CN102832604B - Over-current protection element - Google Patents

Over-current protection element Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102832604B
CN102832604B CN201110167096.7A CN201110167096A CN102832604B CN 102832604 B CN102832604 B CN 102832604B CN 201110167096 A CN201110167096 A CN 201110167096A CN 102832604 B CN102832604 B CN 102832604B
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China
Prior art keywords
electrode foil
over
conductive member
electrode
temperature
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CN201110167096.7A
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CN102832604A (en
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王绍裘
曾郡腾
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Polytronics Technology Corp
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Polytronics Technology Corp
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Abstract

The invention discloses an over-current protection element. The over-current protection element comprises a first conductive member, a second conductive member, a resistor element and a temperature detection switch, wherein the first conductive member comprises a first electrode foil and a second electrode foil on the same plane; the resistor element is stacked between the first conductive member and the second conductive member, and has the characteristic of a positive or negative temperature coefficient; the temperature detection switch is used for switching an electric conduction or current limiting state between the first electrode foil and the second electrode foil according to the temperature change; and critical temperature of the temperature detection switch is lower than triggering temperature of the resistor element.

Description

Over-current protecting element
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of passive device, and in particular to a kind of over-current protecting element.
Background technology
Thermistor is used to protective circuit, makes it avoid because of overheated or flow through overcurrent and damage.Thermistor generally includes two electrodes and is positioned at two interelectrode resistance materials.This resistance material is tool low-resistance value when room temperature, and when temperature rise to a critical temperature or circuit have overcurrent to produce time, its resistance value can jump more than thousands of times at once, suppresses overcurrent to pass through with this, to reach the object of circuit protection.
When the situation no longer including overcurrent after room temperature or on circuit falls back in temperature, thermistor can return back to low resistance state, and makes circuit normal running again.This kind of reusable advantage, makes thermistor replace fuse, and is more widely used on high density electronic circuit.
Triggering (trip) temperature of thermistor depends primarily on the kind of material; for the low-temperature working environment in response to such as battery needs; often can adopt the cryogenic material that trigger temperatures is lower, so that cause the maintenance electric current (hold current) of thermistor to decline.Especially in the application of battery, at a higher temperature (such as: 60 DEG C or 70 DEG C), still must to have quite high maintenance electric current, but must below 80 DEG C rapid triggering, if depend merely on the material of adjustment thermistor, be difficult to reach such function.Because high-temperature material (such as high density polyethylene) must be used to reach high maintenance electric current at 60-70 DEG C, if but use high-temperature material just can not reach the requirement of less than 80 DEG C rapid triggering.If but use cryogenic material (such as low density polyethylene) to be the requirement that can reach less than 80 DEG C rapid triggering, but cannot reach high maintenance electric current at 60-70 DEG C.Therefore, how to reach the defencive function that high maintenance electric current possesses again low temperature triggering simultaneously, become the problem that technology today is difficult to take into account.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of over-current protecting element, its characteristic that simultaneously can possess high maintenance electric current also can possess the function of low temperature trigger protection.
The over-current protecting element of one embodiment of the invention comprises: the first conductive member, the second conductive member, resistive element and temperature detect switch.First conductive member comprises the first electrode foil at grade and the second electrode foil.Resistive element is stacked between this first conductive member and the second conductive member, and has the characteristic of positive temperature or negative temperature coefficient.Temperature detect switch can according to variations in temperature, and switching between this first electrode foil and the second electrode foil is electrically conducting or current limliting (such as open circuit) state, and this temperature switches electrically conducting or limited current state is called as critical temperature.The critical temperature of this temperature detect switch is lower than the trigger temperatures of this resistive element.
When this temperature detect switch is conducting; electric current flows through the conductive path that this first electrode foil and the second electrode foil, resistive element and the second conductive member are formed; when instantaneous overcurrent is by this conductive path; trigger this resistive element become high resistance state by low resistance state and reach the effect of overcurrent protection; after over-current condition is removed, this resistive element recovers again original low resistance state.
When the temperature of temperature detect switch exceedes its critical temperature, this temperature detect switch switches to limited current state, the conductive path that electric current transient flow is formed through this first electrode foil, resistive element and the second conductive member, and produce high heat and trigger this resistive element by low resistance state and become high resistance state, when temperature drops to lower than this critical temperature, this resistive element recovers again original low resistance state.
Over-current protecting element of the present invention utilizes the difference of electrode foil area, forms the conductive path with different resistance values.Thus, resistive element can use high-temperature material and possess the characteristic of high maintenance electric current, and possesses effect of low temperature triggering simultaneously, and then promotes voltage-resistent characteristic and the useful life of over-current protecting element.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Figure 1A is depicted as the three-dimensional structure diagram of the over-current protecting element of first embodiment of the invention.
Figure 1B is depicted as the floor map of the over-current protecting element of first embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 1 C is depicted as the circuit diagram of the over-current protecting element of first embodiment of the invention.
Figure 2 shows that the structural representation of the over-current protecting element of second embodiment of the invention.
Figure 3 shows that the structural representation of the over-current protecting element of third embodiment of the invention.
Figure 4 shows that the structural representation of the over-current protecting element of fourth embodiment of the invention.
Figure 5 shows that the structural representation of the over-current protecting element of fifth embodiment of the invention.
Wherein, description of reference numerals is as follows:
10,20,30,40,50: over-current protecting element
11,31,41: resistive element
12,32,42: the first conductive members
12a, 32a, 42a: the first electrode foil
12b, 32b, 42b: the second electrode foil
13,33,43: the second conductive members
14: conductive layer
15,35: insulating barrier
16,36,46: the first external electrodes
17,37,47: the second external electrodes
18,18 ': conducting connecting part
19,39,49: temperature detect switch
21: the first resistance
22: the second resistance
38: conductive pole
51: the first paillon foils
52: the second paillon foils
53: the three paillon foils.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1A, it is surface adhesion type element (SMD) to the three-dimensional structure diagram of the over-current protecting element 10 of first embodiment of the invention.Figure 1B is the floor map of over-current protecting element 10.Over-current protecting element 10 comprises resistive element 11, first conductive member 12, second conductive member 13, conductive layer 14, insulating barrier 15, first external electrode 16, second external electrode 17, conducting connecting part 18 and temperature detect switch 19.Resistive element 11 is for being stacked between the first conductive member 12 and the second conductive member 13.First external electrode 16 and the second external electrode 17 are located at the same side of the second conductive member 13, are also below element, as the interface of external power supply.Be electrically connected with conductive layer 14 between the second conductive member 13 and the second external electrode 17.First conductive member 12 comprises the first electrode foil 12a and the second electrode foil 12b, wherein isolates with groove 20 between electrode foil 12a and 12b, and wherein the first electrode foil 12a and the second electrode foil 12b at grade.In one embodiment, the area of the first electrode foil 12a is less than the area of the second electrode foil 12b.Insulating barrier 15 is located between the first external electrode 16 and the second electrode foil 13, carries out electrical isolation between.Conducting connecting part 18 is coated with the semicircle conductive through hole of conducting film for surface in the present embodiment, and it connects the first external electrode 16 and the first electrode foil 12a, for electrically conducting between the two.Temperature detect switch 19 is located at the surface of the first conductive member 12.Temperature detect switch 19 has a critical temperature, and this critical temperature is lower than the trigger temperatures of resistive element 11.In one embodiment, temperature detect switch 19 induced environment temperature and changing.When the temperature of temperature detect switch 19 is less than critical temperature, temperature detect switch 19 is conducting, and when temperature is more than or equal to critical temperature, temperature detect switch 19 will switch to limited current state (such as high resistance state or open circuit).In one embodiment, the metal spring leaf switch of temperature detect switch 19 for utilizing precision machinery technology to make, utilizes the principle of expanding with heat and contract with cold, reaches the function that switching over is conducting or open circuit.In another embodiment, temperature detect switch 19 is another thermistor element, but selects low temperature to trigger material, makes its trigger temperatures be low compared with the trigger temperatures of resistive element 11.Have low temperature and trigger the temperature detect switch 19 of material when triggering, the resistance of temperature detect switch 19 will bounce up, and significantly reduce and limit the electric current wherein flowed through, and reach " current limliting " state.Expansion, the extremity that open circuit is " current limliting ", does not allow electric current to flow through temperature detect switch 19 completely.
When temperature detect switch 19 is conducting state, in theory electric current by the first outer electrode 16 after conducting connecting part 18, resistive element 11 will be entered via the first electrode foil 12a and the second electrode foil 12b respectively, flow out via conductive layer 14 and the second external electrode 17 more afterwards.But by resistance formula: R=ρ × L/A (R is resistance, and ρ is resistance coefficient, and L is conductor length, and A is wire glass), the area flowed through when electric current is larger, and its resistance will be less.If the path of the first electrode foil 12a, resistive element 11 and the second conductive member 13 is set to the first conductive path, the area of the first electrode foil 12a is A1, and the second electrode foil 12b, resistive element 11 and the second conductive member 13 are set to the second conductive path, the area of the second electrode foil 12b is A2, wherein the area A 1 of the first electrode foil 12a accounts for the percentage of first conductive member 12 gross area (A1+A2) is from 5% to 75%, and preferred ratio is from 10% to 50%.The area of usual first electrode foil 12a is little compared with the second electrode foil 12b, therefore the resistance of the first conductive path will be greater than the resistance of the second conductive path.Therefore, when temperature detect switch 19 conducting, overall electrical resistance is at minimum state: R=ρ × L/ (A1+A2), and electric current is simultaneously by this first and second conductive path, therefore element has high maintenance electric current, also has high trigger current (Trip Current).When instantaneous overcurrent is by this first and second conductive path, triggering this resistive element 11 becomes high resistance state by low resistance state and reaches the effect of overcurrent protection.After over-current condition is removed, this resistive element 11 recovers original low resistance state.
When temperature reaches the critical temperature of temperature detect switch 19, temperature detect switch 19 will switch to limited current state, make electric current transient flow through the first electrode foil 12a, resistive element 11 and the second conductive member 13, also namely flow through the first conductive path that resistance is larger.Now, originally the electric current flowing through the second electrode foil 12b flows through the first electrode foil 12a by being forced to instantaneously, but because the resistance of the first conductive path flowing through the first electrode foil 12a is larger, resistance rises sharply to R=ρ × L/A1, electric current sharply will produce heat in the first conductive path, when heat lift temperature arrives the trigger temperatures of resistive element 11, this resistive element 11 of triggering is become high resistance state by low resistance state, therefore the first conductive path will become limited current state, namely block most electric current and flow through.When temperature drops to lower than its critical temperature, resistive element 11 recovers original low resistance state.
In other words; if resistive element 11 adopts the high-temperature material of higher trigger temperatures; and the critical temperature of temperature detect switch 19 is low compared with the trigger temperatures of resistive element 11; when temperature detect switch 19 conducting; the effect of over-current protecting element 10 as high-temperature material element and there is the characteristic of high maintenance electric current; and when temperature detect switch 19 switches to limited current state; because temperature sharply raises; by further trigger resistance element 11; quick increase resistance value and suppress electric current, and then the effect reaching the element protection that low temperature triggers.In the present embodiment, because of critical temperature (the such as 60-90 DEG C of temperature detect switch 19, be preferably 65-85 DEG C, the best is 70-80 DEG C) compared with the trigger temperatures (such as 90-160 DEG C) of resistive element 11 for low, therefore resistive element 11 can adopt high-temperature material but have effect that low temperature triggers.
Fig. 1 C is the circuit diagram of the over-current protecting element of first embodiment of the invention; wherein the first conductive path of the first electrode foil 12a, resistive element 11 and the second conductive member 13 comprises the first resistance 21, and the second conductive path of the second electrode foil 12b, resistive element 11 and the second conductive member 13 comprises the second resistance 22.In the present embodiment, when temperature does not reach before the critical temperature of temperature detect switch 19, the resistance value because of the first resistance 21 is greater than the resistance value of the second resistance 22, therefore most of electric current will flow through temperature detect switch 19 and the second resistance 22.When there being the overcurrent of moment by this first and second conductive path, resistance 21 and 22 reaches the effect of overcurrent protection by becoming high resistance state by low resistance state.When temperature exceedes the critical temperature of temperature detect switch 19, temperature detect switch 19 will switch to limited current state, force electric current transient flow through the first resistance 21, and then trigger resistance element 11.When temperature drops to lower than its critical temperature, resistive element 11 recovers original low resistance state.
Fig. 2 shows the structural representation of the over-current protecting element 20 of another embodiment of the present invention; its structure is roughly identical with the over-current protecting element 10 shown in Figure 1A-Fig. 1 C; only the conducting connecting part 18 ' set within being positioned at the semicircle conductive through hole of element ends is substituted (the present embodiment as conductive through holes), for being electrically connected the first external electrode 16 and the first electrode foil 12a.Thus, also effect identical with over-current protecting element 10 can be reached.
Fig. 3 shows the structural representation of the over-current protecting element of the SMD type formula of another embodiment of the present invention.Over-current protecting element 30 mainly comprises resistive element 31, first conductive member 32, second conductive member 33, first external electrode 36, second external electrode 37 and temperature detect switch 39.First conductive member 32 comprises the first electrode foil 32a and the second electrode foil 32b, and wherein the first electrode foil 32a and the second electrode foil 32b at grade.In one embodiment, the area of the first electrode foil 32a is less than the area of the second electrode foil 32b.Resistive element 31 is stacked between the first conductive member 32 and the second conductive member 33, and has the characteristic of positive temperature or negative temperature coefficient.The upper surface of the first electrode foil 32a and second this resistive element 31 of electrode foil 32b physical contact, the lower surface of second this resistive element 31 of conductive member 33 physical contact, with trench isolations between the first electrode foil 32a and the second electrode foil 32b.Be provided with insulating barrier 35 between first external electrode 36 and the second conductive member 33, and be also provided with insulating barrier 35, as the use of electrical isolation between the second external electrode 37 and the first conductive member 32.First external electrode 36 and the second external electrode 37 are located at two ends of over-current protecting element 30 respectively, the first external electrode 36 physical contact first electrode foil 32a, the second external electrode 37 physical contact second conductive member 33.First external electrode 36 is other is separately provided with electrode extension 36 ', and this electrode extension 36 ' can utilize conductive pole 38 or conductive hole to be electrically connected the second electrode foil 32b.Temperature detect switch 39 is utilized to carry out the switching of electrically conducting and limited current state between electrode extension 36 ' and the first external electrode 36.
When temperature does not reach the critical temperature of temperature detect switch 39, temperature detect switch 39 conducting connects the first external electrode 36 and electrode extension 36 '.Same because the first electrode foil 32a area is less than the relation of the second electrode foil 32b area, most of electric current will flow through the conductive path formed by the first external electrode 36, temperature detect switch 39, conductive extension 36 ', conductive pole 38, second electrode foil 32b, resistive element 31, second conductive member 33 and the second external electrode 37.When instantaneous overcurrent is by this conductive path, this resistive element 31 of triggering is become high resistance state by low resistance state and reaches the effect of overcurrent protection.After over-current condition is removed, this resistive element 31 recovers original low resistance state.
When temperature exceedes the critical temperature of temperature detect switch 39, temperature detect switch 39 is limited current state, force the conductive path that electric current transient flow is formed through the first external electrode 36, first electrode foil 32a, resistive element 31, second conductive member 33 and the second external electrode 37, and then trigger resistance element 31.When temperature drops to lower than its critical temperature, resistive element 31 recovers original low resistance state.
Fig. 4 shows the structural representation of the spindle-type over-current protecting element 40 of another embodiment of the present invention.Over-current protecting element 40 comprises resistive element 41, first conductive member 42, second conductive member 43, first external electrode 46, second external electrode 47 and temperature detect switch 49.First conductive member 42 comprises the first electrode foil 42a and the second electrode foil 42b, and wherein the first electrode foil 42a and the second electrode foil 42b at grade.In one embodiment, the area of the first electrode foil 42a is less than the area of the second electrode foil 42b.Resistive element 41 is stacked between the first conductive member 42 and the second conductive member 43, and has the characteristic of positive temperature or negative temperature coefficient.The upper surface of the first electrode foil 42a and second this resistive element 41 of electrode foil 42b physical contact, the lower surface of second this resistive element 41 of conductive member 43 physical contact, with trench isolations between this first electrode foil 42a and the second electrode foil 42b.
When temperature does not reach the critical temperature of temperature detect switch 49, temperature detect switch 49 conducting connects the first electrode foil 42a and the second electrode foil 42b.Because the first electrode foil 42a area is less than the relation of the second electrode foil 42b area, most of electric current will flow through the conductive path formed by the first external electrode 46, temperature detect switch 49, second electrode foil 42b, resistive element 41, second conductive member 43 and the second external electrode 47.When there being the overcurrent of moment by this conductive path, this resistive element 41 of triggering being become high resistance state by low resistance state and reaches the effect of overcurrent protection.After over-current condition is removed, this resistive element 41 recovers original low resistance state.
When temperature exceedes the critical temperature of temperature detect switch 49, temperature detect switch 49 will become limited current state, force the conductive path that electric current will flow through the first external electrode 46, first electrode foil 42a, resistive element 41, second conductive member 43 and the second external electrode 47 and formed, and then trigger resistance element 41.When temperature drops to lower than its critical temperature, resistive element 41 recovers original low resistance state.
With reference to Fig. 5; over-current protecting element 50 is the version of the over-current protecting element 10 shown in Fig. 1; wherein most of component is all identical with over-current protecting element 10; except the second electrode foil 12b is that the first paillon foil 51, second paillon foil 52 of being separated by groove and the 3rd paillon foil 53 are formed, and temperature detect switch 19 is all utilized to be connected to the first electrode foil 12a.If the summation of the first paillon foil 51, second paillon foil 52 and the 3rd paillon foil 53 area is equal to the second electrode foil 12b shown in Fig. 1, when temperature detect switch 19 conducting, by shunting principle, major part electric current flows through the first paillon foil 51, second paillon foil 52 and the 3rd paillon foil 53, forms conductive path more afterwards through resistive element 11, second conductive member 12.In fact namely this conductive path is equal to the second conductive path of aforementioned over-current protecting element 10, therefore can provide the effect be equal to the over-current protecting element 10 of Fig. 1.In fact, the first electrode foil 12a also may be divided into several pieces, as long as form the first identical conductive path of essence, can provide equivalent effect.
The area of the first electrode foil of the present invention is comprise the effective area of the first conductive member in the first conductive path, and the area of the second electrode foil then comprises the effective area of the first conductive member in the second conductive path.
Over-current protecting element of the present invention is when low temperature or normal condition use, and most of electric current will flow through the less conductive path of resistance.But temperature is when exceeding the critical temperature of temperature detect switch, temperature detect switch will form limited current state, force electric current transient flow through the larger conductive path of resistance, and then trigger resistance element, and reach the object preventing overcurrent.Expansion, over-current protecting element of the present invention utilizes the difference of electrode foil area, forms the conductive path with different resistance values.Thus, resistive element can use high-temperature material and possess the characteristic of high maintenance electric current, and separately has effect of low temperature triggering.
The above, be only the detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention and graphic, only feature of the present invention is not limited thereto, all scopes of the present invention should be as the criterion with following claim, all embodiments of closing spirit change similar with it in the present patent application the scope of the claims, all should be included in category of the present invention, anyly be familiar with this operator in the field of the invention, can carry out easily changing or modify the scope of the claims that all can be encompassed in following this case.

Claims (17)

1. an over-current protecting element, is characterized in that, comprising:
One first conductive member, comprises the first electrode foil and the second electrode foil, and wherein the first electrode foil and the second electrode foil are at grade;
One second conductive member;
One resistive element, is stacked between this first conductive member and the second conductive member, and has the characteristic of positive temperature or negative temperature coefficient; And
One temperature detect switch is different component with resistive element, and this temperature detect switch is according to variations in temperature, and switching between this first electrode foil and the second electrode foil is electrically conducting or limited current state;
Wherein this first and second conductive member directly contacts two relative surfaces of this resistive element respectively;
Wherein the critical temperature of this temperature detect switch is lower than the trigger temperatures of this resistive element;
Wherein when this temperature detect switch is conducting, electric current flows through the conductive path that this first electrode foil and the second electrode foil, resistive element and the second conductive member are formed, when instantaneous overcurrent is by this conductive path, trigger this resistive element become high resistance state by low resistance state and reach the effect of overcurrent protection, after over-current condition is removed, this resistive element recovers original low resistance state;
When the temperature of temperature detect switch exceedes its critical temperature, this temperature detect switch switches to limited current state, the conductive path that electric current transient flow is formed through this first electrode foil, resistive element and the second conductive member, and produce high heat and trigger this resistive element by low resistance state and become high resistance state, when temperature drops to lower than its critical temperature, this resistive element recovers original low resistance state.
2. over-current protecting element according to claim 1, is characterized in that, this critical temperature is between 60-90 DEG C.
3. over-current protecting element according to claim 1, is characterized in that, this critical temperature is between 65-85 DEG C.
4. over-current protecting element according to claim 1, is characterized in that, this trigger temperatures is between 90-160 DEG C.
5. over-current protecting element according to claim 1; it is characterized in that; this first electrode foil, resistive element and the second conductive member form the first conductive path; this second electrode foil, resistive element and the second conductive member form the second conductive path; the area of this first electrode foil comprises the effective area of the first conductive member in the first conductive path, and the area of the second electrode foil comprises the effective area of the first conductive member in the second conductive path.
6. over-current protecting element according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the area that the area of this first electrode foil accounts for the first conductive member is 5% to 75%.
7. over-current protecting element according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the area that the area of this first electrode foil accounts for the first conductive member is 10% to 50%.
8. over-current protecting element according to claim 1; it is characterized in that; the upper surface of this first electrode foil and second this resistive element of electrode foil physical contact, the lower surface of second this resistive element of conductive member physical contact, with trench isolations between this first electrode foil and the second electrode foil.
9. over-current protecting element according to claim 1, is characterized in that, this temperature detect switch is located at the surface of this first conductive member.
10. over-current protecting element according to claim 1, is characterized in that, this over-current protecting element is surface adhesion type element or spindle-type element.
11. over-current protecting elements according to claim 1; it is characterized in that; also comprise one first external electrode and one second external electrode, wherein this first external electrode is electrically connected this first electrode foil, and this second external electrode is electrically connected this second conductive member.
12. over-current protecting elements according to claim 11, is characterized in that, also comprise a conducting connecting part, connect this first external electrode and the first electrode foil.
13. over-current protecting elements according to claim 11, is characterized in that, this first external electrode and the second external electrode are positioned at the same side of the second conductive member.
14. over-current protecting elements according to claim 11; it is characterized in that; also comprise an electrode extension; this electrode extension is electrically connected the second electrode foil; this first external electrode and the second external electrode are located at two ends of over-current protecting element respectively; this the first external electrode physical contact first electrode foil; second external electrode physical contact second conductive member, utilizes this temperature detect switch to carry out the switching of electrically conducting or limited current state between this electrode extension and this first external electrode.
15. over-current protecting elements according to claim 14, is characterized in that, are electrically connected between this electrode extension and the second electrode foil with conductive pole.
16. over-current protecting elements according to claim 14, is characterized in that, this temperature detect switch is located at this first external electrode and electrode extension surface.
17. over-current protecting elements according to claim 1, is characterized in that, this temperature detect switch is metal spring leaf switch or thermistor element switch.
CN201110167096.7A 2011-06-16 2011-06-16 Over-current protection element Expired - Fee Related CN102832604B (en)

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CN101000938A (en) * 2006-01-12 2007-07-18 聚鼎科技股份有限公司 LED device with temp. control function
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