CN102838235A - Method for removing underground water hardness by combination of lime and ultrafiltration - Google Patents
Method for removing underground water hardness by combination of lime and ultrafiltration Download PDFInfo
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- CN102838235A CN102838235A CN2012103397201A CN201210339720A CN102838235A CN 102838235 A CN102838235 A CN 102838235A CN 2012103397201 A CN2012103397201 A CN 2012103397201A CN 201210339720 A CN201210339720 A CN 201210339720A CN 102838235 A CN102838235 A CN 102838235A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for removing underground water hardness by combination of lime and ultrafiltration. The method comprises the following steps: pumping high-hardness underground water into a reaction pond through a pump, adding lime powder into the reaction pond through a chemical liquid adding device while the underground water is pumped into the reaction pond, fully mixing to guarantee full chemical reaction of the lime powder and the underground water, and generating a CaCO3 floc turbid solution difficultly soluble in the water; and enabling the floc turbid solution to flow to an ultrafiltration membrane for filtering, quickly depositing CaCO3 intercepted on a liquid inlet side of the ultrafiltration membrane and difficultly soluble compounds of Fe, Si in an original high-hardness water body so as to greatly reduce turbidity of the water, and obtaining safe and good-quality drinking water through a permeating solution of the ultrafiltration membrane. The method has the advantages as follows: an effect of quickly and efficiently removing hardness and turbidity of the underground water is obtained by organic combination of a lime method and an ultrafiltration membrane process, and good-quality qualified domestic drinking water is produced; and the method is high in water production efficiency, stable to implement and small in occupied area, and can greatly reduce investment and operation costs.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of feedwater field that is combined in of adopting lime method and ultra-filtration membrane combination process and remove the method for hardness in the underground water; Lime method can effectively be removed the temporary hardness in the underground water; Ultra-filtration membrane can effectively filter the turbidity that the reaction of hardness in lime and water back generates, and the application of the organic assembling of two kinds of technologies in giving water treatment field will become and have one of water technology of vitality future.
Background technology
At present, reduce the method that hardness is used always in the water IX, electrodialysis, r-o-and medicament tenderizer are arranged.And all there are shortcoming such as involve great expense, working cost is high, producing water ratio is low in IX, electrodialysis and reverse osmosis method.And lime is medicament the most frequently used in the medicament tenderizer, characteristics be simple to operate, cost is lower.Hardness in the underground water of Beijing area mainly is carbonate hardness at present, i.e. " temporary hardness ", and " temporary hardness " has effect preferably to lime method in the underground water to removing.
In the water treatment procedure of routine, filter and generally to be meant with suspended impurity in the granular filter material layer trap water such as silica sand, simple, the most the most frequently used a kind of separation method that the material less than hole is passed through makes water obtain clarifying technological process.At present, domestic water factory generally uses the filter tank as the final step technology of removing turbidity in the water body.And conventional filtration such as sand filtration, is more coarse filter method, and the particle hole does not wait to several millimeters from a few tenths of a mm, can only filter macroscopic macrobead basically.And look like about 0.01 micron pollutent, and beyond the material, also have the dissolved organic matter of relative molecular weight more than 1000-300000 like suspended substance, bacterium, algae, two worms etc., for example part macromolecule organic such as protein etc. all can not be removed.In addition, when using filter, having the filter tank once in a while can be by penetration phenomenon (the instantaneous increase of pressure suddenly; Cause that the dregs in the filtrate aperture is extruded by water body in the filter tank; Cause the muddy suddenly phenomenon of water body) take place, so that the instantaneous increase of delivery turbidity, cause serious consequence.
Summary of the invention
To above-mentioned defective; The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of lime ultrafiltration combination to remove the method for ground water hardness, substitute the existing conventional production process that goes hardness, removes turbidity, the combination process and the technology of hardness and turbidity in the employing removal underground water; Making tradition remove technology combines with novel filtering technique; Bring into play the two advantage separately, reach the desired result of rapidly and efficiently removing ground water hardness, produce the qualified Drinking Water of high-quality.Above-mentioned technological method can significantly reduce softening investment and the running cost of handling of ground water hardness, improves the comprehensive benefit of underground water factory, for underground water factory transforms technical support is provided, its economic benefit and obvious social benefit, and market outlook are wide.
The objective of the invention is to realize by following technical scheme; It may further comprise the steps: high firmness underground water is promoted through pump get into reaction tank; When getting into reaction tank, in reaction tank, add lime powder (calcium hydroxide), and fully stir, and guarantee the enough reaction times through the medicament throwing device; To guarantee that lime powder (calcium hydroxide) medicament and underground water carry out sufficient chemical reaction, generate the CaCO that is insoluble in water
3, Mg (OH)
2The turbid liquid of flco; The turbid liquid of flco flow to the ultrafiltration membrane cisterna again, through the ultra-filtration membrane in this pond the turbid liquid of flco is filtered, and rapid subsidence is trapped in the CaCO of ultra-filtration membrane liquid feeding side
3, Mg (OH)
2Reach the Fe in the former high firmness water body, the insoluble compound of Si, the compound after the sedimentation gets into sludge sump, thereby reduces turbidity in the water significantly, and gets into water tank through the liquid that sees through of ultra-filtration membrane, then becomes safety, fine tap water after process is disinfected.
Ultra-filtration membrane in the said ultrafiltration membrane cisterna is a filtration medium, and many tiny filtering micropores gather on the ultra-filtration membrane surface.
The aperture of the filtering micropore on said ultra-filtration membrane surface is 0.001～0.02 micron.
Said ultra-filtration membrane is the PVC ultra-filtration membrane.
Said water storage tank water level can be lower than the bottom of ultra-filtration membrane, is in order to make the film both sides produce pressure difference (leaning on the syphonic effect of gravity) as motivating force, also can adopt pressure that the pump sucking-off produces as motivating force.
Add what of lime powder (calcium hydroxide) amount in the said reaction tank, need confirm according to water quality situation, reaction times and the water yield.Generally speaking, in total hardness (with CaCO
3Meter) 540-700mg/L, total alkalinity are (with CaCO
3Meter) in the underground water of 340-430mg/L, adds 350-425mg/L Ca (OH)
2The medicament powder that is: adds 350-425 milligram lime powder (Ca (OH) in every liter of underground water
2), may command output water body total hardness is (with CaCO
3Meter) arrives below the 380mg/L, meet national drinking water sanitary standard (450mg/L).
Said high firmness underground water and best about 10 minutes of the reaction times of lime powder (calcium hydroxide) in reaction tank that adds; Be advisable in 8～12 minutes; Can not lack very much and not so react insufficient, can not be oversize, the oversize residence time that promptly prolongs water of time; Increase the volume of structures, increased the cost cost of installations and facilities.
Method and principle:
In order to remove the temporary hardness in the water body, make the HCO in the water
3 -Ion is converted into CO
3 2-Ion, lime provide required OH
-Ion, the essence that adds lime are in order to produce superfluous CO
3 2-Ion, make it with water in Ca
2+, Mg
2+Ion generates deposition and separates out.Its reaction equation is following:
Ca(HCO
3)
2+Ca(OH)
2→2CaCO
3↓+2H
2O ①
Mg(HCO
3)
2+Ca(OH)
2→CaCO
3↓+MgCO
3↓+2H
2O ②
MgCO
3↓+Ca(OH)
2→CaCO
3↓+Mg(OH)
2↓ ③
Because the MgCO that reaction generates
3, its solubleness is higher, also needs and Ca (OH) again
2Carry out the reaction of second step, generate the very little Mg (OH) of solubleness
2, 2. 3. total reaction is:
Mg(HCO
3)
2+2Ca(OH)
2→2CaCO
3↓+Mg(OH)
2↓+2H
2O ④
Therefore, lime method can reach removal effect preferably for carbonate hardness and basicity, this method be medicament softening in method the most commonly used, simple to operate, cost is lower.
Ultrafiltrationmembrane process reduces turbidity in the water; Main work principle of filter is that the pressure difference with the film both sides is motivating force (leans on the syphonic effect of gravity or with the pressure of pump sucking-off generation); With the ultra-filtration membrane is filtration medium, under certain pressure, when the turbid flow of flco is crossed the film surface; The many tiny micropore that gathers in the ultra-filtration membrane surface only allows water and small-molecule substance through becoming through liquid; Volume then is trapped within the liquid feeding side of film greater than the material in film surface micro aperture in the turbid liquid of flco, becomes liquid concentrator, thereby realizes purification, separation and spissated purpose to the turbid liquid of flco.Its aperture only allows beneficial mineral matter and the trace element in water molecules, the water to pass through; And the volume of smallest bacteria is all more than 0.02 micron; Therefore bacterium and the colloid more much bigger than bacterium volume, iron rust, suspended substance, silt, larger molecular organics etc. can both be retained down by ultra-filtration membrane, thereby have realized scavenging process.
Volume then is trapped within the liquid feeding side of film greater than the material in film surface micro aperture in the turbid liquid of flco, becomes liquid concentrator.Be that film silk surface has formed dirt, so need regularly film silk surface dirt to be cleaned.Equipment operation one-period (60min), equipment carries out an air-water backwashing (45s) to the film silk automatically.Like the long-time continuous operation, except carrying out above-mentioned daily air-water backwashing, also to regularly carry out maintainability cleaning and chemical cleaning to the film silk.Maintainability cleans: adopt 100ppm concentration hydrochloric acid, the cleaning interval is 48 hours, is 30min to film silk soak time.Chemical is cleaned: the cleaning interval is about 6 months, is divided into alkali cleaning and pickling, and sodium hydroxide and Youxiaolin are adopted in alkali cleaning, and hydrochloric acid or Hydrocerol A (its concentration and soak time will be decided according to the pollution condition of film silk) are adopted in pickling.
Advantage of the present invention is:
1. add lime and remove hardness, effect is obvious, can remove the temporary hardness in the underground water effectively.
2. detect through chemical examination, ultra-filtration membrane all has removal to the PM for particulate matter in the water body, algae, virus and bacterium etc., and safe and effective.
3. used lime low price in the technology, the PVC ultra-filtration membrane is cheap than other PVDF ultra-filtration membrane on the market, and work-ing life is longer.Two kinds of technology combined process flow processs are lacked, are not needed a large amount of technology structures, and floor space is little, and investment cost is relatively low.
4. lime method and ultra-filtration membrane combined process level of automation height, and lime powder throwing device is that dry powder directly drops into reaction tank, is convenient to metering, is easy to management.
5. ultra-filtration process only adopts pressure as isolating power, therefore separate simple, flow process is short, current consumption is low, easy and simple to handle, be easy to control and safeguard.
6. than IX, electrodialysis, reverse osmosis process, this combination process producing water ratio is high, and working cost is low, and is stable.
7. adopt Ca (OH)
2Remove ground water hardness as softening medicament, can not introduce other ion that influences water-quality guideline and get into water body, avoided the subsequent treatment process that exceeds standard and caused because of other ion.
8. present method is satisfactory to the phreatic total hardness removal effect of high firmness, and its water quality each item index all meets national drinking water sanitary standard.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is described further.
Accompanying drawing is the process flow sheet that the method for ground water hardness is removed in lime ultrafiltration combination of the present invention.
Embodiment
The embodiment of the method for ground water hardness is removed in a kind of lime ultrafiltration combination of the present invention; This method may further comprise the steps: high firmness underground water is promoted through pump get into reaction tank; When getting into reaction tank, in reaction tank, add lime powder (calcium hydroxide), and fully stir, and guarantee the enough reaction times through the medicament throwing device; To guarantee that lime powder (calcium hydroxide) medicament and underground water carry out sufficient chemical reaction, generate the CaCO that is insoluble in water
3, Mg (OH)
2The turbid liquid of flco; The turbid liquid of flco flow to the ultrafiltration membrane cisterna again, through the ultra-filtration membrane in this pond the turbid liquid of flco is filtered, and rapid subsidence is trapped in the CaCO of ultra-filtration membrane liquid feeding side
3, Mg (OH)
2Reach the Fe in the former high firmness water body, the insoluble compound of Si, the compound after the sedimentation gets into sludge sump, thereby reduces turbidity in the water significantly, and gets into water tank through the liquid that sees through of ultra-filtration membrane, then becomes safety, fine tap water after process is disinfected.
In the present embodiment, said water storage tank water level is lower than the bottom of ultra-filtration membrane, is in order to make the film both sides produce pressure difference (leaning on the syphonic effect of gravity) as motivating force.
Ultra-filtration membrane in the said ultrafiltration membrane cisterna is a filtration medium, and many tiny filtering micropores gather on the ultra-filtration membrane surface.
In the present embodiment, the aperture of the filtering micropore on said ultra-filtration membrane surface is 0.01 micron.
Said ultra-filtration membrane is the PVC ultra-filtration membrane.In the present embodiment, ultra-filtration membrane is the PVC alloy ultrafiltration membrane.Concrete technical parameter sees the following form.
The technical parameter of external pressure hyperfiltration membrane assembly LJ1E-2000-V160
Add what of lime powder amount in the said reaction tank, need confirm based on water quality situation, reaction time and the water yield.In the present embodiment, in total hardness (with CaCO
3Meter) 640mg/L, total alkalinity are (with CaCO
3Meter) in the underground water of 380mg/L, adds 400mg/L Ca (OH)
2Medicament powder, that is: minimum 400 milligrams of lime powders (Ca (OH) that adds in every liter of underground water
2).May command output water body total hardness is (with CaCO
3Meter) arrives below the 380mg/L, meet national drinking water sanitary standard (450mg/L).
Said high firmness underground water and best about 10 minutes of the reaction times of lime powder (calcium hydroxide) in reaction tank that adds can not be too short, get final product in 8 minutes, not so react insufficient; Can not be oversize, 12 minutes also can, the oversize residence time that promptly prolongs water of time, increased the volume of structures, increased the cost cost of installations and facilities, 10 minutes the bests.In the present embodiment, said high firmness underground water is 10 minutes with the reaction times of lime powder (calcium hydroxide) in reaction tank that adds.
Underground water after present method is handled, its water-quality guideline all meets national drinking water sanitary standard.Wherein the underground water in total hardness (in CaCO3) 640mg/L, total alkalinity (with CaCO3) 380mg/L is example, concrete water-quality guideline such as following table:
Handle underground water with present method, its current consumption and reagent consumption amount are all lower, so its working cost is also lower, and it compares the advantage that on running cost, has more with the nanofiltration facture, practices thrift cost more.Concrete data are Lie Gebiao as follows:
1, current consumption
Consumption of electric is mainly Ca (OH)
2Equipment such as powder throwing device, raw water pump, product water pump, air water backwash.
The technology power consumption in each cycle of table 1
The power consumption in each cycle when table 1 is the technology actual motion.Experimental stage weekly working time phase be 48 hours, the stable phase data of taking technique, then actual current consumption is the MV of these cycle total power consumptions, the art breading water yield is 8m
3During/h, technology current consumption is 0.25kwh/m
3
2, reagent consumption amount
The test run steady stage, need add 400mg/L Ca (OH)
2(total hardness is (with CaCO except that hard requirement can to satisfy test design
3Meter) below the 380mg/L).Phase (48 hours) adds 88% industrial Ca (OH) weekly
2174.45 kilogram, i.e. Ca (OH)
2Consumption be approximately 0.4553kg/m
3
In the process of the test,, take the film silk is carried out the method for regular maintenance property cleaning for the steady running of assurance device.The hydrochloric acid of use 31% cleans chemical reagent as maintainability in the technology, prevents ultra-filtration membrane film silk surface scale.(48 hours) add 4.5 liters of hydrochloric acid phase weekly, and promptly the consumption of hydrochloric acid is approximately 0.0137kg/m
3
3, working cost
Table 2 working cost
Can get the pilot scale working cost thus and be about 0.438 yuan/m
3(working cost comprises reagent consumption expense and electric quantity consumption expense).
4, economy relatively
Table 3 nanofiltration facture and lime ultrafiltration process working cost are relatively
| Project | The nanofiltration facture | The lime ultrafiltration process |
| Medicament expense is with (kg/m 3) | 0.770 | 0.250 |
| Power consumption expense (unit/degree) | 0.675 | 0.188 |
| Add up to (unit/m 3) | 1.445 | 0.438 |
Relatively going up of working cost, the lime ultrafiltration process has more advantage on running cost, practices thrift cost more.
Claims (7)
1. the method for removing ground water hardness is made up in a lime ultrafiltration; It is characterized in that: this method may further comprise the steps: high firmness underground water is promoted through pump get into reaction tank; When getting into reaction tank, in reaction tank, add lime powder, and fully stir, and guarantee the enough reaction times through the medicament throwing device; To guarantee that lime powder medicament and underground water carry out sufficient chemical reaction, generate the CaCO that is insoluble in water
3, Mg (OH)
2The turbid liquid of flco; The turbid liquid of flco flow to the ultrafiltration membrane cisterna again, through the ultra-filtration membrane in this pond the turbid liquid of flco is filtered, and rapid subsidence is trapped in the CaCO of ultra-filtration membrane liquid feeding side
3, Mg (OH)
2Reach the Fe in the former high firmness water body, the insoluble compound of Si, the compound after the sedimentation gets into sludge sump, thereby reduces turbidity in the water significantly, and gets into water tank through the liquid that sees through of ultra-filtration membrane, then becomes safety, fine tap water after process is disinfected.
2. the method for ground water hardness is removed in lime ultrafiltration combination as claimed in claim 1, and it is characterized in that: the ultra-filtration membrane in the said ultrafiltration membrane cisterna is a filtration medium, and many tiny filtering micropores gather on the ultra-filtration membrane surface.
3. the method for ground water hardness is removed in lime ultrafiltration combination as claimed in claim 2; It is characterized in that: the aperture of the filtering micropore on said ultra-filtration membrane surface is 0.001～0.02 micron.
4. remove the method for ground water hardness like each described lime ultrafiltration combination in the claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that: said ultra-filtration membrane is the PVC ultra-filtration membrane.
5. the method for ground water hardness is removed in lime ultrafiltration combination as claimed in claim 1, and it is characterized in that: said water storage tank water level is lower than the bottom of ultra-filtration membrane, is in order to make the film both sides produce pressure difference as motivating force.
6. the method for ground water hardness is removed in lime ultrafiltration combination as claimed in claim 1, and it is characterized in that: said high firmness underground water adds 350-425mg/L Ca (OH) when total hardness 540-700mg/L, total alkalinity 340-430mg/L
2The medicament powder, control output water body total hardness arrives below the 380mg/L.
7. the method for ground water hardness is removed in lime ultrafiltration combination as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: said high firmness underground water is 8～12 minutes with the reaction times of lime powder in reaction tank that adds.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210339720.1A CN102838235B (en) | 2012-09-14 | 2012-09-14 | Method for removing underground water hardness by combination of lime and ultrafiltration |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210339720.1A CN102838235B (en) | 2012-09-14 | 2012-09-14 | Method for removing underground water hardness by combination of lime and ultrafiltration |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102838235A true CN102838235A (en) | 2012-12-26 |
| CN102838235B CN102838235B (en) | 2014-10-15 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210339720.1A Expired - Fee Related CN102838235B (en) | 2012-09-14 | 2012-09-14 | Method for removing underground water hardness by combination of lime and ultrafiltration |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105731661A (en) * | 2014-12-10 | 2016-07-06 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Decalcifying agent and method for relieving scaling phenomenon in water |
| CN106731839A (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2017-05-31 | 北京市自来水集团有限责任公司第四水厂 | Ion film plating and forming method thereof and water filtering device |
| CN111302505A (en) * | 2020-02-25 | 2020-06-19 | 邢台润天环保科技有限公司 | Method and system for recycling calcium carbonate by reverse osmosis concentrated water regeneration |
| CN115637967A (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2023-01-24 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Treatment agent for oilfield produced liquid and application of treatment agent in oilfield development |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1041340A (en) * | 1988-09-29 | 1990-04-18 | 水利电力部西北电力工程承包公司 | The lime treatment deslagging of water utilizes Processes and apparatus again |
| CN101935106A (en) * | 2009-07-01 | 2011-01-05 | 新加坡美能材料科技有限公司 | Drinking water softener and softening method and equipment thereof |
-
2012
- 2012-09-14 CN CN201210339720.1A patent/CN102838235B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1041340A (en) * | 1988-09-29 | 1990-04-18 | 水利电力部西北电力工程承包公司 | The lime treatment deslagging of water utilizes Processes and apparatus again |
| CN101935106A (en) * | 2009-07-01 | 2011-01-05 | 新加坡美能材料科技有限公司 | Drinking water softener and softening method and equipment thereof |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105731661A (en) * | 2014-12-10 | 2016-07-06 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Decalcifying agent and method for relieving scaling phenomenon in water |
| CN106731839A (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2017-05-31 | 北京市自来水集团有限责任公司第四水厂 | Ion film plating and forming method thereof and water filtering device |
| CN106731839B (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2019-07-19 | 北京市自来水集团有限责任公司第四水厂 | Ion film plating and forming method thereof and water filtering device |
| CN111302505A (en) * | 2020-02-25 | 2020-06-19 | 邢台润天环保科技有限公司 | Method and system for recycling calcium carbonate by reverse osmosis concentrated water regeneration |
| CN115637967A (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2023-01-24 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Treatment agent for oilfield produced liquid and application of treatment agent in oilfield development |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102838235B (en) | 2014-10-15 |
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