CN102852581B - Variable valve timing apparatus - Google Patents
Variable valve timing apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN102852581B CN102852581B CN201210326499.6A CN201210326499A CN102852581B CN 102852581 B CN102852581 B CN 102852581B CN 201210326499 A CN201210326499 A CN 201210326499A CN 102852581 B CN102852581 B CN 102852581B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of variable valve timing apparatus, for controlling the opening and closing timing of valve of vehicle motor, comprising: camshaft, for driving the opening and closing of valve; The rotary driving part of drive cam shaft, it can be synchronizeed and rotate with engine crankshaft, and can relatively rotate with camshaft; Phase-regulating mechanism, for changing the relative rotatable phase between rotary driving part and camshaft, to allow at least to regulate the unlatching timing of valve; Wherein phase-regulating mechanism comprises motor, and it is only in transmission connection with described camshaft, and in the time that needs are opened valve in advance, motor drive cam shaft is rotated forward with respect to rotary driving part, thereby opens valve in advance. Utilize variable valve timing apparatus of the present invention, can realize the lasting unlatching of valve, under high rotating speed high load capacity operating mode, air inflow is larger compared to existing technology; Can alleviate valve actuating mechanism overall weight, and can be by cylinder cap system, less change can realize, highly versatile.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to automotive field, more particularly, relate to variable valve timing apparatus.
Background technology
From known in the state of the art, engine speed is higher, in dust cycle of cylinderThe time of air inlet is just shorter. When the large load of high rotating speed, requiring has more air inflow to improve engineEfficiency of combustion, thereby make engine have the output of higher power; When the little load of the slow-speed of revolution notNeed too much air inflow just can meet engine demand, thereby realize good fuel economy.Therefore, increasing vehicle motor adopt VVT (VVT) technology change intoThe valve timing of valve and exhaust valve.
Traditional VVT technology is opened in advance to improve to a certain extent by adjusting valve and is sent outThe power of motivation and fuel economy, but valve timing system does not change valve openingDuration, the air inflow in the unit interval is improved little, therefore helps for the performance of engineHelp also little. Now on market i-VTEC system, by increasing the 3rd rocking arm and the 3rdIt is variable that individual cam is realized timing and the lift of valve simultaneously, and while increasing high speed, the unit interval entersTolerance, thus engine power is stronger. But the applied defect of this technology is mechanism's complexity, movingPower output is linear not. Other continuously variable valve lift technology, although power output is smooth-goingProperty promotes to some extent, but executive component is but all the more complicated.
Several variable valve lift technology on comprehensive analysis market, are all taking camshaft as power source,Drive complicated kinematic pair, change valve stroke by mechanical movement, this type of mechanism structure complexity,Parts are numerous, certainly will increase complete machine weight; Move loaded down with trivial details, inevitably cause friction to damageLose; Too much position needs cooling and lubricating, and the design of oil circuit is had to the harsh requirement of being close to;For assembling this mechanism, cylinder cap system need to be carried out large area amendment, and versatility is poor.
Summary of the invention
One object of the present invention is to overcome at least one defect of the prior art. The present inventionAnother object be to provide a kind of VVT method and apparatus of novelty. The present inventionAnother object be to provide a kind of realize valve continue the VVT method of opening andDevice.
In order to realize above-mentioned at least one object, according to one aspect of the present invention, the present invention carriesSupply a kind of variable valve timing apparatus, for controlling unlatching and the pass of valve of vehicle motorClose timing, this device comprises:
Camshaft, for driving the opening and closing of described valve;
For driving the rotary driving part of described camshaft, described rotary driving part can be withEngine crankshaft synchronously rotates, and described rotary driving part can be relative with described camshaftRotate;
Phase-regulating mechanism, for changing between described rotary driving part and described camshaftRotatable phase relatively, to allow at least to regulate the unlatching timing of described valve;
Wherein, described phase-regulating mechanism comprises motor, and the motor shaft of described motor is only with describedCamshaft is in transmission connection, and in the time that needs are opened valve in advance, described motor drives described camshaftRotate forward with respect to described rotary driving part, thereby open in advance described valve.
Described valve can be inlet valve or exhaust valve.
In one embodiment, described rotary driving part can be arranged through and described camAxle directly contact drives described camshaft.
Preferably, described phase-regulating mechanism can also comprise and is located at unidirectional on described camshaftDrive mechanism, the motor shaft of described motor passes by described single-direction transmission structure and described camshaftBe dynamically connected, make described motor can drive described camshaft to rotate forward, but described camshaftRotation forward can not instead drag described motor shaft to rotate.
Described single-direction transmission structure can comprise flywheel, unilateral bearing or electromagnetic clutch.
In one embodiment, the inside of described camshaft has the axial side along described camshaftTo the cavity extending, the form that described rotary driving part is interior axle, and from described camshaftAn interior also extension therein of cavity that end enters described camshaft; The inwall of described camshaftWith in the outer wall of described rotary driving part one, there is draw-in groove, the inwall of described camshaftWith on another in the outer wall of described rotary driving part, have and can stretch in described draw-in grooveProjection, the size configurations of described draw-in groove and described projection becomes to make described camshaft and described rotationBetween driver part, can in described draw-in groove, move and relatively rotate by described projection,And can by mutually against and drive described camshaft by described rotary driving part.
Preferably, the size of described draw-in groove is with respect to the center of rotation of described rotary driving partNow for substantially 60 degree angles, the size of described projection is with respect to the rotation of described rotary driving partCenter is rendered as 30 degree angles substantially.
Preferably, the inside of described rotary driving part is provided with the axle along described rotary driving partThe oil duct extending to direction, and described rotary driving part also has from described oil duct and leads to instituteState the oil pocket of rotary driving part outside.
Preferably, the two ends of described camshaft are provided with oil sealing.
In one embodiment, described rotary driving part is provided with timing sprocket, for by instituteStating the crank-driven of engine synchronously rotates.
According to another aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of VVT method, for controlThe opening and closing timing of the valve of vehicle motor processed, described method comprises:
Provide camshaft, for driving the opening and closing of described valve;
Be provided for driving the rotary driving part of described camshaft, described rotary driving part energyEnough synchronize and rotate with engine crankshaft, and described rotary driving part and described camshaft canRelatively rotate;
Phase-regulating mechanism is provided, for change described rotary driving part and described camshaft itBetween relative rotatable phase, to allow at least to regulate the unlatching timing of described valve;
Wherein, in the time that needs are opened valve in advance, drive described protruding by described phase-regulating mechanismWheel shaft rotates forward with respect to described rotary driving part;
When described camshaft rotates to while making the position of described valve in maximum lift substantially,By described phase-regulating mechanism, described camshaft is remained on to current location, thereby by described valveSubstantially maximum lift described in remaining;
Described camshaft is after described current location keeps one period of scheduled time, by described rotationDriver part drives described camshaft to be rotated further.
Described valve can be inlet valve or exhaust valve.
In one embodiment, can be by described phase-regulating mechanism by hydraulically powered modeChange the relative rotatable phase between described rotary driving part and described camshaft.
In one embodiment, changed by motor-driven mode by described phase-regulating mechanismBecome the relative rotatable phase between described rotary driving part and described camshaft. Wherein, described inPhase-regulating mechanism can comprise motor, by by the motor shaft of described motor only with described camThrough-drive connects, thereby in the time that needs are opened valve in advance, drives described cam by described motorAxle rotates forward with respect to described rotary driving part, thereby opens in advance described valve.
Preferably, described phase-regulating mechanism also comprises the single-direction transmission of being located on described camshaftStructure, by by the motor shaft of described motor via described single-direction transmission structure and described camshaftBe in transmission connection, make described motor can drive described camshaft to rotate forward, but described camThe rotation forward of axle can not instead drag described motor shaft to rotate.
In one embodiment, can be by making described rotary driving part and described camshaftDirectly contact drives described camshaft.
In one embodiment, provide in the inside of described camshaft along described camshaft axiallyThe cavity that direction is extended, described rotary driving part is the shape of the interior axle that extends in described cavityFormula, provides on one in the inwall of described camshaft and the outer wall of described rotary driving partDraw-in groove, on another in the inwall of described camshaft and the outer wall of described rotary driving partThe projection that can stretch in described draw-in groove is provided; By contacting of described projection and described draw-in groove,And drive described camshaft by described rotary driving part, and, by described projection describedMobile in draw-in groove, and described camshaft is rotated with respect to described rotary driving part.
Preferably, described camshaft with respect to the maximum rotation angle of described rotary driving part isSubstantially 30 degree angles.
In one embodiment, can on described rotary driving part, provide and described engineThe timing sprocket being in transmission connection, thereby by rotary driving part described in the crank-driven of described enginePart synchronously rotates.
The unlatching that the variable valve timing apparatus that the present invention is passable and method can change valve continuesTime, thus realize the difference of air inflow under different operating modes and/or capacity. And, the present inventionIn the time not using existing VVT system, just can realize engine timing control, compare other changesAir input of engine by air technology has following advantage:
1) valve duration is adjustable, 30 ° of camshaft degrees of maximal regulated scope;
2) under high rotating speed, high load capacity operating mode, compare lift range variable technology, air inflow is larger;
3) OCV valve oil is pressed only needs to ensure that in camshaft, outer shaft is lubricated, and specific oil consumption is low, machine oilPump load is low;
4) engine timing can directly be controlled by ECU, and precision is higher;
5) engine timing regulates and can be carried out by high frequency stepping motor, and response is fast, and is not bornLotus impact;
6) can alleviate valve actuating mechanism overall weight;
7) cylinder cap system can meet valve actuating mechanism layout of the present invention by less change,Highly versatile.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is an embodiment according to variable valve timing apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 2 be variable valve timing apparatus shown in Fig. 1 along A-A to cutaway view;
Fig. 3 is the partial enlarged drawing of I portion in Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is the valve obtaining according to an embodiment of VVT method of the present inventionLifting curve figure.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 show of the present invention for control vehicle motor valve opening and closing justTime an embodiment of variable valve timing apparatus. This variable valve timing apparatus comprises camAxle 6. Camshaft 6 is provided with some cams 3, and camshaft 6 drives by cam 3 in the time rotatingThe opening and closing of moving engine valve (not shown).
Rotary driving part 7 is for driving this camshaft 6. Rotary driving part 7 is provided with timingSprocket wheel 1, timing sprocket 1 is by the song of timing chain or Timing Belt (not shown) and engineAxle connects. Like this, 7 of rotary driving parts can be under the driving of engine crankshaft and bent axleSynchronous rotation.
See more clearly the form that camshaft 6 is outer shaft, its inner tool in conjunction with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2There is the cavity extending along its axial direction L, and the form that rotary driving part 7 is interior axle, fromAn end of camshaft 6 enters in this cavity and extends in this cavity. Like this, camshaft 6Be formed as generally the outer shaft of the suit of L in axial direction and the shape of interior axle with rotary driving part 7Formula.
Can be along circumferentially relatively rotating between rotary driving part 7 and camshaft 6. As shown in Figure 3,On the inwall of camshaft 6, there is draw-in groove 10, on the outer wall of rotary driving part 7, there is the card of stretching intoProjection 9 in groove 10. Draw-in groove 10 becomes to make camshaft 6 and rotation with the size configurations of projection 9Between driver part 7, can relatively turn by projection 9 is circumferentially mobile on the interior edge of draw-in groove 10Moving. And, in the time of projection 9 circumferential one end against draw-in groove 10, edge, rotary driving part 7 energyEnough rotate by directly contacting drive cam shaft 6 with camshaft 6. In other embodiments,Can on the outer wall of rotary driving part 7, draw-in groove be set, and establish on the inwall of camshaft 6Put projection.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 3, draw-in groove 10 is sized to respect to rotary driving part7 center of rotation is rendered as 60 degree angles substantially, and projection 9 is sized to respect to rotationThe center of rotation of driver part 7 is rendered as 30 degree angles substantially. Like this, camshaft 6 and rotationRotatable phase maximum between driver part differs and is essentially 30 degree.
Phase-regulating mechanism comprises motor 11 and is arranged on the single-direction transmission structure on camshaft 65. Motor 11 can carry out drive cam shaft 6 along its original rotation side by single-direction transmission structure 5To accelerating rotation, thereby make camshaft 6 with respect to rotary driving part 7 edge directions forwardRotate, thereby change the relative rotatable phase between rotary driving part 7 and camshaft 6, withAllow at least to regulate the unlatching timing of valve. In the time that needs are opened valve in advance, motor 11 drivesCamshaft 6 rotates forward with respect to rotary driving part 7, i.e. turning along rotary driving part 7Moving direction is rotated forward, thereby opens in advance described valve. It should be noted that here,Motor 11 is only in transmission connection with camshaft 6, not with rotary driving part 7 and timing sprocket thereof1 has any type of being in transmission connection. Particularly, as shown in Figure 1, the motor shaft 12 of motor 11Be connected with single-direction transmission structure 5 by driving chain or driving belt 13. In one embodiment,This motor 11 can be stepper motor.
Single-direction transmission structure 5 on camshaft 6 is for making the motor 11 can drive cam shaft 6Rotate forward, but the rotation forward of camshaft 6 can not instead drag described motor shaft to rotate. Like thisSingle-direction transmission structure 5 can be configured to the form that is similar to the flywheel on bicycle, or unidirectionalThe form of bearing, or there is the form of the drive mechanism of electromagnetic clutch.
Lubricated and/or cooling in order to ensure between rotary driving part 7 and camshaft 6, rotationThe inside of driver part 7 is provided with the oil duct 14 extending along its axial direction. And, drive in rotationDynamic component 7 is provided with the outside oil pocket 8 that leads to rotary driving part from oil duct 14. This oil pocket 8Can be arranged on position corresponding with the cam 3 of camshaft 6 on rotary driving part 7. ThisSample, machine oil can by oil pocket 8 enter between rotary driving part 7 and camshaft 6 betweenGap position, plays lubricated and/or cooling effect. Can be respectively equipped with at the two ends of camshaft 6Oil sealing 2, in case the leakage of stop machine oil.
On camshaft 6, can also be provided with phase signal wheel, for coordinating and make with corresponding sensorWith, so that position of rotation or the phase place of camshaft 6 to be provided.
This camshaft 6 can be admission cam shaft or exhaust cam shaft, and the corresponding engine that drives entersThe opening and closing of valve or exhaust valve.
Introduce the method that the variable valve timing apparatus shown in Fig. 1-Fig. 3 carries out valve timing belowAn embodiment.
In not needing to change valve timing, the bent axle of engine is by timing sprocket 1Drive rotary driving part 7 synchronously to rotate. Projection 9 and the camshaft 6 of rotary driving part 7Draw-in groove 10 week upwards against, thereby synchronously turned by rotary driving part 7 drive cam shaft 6Moving, to complete each stroke. Drive the valve of engine to carry out by the cam 3 on camshaft 6Opening and closing. Now, due to the characteristic of single-direction transmission structure 5, the rotation of camshaft 6 is notCan rotate via the motor shaft 12 of driving chain or driving belt 13 dragging motors 11.
ECU calculates the best air inlet of the every circulation of every cylinder according to the input signal of the each sensor of engineAmount, the best start-up time of valve. In the time that needs are opened valve in advance, by ECU to motor 11,As stepper motor 11 input drive signals. Motor 11 does according to the frequency and the quantity that drive signalGo out response, rotate the angle needing. Because the rotating speed of motor 11 is far above the forward of working as of camshaft 6Speed, therefore motor 11 drives via driving chain or driving belt 13 and single-direction transmission structure 5Camshaft 6 accelerates to rotate, thereby rotates forward with respect to rotary driving part 7. This process phaseWhen in the valve of engine has been carried out to timing adjusting. As shown in Figure 3, camshaft 6 with respect toThe maximum rotation angle of rotary driving part 7 for substantially 30 degree angles, that is to say full phase positionBe adjusted to 30 degree.
When camshaft 6 rotates to while making the position of valve in maximum lift substantially, motor11 stop drive cam shaft 6 is rotated further, but can continue energising and camshaft 6 is remained onCurrent location, thus valve is remained at this basic maximum lift place. Meanwhile, engineBent axle drives rotary driving part 7 to be rotated further by timing sprocket 1, until this rotation is drivenDynamic component 7 is caught up with the current holding position of camshaft 6, thereby continues to drive according to aforesaid modeMoving cam axle 6 synchronously rotates. Now, motor 11 can power-off.
As can be seen here, catch up with camshaft 6 and continue drive cam shaft 6 at rotary driving part 7Before, camshaft 6 is making valve in maximum lift state (being maximum opening)Current position kept a period of time. Therefore, if this camshaft 6 is admission cam shafts,So just can greatly improve the air inflow of inlet valve, thereby ensure the power of high load capacity operating modeProperty.
VVT (VVT) governing speed using on existing most of engine is0.0725 °/ms (cam angle), full control phase is 30 ° of cam angles, calculates fullThe phase adjusted cycle is 413.8ms, and this type of VVT driver can meet the phase place of engine and adjustJoint design requirement. In an embodiment of the present invention, can be with a driving frequency 600Hz, stepping angleThe stepper motor 11 of 0.75 °, and this stepper motor 11 with the gearratio of single-direction transmission structure 5 is2:1, calculating full phase position regulating cycle is 133.3ms. Such stepping electricity as can be seen hereThe timing governing speed of machine 11 can meet the demand of engine to timing.
Fig. 4 shows the valve lift diagram obtaining according to aforementioned VVT method.Wherein, the curve 41 in figure (curve representing with solid line) represents the valve stroke song after adjustingLine, curve 42 (solid line on dotted line and this dotted line right side) represents unadjusted valve stroke songLine. Can find out, for the valve lift curve 41 after regulating, its valve-opening time shifts to an earlier date,And valve has kept a period of time at maximum lift place.
In the present invention, when the molded line of the cam 3 of camshaft 6 only need meet engine low loadAir inflow, when load increase time, motor 11 can be according to the instruction of ECU with aforementionedMode open in advance valve, increase inlet period. Valve maximum lift is opened the longest when lastingBetween can need to meet the air inlet requirement of engine maximum load.
Describe an embodiment of variable valve timing apparatus of the present invention above, and utilizedThe VVT method that this variable valve timing apparatus is implemented. Should be appreciated that of the present inventionVariable valve timing apparatus is not limited to implements aforesaid VVT method, but canFor other VVT method, for example, for obtaining the valve stroke that is different from Fig. 4Curve. It is also understood that VVT method of the present invention is also not limited to Fig. 1-TuBeing realized by motor-driven variable valve timing apparatus shown in 3, but can be by other canAir valve variation advance/retard mechanism is realized, as long as meet following feature:, open in advance at needsWhile opening valve, phase-regulating mechanism drive described camshaft with respect to described rotary driving part toFront rotation; When rotating to, described camshaft makes the position of described valve in maximum lift substantiallyWhile putting, by described phase-regulating mechanism, described camshaft is remained on to current location, thereby by instituteState valve remain described in maximum lift substantially; Described camshaft keeps in described current locationAfter one period of scheduled time, drive described camshaft to be rotated further by described rotary driving part.For example can be realized by existing hydraulically powered variable valve timing apparatus, drive by hydraulic pressureMoving mode changes the relative rotatable phase between rotary driving part and camshaft.
Claims (10)
1. a variable valve timing apparatus, for control vehicle motor valve unlatching andClose timing, comprising:
Camshaft, for driving the opening and closing of described valve;
For driving the rotary driving part of described camshaft, described rotary driving part can be withEngine crankshaft synchronously rotates, and described rotary driving part can be relative with described camshaftRotate;
Phase-regulating mechanism, for changing between described rotary driving part and described camshaftRotatable phase relatively, to allow at least to regulate the unlatching timing of described valve;
Wherein, described phase-regulating mechanism comprises motor, and described motor only passes with described camshaftBe dynamically connected, in the time that needs are opened valve in advance, described motor drives described camshaft with respect to instituteState rotary driving part and rotate forward, thereby open in advance described valve.
2. variable valve timing apparatus according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described inValve is inlet valve or exhaust valve.
3. variable valve timing apparatus according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described inRotary driving part is arranged through with described camshaft and directly contacts to drive described camshaft.
4. variable valve timing apparatus according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described inPhase-regulating mechanism also comprises the single-direction transmission structure of being located on described camshaft, described motorMotor shaft is in transmission connection by described single-direction transmission structure and described camshaft, makes described motorCan drive described camshaft to rotate forward, but institute can not be instead dragged in the rotation forward of described camshaftStating motor shaft rotates.
5. variable valve timing apparatus according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described inSingle-direction transmission structure comprises flywheel, unilateral bearing or electromagnetic clutch.
According to claim 1 ?the variable valve timing apparatus described in any one in 5, its featureBe, the inside of described camshaft has the cavity extending along the axial direction of described camshaft,Described rotary driving part is the form of interior axle, and enters institute from an end of described camshaftState the interior also extension therein of cavity of camshaft;
Wherein, in the inwall of described camshaft and the outer wall of described rotary driving partThere is draw-in groove, another in the inwall of described camshaft and the outer wall of described rotary driving partOn there is the projection that can stretch in described draw-in groove, the size configurations of described draw-in groove and described projectionBecoming to make can be by described projection described between described camshaft and described rotary driving partMobile and relatively rotate in draw-in groove, and can by mutually against and driven by described rotationDynamic component drives described camshaft.
7. variable valve timing apparatus according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described inThe size of draw-in groove is rendered as 60 degree angles with respect to the center of rotation of described rotary driving part, described inThe size of projection is rendered as 30 degree angles with respect to the center of rotation of described rotary driving part.
8. variable valve timing apparatus according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described inThe inside of rotary driving part is provided with the oil duct extending along the axial direction of described rotary driving part,And described rotary driving part also has from described oil duct and leads to described rotary driving part outsideOil pocket.
9. variable valve timing apparatus according to claim 8, is characterized in that, described inThe two ends of camshaft are provided with oil sealing.
10. variable valve timing apparatus according to claim 6, is characterized in that, instituteState rotary driving part and be provided with timing sprocket, carry out for the crank-driven by described engineSynchronous rotation.
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| CN201210326499.6A CN102852581B (en) | 2012-09-06 | 2012-09-06 | Variable valve timing apparatus |
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| CN201210326499.6A CN102852581B (en) | 2012-09-06 | 2012-09-06 | Variable valve timing apparatus |
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| CN102852581B true CN102852581B (en) | 2016-05-25 |
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| CN104141537A (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2014-11-12 | 范伟俊 | Engine with variable compression ratio |
| CN103257047B (en) * | 2013-05-29 | 2015-11-18 | 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司 | The test unit that a kind of engine valve timing regulates continuously |
| CN103334808B (en) * | 2013-06-03 | 2016-08-10 | 浙江亿日气动科技有限公司 | Electric engine brake device |
| KR101628088B1 (en) * | 2015-07-07 | 2016-06-08 | 현대자동차 주식회사 | Continuous variable vavle duration apparatus and engine provided with the same |
| CN106907206B (en) * | 2017-04-24 | 2023-02-21 | 吉林大学 | Variable valve timing mechanism of engine |
| CN108316984B (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2023-10-13 | 吉林大学 | Engine valve timing adjusting device |
| CN109736945A (en) * | 2019-01-16 | 2019-05-10 | 西华大学 | A kind of opposed pistons three-stroke internal combustion linear generating unit |
| CN111197508A (en) * | 2020-01-06 | 2020-05-26 | 义乌吉利动力总成有限公司 | Continuous variable valve system and automobile |
| CN113047920A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-06-29 | 深圳臻宇新能源动力科技有限公司 | Valve assembly, internal combustion engine, automobile and internal combustion engine circulation control method |
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| DE2921645A1 (en) * | 1979-05-28 | 1980-12-11 | Karl Lehr | Variable timing camshaft for IC engine - has each lobe divided and movable on helix to change overall cam form |
| GB2245047A (en) * | 1990-06-12 | 1991-12-18 | Ford Motor Co | Phase change mechanism |
| CN1692217A (en) * | 2002-10-25 | 2005-11-02 | 株式会社电装 | Variable valve timing control device of internal combustion engine |
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