing module. The optical design software ZEMAX further comprises a ray tracing module, and the pixel gray scale computing module outputs a digital star chart according to the set quantity and the set sizes of the pixels of the image surface detector and a received energy value. By the imaging system, star chart data matched with the detector can be obtained, image surface data are sampled and quantified by the pixel gray scale computing module according to the sizes and the quantity of the pixels, the sizes and the quantity of the pixels are inputted by a user, the brightness of each pixel is computed, and the digital star chart matched with the detector can be outputted.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to celestial navigation technology neighborhood, relate to a kind of imaging system and the formation method of computer simulation star sensor to obtain digital star chart that use.
Background technology
Star sensor is one of the highest attitude measurement instrument of present precision, has become the study hotspot in aerospace navigation field.In the star sensor research process, need a large amount of star charts to be used for feasibility and the performance of checking and assessment correlation technique, be used for program development, debugging, Performance Evaluation and model machine ground experiment.The present invention studies computer simulation stellar field formation method, proposes that a kind of the method for carrying out the imaging of computer simulation star sensor stellar field is obtained digital star chart based on existing optical design system platform, and sets up corresponding simulation system.
Stellar field Imaging Simulation technology very early abroad begins one's study.At present, domestic have two analoglike methods, becomes two developing direction.
The first kind is to produce simulation star or analog starry sky by computer control, obtains the simulation star chart by the star sensor imaging again, and this analoglike method can be applied to ground experiment and the ground of star sensor and demarcate.Be published in " Spacecraft Environment Engineering " the 1st phase " in real time star image simulation device scheme imagination " such as nineteen ninety-five, with " a kind of method of CCD Star Image Simulation " that be published in " China's Space science and technology " the 3rd phase of the 19th volume in 1999, the simulation star chart that institute's extracting method obtains is used for system debug and ground experiment.Be published in for another example the method for " based on the small-sized star simulator design of digital light treatment technology " report of " optical precision engineering " the 15th volume o. 11th in 2007.The system architecture that this analoglike method relates to is complicated, and cost is high.
Equations of The Second Kind is directly to simulate on computers and export digital star chart, and the star chart of acquisition is mainly used in the research of the extraction of star picture, importance in star map recognition, attitude estimation scheduling algorithm.Such as 2000, the star sensor star image system of ray machine place, Changchun " optical precision engineering " the 3rd phase of the 8th volume report, this system has the function of the basic imaging circumstances of simulation, gained numeral star chart is used for star Pattern Recognition Algorithm research, but fails to consider that the actual imaging process of optical system and aberration are on the impact of picture element.2009, in " 9th International Conference on Dgital Object Identifier " meeting, BJ University of Aeronautics ﹠ Astronautics has reported and has utilized ray tracing to produce starry sky through the method for optical system imaging simulation star chart, when optical surface adopts complicated face shape, the program design workload is large, and computation process is numerous and diverse.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention has provided a kind ofly carries out imaging by the computer simulation optical system of star sensor to stellar field, to obtain the imaging system of digital star chart.
The invention provides a kind of imaging system of computer simulation star sensor stellar field, comprise: observation sing data storehouse, consisted of by the observation star, described observation star is for screening from original star catalogue according to the limiting magnitude of star sensor, that is: only keep double star that double star equivalence magnitude is not higher than limiting magnitude, and magnitude be not higher than fixed star beyond the double star of limiting magnitude; The user input of in the ZEMAX optical design software, setting up, it is suitable for setting the optical axis sensing of the optical module in the ZEMAX optical design software, pixel number and the size of image planes detector; Be suitable for the expansion module that described ZEMAX optical design software is called, comprise: extract observation star module, calculate the field positions module, calculate pixel gray scale module; Described extraction observation star module is extracted observation star in the described optical axis sensing field range according to the field angle of the image planes detectors in the described optical module in described database, namely extract the observation star in the visual field; Described calculating field positions module is transformed into body coordinate system with the position of the observation star in the visual field from inertial coordinates system, utilizes described body coordinate system to calculate the field angle of this observation star; And the field angle of described observation star passed to described optical module as object plane information; The ZEMAX optical design software, also comprise the ray tracing module, be suitable for after described optical module obtains described object plane information, for the observation star in the described visual field, utilize described ray tracing module to finish the stellar field imaging, and position coordinates and the energy value of the light arrival image planes of observation star are passed to described calculating pixel gray scale module; Described calculating pixel gray scale module is exported digital star chart according to pixel number, the size of the described image planes detector of setting and the energy value that receives.
Further, in order to calculate described double star equivalence magnitude, this double star equivalence magnitude m
0Computing formula be: make two magnitudes of double star be respectively m
1And m
2, namely
And in order better to extract the observation star in the visual field, described observation sing data storehouse also comprises: the asterisk of described observation star, magnitude, right ascension, declination data, described observation star is by the declination ordering.
Further, for the digital star chart that makes output more close to true star chart, described user input also comprises: pseudo-star adds module, is suitable for adding according to user's needs the pseudo-star of respective numbers; Described expansion module also comprises: simulate pseudo-star module, be suitable for adding the pseudo-star number that module is inputted according to described pseudo-star, produce the random point light source to simulate pseudo-star.
Further, on the basis of having added pseudo-star, for the digital star chart that makes output also will close to true star chart, then need to consider the noise of described star sensor in shooting process; So described user input also comprises: noise adds, and is suitable for an amount of noise that adds the star sensor generation in described digital star chart.
The technical scheme of the imaging system of computer simulation star sensor stellar field of the present invention has the following advantages compared to existing technology: (1) described calculating pixel gray scale module can obtain the star chart data with the detector coupling, Pixel size and number according to user's input, described calculating pixel gray scale module is to image planes data sampling and quantification, calculate the brightness of each pixel, the digital star chart of output and detector coupling; (2) program design workload is few, and this imaging system has been utilized the ray tracing function of ZEMAX optical design software, and the ZEMAX optical design software is responsible for imaging process, needn't consider optical system structure and face type in the program design, has saved the programing work amount; (3) analogy method is simple to operate, is easy to realize that cost is low; This imaging system has friendly human-computer interaction interface, and the user is by the dialog box input parameter, and imaging system is finished Imaging Simulation, exports digital star chart; In the imaging of existing optical design software platform simulation stellar field, do not need high expense; (4) imaging system is estimated the powerful of star sensor system each several part performance.Imaging system can provide data for the image quality of estimating optical system of star sensor, to checking and improve Performance of Optical System, predict and avoid pitfalls, save engineering cost and the time significant; This imaging system can be extracted for studying star sensor star picture, nautical star is preferred, the importance in star map recognition scheduling algorithm provides abundant simulation star chart data, and the check algorithm performance.
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention has provided a kind ofly carries out imaging by the computer simulation optical system of star sensor to stellar field, to obtain the formation method of digital star chart.
The invention provides a kind of formation method of computer simulation star sensor stellar field, comprising:
(1) the observation star that filters out from original star catalogue according to the limiting magnitude of star sensor to be to consist of observation sing data storehouse, that is: only keep double star that double star equivalence magnitude is not higher than limiting magnitude, and magnitude be not higher than fixed star beyond the limiting magnitude double star;
(2) in the ZEMAX optical design software, set up user input, be used for setting the optical axis sensing of ZEMAX optical design software optical module;
(3) utilize to extract observation star module and extract observation star in the visual field, namely in described database, extracts observation star in the described optical axis sensing field range according to the field angle of the image planes detectors in the described optical module; And utilize calculating field positions module that the position of the observation star in the visual field is transformed into body coordinate system from inertial coordinates system, utilize described body coordinate system to calculate the field angle of this observation star; And the field angle of described observation star passed to described optical module as object plane information;
(4) after described optical module obtains described object plane information, for the observation star in the described visual field, utilize the ray tracing module in the ZEMAX optical design software to finish the stellar field imaging, and the light of the observation star in the described visual field is arrived the position coordinates of image planes and energy value pass to calculating pixel gray scale module in the described user input;
(5) described calculating pixel gray scale module is exported digital star chart according to pixel number, the size of the described image planes detector of setting and the energy value that receives.
Further, in order to calculate described double star equivalence magnitude, double star equivalence magnitude m in the step (1)
0Computing formula be: make two magnitudes of double star be respectively m
1And m
2, namely
And in order better to extract the observation star in the visual field, described observation sing data storehouse also comprises: the asterisk of described observation star, magnitude, right ascension, declination data, described observation star is by the declination ordering.
Further, for the digital star chart that makes output more close to true star chart, described user input also comprises: pseudo-star adds module, is suitable for adding according to user's needs the pseudo-star of respective numbers; Described expansion module also comprises: simulate pseudo-star module, be suitable for adding the pseudo-star number that module is inputted according to described pseudo-star, produce the random point light source to simulate pseudo-star; Add described pseudo-sing data in the object plane information in described step (3).
Further, on the basis of having added pseudo-star, for the digital star chart that makes output also will close to true star chart, then need to consider the noise of described star sensor in shooting process; So described user input also comprises: noise adds, and is suitable for an amount of noise that adds the star sensor generation in the digital star chart of described step (5).
The technical scheme of the formation method of computer simulation star sensor stellar field of the present invention has the following advantages compared to existing technology: (1) described calculating pixel gray scale module can obtain the star chart data with the detector coupling, Pixel size and number according to user's input, described calculating pixel gray scale module is to image planes data sampling and quantification, calculate the brightness of each pixel, the digital star chart of output and detector coupling; (2) program design workload is few, and this formation method has utilized the ray tracing function of ZEMAX optical design software, and the ZEMAX optical design software is responsible for imaging process, needn't consider optical system structure and face type in the program design, has saved the programing work amount; (3) analogy method is simple to operate, is easy to realize that cost is low; This formation method has friendly human-computer interaction interface, and the user is by the dialog box input parameter, and formation method is finished Imaging Simulation, exports digital star chart; In the imaging of existing optical design software platform simulation stellar field, do not need high expense; (4) formation method is estimated the powerful of star sensor system each several part performance.Formation method can provide data for the image quality of estimating optical system of star sensor, to checking and improve Performance of Optical System, predict and avoid pitfalls, save engineering cost and the time significant; This formation method can extract for studying star sensor star picture, nautical star is preferred, the importance in star map recognition scheduling algorithm provides abundant simulation star chart data, and the check algorithm performance.
Description of drawings
For content of the present invention is more likely to be clearly understood, below the specific embodiment and by reference to the accompanying drawings of basis, the present invention is further detailed explanation, wherein
Fig. 1 is computer simulation star sensor stellar field imaging process flow diagram;
Fig. 2 is the rotation relationship figure of inertial coordinates system and body coordinate system;
Fig. 3 is the synoptic diagram of calculating observation star position in current visual field;
(a) is that right ascension and the declination that optical axis points to is respectively α among Fig. 4
c=36.68 °, δ
cThe simulation star chart that obtains in the time of=22.87 ° is that right ascension and the declination that optical axis points to is respectively α (b)
c=30.86 °, δ
c=72.42 ° simulation star chart;
(a) is the corresponding star chart that figure (a) uses Sky Chart Software Create among Fig. 4 among Fig. 5; (b) be the corresponding star chart that figure (b) uses Sky Chart Software Create among Fig. 4.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples:
The embodiment explanation: the ZEMAX optical design software is for Optical System Design, such as the analysis of camera lens and illuminator.It can be used for the design and analysis optical system.The ZEMAX optical design software can operative norm sequence optical element ray tracing, and discontinuous optical element parasitic light is followed the trail of, and the physical optics beam propagation.It can also simulate ray by optical element, such as the propagation of camera lens (comprising aspheric surface and gradient-index lens), catoptron, diffraction optical element etc.The ZEMAX optical design software also can analog element surface optics film effect, and can produce various standard analysis charts.It comprises abundant camera lens storehouse.The physical optics transfer function can be used for the necessary problem of considering diffraction, propagates holography, and single-mode fiber optically-coupled such as laser beam.The ZEMAX optical design software has powerful optimization tool external member, can be used for camera lens Automatic Optimal adjustment parameter and reduces aberration in order to improve to greatest extent performance, and abundant tolerance properties is arranged.So the ZEMAX optical design software comprises: optical module, ray tracing module.
The imaging system of computer simulation stellar field mainly is comprised of expansion module and ZEMAX optical design software two parts.Described expansion module is set up according to the expansion programming rule of optical design software ZEMAX, is added in the installation directory of ZEMAX optical design software, accepts it and calls rear demonstration human-computer interaction interface, i.e. described user input.
A kind of imaging system of computer simulation star sensor stellar field on the basis of embodiment explanation, comprise: observation sing data storehouse (Observed star catalog, be designated as OSC star storehouse), consisted of by the observation star, described observation star is for screening from original star catalogue according to the limiting magnitude of star sensor, that is: only keep double star that double star equivalence magnitude is not higher than limiting magnitude, and magnitude be not higher than fixed star beyond the double star of limiting magnitude; Wherein said double star equivalence magnitude m
0Computing formula be: make two magnitudes of double star be respectively m
1And m
2, namely
The user input of in the ZEMAX optical design software, setting up, it is suitable for setting the optical axis sensing of the optical module in the ZEMAX optical design software, pixel number and the size of image planes detector; Be suitable for the expansion module that described ZEMAX optical design software is called, comprise: extract observation star module, calculate the field positions module, calculate pixel gray scale module; Described extraction observation star module is extracted observation star in the described optical axis sensing field range according to the field angle of the image planes detectors in the described optical module in described database, namely extract the observation star in the visual field; Described calculating field positions module is transformed into body coordinate system with the position of the observation star in the visual field from inertial coordinates system, utilizes described body coordinate system to calculate the field angle of this observation star; And the field angle of described observation star passed to described optical module as object plane information; The ZEMAX optical design software, also comprise the ray tracing module, be suitable for after described optical module obtains described object plane information, for the observation star in the described visual field, utilize described ray tracing module to finish the stellar field imaging, and position coordinates and the energy value of the light arrival image planes of observation star are passed to described calculating pixel gray scale module; Described calculating pixel gray scale module is exported digital star chart according to pixel number, the size of the described image planes detector of setting and the energy value that receives.
The method of extracting observation star and their field positions of calculating (being field angle) in this invention can adopt celestial sphere subregion method, referring to paper " method of observed stars extraction in a kind of star image simulation ", periodical: optical precision engineering, in April, 2004, the 12nd volume, the 2nd phase.
Described observation sing data storehouse also comprises: the asterisk of described observation star, magnitude, right ascension, declination data.
For the ease of extracting the observation star and calculating the described observation star of their field positions (being field angle) and press the declination ordering, the method for then extracting observation star and their field positions of calculating (being field angle) comprises:
At first, point to (α for selected optical axis
c, δ
c), the inertial coordinate (α, δ) of picking out in the described observation sing data storehouse satisfies
|δ-δ
c|≤w
m (2)
Star, w wherein
mRepresent field angle corresponding to described image planes detector diagonal line.
Formula (2) limits the upper and lower bound that current optical axis points to observation star declination in the field range.Because declination δ span is-90 ° ~ 90 °, works as δ
c-w
mDuring less than-90 °, should arrange down and be limited to-90 °, similarly, work as δ
c+ w
mDuring greater than 90 °, the upper limit should be set to 90 °, namely
Described observation sing data storehouse determines that with dichotomy method the declination value is just greater than δ by the declination ordering
BotSubsequent data is read in the position of star then, extracts the observation star, until the declination value is greater than δ
Top
Then, the position with the observation star is transformed into body coordinate system from inertial coordinates system.If the direction cosine vector of observation star S in inertial coordinates system and body coordinate system is respectively V
i, V
bPoint to (α for optical axis
c, δ
c), can obtain body coordinate system by certain way rotatory inertia coordinate system.As shown in Figure 2, inertial coordinates system first around Z axis by+X axis+Y-axis rotation alpha
c, obtain X ' Y ' Z ' coordinate system, new coordinate system again around Y ' axle by+Z ' axially+X ' axle half-twist-δ
c, obtain X " Y " Z " coordinate system, this coordinate system is around Z " axle rotation φ, obtain body coordinate system X
bY
bZ
b, can observe the direction cosine vector V of star in body coordinate system
bFor
Wherein φ is by body coordinate system X
b, Y
bThe actual sensing of axle determines, when getting X
bThe direction that axle and warp are tangent, the sensing declination reduces, Y
bTangent with parallel, when pointing to the direction that right ascension increases, φ=0.
At last, the field angle of calculating observation star, and determine whether current observation star appears in the visual field.Such as Fig. 3, the observation star is at X
b, Y
bField angle XFLD on the direction, YFLD are
If optical system is at X
b, Y
bMaximum field of view angle on the direction is w
AAnd w
B, only have satisfied
|XFLD|≤w
A/2、|YFLD|≤w
B/2 (6)
Fixed star just can be observed.Through type (6) screening obtains the observation star in the current visual field, also obtains their field angle XFLD, YFLD at this moment simultaneously.
For star sensor, pseudo-star there is no significant difference with true observation star.Described user input also comprises: pseudo-star adds module, is suitable for adding according to user's needs the pseudo-star of respective numbers; Described expansion module also comprises: simulate pseudo-star module, be suitable for adding according to described pseudo-star the pseudo-star number of module input, produce the random point light source to simulate pseudo-star, they are joined on the object plane of optical system, again with the mode imaging of similar observation star.
The ZEMAX optical design software is finished imaging by ray tracing, and position coordinates (x, y) and the energy f (x, y) of light arrival image planes are passed to expansion module.
Concrete grammar is to utilize the ray tracing function of ZEMAX optical design software to finish the stellar field imaging.For every observation star in the current visual field, in spectral range, make ray tracing, obtain them through the optical system imaging.Every light has represented a energy, and light should evenly distribute, and entrance pupil is pressed square net divide, and the light of choosing through entrance pupil center and entrance pupil internal net point participates in imaging.
Through ray tracing, the position coordinates that light arrives image planes is (x, y).Star sensor receives the star picture with CCD or APS detector, and detector is take pixel as elementary cell, and image planes disperse through over-sampling.Determine the detector pixel that light reaches by (x, y).
Consider brightness and the detector spectral response characteristic of observation star, weights W m and the Ww of light need be set, the brightness that wherein Wm is corresponding with fixed star is directly proportional, and Ww is directly proportional with detector spectral response.Suppose that it is 1 that the observation star sends the gross energy that is full of entrance pupil light, total light number is nray, and energy attenuation was η times when certain root light arrived image planes, and the energy when arriving image planes is η WmWw/nray.With arriving the energy accumulation of same pixel position light, obtain the light intensity on this pixel in the star chart.
Also comprise in the expansion module and calculate pixel gray scale module, it calculates the gray scale of each pixel in the star chart, adds simultaneously the setting noise of described user input, exports digital star chart.
For the star of storing each pixel as data, need matrix variables that is complementary with the image planes detector size of definition, each element of matrix is stored respectively the star of corresponding pixel as information.Yet star picture zone only accounts for the sub-fraction of image planes, and most of zone of star chart is dark, the most elements data value of this matrix is 0, and do not use in the computation process, use tlv triple structure sparse matrix storage star chart data, with the save memory storage space for this reason.The tlv triple organization definition is as follows,
typedef struct{int col,row;float value;}Triple;(7)
Wherein row, col, value record respectively non-zero element in the matrix line number, row number, numerical value.Whole star chart stores in the structure of following formula definition,
typedef struct{Triple data[MAXSIZE+1];
int m，n,t;}starmap; (8)
Wherein MAXSIZE is a predefined constant, and star is no more than at most MAXSIZE as the pixel number, and data records each star as position and the gray scale of pixel, and m, n are total line number and total columns of star chart, and t is the total pixel number of star picture.
Sparse matrix starmap exports according to the BMP bitmap format.The gray scale span of each pixel is 0-255, namely 8.The gray-scale value of setting in the current star chart bright image unit is 255, and other pixel is by the ratio ruleization processing of its gray scale with bright image unit gray scale.
The stellar field Imaging Simulation program interface of the imaging system of computer simulation star sensor stellar field of the present invention comprises star chart display window, text window, interactive dialogue frame etc.Described user input is convenient to the artificial parameter value that participates in changing, such as optical axis sensing, field angle, be used for distribution of light form, the image planes detector size of trace, Pixel size, and pseudo-star number, the parameters such as noise interpolation." Input Star File " text box allows the user to select to observe the sing data library file, and program is to the star simulation imaging in the database.Can select to show that by " Show As " drop-down menu desirable star chart still simulates star chart.When selecting " Ideal star map ", program is calculated the coordinate position on the resonable imagination face of each observation star, and each star looks like to occupy a pixel on the image planes.When selecting " Simulation map ", obtain simulation star chart data.The user is by import file name " Output File " text box in the interface, and advising process is carried out the BMP bitmap file that star chart is saved as after the end given filename, to make things convenient for subsequent processes.
By corresponding setting Monte Carlo simulation program (namely setting immediately optical axis points to), can also produce the at random sensing simulation star chart that specifies number, and with the BMP file output, filename numbers in order.
After program is carried out, the user can select text display manner to check right ascension and the declination value of pointing at random, and true star number and pseudo-star number in the star chart, also can export as required in the current visual field position XFLD, YFLD in the asterisk, magnitude, visual field of observation star, desirable star is as data such as image coordinatess.
The formation method of a kind of computer simulation star sensor stellar field on the basis of embodiment 1 comprises:
(1) the observation star that filters out from original star catalogue according to the limiting magnitude of star sensor to be to consist of observation sing data storehouse, that is: only keep double star that double star equivalence magnitude is not higher than limiting magnitude, and magnitude be not higher than fixed star beyond the limiting magnitude double star;
(2) in the ZEMAX optical design software, set up user input, be used for setting the optical axis sensing of ZEMAX optical design software optical module;
(3) utilize to extract observation star module and extract observation star in the visual field, namely in described database, extracts observation star in the described optical axis sensing field range according to the field angle of the image planes detectors in the described optical module; And utilize calculating field positions module that the position of the observation star in the visual field is transformed into body coordinate system from inertial coordinates system, utilize described body coordinate system to calculate the field angle of this observation star; And the field angle of described observation star passed to described optical module as object plane information;
(4) after described optical module obtains described object plane information, for the observation star in the described visual field, utilize the ray tracing module in the ZEMAX optical design software to finish the stellar field imaging, and the light of the observation star in the described visual field is arrived the position coordinates of image planes and energy value pass to calculating pixel gray scale module in the described user input;
(5) described calculating pixel gray scale module is exported digital star chart according to pixel number, the size of the described image planes detector of setting and the energy value that receives.
Double star equivalence magnitude m in the step (1)
0Computing formula be: make two magnitudes of double star be respectively m
1And m
2, namely
Described observation sing data storehouse also comprises: the asterisk of described observation star, magnitude, right ascension, declination data, described observation star is by the declination ordering.
Described user input also comprises: pseudo-star adds module, is suitable for adding according to user's needs the pseudo-star of respective numbers; Described expansion module also comprises: simulate pseudo-star module, be suitable for adding the pseudo-star number that module is inputted according to described pseudo-star, produce the random point light source to simulate pseudo-star; Add described pseudo-sing data in the object plane information in described step (3).
Described user input also comprises: noise adds, and is suitable for an amount of noise that adds the star sensor generation in the digital star chart of described step (5).
On the basis of embodiment 1 and 2, the concrete setting of generating digital star chart, and digital star chart and actual star chart compared.
In the ZEMAX optical design software perfect optical system is set, getting field angle is 20 ° * 20 °, and bore is 27.3mm, focal length is 43.56mm, the parameter of each face of optical system is as shown in table 1, and image planes out of focus 0.07mm comprises 90% star this moment in take 1.5 pixels as the circle of radius as energy.And to establish limiting magnitude be 5.2 etc., and detector pixel number is 1024 * 1024.
Table 1 perfect optical system parameter (mm of unit)
| Surface | Type | Radius | Thickness | Semi-diameter |
| OBJ | Standard | Infinity | Infinity | Infinity |
| Stop | Standard | Infinity | 43.56 | 13.65 |
| 3 | Paraxial | Infinity | 43.56 | 21.33 |
| 4 | Standard | Infinity | 0.07 | 7.6808 |
| IMAG | Standard | Infinity | 7.7070 |
Two width of cloth simulation star chart that when the optical axis sensing is respectively (36.68 °, 22.87 °) and (30.86 °, 72.42 °), obtains, as shown in Figure 4.Fig. 4 (a) is not for adding the simulation star chart of pseudo-star and noise, and Fig. 4 (b) is for having increased the simulation star chart behind two pseudo-stars.Fig. 5 is the corresponding star chart with Sky Charts Software Create.
Being numbered 13 star among Fig. 4 (a) is a double star.Being numbered among Fig. 5 (a) and being numbered 12,13,14 fixed star among 14 fixed star and Fig. 5 (b) is 5.4,5.3,5.3 and 5.5 at SAO star catalogue culminant star philosophy, and therefore magnitude occurs in Fig. 4 less than 5.2 etc. in the star catalogue that Sky Charts adopts.Comparison diagram 4 and Fig. 5, as seen, analog result and Sky Charts star chart are more or less the same.
Table 2,3 has provided the star image position that the observation star obtains by the perfect optical system imaging, and processes the star image position that star chart obtains by star as extraction algorithm, for simplicity, is called ideal position and measuring position.The RMS value of measuring position and ideal position error is respectively 0.165,0.056 pixel on X and Y-direction.Comprised in these errors that error that the image planes sampling causes and star are as the error of extraction algorithm.
Adopt sparse matrix to record two width of cloth simulation star chart culminant star as position and the gray scale of pixel, the data of 210,179 pixels have only been stored respectively, than these data of matrix stores of using corresponding 1024 * 1024 total pixel numbers, the employed memory headroom of simulation star chart is about original 2/10000ths.
Above result shows that based on the ZEMAX optical design software, by program design, the imaging of simulation stellar field is practicable.
Table 2 Fig. 4 (a) simulation star chart star is as data
Table 3 Fig. 4 (b) simulation star chart star is as data
Obviously, above-described embodiment only is for example of the present invention clearly is described, and is not to be restriction to embodiments of the present invention.For those of ordinary skill in the field, can also make other changes in different forms on the basis of the above description.Here need not also can't give all embodiments exhaustive.And these belong to apparent variation or the change that spirit of the present invention extended out and still are among protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the imaging system of a computer simulation star sensor stellar field is characterized in that comprising:
Observation sing data storehouse is made of the observation star, and described observation star is for the limiting magnitude according to star sensor screens from original star catalogue, that is: only keep double star that double star equivalence magnitude is not higher than limiting magnitude, and magnitude be not higher than fixed star beyond the double star of limiting magnitude;
The user input of in the ZEMAX optical design software, setting up, it is suitable for setting the optical axis sensing of the optical module in the ZEMAX optical design software, pixel number and the size of image planes detector;
Be suitable for the expansion module that described ZEMAX optical design software is called, comprise: extract observation star module, calculate the field positions module, calculate pixel gray scale module; Described extraction observation star module is extracted observation star in the described optical axis sensing field range according to the field angle of the image planes detectors in the described optical module in described database, namely extract the observation star in the visual field; Described calculating field positions module is transformed into body coordinate system with the position of the observation star in the visual field from inertial coordinates system, utilizes described body coordinate system to calculate the field angle of this observation star; And the field angle of described observation star passed to described optical module as object plane information;
The ZEMAX optical design software, also comprise the ray tracing module, be suitable for after described optical module obtains described object plane information, for the observation star in the described visual field, utilize described ray tracing module to finish the stellar field imaging, and position coordinates and the energy value of the light arrival image planes of observation star are passed to described calculating pixel gray scale module;
Described calculating pixel gray scale module is exported digital star chart according to pixel number, the size of the described image planes detector of setting and the energy value that receives.
2. the imaging system of computer simulation star sensor stellar field according to claim 1 is characterized in that, double star equivalence magnitude m
0Computing formula be: make two magnitudes of double star be respectively m
1And m
2, namely
Described observation sing data storehouse also comprises: the asterisk of described observation star, magnitude, right ascension, declination data, described observation star is by the declination ordering.
3. the imaging system of computer simulation star sensor stellar field according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that:
Described user input also comprises: pseudo-star adds module, is suitable for adding according to user's needs the pseudo-star of respective numbers;
Described expansion module also comprises: simulate pseudo-star module, be suitable for adding the pseudo-star number that module is inputted according to described pseudo-star, produce the random point light source to simulate pseudo-star.
4. the imaging system of computer simulation star sensor stellar field according to claim 3 is characterized in that,
Described user input also comprises: noise adds, and is suitable for an amount of noise that adds the star sensor generation in described digital star chart.
5. the formation method of a computer simulation star sensor stellar field comprises:
(1) the observation star that filters out from original star catalogue according to the limiting magnitude of star sensor to be to consist of observation sing data storehouse, that is: only keep double star that double star equivalence magnitude is not higher than limiting magnitude, and magnitude be not higher than fixed star beyond the limiting magnitude double star;
(2) in the ZEMAX optical design software, set up user input, be used for setting the optical axis sensing of ZEMAX optical design software optical module;
(3) utilize to extract observation star module and extract observation star in the visual field, namely in described database, extracts observation star in the described optical axis sensing field range according to the field angle of the image planes detectors in the described optical module; And utilize calculating field positions module that the position of the observation star in the visual field is transformed into body coordinate system from inertial coordinates system, utilize described body coordinate system to calculate the field angle of this observation star; And the field angle of described observation star passed to described optical module as object plane information;
(4) after described optical module obtains described object plane information, for the observation star in the described visual field, utilize the ray tracing module in the ZEMAX optical design software to finish the stellar field imaging, and the light of the observation star in the described visual field is arrived the position coordinates of image planes and energy value pass to calculating pixel gray scale module in the described user input;
(5) described calculating pixel gray scale module is exported digital star chart according to pixel number, the size of the described image planes detector of setting and the energy value that receives.
6. the formation method of computer simulation star sensor stellar field according to claim 5 is characterized in that, double star equivalence magnitude m in the step (1)
0Computing formula be: make two magnitudes of double star be respectively m
1And m
2, namely
Described observation sing data storehouse also comprises: the asterisk of described observation star, magnitude, right ascension, declination data, described observation star is by the declination ordering.
7. according to claim 5 or the formation method of 6 described computer simulation star sensor stellar fields, it is characterized in that,
Described user input also comprises: pseudo-star adds module, is suitable for adding according to user's needs the pseudo-star of respective numbers;
Described expansion module also comprises: simulate pseudo-star module, be suitable for adding the pseudo-star number that module is inputted according to described pseudo-star, produce the random point light source to simulate pseudo-star;
Add described pseudo-sing data in the object plane information in described step (3).
8. the formation method of computer simulation star sensor stellar field according to claim 7 is characterized in that, described user input also comprises: noise adds, and is suitable for an amount of noise that adds the star sensor generation in the digital star chart of described step (5).
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