CN102844924A - 产生能量的方法和混合物用于产生能量的用途 - Google Patents

产生能量的方法和混合物用于产生能量的用途 Download PDF

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CN102844924A
CN102844924A CN2011800189732A CN201180018973A CN102844924A CN 102844924 A CN102844924 A CN 102844924A CN 2011800189732 A CN2011800189732 A CN 2011800189732A CN 201180018973 A CN201180018973 A CN 201180018973A CN 102844924 A CN102844924 A CN 102844924A
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R·克内普
B·施佩特
F·蒂希
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Abstract

本发明特别涉及产生能量的方法，包括下述步骤：-提供或生产丙二醇-水混合物，其具有30体积%至94体积%的丙二醇份额；-从丙二醇-水混合物产生氢，特别是通过转化产生氢；和–特别是通过氢的氧化，经转换器，尤其是在电元件特别是燃料电池中，将氢转变为能量，特别是电能和/或热能。

Description

产生能量的方法和混合物用于产生能量的用途
本发明涉及产生能量的方法和混合物用于产生能量的用途。
对于产生能量来说，已知的是例如通过转化流体的转化产生氢，并通过燃料电池将其以转变为电流。例如，DE 102005046746A1公开了这样的方法，其中首先将水电解为氢和氧，并随后从二氧化碳和/或一氧化碳和水合成转化流体。合成的转化流体可以是例如醇类比如丙二醇等。
本发明的任务是提高替代的产生能量的方法。另外，还指出混合物用于产生能量的用途。
所述任务通过权利要求1和8得以解决。各从属权利要求提供各种解决方式。
根据权利要求1预计产生能量的方法，其具有下述步骤：
提供或生产丙二醇-水混合物，其具有30体积%至94体积%的丙二醇份额；
-特别是通过转化，从所述丙二醇-水混合物产生第二载能体尤其是氢和/或一氧化碳；和
-特别是通过所述第二载能体的氧化转化，经过转换器，特别是在电元件尤其是燃料电池中，将所述第二载能体转变为能量特别是电能和/或热能。
在建议的方法中，将指定的浓度范围内的丙二醇-水混合物用作载能体，也即用作第一载能体。比较而言，丙二醇-水混合物易于处理。原因是，其作为流体可以以较简单的方式储藏于例如适宜的容器中，在此情况下尤其可以毫无困难地进行该容器的再次填充。丙二醇-水混合物的优点是无毒且可生物降解，由此省略对于人类和自然界的繁复昂贵的保护手段。另外，在所指定的浓度范围内的丙二醇-水混合物的可燃性至少得到限制，由此所述方法可以得到普遍应用，尤其是在希望更低可燃性的区域中，在有引燃危险的区域或环境中，以及在对可燃性有严格限制和禁令的区域中。
所建议的方法是环境友好的，至少对环境无害，并且适于移动和便携的以及静止的发电。
由于所述的有利特性，所述方法可以用于各种领域，特别是移动的电流或能量供应设备中，例如用于客运交通特别是航空中，尤其是飞行器中。
作为第二载能体，如上所述，可以生产氢和/或一氧化碳。氢可以例如在通常的高温或低温聚合物电解质燃料电池(PEMFC)中转化为电能和/或热能。在所谓的固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)中，可以将氢和一氧化碳转化为第二载能体。使用SOFC燃料电池，有可能将第二载能体特别是氢和一氧化碳直接转化，也即转化为电流和/或转变为热能。在此直接转化是指，除了所述燃料电池不需要外部转化器，例如在PEMFC燃料电池情况下的外部转化器。
优选地，使用具有30体积%至56体积%，56体积%至60体积%，60体积%至70体积%，70体积%至80体积%和/或80体积%至94体积%丙二醇份额的丙二醇-水混合物。应指出，本发明特别涵盖由上述范围端点组合而成的每一浓度范围。指定的浓度范围内特别具有下述优点：
其中水作为完全阻燃剂起作用的浓度范围56体积%至60体积%的丙二醇-水混合物已经得到允许用于航空，从而对应的混合物可以不受限地用于飞行器中的能量供应。
水的阻燃效果继续直到高达80体积%的浓度范围。因此，相应的混合物可不受限地用于必要的阻燃。
但是，在80体积%至94体积%的浓度范围，水的阻燃效果受到限制。相对其它载能介质比如尤其是氢气而言，所建议的混合物比较而言更安全。
根据本发明方法的一种实施方式预计，在将第二载能体特别是氢和/或一氧化碳转变为能量时产生的热能以补充方式用于从丙二醇-水混合物产生第二载能体。通过使用在转变氢和/或一氧化碳时产生的废热，可以非常显著地减少产生第二载能体所需的能量需求。因此，本发明方法的总效率可以得到持续地改善。
可以将在第二载能体转变时产生的热能特别地送至用于从丙二醇-水混合物产生氢和/或一氧化碳的转化器。热能的其它用途例如用于加热等也是同样可能的。
根据本发明方法的另一变型，经过仍未转化的丙二醇-水混合物的至少一部分，经过具有大于94%丙二醇份额的丙二醇-水混合物，或者经过纯丙二醇，从转变氢产生的废气，其是指水、水蒸气或空气-水混合物，至少一种原料气，特别是氢、氧、一氧化碳或对应的空气混合物，和/或环境空气中，抽取水或水蒸气。在此丙二醇的吸湿特性以有利方式得以利用。特别是，在干燥或湿润原料气的情况下，可以进一步改善本发明方法的效率。
特别地，根据上述变型能够从更高度浓缩的混合物或纯丙二醇产生或生产希望浓度范围的丙二醇-水混合物。特别地，这对移动载能体供应设备是优点，因为携带的水份额可以得以减少。
比方说，可以从废气、原料气和/或环境空气这样抽取水或水蒸气，其中(视情况多次)将它们通过丙二醇-水混合物或丙二醇和/或使它们经过可渗透水或水蒸气的交换表面，优选特异性可渗透水或水蒸气的交换表面，特别是与所述丙二醇-水混合物或所述丙二醇接触的膜，或者与其接触。
根据本发明方法的一种实施方式，可以从二氧化碳和/或一氧化碳、氢和水直接生产丙二醇-水混合物，至少其一部分。
独立权利要求8涉及30体积%至94体积%丙二醇份额的丙二醇-水混合物的用途，其用于通过从丙二醇-水混合物产生的第二载能体特别是氢和/或一氧化碳的氧化，特别是通过其的电转化，产生能量特别是电能和/或热能。
优选地，使用30体积%至56体积%，56体积%至60体积%，60体积%至70体积%，70体积%至80体积%或80体积%至94体积%的浓度范围。相对用储存的氢驱动的燃料电池***，使用丙二醇-水混合物可以获得明显更高的特别是更高数倍的能量密度，其特别基于丙二醇的比较而言更高的比能量密度。特别地，可获得的比较而言更高的能量密度不仅在移动***情况下对于的现场载能体储藏是显著优点。在规定的能耗下，高能量密度还意味着比较而言更少的储存和储藏第一载能体（本文的丙二醇-水混合物）的场地需求。特别是对于航空领域，对于地面应用以及对于移动应用，另一优点在于高比能量(也即丙二醇的比重能量密度)带来的低重量。
另外可能的是，丙二醇-水混合物额外用于从转变氢产生的废气、至少一种原料气和/或环境空气抽取水或水蒸气。
对于使用丙二醇-水混合物的优点和有利作用，可参见所建议的方法的上述各实施方式。

Claims (10)

1.产生能量的方法，包括下述步骤：
提供或生产丙二醇-水混合物，其具有30体积%至94体积%的丙二醇份额；
从所述丙二醇-水混合物，特别是通过转化，产生第二载能体，特别是氢和/或一氧化碳；和
特别是通过氢和/或一氧化碳的氧化，经转换器，尤其是在电元件特别是燃料电池中，将第二载能体特别是氢和/或一氧化碳转变为能量特别是电能和/或热能。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，其中使用具有30体积%至56体积%，56体积%至60体积%，60体积%至70体积%，70体积%至80体积%和/或80体积%至94体积%的丙二醇份额的丙二醇-水混合物。
3.根据权利要求1或2之一的方法，其中将在第二载能体转变时产生的热能以补充方式用于从所述丙二醇-水混合物产生所述第二载能体。
4.根据权利要求2的方法，其中将所述热能送至转化器以从所述丙二醇-水混合物产生所述第二载能体。
5.根据权利要求1至4之一的方法，其中经过仍未转化的丙二醇-水混合物的至少一部分、经过丙二醇份额大于94%的丙二醇-水混合物或经过纯丙二醇，从在所述第二载能体转变时产生的废气、至少一种原料气和/或环境空气中抽取水或水蒸气。
6.根据权利要求5的方法，其中将所述废气、原料气和/或所述环境空气输送通过丙二醇-水混合物或丙二醇和/或将其输送经过可渗透水或水蒸气的、优选可特异性渗透水或水蒸气的交换表面，特别是与所述丙二醇-水混合物或所述丙二醇接触的膜，或者是与所述交换表面接触。
7.根据权利要求1至6之一的方法，其中直接从二氧化碳和/或一氧化碳、氢和水生产所述丙二醇-水混合物。
8.具有30体积%至94体积%丙二醇份额的丙二醇-水混合物的用途，其用于经过从所述丙二醇-水混合物产生的第二载能体、特别是氢和/或一氧化碳的氧化/电转化，产生能量特别是电能和/或热能。
9.根据权利要求8的用途，其中使用具有30体积%至56体积%，56体积%至60体积%，60体积%至70体积%，70体积%至80体积%或80体积%至94体积%丙二醇份额的丙二醇-水混合物。
10.根据权利要求8和9之一的用途，其中所述丙二醇-水混合物额外用于，从在转变所述第二载能体产生的废气特别是水和/或水蒸气，至少一种原料气特别是空气和/或氧，和/或环境空气中，抽取水或水蒸气。
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