CN102822494B - 带混合动力机动化装置的车辆的泄放阀门的诊断方法和设备 - Google Patents

带混合动力机动化装置的车辆的泄放阀门的诊断方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN102822494B
CN102822494B CN201180018753.XA CN201180018753A CN102822494B CN 102822494 B CN102822494 B CN 102822494B CN 201180018753 A CN201180018753 A CN 201180018753A CN 102822494 B CN102822494 B CN 102822494B
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T.科莱
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Vitesco Technologies GmbH
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种带混合动力机动化装置的车辆用的燃料蒸汽过滤器（3）的泄放阀门（4）的堵塞检测方法，其中所述带混合动力机动化装置的车辆包括至少一个内燃发动机（1）和一个电动机/发电机，所述方法包括在启动阶段或预停止阶段控制所述电动机驱动所述内燃发动机（1）以将所述内燃发动机（1）维持在恒定速度上的步骤，并在该将所述内燃发动机维持在恒定速度期间包括以下步骤的至少一个序列：打开所述泄放阀门（4）的步骤；测量所述电动机至少一个工作参数的步骤；比较所述泄放阀门（4）打开之前和之后所测量的参数的值并确定所述参数的变化是否大于预先确定的阈值的步骤。

Description

带混合动力机动化装置的车辆的泄放阀门的诊断方法和设备
技术领域
本发明涉及车辆机动化装置领域。更具体地，本发明涉及配置在设有汽油内燃发动机的车辆中的汽油蒸汽过滤器（英语为“canister”）回路的故障检测。
背景技术
自数年前起，尤其为了减少带汽油发动机的车辆所产生的污染并同时降低这些车辆的燃料消耗，这些车辆的燃料容器配有用于回收汽油蒸汽的设备，该设备将汽油蒸汽重新注入到发动机中。本领域的技术人员通常称为炭罐（英语为“canister”）的该设备布置在汽油容器的附近。该设备包括带炭的过滤器，该带炭的过滤器固定汽油蒸汽，特别是在发动机停止的时候。通过进气管道在发动机中注入蒸汽是由发动机的电子控制设备（英语为“Engine Control Unit”，简称ECU）来控制的，其中所述电子控制设备允许打开和关闭泄放阀门。
某些国家目前的标准要求能够检测车辆存在汽油蒸汽的泄漏。这牵涉到诊断所有可能的泄漏和所涉及的构件故障，特别是汽油蒸汽过滤器（canister）和泄放阀门。
现有技术中已知用于检测泄放阀门工作状况的方法，这些方法使用在车辆怠速时进行的测试。在这些方法中，在大约为10秒的时长内命令泄放阀门一系列的打开和关闭。如果阀门正常工作，则汽油蒸汽进入发动机中应该会导致多种工作参数（例如：混合物的丰度（richesse）、扭矩、发动机速度、进气压力等）的改变。因此，检测这些参数之一是否变化到超出预先确定的阈值，该变化验证蒸汽过滤器的泄放阀门良好运行，其中所述参数之一会取决于所考虑的车辆。这种方法例如在Siemens VDO Automotive的专利申请FR2 900 981中描述。
该技术明显地不适用于使用混合动力类型的机动化装置的车辆的情形，其中所述混合动力类型的机动化装置组合了内燃发动机（ICE）和电动机/发电机。实际上，这些混合动力发动机在低速时以电动模式运行，因此不具有允许根据上述原理来检验工作状况的发动机怠速速度。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的在于提出应对上述问题的设备。
本发明的另一个目的在于实施起来简单并且成本低。
为此，本发明涉及一种带有混合动力机动化装置的车辆用的汽油蒸汽过滤器的泄放阀门的堵塞检测方法，其中所述带有混合动力机动化装置的车辆包括至少一个内燃发动机和一个电动机/发电机。
该方法包括在启动阶段或预停止阶段控制电动机驱动内燃发动机以将所述内燃发动机维持在恒定速度上的步骤，并在所述将内燃发动机维持在恒定速度上期间包括以下步骤的至少一个序列：
改变泄放阀门状态的步骤；
测量电动机的至少一个工作参数的步骤；
比较泄放阀门状态改变之前和之后所测量的参数的值并确定所述参数的变化是否大于预先确定的阈值的步骤。
优选地，该方法包括上述步骤的重复，以获得有统计意义的测量值。
根据可能地一起使用的各种布置：
电动机/发电机的工作参数为扭矩值；
在将内燃发动机维持在非怠速的恒定速度上的控制步骤期间内燃发动机被控制为没有喷射。
在另一个方面，本发明涉及一种车辆内燃发动机用的汽油蒸汽过滤器的泄放阀门的堵塞检测设备，所述设备包括：
用于在启动阶段或预停止阶段通过电动机/发电机以非怠速的恒定速度驱动内燃发动机的装置；
用于测量电动机/发电机至少一个工作参数的装置；
用于比较泄放阀门状态改变之前和之后所测量的参数的值并确定所述参数的变化是否大于预先确定的阈值的装置。
优选地，用于测量电动机/发电机至少一个工作参数的装置包括电动机/发电机的扭矩传感器。
附图说明
阅读示例性地而非限制性地给出的特定实施例的描述和附图，本发明的目的和优点将变得更好理解。在所述附图中，图1示出了汽油蒸汽过滤器的泄放阀门在内燃发动机内的布置的示意图。
具体实施方式
在该示例中，本发明用于带有混合动力类型的机动化装置的陆用车辆（例如：机动车）中。
在图1中未示出的车辆包括内燃发动机1，该内燃发动机由包含在燃料容器2中的燃料来供给。内燃发动机1包括进气歧管5和燃料进入通道12，该燃料进入通道与燃料容器2连接。
为了收集从燃料容器2中出来的燃料蒸汽，该燃料容器与蒸汽过滤器3连接，该蒸汽过滤器借助于泄放阀门4与进气歧管5连接。泄放阀门4能够根据指令使蒸汽过滤器3与内燃发动机1的进气歧管5联通，以至少部分地回收包含在蒸汽过滤器3中的燃料蒸汽。
蒸汽过滤器3还借助于通风口和通风阀门7（英语为“Natural Vacuum Leak Detector”，简称NVLD）与空气进口6联通，其中所述通风口和通风阀门能够使蒸汽过滤器3与空气进口6联通。通风阀门7在蒸汽过滤器3中的压力超过某一阈值或低于某一阈值的时候打开。例如在泄放阀门4打开并且内燃发动机1工作的时候就是这种情况。由此在进气歧管5中产生的负压吸入包含在蒸汽过滤器3中的燃料蒸汽，并造成通风阀门7打开。因此，空气穿过蒸汽过滤器3，并在通到进气歧管5之前携带上燃料蒸汽。
通风阀门7还包括恒压器8，该恒压器能够根据蒸汽过滤器3中的负压水平来切换信号。恒压器8通过线路9向电子控制设备10输出其信号，该电子控制设备可以专用于该***或与车辆的其他部件（例如内燃发动机1）共用。电子控制设备10能够通过控制线路11来控制泄放阀门4的打开和关闭。
在该非限制性的实施例中，车辆为混合动力类型的，并且还包括电动机/发电机（未在图1中示出），该电动机/发电机能够驱动内燃发动机1。
该泄放阀门4的工作状况检测方法包括多个步骤。
在第一步骤中，电子控制设备10控制电动机/发电机，以在内燃发动机1的启动阶段或停止阶段在数秒的时长（通常为1至3秒）期间以恒定的速度来驱动所述内燃发动机1。
在没有向气缸中喷入燃料（因此没有燃烧）的情况下由电动机/发电机来驱动内燃发动机1。
在正常工作状况下，一旦在蒸汽过滤器3中达到某一燃料蒸汽压力，泄放阀门4就自动打开。该泄放阀门在压力降至预先确定的阈值以下时关闭。
在泄放阀门4发生这些状态改变时，电子控制设备10控制蝶阀门13，其中所述蝶阀门根据适于在理论上维持流入气缸中的流量恒定的控制规则（profil de commande）来控制进入空气的量。
在该使发动机速度稳定并控制泄放阀门4和蝶阀门13的阶段，电子控制设备10接收某些在电动机/发电机处测量的参数，例如输出的电功率和/或扭矩等。这些参数由本领域技术人员已知类型的设备来测量，并代表由内燃发动机输出的扭矩。
在一个实施变型中，电子控制设备10控制泄放阀门4的一个或多个打开和关闭循环，并记录所测量的参数。
可以理解，在内燃发动机1由电动机/发电机驱动的该模式中，内燃发动机1表现得像个压缩器。由电动机/发电机产生的用于使内燃发动机速度维持恒定的扭矩因此直接取决于在所述发动机中流动的所注入的空气质量。
因此存在两种情况：
1/ 要么，泄放阀门4堵塞（在打开或关闭位置上）。在该情况下，来自于汽油蒸汽过滤器的空气流量保持大致恒定，而电子控制设备10预期不恒定的流量，并修正气缸的进气，以维持恒定的整体流量。由于在内燃发动机中流动的空气流量不是恒定的，因此扭矩或电功率或所测量的其他任何代表电动机/发电机处的扭矩的参数不是恒定的。电子控制设备10因此记录随时间的变化大于预先确定的阈值的参数，这因此表征泄放阀门4的工作故障；
2/ 要么，泄放阀门4正常工作。在该情况下，气缸中的流量实际上是恒定的。电子控制设备10没有检测到所测量参数的明显变化。
可以理解，上述方法具有多个优点。
一方面，由于带混合动力机动化装置的车辆的电动机/发电机通常设有电动机扭矩传感器和/或用于测量输出电功率的传感器等装置，所以不需要专用传感器。
该方法允许检测泄放阀门4的故障，而不需要观察长时间的发动机怠速，这允许减少发动机在该时间内产生的污染。
工作状况检测可以在延长数秒的发动机停止阶段进行，这不妨碍行驶中的车辆的性能。
由于内燃发动机1由电动机/发电机来控制，因此可以获得特别稳定的运行点（气缸中流动的流量控制），这体现为泄放阀门4工作状况诊断的非常好的精确性，所测量的参数的变化性在泄放阀门4的故障影响以外是很小的。
本发明的范围不限于上述示例性的实施形式的细节，而是相反地包括本领域的技术人员力所能及的改变。
在一个实施变型中，内燃发动机1由电动机/发电机来驱动，同时维持喷射以减少向电动机/发电机所要求的力。但该方法大体不变。

Claims (6)

1.一种带有混合动力机动化装置的车辆用的汽油蒸汽过滤器（3）的泄放阀门（4）的堵塞检测方法，其中所述带有混合动力机动化装置的车辆包括至少一个内燃发动机（1）和一个电动机/发电机，
所述方法的特征在于，该方法包括在启动阶段或预停止阶段控制所述电动机/发电机驱动所述内燃发动机（1）以将所述内燃发动机（1）维持在恒定速度上的步骤，并在该将所述内燃发动机维持在恒定速度上期间包括以下步骤的至少一个序列：
改变所述泄放阀门（4）的状态的步骤；
测量所述电动机/发电机的至少一个工作参数的步骤；
比较所述泄放阀门（4）状态改变之前和之后所测量的参数的值并确定所述参数的变化是否大于预先确定的阈值的步骤。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括重复上述的所有步骤，以获得有统计意义的测量值。
3.如权利要求1至2中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述电动机/发电机的工作参数为代表扭矩的参数。
4.如权利要求1至2中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在将所述内燃发动机（1）维持在非怠速的恒定速度上的控制步骤期间，所述内燃发动机（1）被控制为没有喷射。
5.一种车辆内燃发动机（1）用的汽油蒸汽过滤器（3）的泄放阀门（4）的堵塞检测设备，其特征在于，所述设备包括：
用于在启动阶段或预停止阶段通过电动机/发电机以非怠速的恒定速度来驱动所述内燃发动机（1）的装置；
用于测量所述电动机/发电机（1）的至少一个工作参数的装置；
用于比较所述泄放阀门（4）状态改变之前和之后所测量的参数的值并确定所述参数的变化是否大于预先确定的阈值的装置。
6.如权利要求5所述的设备，其特征在于，所述用于测量所述电动机/发电机的至少一个工作参数的装置包括所述电动机/发电机的扭矩传感器。
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