CN102821626A - 控制释放薄荷醇的烟草珠粒 - Google Patents
控制释放薄荷醇的烟草珠粒 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102821626A CN102821626A CN2011800160289A CN201180016028A CN102821626A CN 102821626 A CN102821626 A CN 102821626A CN 2011800160289 A CN2011800160289 A CN 2011800160289A CN 201180016028 A CN201180016028 A CN 201180016028A CN 102821626 A CN102821626 A CN 102821626A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- tobacco
- tobacco beads
- beads
- sealing
- menthol
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
- A24B15/28—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
- A24B15/28—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances
- A24B15/281—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances the action of the chemical substances being delayed
- A24B15/283—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances the action of the chemical substances being delayed by encapsulation of the chemical substances
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
- A24B15/186—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by coating with a coating composition, encapsulation of tobacco particles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
- A24B15/28—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances
- A24B15/30—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances by organic substances
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)
- Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Micro-Capsules (AREA)
- Glanulating (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了包封的烟草珠粒和制造所述包封的烟草珠粒的方法。根据一个实施方案,制造包封的烟草珠粒的方法包括:在水溶液中混合烟草粒子与薄荷醇以形成湿物质;挤压所述湿物质以形成挤出物;使所述挤出物团成球以形成烟草珠粒;干燥所述烟草珠粒;使所述珠粒与包含阳离子的溶液接触;和将所述接触的烟草珠粒以有效诱发包覆材料围绕所述珠粒离子凝胶化的浓度引入包覆材料的溶液中,以形成具有凝胶包覆层的包封的烟草珠粒。根据另一实施方案,包封的烟草珠粒包括包含烟草粒子和包封的薄荷醇的核、包含羟丙基甲基纤维素或果胶的内包覆层和包含离子交联的凝胶的外包覆层。
Description
背景
本发明公开了具有改善的储存稳定性和食用香料的控制释放的包封的烟草珠粒。
概述
根据一个实施方案,包封的烟草珠粒包括包含烟草粒子和薄荷醇的核和包含离子交联的凝胶的外包覆层。优选地,包封的烟草珠粒还包括包含羟丙基甲基纤维素或果胶的内包覆层。优选所述核包含包封的薄荷醇。
根据另一实施方案,制造包封的烟草珠粒的方法包括:在水溶液中混合烟草粒子与薄荷醇以形成湿物质;挤压所述湿物质以形成挤出物;使所述挤出物团成球以形成烟草珠粒;干燥所述烟草珠粒;使所述珠粒与包含阳离子的溶液接触;和将所述接触的烟草珠粒以有效诱发包覆材料围绕所述珠粒离子凝胶化的浓度引入包覆材料的溶液中,以形成具有凝胶包覆层的包封的烟草珠粒。
在另一实施方案中,与包含阳离子的溶液的接触在流化床中与干燥烟草珠粒同时发生。
附图简述
现将参考在附图中说明的优选的实施方案更加详细地描述各种实施方案。
图1A和图1B为果胶包覆的含薄荷醇烟草珠粒的环境扫描电子显微术(ESEM)图像;
图2为显示羟丙基甲基纤维素(“HPMC”)包覆的含薄荷醇的烟草珠粒和果胶包覆的含薄荷醇的烟草珠粒在真空烘箱中作为时间的函数的重量损失的曲线图;
图3A和图3B为交联的海藻酸盐包覆的烟草珠粒(干法包覆)的ESEM图像;且
图4为HPMC/交联的海藻酸盐包覆的含薄荷醇的烟草珠粒的ESEM图像。
发明详述
一般来说,
本文使用的术语“约”在结合所陈述的数值或范围使用时指示稍微大于或稍微小于所陈述的值或范围,在所陈述值或范围的±10%范围内。
本文使用的术语“烟草材料”或“烟草”是用来包括烟草(例如,去筋烟叶、烟草粉等)和烟草替代品材料(例如,蔬菜或植物产品,如切碎的莴苣)两者。因此,在本文中提供烟草和烟草替代品材料两者。
如上所述的烟草材料可为烟草材料或烟草替代品材料。例示性烟草材料可由切碎或磨碎的烟草制成且可包含食用香料添加剂和/或润湿剂。可使用的合适类型的烟草材料的实例包括但不限于烤烟(flue-cured tobacco)、白肋烟(白肋烟)、马里兰烟草(Marylandtobacco)、东方烟草(Oriental tobacco)、稀有烟草、特产烟草、复原烟草、栽培的烟草、其共混物等。
所述烟草材料可以任何合适的形式提供,包括但不限于烟草叶片;加工的烟草材料,诸如体积膨胀或蓬松的烟草或磨碎的烟草;加工的烟草茎,诸如切割辊轧或切割蓬松的茎;复原烟草材料;其共混物等。也可使用烟草替代品或基因改性的烟草。
另外,如上所述,所述烟草材料可包括烟草替代品材料。例示性烟草替代品材料可由蔬菜或植物纤维等制成,且可包含食用香料添加剂、润湿剂或其组合。可使用的合适类型的烟草替代品材料的实例包括但不限于莴苣、棉、亚麻、纤维素纤维、其共混物等。
无烟烟草产品是指口感愉快的产品,包括但不限于袋装烟草(也称作湿鼻烟)。商业湿鼻烟袋的一个缺点是烟草材料以及烟草的添加剂可导致围绕烟草材料的袋材料染色。
根据一个实施方案,提供具有核-壳结构的烟草珠粒。这些烟草珠粒可提供以下一项或多项:(1)延长的储存期限和产品稳定性;(2)受控制的食用香料传送;(3)潜在降低的对烟草特有化合物的暴露;和(4)增强的感官特性。
这类烟草珠粒可提供上述特性,因为当将袋置于口腔中时,外部凝胶包覆层可提供食用香料的控制释放且可通过充当烟草特有化合物本身或键结到螯合剂的该烟草特有化合物的障壁而减少烟草特有化合物。
烟草珠粒可用于发烟制品中,如在共同让渡的美国专利申请公开案2007/0000505号中所述,该案以引用的方式并入本文中。
核
包封的烟草珠粒的核为包含烟草粒子和薄荷醇的球形珠粒。所述烟草粒子优选为细磨的烟草。所述薄荷醇可为常规薄荷醇或包封的薄荷醇。例如,含有80重量%的薄荷醇和20重量%的***胶的市售的包封的薄荷醇-胶粉末CR200(TasteTech,英国)为薄荷醇的优选形式。
任选包含其他食用香料。所述食用香料可为可溶性的或不溶于水或不溶于诸如乙醇或丙二醇的有机溶剂。食用香料也可被包封以便受控制的传送。合适的食用香料和香味料包括但不限于任何天然或合成的食用香料或香味料,诸如烟草、烟气、薄荷如胡椒薄荷和绿薄荷、朱古力(chocolate)、甘草、柑橘及其他水果食用香料、γ-辛内酯、香兰素、乙基香兰素、呼吸清凉剂食用香料、调味食用香料如肉桂、水杨酸甲酯、里哪醇、香柠檬油、香茅油、柠檬油和姜油。其他合适的食用香料和香味料可包括选自由以下组成的集合的食用香料化合物:酸、醇、酯、醛、酮、吡嗪、其组合或共混物等。合适的食用香料化合物例如可选自由以下组成的集合:苯基乙酸、茄酮、巨豆三烯酮、2-庚酮、苯甲醇、顺-乙酸3-己烯酯、戊酸、戊醛、酯、萜烯、倍半萜烯、诺卡酮、麦芽醇、大马烯酮、吡嗪、内酯、茴香脑、异戊酸、其组合等。
例示性额外的天然和人造食用香料包括胡椒薄荷、绿薄荷、冬青、肉桂、朱古力、香兰素、甘草、丁子香、大茴香、檀香、大竺葵、玫瑰油、香草、柠檬油、肉桂皮、绿薄荷、小茴香、姜、乙酸乙酯、乙酸异戊酯、异丁酸丙酯、丁酸异丁酯、丁酸乙酯、戊酸乙酯、甲酸苄酯、苧烯、百里香素、蒎烯、里哪醇、香叶醇、香茅醇、柠檬醛、洋薄荷油、橙油、芫荽油、冰片、水果提取物等。特别优选的额外食用香料和香味料剂为精油及咖啡、茶、可可粉和薄荷的香精。
在烟草珠粒核中的组分的以下百分数以组分在核和任选的内包覆层中的重量%列出,在干燥和/或用任选的内包覆层包覆之后且在用凝胶包覆层包封之前测量。
薄荷醇和任选的食用香料可以约0.001重量%-约50重量%的合并量存在于核烟草珠粒中。更优选所述量为约1重量%-约40重量%。最优选所述量为约10重量%-约30重量%。
所述烟草珠粒的核还可包含天然甜味剂、人工甜味剂和酸味剂中的一种或多种。优选的甜味剂包括水溶性甜味剂,诸如单糖、二糖和多糖(例如,木糖、核糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、果糖、葡萄糖、麦芽糖、甘露糖)。另外或作为甜味剂的供选,所述烟草珠粒可包含酸味剂,诸如乙酸、己二酸、柠檬酸、乳酸、顺丁烯二酸、丁二酸、酒石酸及其混合物。所述甜味剂和/或酸味剂的合适量可为约0.001重量%-约5重量%。更优选所述量为约0.1重量%-约2重量%。
润湿剂可加到烟草珠粒的核中以维持并保护在烟草珠粒中烟草材料的水分含量。在烟草珠粒的核中的润湿剂包括甘油和丙二醇。应注意到润湿剂也可出于防腐作用而提供,因为可降低产品的水活度,因此减少微生物生成。另外,润湿剂可用于在较干燥的烟草材料(或烟草替代品材料)或较干燥的无烟烟草材料中提供较潮湿的感觉。所述润湿剂可以约0.001重量%-约5重量%的量存在于核中。更优选所述量为约0.1重量%-约2重量%。
所述烟草珠粒的核还可包含粘合剂,诸如基于单糖或多糖的材料、改性的纤维素等。在所述核中粘合剂的合适量可为至高约20重量%且更优选所述量可为至高约10重量%。
淀粉和/或纤维素醚可作为增稠剂或粘合剂加到核中。诸如聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(其优选还充当螯合剂)和聚乙烯醇的聚合物和诸如黄原胶、***胶和刺槐树胶的胶可用作增稠剂。一般来说,通过增加所使用的聚合物的平均分子量可增加烟草珠粒的硬度且可降低溶解速率(即,在暴露于水分时的溶解)。增稠剂可加到烟草珠粒的核中以增加烟草珠粒的模量(即,硬度)并降低在干燥期间或在干燥之后(例如,在储存期间)烟草珠粒变形的倾向。增稠剂可占至高约20重量%且更优选至高约5重量%。
表面活性剂也可加到烟草珠粒的核中。所述表面活性剂包括但不限于脂肪酸的单甘油酯和脂肪酸的二甘油酯、乳酸酯、普卢兰尼克酸(pluronic acid)、聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酯、拉坦诺(latanol)和十二烷基硫酸钠。表面活性剂可以以至高约10重量%的量且更优选至高约2重量%的量存在于核中。
所述烟草珠粒的核还可包含稳定剂。例示性稳定剂有胶,诸如瓜耳胶、黄原胶、刺槐豆胶和角叉菜胶。稳定剂可以占所述烟草珠粒的最终组合物的至高10重量%的量且更优选以至高约2重量%的量存在于核中。
烟草珠粒还可包含抗氧化剂、防腐剂或其组合。例示性抗氧化剂包括抗坏血酸、维生素E和焦硫酸钠。例示性防腐剂包括乙酸、苯甲酸、柠檬酸、乳酸、苹果酸、山梨酸和酒石酸。在核中抗氧化剂和/或防腐剂的合适量可为至高约5重量%且更优选为至高约2重量%。
增塑剂也可加到烟草珠粒的核中。所述增塑剂可用于控制烟草珠粒的硬度以及由烟草珠粒制备的湿物质的粘度。例示性增塑剂包括单乙酸甘油酯、二乙酸甘油酯、三乙酸甘油酯、诸如聚乙二醇和丙二醇的二醇、诸如甘油和山梨糖醇的多元醇、矿物油、植物油、甘油和诸如三乙酸甘油酯的甘油酯。增塑剂以至高约20重量%的量且更优选以至高约5重量%的量存在于核中。
所述烟草珠粒的核任选包含一种或多种螯合剂,包括络合剂。它们为可键结核中的目标成分(例如,烟草特有的亚硝胺)并减少其到口腔的扩散或传输的试剂。合适的螯合剂包括但不限于聚乙烯基聚吡咯烷酮。在所述核中螯合剂的合适量可为至高约5重量%且更优选为至高约2重量%。
所述烟草珠粒的核还可包含用以控制烟草珠粒物理性质(例如,质地、重量等)的填充剂。例示性填充剂包括纤维素、氧化钛、硅酸镁(例如,滑石)、硅酸铝、碳酸镁、碳酸钙(例如,石灰石)、磷酸钙、硫酸钙、氧化锌、氧化铝及其混合物。填充剂可用以改进烟草珠粒的质地。诸如碳酸盐和磷酸盐的填充剂也可用以调节烟草珠粒的pH。根据一个优选的实施方案,烟草珠粒的pH大于5,更优选大于6(例如,大于6.5、7或7.5)。所述填充剂可以至高约50重量%的量并入核中。
所述烟草珠粒的核还可包含颜料。
包覆层
所述烟草珠粒核基本上由至少一个包覆层围绕。该包覆层优选通过使珠粒与阳离子接触且随后将珠粒引入包覆材料的溶液中以使得发生离子凝胶化、由此围绕烟草珠粒产生凝胶包覆层而施用到烟草珠粒上。结果得到具有核-壳结构的包封的烟草珠粒。该凝胶包覆层优选在与水接触时溶胀,且提供核的内含物的所希望的持续释放。
该凝胶包覆层可具有约2μm-约40μm的厚度。
在施用凝胶包覆层之前,该核可首先接受任选的内包覆层。
所述包覆层可包含食用香料、天然甜味剂、人工甜味剂、酸味剂、润湿剂、粘合剂、增稠剂、颜料、表面活性剂、稳定剂、氧清除剂、抗氧化剂、防腐剂等及其组合。这些添加剂在上文已经关于烟草颗粒的核描述。
该包覆层为通过离子凝胶化获得的交联聚合物。根据一个实施方案,合适的离子可选自由钠、钾、钙、铝、镧、镁和钡组成的集合。
根据一个实施方案,这种聚合物可选自海藻酸盐、果胶酸盐和角叉菜胶。基于包覆层的总重量计算,该聚合物可以至高约95重量%、更优选约0.5重量%-约85重量%且最优选约10重量%-约75重量%的量存在于包覆层中。
多个包覆层可包覆在核的表面上,以使得各包覆层为离散和/或熔合的。例如,包封的烟草珠粒还可包括至少第二包覆层,该第二包覆层与凝胶包覆层至少部分地熔合或者与凝胶包覆层离散。包覆在核表面上的多个包覆层中的任选的食用香料可相同或不同。
另外,包覆层(例如,外包覆层或最外面的包覆层)可设计成具有特定的孔隙率,这是控制在核中的组分经多孔外包覆层扩散的速率的基本方式之一。如果使用海藻酸盐来形成外包覆层,则外包覆层的孔隙率可通过调节海藻酸盐中的古罗糖醛酸单元与甘露糖醛酸单元的比率来控制。
海藻酸盐的交联密度可通过在海藻酸盐中的M:G(甘露糖醛酸:古罗糖醛酸)单元的比率来控制。所使用的溶液可优选基于海藻酸钠。当包封的烟草珠粒的核具有流体稠度时,优选具有高含量的甘露糖醛酸残基(甘露糖醛酸:古罗糖醛酸的比率大于1:1且优选为约1.5:1至约3:1)的海藻酸盐。相比之下,当包封的烟草珠粒的核具有凝胶稠度时,优选具有高含量的古罗糖醛酸残基(甘露糖醛酸:古罗糖醛酸的比率小于1:1且优选为约0.4:1至约0.6:1)的海藻酸盐。
制造烟草包封的烟草珠粒的方法
根据一个实施方案,制造包封的烟草珠粒的方法包括:在水溶液中混合烟草粒子与薄荷醇以形成湿物质;挤压所述湿物质以形成挤出物;使所述挤出物团成球以形成烟草珠粒;使所述珠粒与包含阳离子的溶液接触;和将所述接触的烟草珠粒以有效诱发包覆材料围绕所述珠粒离子凝胶化的浓度引入包覆材料的溶液中,以形成具有凝胶包覆层的包封的烟草珠粒。
所述方法还可包括巴氏灭菌步骤。或者或另外,所述方法还可包括干燥具有凝胶包覆层的包封的烟草珠粒。
所述包含阳离子的溶液优选包含水,任选包含醇(优选乙醇)和一种或多种阳离子。优选的阳离子选自由钠、钾、钙、铝、镧、镁和钡组成的集合。
所述包覆材料优选为选自海藻酸盐、果胶和角叉菜胶(例如,κ-角叉菜胶)的聚合材料。
在将接触的烟草珠粒引入包覆材料的溶液中之前,所述烟草珠粒可包含24重量%或更多的薄荷醇。
除了所述薄荷醇以外,所述烟草珠粒和所述包覆层中的一者或两者可包含以下各物中的一种或多种:(i)天然甜味剂、(ii)人工甜味剂、(iii)至少一种润湿剂、(iv)至少一种粘合剂、(v)至少一种增稠剂、(vi)至少一种颜料、(vii)至少一种表面活性剂、(viii)至少一种稳定剂、(ix)至少一种抗氧化剂、(x)至少一种防腐剂和(xi)至少一种食用香料。
例如,所述包覆材料的溶液可包含食用香料,所述食用香料并入凝胶包覆层中。所述食用香料可为以下一项或多项:(a)固体或液体;(b)可溶解于或不溶解于水或选自由乙醇、丙二醇及其混合物组成的集合的有机溶剂;(c)以包封形式加入;(d)选自由天然食用香料和合成食用香料组成的集合;和/或(e)选自由以下各物组成的集合:胡椒薄荷、绿薄荷、冬青、薄荷醇、肉桂、朱古力、香兰素、甘草、丁子香、大茴香、檀香、大竺葵、玫瑰油、香草、柠檬油、肉桂皮、绿薄荷、小茴香、姜、乙酸乙酯、乙酸异戊酯、异丁酸丙酯、丁酸异丁酯、丁酸乙酯、戊酸乙酯、甲酸苄酯、苧烯、百里香素、蒎烯、里哪醇、香叶醇、香茅醇、柠檬醛、洋薄荷油、橙油、芫荽油、冰片、水果提取物及其组合。
在所述包覆层中的食用香料与在所述核中的食用香料可相同或不同。
所述烟草珠粒可以包含以下各物中的一种或多种:(i)至少一种增塑剂、(ii)络合剂和/或螯合剂、(iii)至少一种填充剂和(iv)至少一种蛋白质。
与所述包含阳离子的溶液的接触可通过喷雾、浸没、浸渍、辊涂和/或流化床包覆来实现。
所述湿物质可在任何合适的混合器中制备。优选所述混合器为行星式混合器。另外,可将所述湿物质挤压穿过合适尺寸的穿孔筛且使用具有凹槽表面的旋转盘团成球。
该挤出可使用诸如螺杆、筛和篮、辊及冲压式挤出机的挤出机来进行。另外,团球可使用将挤出物粒子弄圆的旋转摩擦板来进行。挤出和团球技术的细节可在美国专利5,725,886号中见到,其全部内容以引用的方式并入本文中。
优选使用水来提供具有所要流变特性的湿物质。例如,可调节水含量以实现所要可塑性,例如,水含量可为20重量%-80重量%(优选40-60重量%)或液体与干燥材料的比率为约1:4至4:1。优选调节所述湿物质的液体含量以说明加入其中以便包含在烟草珠粒中的任何其他组分对湿物质的流变特性的影响。
所述烟草珠粒可以具有在约0.1mm-约2.5mm或约3mm、更优选约0.2mm-约1.2mm且最优选约0.4mm-约1.0mm(和在这些范围之间的任何0.1mm的值)的范围内的最大直径的“扁球体”或“椭圆形”形式制成。例如,用凝胶包覆层包封的烟草珠粒可为具有约0.1mm-约2.5mm的直径的大体球形。
在团成球形之后,将湿烟草珠粒优选在流化床或常规对流烘箱或真空烘箱中干燥。所述珠粒优选干燥到水分含量为约0.5%-约25%,例如10%或20%。
所述干燥可在所述方法的不同阶段、例如在与阳离子接触期间或之后且在引入包覆材料之前、在形成凝胶包覆层之后和/或在与阳离子接触之前进行不止一次。
在团成球形之后,使珠粒与包含阳离子的溶液接触。在一个实施方案中,所述阳离子经由在珠粒团成球形之后在流化床干燥器中直接喷雾来施用,优选同时干燥珠粒。优选在使珠粒与包含阳离子的溶液接触的时候,珠粒含有至少5重量%、至少10重量%、至少20重量%、至少30重量%或至少40重量%的水分。
凝胶包覆层优选大体围绕核且可由各种包覆材料形成。如果外包覆层为海藻酸盐或果胶酸盐类型,则烟草珠粒优选首先与氯化钙或其他合适二价阳离子的溶液接触。氯化钙为海藻酸盐和果胶酸盐的交联剂。如果对于外包覆层使用κ-角叉菜胶,则优选使用诸如钾的一价阳离子来诱发交联。
根据一个实施方案,所述外包覆层可通过将烟草珠粒引入海藻酸盐溶液中形成在通过上述方法获得的烟草珠粒上。Ca2+离子的存在引起围绕基于烟草的核形成球形包覆层。所述海藻酸盐溶液还可包含添加剂,诸如食用香料、颜料、粘合剂、pH稳定剂等,以使得在形成包覆层期间,这些添加剂被截留在海藻酸盐基质中。上文已经关于核描述了这些添加剂。
根据另一实施方案,用包覆材料包覆核可经由流化床包覆或盘式包覆方法来实现。
在一个实施方案中,在包覆层形成在核上之后,具有核-壳结构的珠粒产物可经受巴氏灭菌。在已经形成核-壳结构之后可将额外的食用香料加到具有核-壳结构的包封的烟草珠粒中。
在另一实施方案中,可将具有核-壳结构的珠粒干燥以允许流动性改善且填充容易。
所述包覆层可为半透明的或基本不透明的。
食用香料可分别与基于明胶的制剂或基于糖的制剂混合。含有粘合剂的食用香料也可与固体成分组合以形成基质型的包封产品。
内包覆层
所述包封的烟草珠粒任选可包括大体围绕核且在凝胶包覆层下面的内包覆层。
对于所述内包覆层,可使用如上所述的包覆材料。适合于内包覆层的其他包覆材料为***胶、KOLLICOAT IR(聚乙烯醇-聚乙二醇接枝共聚物)和羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)。如果所述内包覆层为HPMC,则优选所述阳离子溶液包含醇。
用内包覆层包覆核可经由流化床包覆或盘式包覆方法实现。如果使用流化床包覆,则优选用内包覆层包覆与干燥烟草珠粒同时发生。
烟草珠粒的各种用途
这些烟草珠粒可用于湿鼻烟型产品中且用于诸如香烟的发烟制品中。在一个实施方案中,当多个包覆层包覆在核上且核与包覆层具有不同的食用香料时,随着各包覆层溶解或燃烧,经一段时间提供给使用者多种香味体验。
“湿鼻烟”型产品可直接放置于使用者的口中且可提供:(1)食用香料从包覆层和内核到口的受控制的传送、(2)潜在降低的对于烟草特有化合物的暴露、(3)增强的感觉特性和(4)减少围绕烟草材料的袋材料的染色。此外,如本文所述的无烟烟草产品或“湿鼻烟”具有延长的储存期限和产品稳定性。
各自以引用的方式全部并入本文的美国公开案2007/0261707号和2007/0012328号提供可向其中并入本文描述的珠粒的无烟烟草产品的实例。
一个或多个根据本发明的包封的烟草珠粒可并入发烟制品的滤嘴中。例如,发烟制品可包括不含薄荷醇的烟草条和包含一个或多个根据本发明的烟草珠粒的滤嘴。
如在以引用的方式并入本文中的共同让渡的美国专利申请公开案2007/0000505号中所述,所述烟草珠粒也可作为食用香料载剂用于香烟中,其可加到香烟滤嘴中以便在滤嘴中受控制地传送食用香料。
当在香烟中使用时,所述烟草珠粒也可帮助选择性过滤,这归因于在烟草珠粒的外包覆层或核中并入了选择性粘合剂。
在一个实施方案中,含薄荷醇的发烟制品(诸如香烟)在烟草条中不含薄荷醇,而薄荷醇借助于在滤嘴中的一个或多个烟草珠粒中提供。这种配置简化了烟草加工且消除了诸如染色的通常与将薄荷醇直接施用到烟草条的烟草填料相关的问题。
另外,当将烟草珠粒用作发烟制品的烟草填料时,可实现在主流烟气中不想要的烟草特有化合物的形成减少。在不希望受理论限制的情况下,烟草特有化合物的形成减少可以这种方式实现:随着外包覆层热解,其形成不稳定的食用香料易于经其传输的烧焦材料层,但由烟草热解产生且趋于在颗粒相中分离的较重的化合物明显受约束以免释放。
实施例
在以下实施例中使用的材料概述如下。磨碎的烟草(HV-305、HV-304或LV 380)和合成的薄荷醇按原样使用。HPMC和***胶(得自***橡胶树)自Sigma-Aldrich(St.Louis,MO)获得。氯化钙自Fisher Scientific(Fair Lawn,FL)获得。IR(用于“即时释放”)聚乙烯醇-聚乙二醇接枝共聚物自BASF(Belvidere,NJ)获得。含有80重量%的薄荷醇和20重量%的***胶的市售的包封的薄荷醇-胶粉末CR200由TasteTech(英国)供应。食用色素自C.F.SauerCompany(Richmond,VA)获得。
实施例1
以下子实施例列举用于产生烟草珠粒的方法。形成的所得烟草珠粒准备用于进一步加工,例如如在以下实施例3中详述,所述加工包括与阳离子和包覆材料接触以形成凝胶包覆层。
子实施例A:将200份磨碎的烟草、75份薄荷醇-(***胶)粉末CR200(Tastetech,UK)和108份去离子水混合以形成湿物质。该湿物质使用单螺杆挤压机(LCI Multi-Granulator MG-55)以60rpm的挤出速度挤压穿过穹形0.7-mm开口式模。所得挤出物使用LCI QJ-230T球形造粒机以1400rpm的旋转速度团成球形历时6分钟。获得具有窄尺寸分布的湿扁球体。所得珠粒含有16重量%的薄荷醇。
子实施例B:首先将126份磨碎的烟草与178份去离子水混合。将该混合物在烘箱中加热且保持在50℃下。合成的薄荷醇在50℃下熔融。将162份熔融的薄荷醇与(烟草粉尘)/(去离子水)混合物混合以形成湿物质。该湿物质使用单螺杆挤压机(LCI Multi-Granulator MG-55)以60rpm的挤出速度挤压穿过穹形0.7-mm开口式模。所得挤出物使用LCI QJ-230T球形造粒机以1400rpm的旋转速度团成球形历时6分钟。获得具有窄尺寸分布的湿扁球体。随后将湿扁球体在流化床(MiniGlatt,German)中在室温下干燥1小时以除去水。所得珠粒含有50重量%的薄荷醇。
子实施例C:首先将126份磨碎的烟草与178份去离子水混合。将该混合物在烘箱中加热且保持在50℃下。合成的薄荷醇在50℃下熔融。将162份熔融的薄荷醇与(烟草粉尘)/(去离子水)混合物混合以形成湿物质。该湿物质使用单螺杆挤压机(LCI Multi-Granulator MG-55)以60rpm的挤出速度挤压穿过穹形0.7-mm开口式模。所得挤出物使用LCI QJ-230T球形造粒机以1400rpm的旋转速度团成球形历时6分钟。获得具有窄尺寸分布的湿扁球体。随后将湿扁球体在流化床包覆机(Mini Glatt,German)中在30℃下用5重量%羟丙基甲基纤维素水溶液包覆2小时。所得珠粒含有48重量%的薄荷醇。
子实施例D:首先将50份磨碎的烟草与18份去离子水混合。将该混合物在烘箱中加热且保持在50℃下。50份合成薄荷醇和10份可可脂的混合物在50℃下熔融。将(熔融的薄荷醇)/(可可脂)混合物与(磨碎的烟草)/(去离子水)混合物混合以形成湿物质。该湿物质使用单螺杆挤压机(LCI Multi-Granulator MG-55)以60rpm的挤出速度挤压穿过穹形0.7-mm开口式模。所得挤出物使用LCI QJ-230T球形造粒机以1400rpm的旋转速度团成球形历时6分钟。获得具有窄尺寸分布的湿扁球体。所得珠粒含有36重量%的薄荷醇。
子实施例E:首先将50份磨碎的烟草与30份去离子水混合。将该混合物在烘箱中加热且保持在50℃下。使20份合成薄荷醇在50℃下熔融。将熔融的薄荷醇与(磨碎的烟草)/(去离子水)混合物混合以形成湿物质。该湿物质使用单螺杆挤压机(LCI Multi-Granulator MG-55)以60rpm的挤出速度挤压穿过穹形0.7-mm开口式模。所得挤出物使用LCI QJ-230T球形造粒机以1400rpm的旋转速度团成球形历时6分钟。获得具有窄尺寸分布的湿扁球体。随后将湿扁球体在对流烘箱中在-5英寸汞柱的真空压力下在35℃下干燥2小时以除去水。所得珠粒含有24重量%的薄荷醇。
实施例2
含薄荷醇的烟草珠粒如下使用流化床包覆机用内包覆层包覆。
使用以不同HPMC量(1重量%、2重量%、3重量%或5重量%)的HPMC水溶液、5重量%的IR水溶液和5重量%的***胶水溶液,在配有Wurster插套的流化床包覆机(Mini Glatt,GlattCorporation,Germany)中,包覆根据实施例1制备的含薄荷醇的烟草珠粒。对于各批料,包覆温度为30℃且包覆时间为2-4小时。聚合物溶液的流量为0.42g/min。该包覆程序有效干燥珠粒以致于不需要单独的干燥步骤。
具有HPMC包覆层的所得珠粒准备用于进一步加工,例如如在以下实施例4中详述,所述加工通过与阳离子和包覆材料接触以形成凝胶包覆层。
实施例3
如下所述用交联的海藻酸盐包覆含薄荷醇的烟草珠粒。
根据实施例1制备的干燥的烟草珠粒通过浸没与5重量%的氯化钙(CaCl2)水溶液接触30秒且随后通过浸没与0.25重量%的海藻酸钠溶液接触15分钟。海藻酸钙薄层在烟草珠粒的表面上形成。将包覆的珠粒用蒸馏水洗涤且在环境条件下干燥。
实施例4
使用与实施例3类似的方法来在由实施例2获得的HPMC包覆的烟草珠粒上形成交联的海藻酸盐包覆层,然而,在这种情况下,使用15重量%的CaCl2乙醇溶液代替5%的CaCl2水溶液。
实施例5
根据实施例1制备的含薄荷醇的烟草珠粒在干燥步骤期间在流化床包覆机中用2重量%果胶溶液包覆。包覆时间为4小时。所得珠粒准备用于进一步加工,所述加工通过与阳离子和包覆材料接触以形成凝胶包覆层。
实施例6
含薄荷醇的烟草珠粒如在实施例1中所述使用熔融的合成薄荷醇或CR200薄荷醇-胶粉末产生。将珠粒在30℃下真空干燥6小时,随后密封在小瓶中并在室内条件下储存过夜。所得珠粒准备用于进一步加工,所述加工通过与阳离子和包覆材料接触以形成凝胶包覆层。
分析和结果
包覆层厚度和形态经由环境扫描电子显微术(“ESEM”)表征。果胶包覆的含薄荷醇的烟草珠粒的ESEM图像示于图1A-B中。图1A显示未破损的珠粒,而图1B显示破损珠粒的截面。果胶包覆层厚度为1.9μm(图1B),且包覆层厚度十分均匀。
薄荷醇释放通过在真空烘箱中在30℃下检验得自实施例2的5重量%HPMC包覆的含薄荷醇的烟草珠粒和得自实施例5的2重量%果胶包覆的含薄荷醇的烟草珠粒的重量损失来分析。因为在流化床包覆期间含薄荷醇的烟草珠粒损失其大部分水,所以在此的重量损失大部分可归因于薄荷醇损失。结果示于图2中。HPMC包覆的含薄荷醇的烟草珠粒的薄荷醇释放速率在第一天之后略高于果胶包覆的珠粒的释放速率。这指明,虽然果胶包覆层较薄,果胶包覆层也可在含薄荷醇的烟草珠粒中对薄荷醇提供较好的保护。在不希望受理论限制的情况下,认为这可能是因为果胶可与烟草粒子中的钙离子反应,这可帮助在珠粒中形成稠密的基质。
将如在实施例3中形成的烟草珠粒干燥。在干燥之后在烟草珠粒上的交联的海藻酸盐的光学显微镜图像示于图3A和图3B(分别显示未破损的珠粒和破损珠粒)中。图像显示交联的海藻酸盐可经由该技术成功地包覆在珠粒上。包覆层表面为光滑的且厚度为16μm-40μm。
如在实施例4中所述获得HPMC/交联的海藻酸盐双层包覆层。HPMC/交联的海藻酸盐包覆的烟草珠粒的ESEM图像示于图4中。双层包覆层可在珠粒上的大多数区域中辨认。该包覆层的总厚度为约30μm-40μm。
关于其中含薄荷醇的烟草珠粒使用熔融的合成薄荷醇或CR200薄荷醇-胶粉末产生的实施例6,发现薄荷醇在含有用液体合成薄荷醇制成的珠粒的小瓶的壁上结晶,而没有在含有用包封的薄荷醇胶粉末CR200制成的珠粒的小瓶的壁上结晶。这证明薄荷醇胶粉末使得薄荷醇从含薄荷醇的烟草珠粒中缓慢释放。
虽然已经参考特定的实施方案和实施例描述了本发明,但是应该理解的是可以在不脱离本发明的精神的情况下进行许多改变。包括摘要、概述和标题的本发明的各部分不应该被视为限制本发明的范围,它们的目的在于使得有关当局以及公众能够迅速地确定本发明的一般性质。除非明确使用术语“手段”,否则本文讲述的特征或元件没有一个将被看作是手段加功能的限制。因此,本发明仅受权利要求书限制。
Claims (15)
1.包封的烟草珠粒,其包括:
包含烟草粒子和薄荷醇的核,和
包含离子交联的凝胶的外包覆层。
2.权利要求1的包封的烟草珠粒,其还包括包含羟丙基甲基纤维素或果胶的内包覆层。
3.权利要求1的包封的烟草珠粒,其中所述薄荷醇为包封的薄荷醇。
4.权利要求3的包封的烟草珠粒,其中所述包封的薄荷醇包括包封在胶中的薄荷醇。
5.权利要求1的包封的烟草珠粒,其中所述包封的烟草珠粒还包含螯合剂。
6.权利要求5的包封的烟草珠粒,其中所述螯合剂包括聚乙烯基聚吡咯烷酮。
7.权利要求1的包封的烟草珠粒,其中所述凝胶包覆层包含选自由海藻酸盐、果胶和角叉菜胶组成的集合的材料。
8.权利要求6的包封的烟草珠粒,其中所述凝胶包覆层包含具有约0.4:1至约0.6:1的古罗糖醛酸单元与甘露糖醛酸单元的比率的海藻酸盐。
9.无烟烟草产品,其包含一种或多种根据权利要求1的包封的烟草珠粒。
10.发烟制品,其包含一种或多种根据权利要求1的包封的烟草珠粒。
11.权利要求10的发烟制品,其中所述发烟制品包括滤嘴且将所述一种或多种包封的烟草珠粒并入所述滤嘴中。
12.制造包封的烟草珠粒的方法,其包括:
在水溶液中混合烟草粒子与薄荷醇以形成湿物质;
挤压所述湿物质以形成挤出物;
使所述挤出物团成球以形成烟草珠粒;
干燥所述烟草珠粒;
使所述烟草珠粒与包含阳离子的溶液接触;和
将所述接触的烟草珠粒以有效诱发包覆材料围绕所述珠粒离子凝胶化的浓度引入所述包覆材料的溶液中,以形成具有凝胶包覆层的包封的烟草珠粒。
13.权利要求12的方法,其还包括在使所述烟草珠粒与所述包含阳离子的溶液接触之前用内包覆层包覆所述烟草珠粒。
14.权利要求13的方法,其中所述内包覆层包含羟丙基甲基纤维素且所述包含阳离子的溶液包含醇。
15.权利要求13的方法,其中所述内包覆层包含果胶。
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SI2552247T1 (en) | 2018-04-30 |
RS57010B1 (sr) | 2018-05-31 |
KR20130029371A (ko) | 2013-03-22 |
MY161256A (en) | 2017-04-14 |
US10051884B2 (en) | 2018-08-21 |
US11723395B2 (en) | 2023-08-15 |
ES2663350T3 (es) | 2018-04-12 |
RU2012145619A (ru) | 2014-05-10 |
US20230337718A1 (en) | 2023-10-26 |
AU2011231999A1 (en) | 2012-10-04 |
MX357101B (es) | 2018-06-26 |
RU2576015C2 (ru) | 2016-02-27 |
MX2012011138A (es) | 2013-03-05 |
JP2013523087A (ja) | 2013-06-17 |
EP2552247B1 (en) | 2018-02-21 |
US20180332887A1 (en) | 2018-11-22 |
LT2552247T (lt) | 2018-04-10 |
CN102821626B (zh) | 2016-12-07 |
US20110232657A1 (en) | 2011-09-29 |
HUE036557T2 (hu) | 2018-07-30 |
UA107696C2 (en) | 2015-02-10 |
PT2552247T (pt) | 2018-06-01 |
CO6630149A2 (es) | 2013-03-01 |
DK2552247T3 (en) | 2018-03-19 |
NO2552247T3 (zh) | 2018-07-21 |
WO2011116975A1 (en) | 2011-09-29 |
AU2011231999B2 (en) | 2015-06-11 |
SG184272A1 (en) | 2012-11-29 |
EP2552247A1 (en) | 2013-02-06 |
PL2552247T3 (pl) | 2018-06-29 |
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