CN102830218A - Rock-soil body shear zone microstructure change observation testing method under continuous loads - Google Patents
Rock-soil body shear zone microstructure change observation testing method under continuous loads Download PDFInfo
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- CN102830218A CN102830218A CN2012103288098A CN201210328809A CN102830218A CN 102830218 A CN102830218 A CN 102830218A CN 2012103288098 A CN2012103288098 A CN 2012103288098A CN 201210328809 A CN201210328809 A CN 201210328809A CN 102830218 A CN102830218 A CN 102830218A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rock-soil body shear zone microstructure change observation testing method under continuous loads. The method comprises the following steps of (1) selecting a sample with certain concavity and convexity on a surface, and selecting an observation region with characteristic region displacement field gradients serving as control indicators according to a displacement field computing method on a microscomic layer; (2) exerting the continuous loads and conducting rock-soil body microstructure images collection on the selected observation region in different strained conditions; (3) conducting fusion treatment on collected images; (4) conducting splice treatment on fused images enables area covered by spliced images to meet test observation requirements; (5) dividing the spliced images; and (6) conducting quantitative analysis on treated images. The rock-soil body shear zone microstructure change observation testing method can accurately pre-judge formed regions of a shear zone through calculation of relative strain fields, greatly decrease the observation region, greatly improve testing efficiency, and simultaneously improve accuracy of image quantitative analysis.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of testing in a kind of Geotechnical Engineering, be specifically related to a kind of test method that rock-soil material changes at continuous load effect down cut band microscopical structure of testing.
Background technology
In Geotechnical Engineering, the unstability of rock soil mass often since its internal shear band formation and development caused, have very big scientific research meaning and a practical significance so can propose a kind of test method of the formation and development Continuous Tracking research to shear zone.Shear zone is that the germinating from microfissure begins; This stage can't be studied it on macroscopic aspect at all; Can only analyze from the aspect of thin sight and microcosmic, the approach of at present the shear zone microscopical structure being analyzed and researched mainly is to accomplish through collection, processing, analysis to its microscopical structure image.Therefore; Level to the research of shear zone microscopical structure depends on observation technology and Flame Image Process level to a great extent; Wanting has more efficient, accurate, a deep research to the whole evolution of shear zone, must improve constantly observation method and image processing techniques.But, do not have a kind of test method position of anticipation shear zone accurately at present, there is not advanced image processing techniques can cooperate the accurate analysis of completion to the shear zone micro-structure characteristic yet.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: the present invention provides a kind of test method of testing rock soil mass its shear zone microscopical structure under continuous load in order to improve the research level to rock soil mass shear zone microscopical structure.
Technical scheme: rock soil mass shear zone microscopical structure changes the observation experiment method under the continuous load of the present invention; Mainly comprise observation method and image processing method; Can effectively carry out anticipation, and can study the shear zone micro-structure characteristic accurately through relevant image processing techniques to the position of shear zone.Specifically comprise the steps:
(1) choosing the sample that the surface has certain concavity and convexity, according to the displacement field computing method on the thin sight level, and is that controlling index is selected the observation area with characteristic area displacement field gradient; Specimen surface has certain concavity and convexity, under the illumination effect, can form speckle field naturally, like this according to the digital correlation principle, the arbitrarily distortion of any on the sample, can through test with this point be the center a fritter subregion move and distortion is tested
(2) apply continuous load, and under strain conditions, the collection of rock soil mass microscopical structure image is carried out in selected observation area;
(3), images acquired is carried out fusion treatment, to strengthen the quality of image based on theory of wavelet transformation; This fusion method is the multi-focus image fusing method based on wavelet field, can be good at solving the depth of field problem that is run in the rock soil mass microscopical structure IMAQ; Can be according to multi-focus image fusing method establishment image fusion software based on wavelet field, Fig. 3 is an example;
(4) utilization module matching technique is spliced processing to fused image, makes splicing back image institute region covered satisfy the requirement of test observation;
(5) cut apart splicing the back image;
(6) image of handling well is carried out quantitative analysis.
In the step (1), the selection of observation area is that basis is carried out the calculating of correlativity and displacement gradient field to the image that applies a small amount of load and first beginning and end load application, and displacement gradient changes maximum zone and is the observation area.
Need set up the relational expression between the coordinate of subregion distortion front and back.Calculate principle such as Fig. 1.
Wherein, A (x
0, y
0) central point of selected subregion before the some expression distortion, B (x, before y) expression is out of shape selected subregion more arbitrarily, A' (x
0', y
0') be illustrated in and be out of shape back A (x
0, y
0) point is in the residing position of target subregion, B ' (x ', y ') be illustrated in distortion back B (x, y) in the residing position of target subregion, u
a, v
aExpression A (x
0, y
0) displacement, u
b, v
bExpression B (x, displacement y), Δ x, Δ y representes A (x
0, y
0) and B (x, the distance between y) is at the component of directions X and Y direction.
Have following relational expression between as can be seen from Figure 1 several coordinate amounts:
x′
0＝x
0+u
a
y′
0＝y
0+v
b
Can know that by the continuity mechanics MEDIUM THEORY (x, displacement y) can be used its point of proximity A (x to B
0, y
0) displacement and incremental representation thereof, simultaneously owing to compare with entire image, selected subregion is very little, is uniform so its distortion can be supposed, i.e. the distortion of subregion can be by the displacement components u of its central point
a, v
aAnd its first order derivative
Expression, that is:
Then have:
Because B (x, y) be in the subregion more arbitrarily, so the in fact available following formula of the distortion of whole subregion arbitrfary point is represented Δ x=0 when representing the subregion central point, Δ y=0.
In the step (1), the displacement field computing method are to utilize Digital Image Correlation Method, and the correlativity of subregion before and after the distortion is calculated, and computing formula is:
In the formula: selected subregion or be called the intensity profile of sample subregion before f representes to be out of shape, the intensity profile that g representes to be out of shape the back subregion or is called the target subregion, < f>is the average gray value of sample subregion, < g>is the average gray value of target subregion.
In the step (1), the computing method of displacement field can be worked out the software for calculation of displacement gradient field, and this program is write with the VB.NET language.The selection of observation area is to gather unpressed BMP image and several groups of (general two to three groups) load-bearing images; Calculation procedure through the displacement gradient field carries out correlation operation; And then select displacement gradient and change maximum zone and be the observation area, Fig. 2 is an example.
In the step (2), under different strain regimes, IMAQ is carried out in the observation area, and when shear zone germinates the frequency acquisition of encrypted image.
In the step (4), the image mosaic technology is to be used for observation scope in the expanding test, to realize the observation of shear zone germinating, evolution.
Fused image is spliced processing, comprise the pre-service of image, the registration of image and three parts of fusion of image, wherein the image registration algorithm that is based on half-tone information of the method for registering of image employing; The matching algorithm based on module is selected in this invention for use; Its principle is from first width of cloth image, to choose the module of a m * n (m, n represent be the number of pixel) in the overlapping areas, and with clocklike matching in the overlapping region of this module in picture to be spliced, the image size of each coupling also is m * n then; And by selected registration formula calculation error value; When error amount hour, think that promptly the zone that matches this moment is the optimum matching zone, and then can confirm the size of overlapping region.When treating spliced image and carry out the match search of template, in order to save time, about the employing, about the direct search mode, see Fig. 4; The registration formula is selected the formula of normalized crosscorrelation for use:
In the formula, A (x, y) any pixel value of any in the representation template, B (x
1, y
1) expression treats in the lap of registering images and the zone of the identical size of the template pixel value of any arbitrarily, the horizontal ordinate of arbitrfary point in the x representation template, y representes the ordinate of arbitrfary point in the representation template, x
1Expression is treated in the lap of registering images and the zone of the identical size of the template abscissa value of any arbitrarily, y
1Expression is treated in the lap of registering images and the zone of the identical size of the template ordinate value of any arbitrarily, the length of m representation template x direction, the length of n representation template y direction.
As preferred version; In the step (4) for solve piece together the back overlapping region obvious problem of cracks is arranged; Promptly accomplish seamless piecing together; This invention is selected for use and based on the method for weighted mean in the half-tone information blending algorithm it is carried out image co-registration and handle, and its principle is two width of cloth to be intended carry out pixel corresponding in the spliced image overlapping region and multiply by flexible strategy separately earlier, then after the addition as the pixel value of fused images.If adopt h (x, the image after y) expression is merged, h
1(x
1, y
1), h
2(x
2, y
2) original two width of cloth images to be spliced of expression.Use α
1, α
2Represent weighted value, the image after merging so can be expressed as
α wherein
1+ α
2=1, and 0<α
1<1,0<α
2<1.In order to eliminate splicing seams, α
1Value adopt gradual change type, promptly the width d with the overlapping region is a standard, α
1=1 beginning, each pixel reduces 1/d, up to α
1=0.While α
2=0, progressively increase progressively, until α
2=1.
As preferred version, piece technology together according to image in the said step (4) and adopt VB.NET and MATLAB to combine to carry out writing of program, Fig. 5 is an example.
In the step (5); Image segmentation adopts is based on tone separated images dividing method, is used for reflecting the situation of change in shear zone crack, and its principle is the image that a width of cloth is made up of tightly adjacent gradual change color range originally; Adopt several unexpected color transitions to replace; Certain zone of handling on the image of back possibly only described by the limited tone progression of minority, can form histogram zonal arrangement clearly in the histogram, like Fig. 6.This dividing method can effectively realize from image, extracting the fine crack of rock soil mass.
In the step (5), color range has influence clearly to segmentation effect, confirms that through a series of test color range gets the proterties that 4 images after cutting apart can be good at reflecting crack in the original image, and Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 get an example of 4 o'clock for color range.
Beneficial effect: anticipation can be carried out to the position that shear zone occurs through the calculating of displacement field in (1), thereby has dwindled the observation area to a great extent, has improved test efficiency greatly; (2) solved depth of field problem through image fusion technology; (3) piece together through image and handle the observation scope enlarged single image, the developing characteristics of shear zone is had a more intuitive and accurate analysis; (5) handle through image segmentation crack and particle are separated, can be more accurately the characterisitic parameter of shear zone be extracted.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 calculates principle schematic for digital correlation;
Fig. 2 confirms observation area example synoptic diagram for utilizing displacement field calculating, explains: the interior zone for vertical displacement gradient maximum, zone that the circle in the gradient field pattern is included;
Fig. 3 is image before and after merging;
Fig. 4 is a block search mode synoptic diagram;
Fig. 5 is image before and after the splicing;
Fig. 6 axial strain amount is that the histogram and the tone of 2.09% microscopical structure image separates the back histogram;
Fig. 7 is the original image before cutting apart;
Fig. 8 gets the image after cutting apart at 4 o'clock for color range;
Fig. 9 is a test method process flow diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Be elaborated in the face of technical scheme of the present invention down, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to said embodiment.
Embodiment: rock soil mass shear zone microscopical structure changes the observation experiment method under the continuous load of the present invention, may further comprise the steps:
(1) utilizes the calculation procedure of displacement field, select the observation area.
Here describe according to Fig. 3, at first the soil sample of load application is not carried out IMAQ, obtain initial pictures.Load application is 0.15% to dependent variable then; Gather the set of diagrams picture; Continuing load application is 0,25% to dependent variable, gathers the set of diagrams picture again; Utilize the displacement field calculation procedure that two picture group pictures are carried out computing with initial pictures respectively, and select displacement graded in twice calculating to be maximum zone (the darkest zone of color) as the observation area.
(2) continue to load according to the loading step-length of setting, and after loading completion each time, IMAQ is carried out in the observation area.Several times loading step-length can be set at 0.3% wherein, and (peak value can be confirmed through the loading of second half sample) step-length can be reduced into 0.1% near peaking the time, and connecting fully up to shear zone is that soil sample is destroyed, the load test end.
(3) the array image to the same position collection carries out the image co-registration processing.With Fig. 4 is that example describes, and this position is because depth of field problem has been carried out three focusings altogether; Three width of cloth images have been gathered; Earlier first width of cloth and second width of cloth image are merged, image after will merging again and the 3rd width of cloth image merge, the picture rich in detail after promptly having obtained merging.
(4) piece the image after the diverse location fusion together processing.Piecing together and be divided into up and down and left and right sides both direction, piece together in proper order and can select arbitrarily, is example with Fig. 6; Utilize the image mosaic program that 1,2 two width of cloth images are pieced together up and down, obtain piecing together back image 21, simultaneously 3,4 two width of cloth images are also pieced together up and down; Obtain piecing together back image 43; Piece together about again 21 and 43 two width of cloth images being carried out at last, promptly accomplished and pieced processing together, obtained the image that a width of cloth comprises 1,2,3,4 four zone.
(5) image after piecing together being carried out image segmentation handles.With Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 is that example describes, and with image segmentation routine four width of cloth images is carried out dividing processing, and wherein color range is chosen to be 4.
(6) according to cutting apart image well the characteristic of shear zone is carried out quantitative analysis.
As stated, although represented and explained the present invention that with reference to specific preferred embodiment it shall not be construed as the restriction to the present invention self.Under the spirit and scope of the present invention prerequisite that does not break away from the accompanying claims definition, can make various variations in form with on the details to it.
Claims (6)
1. rock soil mass shear zone microscopical structure changes the observation experiment method under the continuous load, it is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) choosing the sample that the surface has certain concavity and convexity, according to the displacement field computing method on the thin sight level, and is that controlling index is selected the observation area with characteristic area displacement field gradient;
(2) apply continuous load, and under strain conditions, the collection of rock soil mass microscopical structure image is carried out in selected observation area;
(3), images acquired is carried out fusion treatment, to strengthen the quality of image based on theory of wavelet transformation;
(4) utilization module matching technique is spliced processing to fused image, makes splicing back image institute region covered satisfy the requirement of test observation;
(5) cut apart splicing the back image;
(6) image of handling well is carried out quantitative analysis.
2. rock soil mass shear zone microscopical structure changes the observation experiment method under the continuous load according to claim 1, it is characterized in that:
In the step (1), the selection of observation area is that basis is carried out the calculating of correlativity and displacement gradient field to the image that applies a small amount of load and first beginning and end load application, and displacement gradient changes maximum zone and is the observation area.
3. rock soil mass shear zone microscopical structure changes the observation experiment method under the continuous load according to claim 1, it is characterized in that:
In the step (1), the displacement field computing method are to utilize Digital Image Correlation Method, and the correlativity of subregion before and after the distortion is calculated, and computing formula is:
In the formula: selected subregion or be called the intensity profile of sample subregion before
expression distortion;
expression is out of shape the back subregion or is called the intensity profile of target subregion;
is the average gray value of sample subregion, and
is the average gray value of target subregion.
4. rock soil mass shear zone microscopical structure changes the observation experiment method under the continuous load according to claim 1, it is characterized in that:
In the step (2), under different strain regimes, IMAQ is carried out in the observation area, and when shear zone germinates the frequency acquisition of encrypted image.
5. rock soil mass shear zone microscopical structure changes the observation experiment method under the continuous load according to claim 1, it is characterized in that:
In the step (4), fused image is spliced processing, comprise the pre-service of image, the registration of image and three parts of fusion of image, wherein the image registration algorithm that is based on half-tone information of the method for registering of image employing; The matching way of image is the matching algorithm based on template, when treating spliced image and carry out the match search of template, adopts the direct search mode; Image interfusion method adopts method of weighted mean;
The registration formula is selected the formula of normalized crosscorrelation for use:
Normalized crosscorrelation formula=
In the formula; Any pixel value of any in
representation template;
expression is treated in the lap of registering images and the zone of the identical size of the template pixel value of any arbitrarily; The horizontal ordinate of arbitrfary point in
representation template; The ordinate of arbitrfary point in
expression representation template;
expression is treated in the lap of registering images and the zone of the identical size of the template abscissa value of any arbitrarily;
expression is treated in the lap of registering images and the zone of the identical size of the template ordinate value of any arbitrarily; The length of
representation template
direction, the length of
representation template
direction.
6. rock soil mass shear zone microscopical structure changes the observation experiment method under the continuous load according to claim 1, it is characterized in that:
In the step (5), image segmentation adopts is based on tone separated images dividing method.
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| CN107167089A (en) * | 2017-06-21 | 2017-09-15 | 苏州卡睿知光电科技有限公司 | The measuring method of deformation of body, apparatus and system under hot environment |
| CN108320304A (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2018-07-24 | 广州亿航智能技术有限公司 | A kind of automatic edit methods and system of unmanned plane video media |
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Application publication date: 20121219 |