CN102845289A - Anthurium substrate - Google Patents
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- CN102845289A CN102845289A CN201210336071XA CN201210336071A CN102845289A CN 102845289 A CN102845289 A CN 102845289A CN 201210336071X A CN201210336071X A CN 201210336071XA CN 201210336071 A CN201210336071 A CN 201210336071A CN 102845289 A CN102845289 A CN 102845289A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of substrates, in particular to Anthurium substrate. The Anthurium substrate comprises, by weight percent, 45-50% of peat soil, 49.5-55% of urban organic waste, 0.2-0.6% of perlite, and 0.005-0.02% of bactericide. The urban organic waste is mixture of domestic sludge, mushroom residue, and compost of dry branches and fallen leaves. The bactericide is sodium p(dimethylamino)benzenediazo sulfonate. The components add up to 100% by weight. Cost in planting Anthurium can be effectively reduced by using the Anthurium substrate, water and fertilizer retention is improved, quality of Anthurium is improved, and disease and insect resistance of Anthurium is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the medium technical field, particularly a kind of red palm medium.
Background technology
The red palm has another name called Huo Hehua, red luxuriant taro, and Greece's literary fame it " An Shilian " is translated and meant " flower that tail is arranged ".It is just like a red palm of stretching out, hold up one little flavous meat fringe in the centre of the palm, belong to the Araeceae perennial herb, originate in the tropical rain forest area of South America, the property happiness warm, moist and half cloudy environment, but not anti-the moon, happiness sunlight and avoid direct sunlight, cold-resistant, happiness is fertile and avoid saline and alkaline.Potted anthurium andraeanum should select that the preserve moisture and fertility ability is strong, permeability good, the matrix of ponding not; the composite interstitial substance of large-scale production peat, perlite, sand; its ratio is 1 cubic metre of peat: 4 to 5 kilograms of perlites: 0.15 cubic metre of sand; its optimum growth temperature is 20 ℃ to 30 ℃; maximum temperature should not be above 35 ℃; minimum temperature is 14 ℃, and being lower than 10 ℃ has freezing possibility at any time.Optimal light intensity is 10000 Lux, should not be higher than 30000 Lux, and the suitableeest relative air humidity is 70% to 80%, should not be lower than 50%, because keep the higher air humidity of planting environment, be the successful key of red palm cultivation, therefore, should carry out throughout the year the blade face water spray more.
Yet in the general planting, with the peat soil water penetration good, but water retention capacity is poor, therefore often adopt the import peat soil in the general planting, but use import peat soil cost high fully, and domestic peat soil exists nutrient unstable and contain other harmful substance, such as the shortcoming of heavy metal, pathogen, parasitic ovum, quality, the survival rate of the red palm is affected.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provides a kind of red palm medium for the deficiencies in the prior art, it can effectively reduce red palm planting cost, and improve the preserve moisture and fertility effect of red palm planting matrix, improve gas permeability and the moisture capacity of matrix, improve the quality of the red palm, and reach the ability that improves red palm disease-resistant, insect-prevention.
Purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.
A kind of red palm medium, it is comprised of the raw material of following percentage by weight:
Peat soil 45～50%
City organic waste 49.5～55%
Perlite 0.2～0.6%
Bactericide 0.005～0.02%
Described city organic waste is the mixture that domestic sludge, mushroom slag, dry branches and fallen leaves compost obtain;
Described bactericide is to dimethylamino benzene diazosulfonic acid sodium.
Described peat soil is the import peat soil;
The percentage by weight sum of above each component is 100%.
Wherein, the city organic waste is that domestic sludge, mushroom slag, dry branches and fallen leaves etc. carry out quick bio fermentation, the organic substrate after the harmless treatment.Domestic sludge refers to the mud of town domestic sewage treatment plant, the mud of food industry.
Wherein, described peat soil can be the peat soil of European import, is preferably German Te Lifu peat soil.Germany Te Lifu peat soil cleannes are high, and nutrient is stable, and the content of other harmful substance is few, is conducive to improve quality and the survival rate of the red palm.
The city fermentation of organic wastes becomes the operation of organic substrate as follows:
(1) sludge pretreatment technology: the domestic sludge preconditioning technique mainly comprises sludge deodorization, organic pollutant inactivation, dehydration decrement and heavy metal passivation etc.
(2) microorganism aerobic desiccation sludge disposal technology:
1, compost method: the compost method of employing is that the comprehensive Rapid Fermentation of the aerobe-physical-chemical coupling of our company's independent research is processed city sewage sludge reclamation technology During High-Temperature Composting.The aerobic high-heat compost is actually the process of a microbial fermentation, and in this process, organic materials becomes CO under the decomposition of microorganism
2With micromolecular organic compound (organic matter), realize the degraded of organic materials, it is the process of a stabilisation, the while compost material is also assembled a large amount of heats reaches more than 60 ℃ the temperature of heap body, and continue for some time, pathogen, parasitic ovum and weed seed etc. there are killing action, realize the innoxious process of compost.
2, compost target: through the material of high temperature aerobic composting, volume reduces, moisture reduces, light specific gravity, can reach stabilisation, innoxious control index: the moisture content ﹤ 65% of regulation in " urban wastewater treatment firm pollutant emission standard ", degradation effect of organic compound ﹥ 50%, worm egg lethality ﹥ 95%, excrement colibacillus group bacterium value ﹥ 0.01.
Bactericide is the Main Ingredients and Appearance of fenaminosulf bactericide to dimethylamino benzene diazosulfonic acid sodium, is the soil bactericide specially, is added into and works to kill noxious bacteria in the matrix.It is mainly used in crops (before transplanting) soil sterilization in seedling stage or transplants rear the irrigation and use, and can kill fast, remove fungi, bacterium, the microbial disease of reaping hook, especially the continuous cropping germ is had special efficacy.
Preferably, a kind of red palm medium, it is comprised of the raw material of following percentage by weight:
Peat soil 48～50%
City organic waste 49.5～52%
Perlite 0.3～0.5%
Bactericide 0.01～0.02%.
More preferably, a kind of red palm medium, it is comprised of the raw material of following percentage by weight:
Peat soil 49.5～50%
City organic waste 49.5～50%
Perlite 0.35～0.5%
Bactericide 0.015～0.02%.
Wherein, in the organic waste of described city, domestic sludge: mushroom slag: the volume ratio of dry branches and fallen leaves is 5.5～7.0:1.5～2:1.5～2.5, is preferably 6:2:2.Domestic sludge, the raw material sources of mushroom slag and dry branches and fallen leaves are extensive, and cost of material is low, and is complete by the nutrition of its organic substrate that makes, and being conducive to turns waste into wealth, and economic benefit and social benefit are high.
Wherein, in the organic waste of described city, N, P
2O
5And K
2Total Yang Fen of O＞=4%, You Ji Zhi＞=40%, Han Shui Shuais＜=and 40%, nutritive element is complete, and being conducive to provide preferably, nutrient further improves the quality of the red palm for red palm growth.
Wherein, described perlitic particle diameter is 2.5～4mm, is preferably 3mm.Perlitic nature is stable, can keep good aqueous vapor balance, so that root system of plant has good gas permeability and sufficient moisture.The perlitic particle diameter that the present invention selects is thicker, and raw material sources are extensive, and cost of material is low, and is not easy floatingly in the process of watering, and water conservation is effective.
Wherein, the pH of described red palm medium is 5.5～6.5.The medium peracid causes the matrix nutrient under-supply; Medium is crossed alkali, then affects the red palm to the absorption of nutrient, causes red palm undergrowth; The pH of the medium that the present invention makes is faintly acid, satisfies the growth conditions of the red palm, guarantees red palm stable growth, and survival rate is high, and red palm quality is high.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: medium of the present invention, utilization has complete nutritive element with the organic substrate that the city organic waste of domestic sludge, mushroom slag and dry branches and fallen leaves carries out behind the hot fermentation, improve the organic matter of medium, changed the characteristic of medium, therefore, the present invention utilizes the city organic waste to mix in proportion with the import peat soil, can improve on the one hand gas permeability and the moisture capacity of soil, can improve the quality of the red palm on the other hand, and reach the ability that improves red palm disease-resistant, insect-prevention.Red palm cultivation method of the present invention, simple to operate, production cost is low, and cultivation effect is good, is conducive to accomplish scale production and use, and is suitable for generally promoting.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) by the improvement to medium, the problem that overcome the easy dehydration of traditional culture matrix, causes nutrient easily to run off simultaneously.
(2) added the city organic waste, reduced on the whole the rate of release of fertilizer, reach the effect of slow release long-acting, reduced simultaneously loss, so can prolong the fertilising cycle, assurance guarantees that to continuity and the uniformity of the red palm fertilizer equilibrium of nutrient in the red palm incubation puts in place, guarantees the growth quality of the red palm.
(3) in the situation of identical fertilizing amount, the price of culture matrix of the present invention is lower, can further reduce production costs.
(4) medium of the present invention is applicable to the cultivation of the nourishing and growing of the red palm, reproductive growth link (blooming).The kind of the applicable red palm comprises Alabama, mobile telephone, powder champion, blazing sun, fragrant prince wife, sweet champion and Pandora etc., applied range.
Figure of description
Fig. 1 is the growing state figure that utilizes the red palm that the application's medium plantation obtains.
Fig. 2 is the red palm growing state figure at another visual angle of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 utilizes the import peat soil to plant the growing state figure of the red palm that obtains.
Fig. 4 is the red palm growing state figure at another visual angle of Fig. 3.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with embodiment 1～6.
Embodiment 1.
A kind of red palm medium, it is comprised of the raw material of following weight:
Peat soil 450kg, city organic waste 550kg, perlite 4 kg and bactericide 0.1kg.Described city organic waste is the mixture that domestic sludge, mushroom slag, dry branches and fallen leaves compost obtain; Described bactericide is to dimethylamino benzene diazosulfonic acid sodium; Described peat soil is German Te Lifu peat soil.Wherein, domestic sludge: mushroom slag: the volume ratio of dry branches and fallen leaves is 5.5:2:2.5.In the organic waste of described city, N, P
2O
5And K
2Total Yang Fen of O＞=4%, You Ji Zhi＞=40%, Han Shui Shuais＜=and 40%.Wherein, perlitic particle diameter is 4mm.The pH of the red palm medium that makes is 5.5.
Utilize red palm medium to cultivate the method for the red palm, may further comprise the steps:
The raw material of above-mentioned weight is stirred, make medium; With basin on the above-mentioned medium; Medium behind upper basin waters, and makes matrix fully inhale permeable part; Basin on the red palm seedling, and be placed in the greenhouse that covers screened negative, keeping humidity is daytime 75%, night 65%, and illumination 15000lux, temperature is controlled at 25 ℃ of daytimes, 20 ℃ of nights; Water weekly 2 times behind the basin on the red palm seedling, drenched to matrix; Water weekly liquid manure 1 time, be the 550ml/ basin at every turn, and liquid manure adopts the prescription liquid fertilizer water Dutch An Zu company.
The medium that the present invention makes is used widely at present, produces the red palm 30,000 basins per year such as mountain flower field, Dongguan City water Lian, and little shoot survival percent reaches more than 98%, and the leaf look dark green, and pattern is bright-coloured.
Embodiment 2.
A kind of red palm medium, it is comprised of the raw material of following weight:
Peat soil 480kg, city organic waste 520kg, perlite 4.5kg and bactericide 0.15kg.Described city organic waste is the mixture that domestic sludge, mushroom slag, dry branches and fallen leaves compost obtain; Described bactericide is to dimethylamino benzene diazosulfonic acid sodium; Described peat soil is German Te Lifu peat soil.Wherein, domestic sludge: mushroom slag: the volume ratio of dry branches and fallen leaves is 6:1.5:2.5.In the organic waste of described city, N, P
2O
5And K
2Total Yang Fen of O＞=4%, You Ji Zhi＞=40%, Han Shui Shuais＜=and 40%.Wherein, perlitic particle diameter is 3.5mm.The pH of the red palm medium that makes is 5.8.
Utilize red palm medium to cultivate the method for the red palm, may further comprise the steps:
The raw material of above-mentioned weight is stirred, make medium; With basin on the above-mentioned medium; Medium behind upper basin waters, and makes matrix fully inhale permeable part; Basin on the red palm seedling, and be placed in the greenhouse that covers screened negative, keeping humidity is daytime 75%, night 65%, and illumination 16000lux, temperature is controlled at 26 ℃ of daytimes, 22 ℃ of nights; Water weekly 2 times behind the basin on the red palm seedling, drenched to matrix; Water weekly liquid manure 1 time, be the 600ml/ basin at every turn, and liquid manure adopts the prescription liquid fertilizer water Dutch An Zu company.
Embodiment 3.
A kind of red palm medium, it is comprised of the raw material of following weight:
Peat soil 490kg, city organic waste 510kg, perlite 5kg and bactericide 0.2kg.Described city organic waste is the mixture that domestic sludge, mushroom slag, dry branches and fallen leaves compost obtain; Described bactericide is to dimethylamino benzene diazosulfonic acid sodium; Described peat soil is German Te Lifu peat soil.Wherein, domestic sludge: mushroom slag: the volume ratio of dry branches and fallen leaves is 6:2:2.In the organic waste of described city, N, P
2O
5And K
2Total Yang Fen of O＞=4%, You Ji Zhi＞=40%, Han Shui Shuais＜=and 40%.Wherein, perlitic particle diameter is 3.5mm.The pH of the red palm medium that makes is 6.0.
Utilize red palm medium to cultivate the method for the red palm, may further comprise the steps:
The raw material of above-mentioned weight is stirred, make medium; With basin on the above-mentioned medium; Medium behind upper basin waters, and makes matrix fully inhale permeable part; Basin on the red palm seedling, and be placed in the greenhouse that covers screened negative, keeping humidity is daytime 80%, night 68%, and illumination 17000lux, temperature is controlled at 27 ℃ of daytimes, 24 ℃ of nights; Water weekly 2 times behind the basin on the red palm seedling, drenched to matrix; Water weekly liquid manure 1 time, be the 650ml/ basin at every turn, and liquid manure adopts the prescription liquid fertilizer water Dutch An Zu company.
Embodiment 4.
A kind of red palm medium, it is comprised of the raw material of following weight:
Peat soil 497kg, city organic waste 503kg, perlite 5kg and bactericide 0.2kg.Described city organic waste is the mixture that domestic sludge, mushroom slag, dry branches and fallen leaves compost obtain; Described bactericide is to dimethylamino benzene diazosulfonic acid sodium; Described peat soil is German Te Lifu peat soil.Wherein, domestic sludge: mushroom slag: the volume ratio of dry branches and fallen leaves is 6:2:2.In the organic waste of described city, N, P
2O
5And K
2Total Yang Fen of O＞=4%, You Ji Zhi＞=40%, Han Shui Shuais＜=and 40%.Wherein, perlitic particle diameter is 3mm.The pH of the red palm medium that makes is 6.0.
Utilize red palm medium to cultivate the method for the red palm, may further comprise the steps:
The raw material of above-mentioned weight is stirred, make medium; With basin on the above-mentioned medium; Medium behind upper basin waters, and makes matrix fully inhale permeable part; Basin on the red palm seedling, and be placed in the greenhouse that covers screened negative, keeping humidity is daytime 80%, night 68%, and illumination 18000lux, temperature is controlled at 28 ℃ of daytimes, 25 ℃ of nights; Water weekly 1 time behind the basin on the red palm seedling, drenched to matrix; Water weekly liquid manure 1 time, be the 650ml/ basin at every turn, and liquid manure adopts the prescription liquid fertilizer water Dutch An Zu company.
Embodiment 5.
A kind of red palm medium, it is comprised of the raw material of following weight:
Peat soil 498kg, city organic waste 502kg, perlite 6 kg and bactericide 0.2kg.Described city organic waste is the mixture that domestic sludge, mushroom slag, dry branches and fallen leaves compost obtain; Described bactericide is to dimethylamino benzene diazosulfonic acid sodium; Described peat soil is German Te Lifu peat soil.Wherein, domestic sludge: mushroom slag: the volume ratio of dry branches and fallen leaves is 6.5:1.5:2.In the organic waste of described city, N, P
2O
5And K
2Total Yang Fen of O＞=4%, You Ji Zhi＞=40%, Han Shui Shuais＜=and 40%.Wherein, perlitic particle diameter is 3mm.The pH of the red palm medium that makes is 6.3.
Utilize red palm medium to cultivate the method for the red palm, may further comprise the steps:
The raw material of above-mentioned weight is stirred, make medium; With basin on the above-mentioned medium; Medium behind upper basin waters, and makes matrix fully inhale permeable part; Basin on the red palm seedling, and be placed in the greenhouse that covers screened negative, keeping humidity is daytime 85%, night 70%, and illumination 19000lux, temperature is controlled at 29 ℃ of daytimes, 26 ℃ of nights; Water weekly 1 time behind the basin on the red palm seedling, drenched to matrix; Water weekly liquid manure 1 time, be the 650ml/ basin at every turn, and liquid manure adopts the prescription liquid fertilizer water Dutch An Zu company.
Embodiment 6.
A kind of red palm medium, it is comprised of the raw material of following weight:
Peat soil 500kg, city organic waste 550kg, perlite 8 kg and bactericide 0.3kg.Described city organic waste is the mixture that domestic sludge, mushroom slag, dry branches and fallen leaves compost obtain; Described bactericide is to dimethylamino benzene diazosulfonic acid sodium; Described peat soil is German Te Lifu peat soil.Wherein, domestic sludge: mushroom slag: the volume ratio of dry branches and fallen leaves is 7:1.5:1.5.In the organic waste of described city, N, P
2O
5And K
2Total Yang Fen of O＞=4%, You Ji Zhi＞=40%, Han Shui Shuais＜=and 40%.Wherein, perlitic particle diameter is 2.5mm.The pH of the red palm medium that makes is 6.5.
Utilize red palm medium to cultivate the method for the red palm, may further comprise the steps:
The raw material of above-mentioned weight is stirred, make medium; With basin on the above-mentioned medium; Medium behind upper basin waters, and makes matrix fully inhale permeable part; Basin on the red palm seedling, and be placed in the greenhouse that covers screened negative, keeping humidity is daytime 85%, night 70%, and illumination 20000lux, temperature is controlled at 30 ℃ of daytimes, 28 ℃ of nights; Water weekly 1 time behind the basin on the red palm seedling, drenched to matrix; Water weekly liquid manure 1 time, be the 650ml/ basin at every turn, and liquid manure adopts the prescription liquid fertilizer water Dutch An Zu company.
Below be the red palm of 50 basins that the applicant planted from September 1st, 2011, randomly draw 5 basins, observe at set intervals, plant height, leaf length, spray number are monitored.The below lists the medium that utilizes the application and utilizes the import peat soil to carry out respectively the growing state contrast tabulation of red palm plantation.
As can be seen from the above table, the plant height of the red palm of the application's medium cultivation obviously is better than adopting fully the height of the red palm of import peat soil on the height in later stage; Wide and the leaf length of the leaf of the red palm of the application's medium cultivation is under equal period, and leaf is wide, Ye Changjun is wider, longer than import peat soil; And the spray base of the spray number of the red palm of the application's medium cultivation and import peat soil originally maintains an equal level; To sum up, can find out that the application not only cost of material is low, the growing way of the red palm is more vigorous.
In addition, can find out from Fig. 1-4 that utilize the application's medium to plant the red palm that obtains, its width of blade is larger, the leaf look dark green, and the glossiness of blade is high, and the quality of the red palm is higher.And the red palm that only adopts the plantation of import peat soil to obtain, its width of blade is less, and the leaf colour cast is yellow, the inferior quality of the red palm.
Should be noted that at last; above embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention; but not limiting the scope of the invention; although with reference to preferred embodiment the present invention has been done to explain; those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that; can make amendment or be equal to replacement technical scheme of the present invention, and not break away from essence and the scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. red palm medium, it is characterized in that: it is comprised of the raw material of following percentage by weight:
Peat soil 45～50%
City organic waste 49.5～55%
Perlite 0.2～0.6%
Bactericide 0.005～0.02%
Described city organic waste is the mixture that domestic sludge, mushroom slag, dry branches and fallen leaves compost obtain;
Described bactericide is to dimethylamino benzene diazosulfonic acid sodium;
Described peat soil is the import peat soil;
The percentage by weight sum of above each component is 100%.
2. a kind of red palm medium according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: it is comprised of the raw material of following percentage by weight:
Peat soil 48～50%
City organic waste 49.5～52%
Perlite 0.3～0.5%
Bactericide 0.01～0.02%.
3. a kind of red palm medium according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: it is comprised of the raw material of following percentage by weight:
Peat soil 49.5～50%
City organic waste 49.5～50%
Perlite 0.35～0.5%
Bactericide 0.015～0.02%.
4. a kind of red palm medium according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the organic waste of described city, domestic sludge: mushroom slag: the volume ratio of dry branches and fallen leaves is 5.5～7.0:1.5～2:1.5～2.5.
5. a kind of red palm medium according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the organic waste of described city, and N, P
2O
5And K
2Total Yang Fen of O＞=4%, You Ji Zhi＞=40%, Han Shui Shuais＜=and 40%.
6. a kind of red palm medium according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described perlitic particle diameter is 2.5～4mm.
7. a kind of red palm medium according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the pH of described red palm medium is 5.5～6.5.
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| CN104557264A (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2015-04-29 | 柯利佳 | Osmanthus tree culture medium |
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| CN111053034A (en) * | 2020-01-09 | 2020-04-24 | 上海市农业科学院 | Tissue culture method for generating anthurium embryoid through root tip induction |
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