CN102835234A - Grape multi-resistance rootstock hard branch grafting nutrition bag seedling raising method in arid desert areas - Google Patents
Grape multi-resistance rootstock hard branch grafting nutrition bag seedling raising method in arid desert areas Download PDFInfo
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- CN102835234A CN102835234A CN2012103046027A CN201210304602A CN102835234A CN 102835234 A CN102835234 A CN 102835234A CN 2012103046027 A CN2012103046027 A CN 2012103046027A CN 201210304602 A CN201210304602 A CN 201210304602A CN 102835234 A CN102835234 A CN 102835234A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention provides a grape multi-resistance rootstock hard branch grafting nutrition bag seedling raising method in arid desert areas. The grape multi-resistance rootstock hard branch grafting nutrition bag seedling raising method in the arid desert areas adopts rootstocks which are selected from 5BB and /or S 04, and adopts following steps of gathering of scions, selection of rootstocks, pavement of double layers of electric heating hotbeds, grafting of the rootstocks and the scions, placement of cuttages on the electric heating hotbeds, placement of the cuttages in nutrition bags, and management after cutting of the rootstocks. A plurality of selection tests of rootstock varieties come to a discovery that after rootstocks S04 and rootstocks 5BB are grafted with local cladus, nursery stocks are good in resistances, low in infection rate of diseases and insect pests, strong in saline-alkaline resistance, high in survival rate, and rather good in local adaptability. Greenhouses are further used for carrying out large-scale fast breeding of grape hard branch grafting seedlings, breeding stage is short, and grafting, breeding and planting of the seedlings can be achieved in the same year. The grape multi-resistance rootstock hard branch grafting nutrition bag seedling raising method in the arid desert areas is particularly suitable for arid and saline-alkaline desertification areas, simple and practical in technology, and easy to popularize.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to grape seedling growing process field, relate to the how anti-stock stiff wood grafting of a kind of dried drought and sand area grape nutritional bag method.
Background technology
In NORTHWEST CHINA drought desertization area, like area, Minqin, Gansu, the weather arid is short of rain; Dust storm is bigger, and the soil salinization and alkalization is high, but because this area's day and night temperature is big; Sunshine time is long, sand ground soil moisture conservation technology maturation, and away from the industrial area; Have natural nuisanceless working condition, being planted in recent years of commodity trees such as grape develops rapidly.Yet in this area's grape seedling raising process, major part is to introduce from the other places before the nursery stock, and seedling is the native country bad adaptability in the early stage, and survival rate is not high; Grow seedlings in this locality; Directly adopt the grape branch in local nursery to carry out electric seed bed heater and urge the root cuttage and seedling culture, the ground of growing seedlings of the nursery stock transplanting after taking root is owing to this area is windy spring; Soil salinity and alkalinity is big; Transplant back 10 days left and right sides nursery stocks and just show the withered phenomenon of blade, explain that native country nursery stock resistance is not good, it is alive to explain that also bareroot seedling is unfavorable for into.Therefore we can say to lack and a kind ofly be suitable for dried drought and sand area especially and the nursery stock resistance is good, breed fireballing grape grafting seedlings-growing method.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to the problem that exists to prior art, provide that a kind of nursery stock resistance is good, the speed of breeding is fast and be suitable for the how anti-stock stiff wood grafting of the grape nutritional bag method of dried drought and sand area.
For this reason, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
The how anti-stock stiff wood grafting of a kind of dried drought and sand area grape nutritional bag method adopts grafting method to grow seedlings, and the used stock variety of this method is selected from 5BB and ∕ or S04.
This method comprises the steps:
A. the collection of scion: select that kind is pure, plant strain growth is healthy and strong, no damage by disease and insect, length of internode is even, eye is full, the living then golden mean of the Confucian school branch of abundant maturation is the scion kind bar of growing seedlings;
B. the selection of stock: select that kind is pure, plant strain growth is healthy and strong, the high yield plant of no damage by disease and insect is as stock;
C. the laying of double-deck electric seed bed heater: one deck sawdust behind the 10cm is spread by elder generation, repaves the sand of 5～8cm, sets layer heating wire and tension on the sand bed upper berth; Repave the thick sand of 5cm, lay the upper strata heating wire then, repave the thick sand of 2cm at last, and in process of deployment, place the temperature-sensitive head of temperature controller respectively at two-layer heating wire place; With the sand bed shop evenly, water, switch on, test, wipe off for use;
D. the grafting of stock and scion: choose the stock suitable with the scion thickness; 5～8cm place is concordant more than selected stock base portion cuts off; Vertically cutting a dark 1.5cm at stock clip face middle part then is the stock otch for perpendicular mouthful; Insert the stock otch to the scion of cutting, bondage stock cutting part promptly gets the grafting nursery stock;
E. transplant a cutting and go to bed: the nursery stock that grafting is good is planted into electric seed bed heater, makes the grafting oral area position of nursery stock attach the upper strata heating wire, and the base portion of stock attaches lower floor's heating wire, waters immediately, makes sand bed evenly moistening; The hotbed levels is switched on simultaneously and is urged root, and hotbed upper strata heating wire temperature is controlled at 28～30 ℃, and lower floor's heating wire temperature is controlled at 22～24 ℃; Urge making the hotbed water content remain on 60～70% in the root process, greenhouse temperature is controlled at below 10 ℃, urges root after 15 days; If base portion 80% area of transplanting a cutting forms callus; And have rootlet system to occur, and can make greenhouse temperature rise to 10～15 ℃, promote terminal bud germination;
F. transplant a cutting to go up bag: be ready to nutritious bag and the compost of packing into, water permeablely, the nursery stock straight cutting that will take root is in nutritious bag central authorities, and the cuttage degree of depth is advisable with 5～8cm, outside the terminal bud that requires to transplant a cutting reveals; Spray 800 times of liquid of thiophanate methyl and 800～1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder of cloth 70% after the cuttage immediately;
G. manage after the cuttage: water spray, bud picking, fertilising in time, strengthen the extermination of disease and insect pest, when blade grows 4～6 leaves and sees young root, can build the garden field planting.
Wherein, the specific operation process of said step G is following:
1. temperature treatment: after the cuttage, indoor air temperature is remained on 25～28 ℃ daytime, remain on 10 ℃ night; After terminal bud germination was neat, indoor air temperature can be reduced to 20～25 ℃;
2. moisture management: after the cuttage, water water 1～2 day early stage 1 time, and 2～3 days later stages were watered water 1 time, keeps after the nursery stock rudiment ventilating;
3. bud picking: timely bud picking when spray reaches 2～3cm;
4. spray is fertile: when nursery stock grows to 2 leaves, with urea and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of sprayer to blade sprinkling 0.2%～0.3%;
5. the extermination of disease and insect pest: nursery stock long during to 2 leaves spray cloth bactericide mancozeb with ∕ or thiophanate methyl;
6. refining seedling: raise the screen for hothouse refining seedling that ventilates during to 2 leaves when nursery stock is long, and constantly change ventilating opening;
7. transplant planting: when blade grew 4～6 leaves and sees young root, the garden field planting was built in promptly extensible greenhouse.
Further, in the said step F, the used compost of nutritious bag is formulated in the ratio of 2:2:1 by fine earth, rough sand, fertilizer, and said fertilizer is sheep excrement or the chicken manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed.
Further, among the said step G, grape seedlings has native ball when transplanting.
Among the present invention, stock variety SO4 tree vigo(u)r is prosperous by force, and sublateral shoot growth potential is strong, and rudiment power is strong, and root is vigorous, and it is dark to bury, and vitality is strong, and strong stress resistance is drought-resistant, and moisture-proof is waterlogging strong, and cold resistance is strong, anti-calcareous soil, and anti-saline and alkaline power is strong, barren-resistant, soil is adapted to wide; The extremely anti-radicola of 5BB, anti-root-knot nematode, anti-virus ability is strong, and anti-calcium carbonate and wet resistance are good, well-grown in clay, cold-resistant, drought resisting, the cuttage root-taking rate is high, and is high with the kind graft survival rate, and variety and quality, precocity and the painted good effect of raising arranged.Test us through a large amount of selections of stock variety and find that after stock S04,5BB and the local cladus grafting, the nursery stock resistance is good, the damage by disease and insect infection rate is low, and the salt tolerant alkali ability is strong, and survival rate is high, and native country adaptability is very good.
The present invention utilizes the good grape variety of multiresistance stock grafting, utilizes the greenhouse to carry out scale fast breeding vine hard branch grafting again, obtains good effect.Concrete, beneficial effect of the present invention is: the nursery stock resistance is good, planting survival rate is high; Nursery stage is short, can accomplish grafting then, grows seedlings then, plant then; Be particularly suitable for arid, saline and alkaline desertification of land area; Technology is simple and practical, is easy to promote.
Embodiment
The how anti-stock stiff wood grafting of a kind of dried drought and sand area grape nutritional bag method comprises the steps:
A. the collection of scion: select that kind is pure, plant strain growth is healthy and strong, no damage by disease and insect, length of internode is even, eye is full, the living then golden mean of the Confucian school branch of abundant maturation is the scion kind bar of growing seedlings;
B. the selection of stock: select that kind is pure, plant strain growth is healthy and strong, the high yield plant of no damage by disease and insect is as stock, stock variety selection 5BB and ∕ or S04; Stock 5BB and S04 are available from the emerging imperial nursery stock garden spot in Qingdao of Shandong province Pingdu City Daze Mount town in the present embodiment.
C. the laying of double-deck electric seed bed heater: one deck sawdust behind the 10cm is spread by elder generation, repaves the sand of 5～8cm, sets layer heating wire and tension on the sand bed upper berth; Repave the thick sand of 5cm, lay the upper strata heating wire then, repave the thick sand of 2cm at last, and in process of deployment, place the temperature-sensitive head of temperature controller respectively at two-layer heating wire place; With the sand bed shop evenly, water, switch on, test, wipe off for use;
D. the grafting of stock and scion: choose the stock suitable with the scion thickness; 5～8cm place is concordant more than selected stock base portion cuts off; Vertically cutting a dark 1.5cm at stock clip face middle part then is the stock otch for perpendicular mouthful; Insert the stock otch to the scion of cutting, bondage stock cutting part promptly gets the grafting nursery stock;
E. transplant a cutting and go to bed: the nursery stock that grafting is good is planted into electric seed bed heater, makes the grafting oral area position of nursery stock attach the upper strata heating wire, and the base portion of stock attaches lower floor's heating wire, waters immediately, makes sand bed evenly moistening; The hotbed levels is switched on simultaneously and is urged root, and hotbed upper strata heating wire temperature is controlled at 28～30 ℃, and lower floor's heating wire temperature is controlled at 22～24 ℃; Urge making the hotbed water content remain on 60～70% in the root process, greenhouse temperature is controlled at below 10 ℃, urges root after 15 days; If base portion 80% area of transplanting a cutting forms callus; And have rootlet system to occur, and can make greenhouse temperature rise to 10～15 ℃, promote terminal bud germination;
F. transplant a cutting to go up bag: be ready to nutritious bag and water permeablely, the nutritious bag bottom has aperture, is beneficial to drainage ventilation, also can be used in the future young root and can stretch out that bag is outer to absorb a nutrition; The used compost of nutritious bag is formulated in the ratio of 2:2:1 by fine earth, rough sand, fertilizer, and said fertilizer is sheep excrement or the chicken manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed.The nursery stock straight cutting that to take root is in nutritious bag central authorities, and the cuttage degree of depth is advisable with 5-8cm, outside the terminal bud that requires to transplant a cutting reveals; Spray the 800 times of liquid of thiophanate methyl and the 50% carbendazol wettable powder 800-1000 times liquid of cloth 70% after the cuttage immediately;
G. manage after the cuttage:
1. temperature treatment: after the cuttage, indoor air temperature is remained on 25～28 ℃ daytime, remain on 10 ℃ night; After terminal bud germination was neat, indoor air temperature can be reduced to 20～25 ℃; Sunrise every day is drawn back roller shutter and is heated up, and in time covers roller shutter when temperature is reduced to 20 ℃ at dusk, closes the ventilating opening insulation;
2. moisture management: after the cuttage, water water 1～2 day early stage 1 time, and 2～3 days later stages were watered water 1 time, keeps after the nursery stock rudiment ventilating, and prevents that indoor humidity is excessive;
3. bud picking: timely bud picking when spray reaches 2～3cm, erase weak bud, lopsided bud etc.;
4. spray is fertile: nursery stock is long during to 2 leaves, in time replenishes fertilizer, sprays urea and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.2%-0.3% to blade with sprayer;
5. the extermination of disease and insect pest: the long spray cloth bactericide mancozeb during to 2 leaves of nursery stock is with ∕ or thiophanate methyl, prevention downy mildew, powdery mildew etc.;
6. refining seedling: raise the screen for hothouse refining seedling that ventilates during to 2 leaves when nursery stock is long, and constantly change ventilating opening, avoid ventilating at a place always.Through about 10 days refining seedling, can the canopy film all be opened, add forced ventilation refining seedling, make nursery stock adapt to external environment;
7. transplant planting: when blade grew 4～6 leaves and sees young root, the garden field planting was built in promptly extensible greenhouse, and grape seedlings has native ball when transplanting, and grape seedlings is not hindered root when being with native ball to transplant, and survival rate is high.
Among the present invention, after stock S04,5BB and the local cladus grafting, the nursery stock resistance is good, and the damage by disease and insect infection rate is low, and the salt tolerant alkali ability is strong, and survival rate is high, and is very good in the adaptability of dried drought and sand area.Below through own-rooted tree to local grape variety PINOT NOIR; Be scion with the PINOT NOIR, to reach with the adventive shellfish be the grafting of stock; And the inventive method provides multiple resistance and the graft compatibility index of two kinds of graftings (is scion with the PINOT NOIR) to compare (seeing table 1), with this multiresistance and the suitability advantage of seedling-cultivating method of the present invention at dried drought and sand area is described.
Different stock grafting resistances of grape and graft compatibility are relatively under the dried drought and sand area environment of table 1
Claims (5)
1. the how anti-stock stiff wood grafting of a dried drought and sand area grape nutritional bag method adopts grafting method to grow seedlings, and it is characterized in that used stock variety is selected from 5BB and ∕ or S04.
2. the how anti-stock stiff wood grafting of a kind of dried drought and sand area grape according to claim 1 nutritional bag method is characterized in that it comprises the steps:
A. the collection of scion: select that kind is pure, plant strain growth is healthy and strong, no damage by disease and insect, length of internode is even, eye is full, the living then golden mean of the Confucian school branch of abundant maturation is the scion kind bar of growing seedlings;
B. the selection of stock: select that kind is pure, plant strain growth is healthy and strong, the high yield plant of no damage by disease and insect is as stock;
C. the laying of double-deck electric seed bed heater: one deck sawdust behind the 10cm is spread by elder generation, repaves the sand of 5～8cm, sets layer heating wire and tension on the sand bed upper berth; Repave the thick sand of 5cm, lay the upper strata heating wire then, repave the thick sand of 2cm at last, and in process of deployment, place the temperature-sensitive head of temperature controller respectively at two-layer heating wire place; With the sand bed shop evenly, water, switch on, test, wipe off for use;
D. the grafting of stock and scion: choose the stock suitable with the scion thickness; 5～8cm place is concordant more than selected stock base portion cuts off; Vertically cutting a dark 1.5cm at stock clip face middle part then is the stock otch for perpendicular mouthful; Insert the stock otch to the scion of cutting, bondage stock cutting part promptly gets the grafting nursery stock;
E. transplant a cutting and go to bed: the nursery stock that grafting is good is planted into electric seed bed heater, makes the grafting oral area position of nursery stock attach the upper strata heating wire, and the base portion of stock attaches lower floor's heating wire, waters immediately, makes sand bed evenly moistening; The hotbed levels is switched on simultaneously and is urged root, and hotbed upper strata heating wire temperature is controlled at 28～30 ℃, and lower floor's heating wire temperature is controlled at 22～24 ℃; Urge making the hotbed water content remain on 60～70% in the root process, greenhouse temperature is controlled at below 10 ℃, urges root after 15 days; If base portion 80% area of transplanting a cutting forms callus; And have rootlet system to occur, and can make greenhouse temperature rise to 10～15 ℃, promote terminal bud germination;
F. transplant a cutting to go up bag: be ready to nutritious bag and the nutrition soil of packing into, water permeablely, the nursery stock straight cutting that will take root is in nutritious bag central authorities, and the cuttage degree of depth is advisable with 5～8cm, outside the terminal bud that requires to transplant a cutting reveals; Spray 800 times of liquid of thiophanate methyl and 800～1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder of cloth 70% after the cuttage immediately;
G. manage after the cuttage: water spray, bud picking, fertilising in time, strengthen the extermination of disease and insect pest, when blade grows 4～6 leaves and sees young root, can build the garden field planting.
3. the how anti-stock stiff wood grafting of a kind of dried drought and sand area grape according to claim 2 nutritional bag method is characterized in that the specific operation process of said step G is following:
1. temperature treatment: after the cuttage, indoor air temperature is remained on 25～28 ℃ daytime, remain on 10 ℃ night; After terminal bud germination was neat, indoor air temperature can be reduced to 20～25 ℃;
2. moisture management: after the cuttage, water water 1～2 day early stage 1 time, and 2～3 days later stages were watered water 1 time, keeps after the nursery stock rudiment ventilating;
3. bud picking: timely bud picking when spray reaches 2～3cm;
4. spray is fertile: when nursery stock grows to 2 leaves, with urea and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of sprayer to blade sprinkling 0.2%～0.3%;
5. the extermination of disease and insect pest: nursery stock long during to 2 leaves spray cloth bactericide mancozeb with ∕ or thiophanate methyl;
6. refining seedling: raise the screen for hothouse refining seedling that ventilates during to 2 leaves when nursery stock is long, and constantly change ventilating opening;
7. transplant planting: when blade grew 4～6 leaves and sees young root, the garden field planting was built in promptly extensible greenhouse.
4. according to claim 2 or the how anti-stock stiff wood grafting of 3 described a kind of dried drought and sand area grapes nutritional bag method; It is characterized in that; In the said step F; The used nutrition soil of nutritious bag is formulated in the ratio of 2:2:1 by fine earth, rough sand, fertilizer, and said fertilizer is sheep excrement or the chicken manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed.
5. the how anti-stock stiff wood grafting of a kind of dried drought and sand area grape according to claim 3 nutritional bag method is characterized in that, among the said step G, grape seedlings has native ball when transplanting.
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103598024A (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2014-02-26 | 郭锐 | Gobi grape field hard branch grafting method |
| CN103907455A (en) * | 2013-01-05 | 2014-07-09 | 赵百华 | Solar greenhouse cultivating method for Chinese wolfberry sprouts |
| CN104641997A (en) * | 2015-02-05 | 2015-05-27 | 江苏科技大学 | Hollow heating seedling cultivating box and application thereof |
| CN105580705A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-05-18 | 山东志昌农业科技发展有限公司 | Method for fast grape cutting root promoting |
| CN105794497A (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2016-07-27 | 李红红 | Olive grafting method |
| CN106386375A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2017-02-15 | 广西中天领御酒业有限公司 | Grafting cultivation method for vitis quinquangularis |
| CN106718623A (en) * | 2016-11-23 | 2017-05-31 | 甘肃省治沙研究所 | A kind of electric seed bed heater of Northwest arid district vine hard branch urges root method for culturing seedlings |
| CN106818221A (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2017-06-13 | 大同葡萄研究所 | A kind of grape nursery stock short-term training cultural method |
| CN106993510A (en) * | 2017-04-11 | 2017-08-01 | 武威市林业科学研究院 | A kind of vinifera batch production stiff wood grafting method for culturing seedlings |
| CN107087500A (en) * | 2017-04-17 | 2017-08-25 | 河北省农林科学院石家庄果树研究所 | A kind of high efficiency seedling cultivating method of pear sapling |
| CN108684347A (en) * | 2018-05-29 | 2018-10-23 | 大理白族自治州农业科学推广研究院 | A kind of grape cuttage grafting fast breeding technique |
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Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103907455A (en) * | 2013-01-05 | 2014-07-09 | 赵百华 | Solar greenhouse cultivating method for Chinese wolfberry sprouts |
| CN103598024A (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2014-02-26 | 郭锐 | Gobi grape field hard branch grafting method |
| CN105794497A (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2016-07-27 | 李红红 | Olive grafting method |
| CN105794497B (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2019-01-15 | 李延梅 | A kind of engrafting method of olive |
| CN104641997A (en) * | 2015-02-05 | 2015-05-27 | 江苏科技大学 | Hollow heating seedling cultivating box and application thereof |
| CN104641997B (en) * | 2015-02-05 | 2017-06-23 | 江苏科技大学 | The hollow nursery box of one kind heating and its application |
| CN106818221A (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2017-06-13 | 大同葡萄研究所 | A kind of grape nursery stock short-term training cultural method |
| CN106818221B (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2020-03-17 | 六安皖智知识产权运营有限公司 | Rapid culture method for grape seedlings |
| CN105580705B (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2018-05-11 | 山东志昌农业科技发展股份有限公司 | A kind of method that grape cutting quickly urges root |
| CN105580705A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-05-18 | 山东志昌农业科技发展有限公司 | Method for fast grape cutting root promoting |
| CN106386375A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2017-02-15 | 广西中天领御酒业有限公司 | Grafting cultivation method for vitis quinquangularis |
| CN106718623A (en) * | 2016-11-23 | 2017-05-31 | 甘肃省治沙研究所 | A kind of electric seed bed heater of Northwest arid district vine hard branch urges root method for culturing seedlings |
| CN106993510A (en) * | 2017-04-11 | 2017-08-01 | 武威市林业科学研究院 | A kind of vinifera batch production stiff wood grafting method for culturing seedlings |
| CN107087500A (en) * | 2017-04-17 | 2017-08-25 | 河北省农林科学院石家庄果树研究所 | A kind of high efficiency seedling cultivating method of pear sapling |
| CN108684347A (en) * | 2018-05-29 | 2018-10-23 | 大理白族自治州农业科学推广研究院 | A kind of grape cuttage grafting fast breeding technique |
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Application publication date: 20121226 |