CN102842939A - Battery management system and battery management method - Google Patents

Battery management system and battery management method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102842939A
CN102842939A CN2012103680262A CN201210368026A CN102842939A CN 102842939 A CN102842939 A CN 102842939A CN 2012103680262 A CN2012103680262 A CN 2012103680262A CN 201210368026 A CN201210368026 A CN 201210368026A CN 102842939 A CN102842939 A CN 102842939A
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address
bus
slave controller
battery management
slave
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CN102842939B (en
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蒋虎
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CRM ICBG Wuxi Co Ltd
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Wuxi China Resources Semico Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a battery management system, relating to a battery and a management method thereof. The battery management system comprises a main controller and slave controllers, wherein the main controller is connected with a plurality of slave controllers by an internal CAN (Controller Area Network) bus; each slave controller controls one battery group; and the main controller is also connected with external equipment through an external CAN bus. The battery management system is characterized by further comprising a wire jumper circuit module and a nonvolatile storage unit, wherein the wire jumper module is in controlled connection with the slave controllers to decide working modes of the slave controllers; the nonvolatile storage unit is connected with the slave controllers; and the storage unit is used for storing allocated addresses of the slave controllers. The battery management system is rapid to start, low in cost, simple in circuit structure and high in working reliability.

Description

A kind of battery management system and battery management method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of battery management system (BMS), configurable battery management system of particularly a kind of node address and concrete management method thereof.
Background technology
Battery management system (BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM abbreviates BMS as) is the tie between battery and the user, mainly to liking secondary cell.Some shortcomings below secondary cell exists are few like stored energy, the life-span short, problem is used in connection in series-parallel, safety in utilization, battery electric quantity estimation difficulty etc.The performance of battery is very complicated, and dissimilar battery behaviors also differ greatly.Battery management system (BMS) major function comprises: the state-of-charge (State of Charge, i.e. SOC) of accurately estimating power battery pack; In battery charge and discharge process, gather terminal voltage and temperature, charging and discharging currents and the power brick total voltage of every battery in the accumulator of electric car group in real time, prevent that battery from overcharging or the overdischarge phenomenon; Be the cell equalizing charge, make each battery in the battery pack all reach balanced consistent state.These measures all are intended to improve utilance, the extending battery life of battery.
The storage battery of electric automobile is normally connected, because the characteristic of dispatching from the factory of cell is inconsistent, plays an important role so above-mentioned battery management system is brought into play for the performance of electric automobile.
Fig. 1 is the BMS system construction drawing of the electric automobile of a typical prior art, like figure, system mainly by a master board, n from control board (also claiming monitoring means) and display module etc.Mainly be responsible for the measurement of information such as voltage, electric current, working temperature to the single battery of its monitoring from control board; And with the data that collect through the CAN bus (abbreviation of the Controller Area Network of controller local area network; It is one of most widely used fieldbus in the world; In the world in a big way in, the CAN bus protocol has become the STD bus of Computer Controlled System for Vehicle and built-in industrial control area net) be transferred to master board; Master board is responsible for handling the battery status information that collects from control board, and gives equipment such as display module, charger and entire car controller with process result through outside CAN bus transfer.
This battery management system, owing to relate to communicating by letter of master controller and a plurality of slave controllers, so brought the problem of communication contention aware.The mode that battery management system adopted that solves communication contention aware at present mainly contains two big types: one type is that each slave controller is used the Different software code, the bus sign (bus ID) that static configuration is different; Another kind of is that mode through hardware or software is elder brother's slave controller dynamic assignment bus ID.First kind method need be developed the software code with different I D, and the complexity of software is higher.The second class methods efficient and cost are lower.
Described second class methods of relevant preamble; Open in the Chinese patent 200910249544.0 " distributed battery management system and mark distributing method thereof "; System is electrically connected master controller with a slave computer; This slave computer and other slave computers are electrically connected in series successively, master controller is given each slave computer allocation identification successively through the mode that activates the slave computer that is in series successively again.
In this technical scheme, a plurality of slave computers (being equivalent to slave controller) needs are connected successively, and the construction complexity is high, cost is high; And slave controller only just can be activated after last one the slave controller of adjacent electrical connection distributes the address with it and starts working; And the address of the slave controller that is activated is through obtaining to the master controller application; It is to be operated in the address configuration process that the same time has only a slave controller; Not only overall system efficiency is lower, and in some series circuits the situation of disconnection is arranged, and will cause follow-up one or more slave controller can't operate as normal.Simultaneously, the process that this battery management system all must carry out the primary address configuration when powering in each system has prolonged the initialization time of whole system undoubtedly.
Other has Chinese patent 200810021154.3 " distributed battery management system and management method thereof "; This invention is through at the external wire jumper circuit of acquisition module (also being equivalent to slave controller), utilizes the wire jumper circuit state to give corresponding C AN bus address for each acquisition module.This prior art has been introduced a plurality of wire jumpers as the hardware separator; Though solved the problem of system communication conflict effectively; But be not difficult to find that the quantity of the wire jumper circuit of this invention will increase along with the increase of acquisition module quantity, increase the hardware complexity of system; Let the hardware line become complicated, the quantity of the general input/output port (GPIO) of its shared microprocessor (MCU) also will increase.And it is different to need to rely on all hardware jumper states in the entire work process, and the setting of wire jumper can only rely on manpower to accomplish, and error rate is high.Wire jumper more likely in the course of the work also maybe be because vibration etc. be former thereby variation causes whole system to be made mistakes.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is deficiency, a kind of battery management system communication contention aware problem, simple in structure, with low cost and method that can solve between the master-slave controller is provided to the described prior art of background technology.
For this reason, technical scheme of the present invention is such:
A kind of battery management system; Comprise master controller, slave controller, master controller is through a plurality of slave controllers of inner CAN bus control connection, and each slave controller is controlled a battery pack; Master controller also connects external equipment through outside CAN bus; It is characterized in that: also comprise a wire jumper circuit module and nonvolatile storage, wire jumper circuit module control connection slave controller, the mode of operation of decision slave controller; Nonvolatile storage is connected with slave controller, the slave controller address that memory distribution arrives.
According to the structure of above-mentioned battery management system, the present invention also provides a kind of address configuration method of battery management system:
Entire method has comprised directly chooses the operational mode that work is carried out in the address of having distributed; Said operational mode is arranged in the pre-configured address of initialization and carries out later on; It is characterized in that, after the step of the pre-configured address of initialization, at first arrange a model select program; After model select program, arrange simultaneously an allocation model parallel with operational mode, operational mode and allocation model are to select one according to the wire jumper state to select to start by model select program; Operational mode comprises and from nonvolatile storage, reads the step of addresses distributed, and allocation model comprises and deposits the address in the nonvolatile storage step.
Concrete, the step of operational mode is:
1, from nonvolatile storage (EEPROM), reads the bus address of the slave controller of the correspondence that disposed when dispatching from the factory, this address is participated in the address of bus communication as this slave controller;
2, gather the battery pack information of its control connection, carry out the computing of related data, and judge whether to exist fault;
3, resolve the Frame of receiving on the CAN bus, on bus, respond corresponding frame data according to different frames;
As respond the remote frame of master controller request information of voltage;
4, judge whether to have on the bus and receive " address statement frame " identical with self address, as receive, then on bus, send the frame data of " this address just is used ",, then continue the execution of next step if do not have;
5, carry out other tasks of slave controller, carry out equilibrium control etc. like the battery pack that this slave controller is measured;
6, repeating step 1 is to step 6.
The step of preferred configuration mode is:
1, sends " the address statement frame " of this address of statement with before pre-configured bus address other slave controller on the CAN bus;
2, receive the CAN frame data, and resolve the frame data of receiving;
The frame data of the address occupied " this address just is used " that 3, judges whether to receive that this slave controller is stated in step 2.If the address is occupied, then the next available address of selective sequential and writes (like EEPROM) in the nonvolatile storage with this address as the pre-configured bus address of this slave controller from address pool, forwards the mode of operation option program afterwards to; If the address is unoccupied, this address is write in the nonvolatile storage, and forward the mode of operation option program to.
The present invention program compares with prior art; Possess remarkable advantages: at first, proposition be a kind of non real-time address allocation plan, address assignment and operate as normal are separated; So just need not each startup and all distribute the address, startup rapidly, program is simple, cost is low.
Secondly, the series connection successively of a plurality of slave controllers that do not require emphasis, each slave controller is relatively independent, and the job order of each slave controller does not have dependence and absolute succession, and free more, the reliable operation degree is high.
The 3rd, only need a wire jumper circuit distinguish mode of operation, and the state that does not need the wire jumper circuit is directly as the address distinguishing identifier of slave controller, the wire jumper quantitative requirement obviously reduces, and sets the probability of makeing mistakes and also reduces significantly.
The 4th; As long as jumper settings (as when dispatching from the factory or the later correction of long-term work, maintenance etc.) accomplish address assignment; At normal this type of jumper cap physics discriminating device that can no longer need fully in service; Avoided jumper cap to lose the logic error that causes, improved the stability and the reliability of whole system because of reasons such as vibrations.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1, the structure chart of typical battery management system;
Fig. 2, structure chart of the present invention;
Fig. 3, the flow chart of the embodiment of battery management method of the present invention.
Embodiment
Like Fig. 2, battery management system of the present invention comprises master controller 1, a plurality of slave controller 2, and master controller 1 is electrically connected with a plurality of slave controllers through inner CAN bus, battery pack 3 of control of each slave controller 2 correspondence.Master controller 1 connects external equipment through outside CAN bus; External equipment comprises display module 4, charger 5, entire car controller 6, also particularly including wire jumper circuit module 7 and nonvolatile storage 8, wire jumper circuit module control connection slave controller; Wire jumper circuit module 7 provides 0 and 1 two kind of logic; The mode of operation of decision slave controller is in address allocation pattern or is in normal operation mode, as, plug jumper cap and show and be in the address configuration pattern; Jumper cap breaks off and shows normal mode of operation, and vice versa.Nonvolatile storage 8 is connected with slave controller 2, the work address of the slave controller that memory allocation arrives.
Concrete workflow such as Fig. 3 of the address assignment of native system and normal operation mode.
Step 1, with the initial bus address initialization of first address in the slave controller available address pond as this slave controller, this initial bus address is also referred to as pre-configured bus address.
Step 2, read wire jumper information, which kind of mode of operation the decision slave controller gets into, and then jumps to step 3 and gets into the address configuration pattern and carry out for plugging state like, jumper cap, and jumper cap is that off-state then forwards step 4 to and gets into the normal mode of operation execution.
Step 3, address configuration mode of operation comprise following several steps:
A, with before pre-configured bus address other slave controller on the CAN bus send " the address statement frame " of this address of statement.
B, reception CAN frame data, and resolve the frame data of receiving.
The frame data of C, the address occupied " this address just is used " that judges whether to receive that this slave controller is stated in step 2 (A).If the address is occupied, then the next available address of selective sequential and writes (like EEPROM) in the nonvolatile storage with this address as the pre-configured bus address of this slave controller from address pool, forwards step 2 afterwards to.If the address is unoccupied, this address is write in the nonvolatile storage, and forward step 2 continuation operation to.
Step 4, normal mode of operation comprise the steps:
A, from nonvolatile storage (EEPROM), read this slave controller bus address that disposed when dispatching from the factory, this address is participated in the address of bus communication as this slave controller.
Information such as B, collection voltage, temperature are carried out the computing of related data, and are judged whether to exist fault.
The Frame of receiving on C, the parsing CAN bus responds corresponding frame data according to different frames on bus, like the remote frame of response master controller request information of voltage.
D, judge whether to have on the bus and receive " address statement frame " identical with self address, as receive, then on bus, send the frame data of " this address just is used ",, then continue the execution of next step if do not have.
Other tasks of E, execution slave controller are carried out equilibrium control etc. like the battery module that this slave controller is measured.
F, repeating step 4 (B) are to step 4 (E).
In the address configuration process; At first the wire jumper circuit with slave controller is in the jumper cap state of plugging; And all are needed linking same CAN bus from control board and getting on of configuration address; Successively jumper cap is extracted from slave controller at set intervals, slave controller has just been accomplished the address configuration process successively and has been got into normal operation mode of operation, then according to the system configuration of Fig. 1; The inside CAN bus that is connected with all slave controllers is linked to each other with master controller, and the entire cell management system just can operate as normal.And behind the system cut-off; When starting shooting again Deng next time; Because the bus address of slave controller configuration has before been write in the nonvolatile storage, these slave controllers only need take out their bus address separately from memory just can participate in bus communication by ensuring escapement from confliction.
The explanation of giving one example:
One has three slave controllers and needs configuration address in the battery management system.So, at first the CAN bus of these three slave controllers is linked together, and all inserted the jumper cap of the wire jumper circuit of three board (insert good and pull up be two kinds of different logical).Finish after the preparation; Three board is powered on and according to flow performing program shown in Figure 2, suppose total " 10 " in the slave controller address pool " 11 "; " 12 " three addresses can supply to distribute; This moment, three board all was in the address configuration pattern, and all on bus, was stating the bus address of address " 10 " for oneself, because do not use this bus address to be operated in the slave controller under the normal operation mode this moment; So do not have the frame data generation that address " 10 " " just is being used frame " on the bus, these slave controllers just can be stated one " address statement frame " at set intervals on bus.
The jumper cap of the wire jumper circuit of a slave controller is wherein pulled out; It will use address " 10 " to get into normal mode of operation work; And the frame data of " the address statement frame " response one " this address just is used " of the address " 10 " that other two slave controllers are sent; Two slave controllers receiving these frame data just can be selected statement address separately on bus again, address " 11 "; Same since do not use this moment this bus address be operated under the normal mode of operation from control board, these two slave controllers will continue use address " 11 " and on bus, state the address, and be operated under the address configuration pattern.
Wherein a jumper cap that is operated in the slave controller under the address configuration pattern pulls out again; He will use address " 11 " to get into the normal operation mode operation; And the frame data of " the address statement frame " response one " this address just is used " of the address " 11 " that will send the 3rd slave controller; So after the 3rd slave controller received the frame data that address " 11 " just is being used, it will select its address of statement on bus again, address " 12 ".
After last jumper cap with the 3rd slave controller is pulled out; Three slave controllers have just all been accomplished the process of address configuration; Because these bus addresss have been written in the nonvolatile memory, when starting shooting next time, just can directly from memory, read bus address separately.

Claims (4)

1. battery management system; Comprise master controller, slave controller, master controller is through a plurality of slave controllers of inner CAN bus control connection, and each slave controller is controlled a battery pack; Master controller also connects external equipment through outside CAN bus; It is characterized in that: also comprise a wire jumper circuit module and nonvolatile storage, wire jumper circuit module control connection slave controller, the mode of operation of decision slave controller; Nonvolatile storage is connected with slave controller, the slave controller address that memory distribution arrives.
2. the address configuration method of a battery management system; Entire method has comprised directly chooses the operational mode that work is carried out in the address of having distributed; Said operational mode is arranged in the pre-configured address of initialization and carries out later on; It is characterized in that, after the step of the pre-configured address of initialization, at first arrange a model select program; After model select program, arrange simultaneously an allocation model parallel with operational mode, operational mode and allocation model are to select one according to the wire jumper state to select to start by model select program; Operational mode comprises and from nonvolatile storage, reads the step of addresses distributed, and allocation model comprises and deposits the address in the nonvolatile storage step.
3. battery management system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the step of described operational mode is:
1), from nonvolatile storage (EEPROM), read the bus address of the slave controller of the correspondence that disposed when dispatching from the factory, this address is participated in the address of bus communication as this slave controller;
2), gather the battery pack information of its control connection, carry out the computing of related data, and judge whether to exist fault;
3), resolve the Frame of receiving on the CAN bus, on bus, respond corresponding frame data according to different frames;
4), judge whether to have on the bus and receive " address statement frame " identical with self address, as receive, then on bus, send the frame data of " this address just is used ", if do not have, then continue the execution of next step;
5), carry out other tasks of slave controller, carry out that like the battery pack that this slave controller is measured equilibrium controlled etc.;
6), repeating step 1 is to step 6.
4. battery management system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the step of described configuration mode is:
1), sends " the address statement frame " of this address of statement with before pre-configured bus address other slave controller on the CAN bus;
2), receive the CAN frame data, and resolve the frame data of receiving;
The frame data of the address occupied " this address just is used " that 3), judges whether to receive that this slave controller is stated in step 2: if the address is occupied; Then from address pool the next available address of selective sequential as the pre-configured bus address of this slave controller; And this address write (like EEPROM) in the nonvolatile storage, forward the mode of operation option program afterwards to; If the address is unoccupied, this address is write in the nonvolatile storage, and forward the mode of operation option program to.
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CN103390921A (en) * 2013-07-29 2013-11-13 中煤电气有限公司 Battery pack management system and battery pack management method for mining power supply
CN103676833A (en) * 2013-09-25 2014-03-26 江苏峰谷源储能技术研究院有限公司 An automatic configuration and correction method for battery electronic component communication addresses
CN103809476A (en) * 2014-02-24 2014-05-21 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 Dynamic management method for IDs of module control units of distributed battery management system
CN105516384A (en) * 2015-11-27 2016-04-20 上海中兴派能能源科技有限公司 Method and system for allocating addresses to plurality of battery modules
CN105653003A (en) * 2015-12-30 2016-06-08 深圳市科陆电子科技股份有限公司 Cell management unit, cell management system, and communication management method and system of cell management system
CN105872123A (en) * 2016-03-29 2016-08-17 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 Address coding method, battery monitoring unit, battery management unit and system
CN106547718A (en) * 2016-12-08 2017-03-29 东莞钜威动力技术有限公司 A kind of distribution method and battery management system of bus address
CN107979127A (en) * 2017-11-21 2018-05-01 深圳艾斯特创新科技有限公司 A kind of intelligent battery based on single line communication realizes the scheme of more cell parallel communications
CN110120690A (en) * 2018-02-06 2019-08-13 凹凸电子(武汉)有限公司 Manage controller, the system and method for battery pack
CN111343300A (en) * 2020-03-27 2020-06-26 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 Address automatic allocation method and communication system
CN114944967A (en) * 2021-02-09 2022-08-26 奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司 Encoding method, system, electronic device, and storage medium
WO2024083027A1 (en) * 2022-10-17 2024-04-25 厦门海辰储能科技股份有限公司 Energy block parallel communication method and apparatus

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CN103390921B (en) * 2013-07-29 2015-09-30 中煤电气有限公司 A kind of batteries management system for mine power resource and management method thereof
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CN103676833A (en) * 2013-09-25 2014-03-26 江苏峰谷源储能技术研究院有限公司 An automatic configuration and correction method for battery electronic component communication addresses
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CN105653003A (en) * 2015-12-30 2016-06-08 深圳市科陆电子科技股份有限公司 Cell management unit, cell management system, and communication management method and system of cell management system
CN105872123A (en) * 2016-03-29 2016-08-17 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 Address coding method, battery monitoring unit, battery management unit and system
CN105872123B (en) * 2016-03-29 2019-04-02 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 Address coding method, battery monitoring unit, battery management unit and system
CN106547718A (en) * 2016-12-08 2017-03-29 东莞钜威动力技术有限公司 A kind of distribution method and battery management system of bus address
CN107979127A (en) * 2017-11-21 2018-05-01 深圳艾斯特创新科技有限公司 A kind of intelligent battery based on single line communication realizes the scheme of more cell parallel communications
CN110120690A (en) * 2018-02-06 2019-08-13 凹凸电子(武汉)有限公司 Manage controller, the system and method for battery pack
CN110120690B (en) * 2018-02-06 2021-03-16 凹凸电子(武汉)有限公司 Controller, system and method for managing battery pack
CN111343300A (en) * 2020-03-27 2020-06-26 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 Address automatic allocation method and communication system
CN114944967A (en) * 2021-02-09 2022-08-26 奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司 Encoding method, system, electronic device, and storage medium
CN114944967B (en) * 2021-02-09 2024-02-13 奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司 Encoding method, encoding system, electronic device and storage medium
WO2024083027A1 (en) * 2022-10-17 2024-04-25 厦门海辰储能科技股份有限公司 Energy block parallel communication method and apparatus

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