CN102818265A - Application of heat-accumulating high-temperature air burning method in burner and burning furnace - Google Patents
Application of heat-accumulating high-temperature air burning method in burner and burning furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN102818265A CN102818265A CN2012103236074A CN201210323607A CN102818265A CN 102818265 A CN102818265 A CN 102818265A CN 2012103236074 A CN2012103236074 A CN 2012103236074A CN 201210323607 A CN201210323607 A CN 201210323607A CN 102818265 A CN102818265 A CN 102818265A
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Abstract
The invention discloses application of a heat-accumulating high-temperature air burning method in a burner and a burning furnace. A honeycomb-shaped alloy net is installed on a straight-through pulverized coal burner. After fuel in a fuel tank is pumped out through a fuel pump, the fuel enters a fuel pipe through a fuel regulating valve, and fuel sprayed out of a fuel nozzle is ignited. Compressed air pressed out through an air compressor enters a primary air inlet channel, burning of the fuel is supported when the air is blown out, and flames of the burning fuel are sprayed out of a horn-shaped opening. Pulverized coal air flow is ignited by the fuel flames after blown out from slits positioned on the outer side of the horn-shaped opening. Air blown out through an air blower enters a secondary air inlet channel through an air door, and burning of pulverized coal is supported after the air is blown out. A flame detector is installed outside the honeycomb-shaped alloy net. A computer controller controls the air door according to supply quantity of the pulverized coal and signals of the flame detector, and accordingly quantity of air blown into the secondary air inlet channel is controlled. The vast majority of flames of the straight-through pulverized coal burner are covered inside the straight-through pulverized coal burner through the honeycomb-shaped alloy net, and only extremely small blue flames can emerge out of the honeycomb-shaped alloy net.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to the application of a kind of heat accumulation high-temperature air burning method in burner and combustion furnace.
Background technology:
The burning of combustible is all opened wide in traditional burner and combustion furnace, and the burned flame play that makes progress forms towering flare.We know that the temperature of burned flame is high more, are just lighted more easily near the combustible of flame; Combustible touches the air above the combustible ignition temperature, and combustible will be lighted; The speed that the high more combustible of air themperature is lighted is fast more, and the amount that combustible is lighted is bigger, flame is prosperous more.Air and unburned combustible near though the burning of combustible can be heated; But do not support in carbon dioxide, steam and the air that combustible burning produces behind the nitrogen expanded by heating of combustible burning lighter than important air than the outside, so these flue gases have speed away flame and take away the temperature that great amount of heat reduces flame of the buoyancy of rising; Because the unburned that part of combustible of heat that part of combustible of burning produces makes it resolve into small molecule hydrocarbon, carbon particulate; The combustible imperfect combustion can produce carbon monoxide again; These little molecule combustibles also do not have burning just to be taken away by the flue gas that combustible burning back produces, and form blue or white smoke; Contain a large amount of carbon particulates in the blue smog, except containing carbon particulate, also contain a large amount of steam in the white smoke.Burners in prior or boiler all can excessive air distributions, and the air capacity that provides often will surpass combustible burning required air quantity.Sometimes burner or combustion furnace need air distribution at twice.For example: the wind that the small blower in the heavy oil combustion stove blows out is supported the primary combustion of heavy oil, and the heavy oil primary combustion decomposites combustibles such as a large amount of small molecule hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and carbon particulate; Secondary air distribution misalignment heavy oil flame, but aim at the little molecule combustible that heavy oil combustion decomposites, make these little molecule combustibles become fully burning; If use disposable big air quantity air distribution; Because the little air that the burning velocity of heavy oil heat slow, that discharge consumes less; Unnecessary air can be taken away the heat that the heavy oil flame of burning produces, when the heavy oil flame temperature of burning is lower than the heavy oil burning-point, heavy oil flame will extinguish.The combustible burned flame because the waste gas that combustible burning produces speeds away is taken away great amount of heat the burned flame temperature is reduced, cause little molecule combustible that a lot of former combustibles decompose also unburned just taken away by useless flue gas, form the blueness flue gas that gives up.So the traditional burner and the burning of combustion furnace all are burn incompletelys, waste energy and pollute.For example: the structure of the culinary diesel range in hotel is; Diesel pump is extracted the diesel oil in the diesel fuel tanks out back through the nozzle ejection of diesel oil control valve from burner; Disregard message that is placed into the burner internal combustion is lighted, and the wind support that air blast is blown into burner sprays into diesel combustion in the burner, form z z z the upwards flare of string that makes a sound.The red flare that diesel combustion produces in the diesel oil stove is a large amount of carbon particulates formed flare that burn; The blue flue gas that diesel combustion produces in the diesel oil stove is owing to contain a large amount of unburned carbon contained particulates in the flue gas; The flue gas that diesel combustion produces in the diesel oil stove people that chokes is owing to decomposite part small molecule hydrocarbon unburned to accompany or follow fume emission during diesel combustion to go out very much; So the useless flue gas of diesel oil stove will be through smoke stack emission to high aerial.If diesel combustion is fully in the diesel oil stove, the pot of the flame heat cooking that we can directly produce with burning as gas-cooker, the utilization ratio of the heat that diesel combustion produces can be higher, and not pollution.The coal dust burn incompletely of the straight-through pulverized coal burner in the boiler produces blue dense smoke, and in order to let coal dust fully burn, steam makes up water in an air distribution; Though can let coal dust fully burn like this, reduce the temperature of pulverized coal flame, both reduced boiler temperature.Coal burn incompletely in the chain coal burning stove can produce blue dense smoke equally, so the conveying of the chain of general chain-grate boiler is water-coal-slurry; Though these water let the coal on the chain fully burn, reduced the temperature of coal burning flame on the chain, both reduced boiler temperature.In ultra-supercritical coal-fired power generating units, the water temperature the seamless steel pipe that in boiler, comes out is above 600 ℃; This just requires the temperature of coal-fired flame very high, and the flue gas of boiler at least will be above 800 ℃.So, add steam in air distribution or add water formation water-coal-slurry in the coal letting the clean-burning way of coal, be not suitable in the boiler of ultra-supercritical coal-fired power generating units, using.
Summary of the invention:
The present invention can overcome the insufficient lower defective of flame temperature with burner or combustion furnace of combustible burning in conventional burners or the combustion furnace.
The application of heat accumulation high-temperature air burning method of the present invention in burner and combustion furnace.Be contained on burner or the combustion furnace with cellular alloy network, cellular infrared ceramic plate or foamed alloy plate.Cellular alloy network, cellular infrared ceramic plate or foamed alloy plate are equipped with flame detector outward.The signal that computer controller provides according to the quantity delivered and the flame detector of combustible is controlled air blast and is blown into burner or combustion furnace air capacity.In order to prevent that disposable a large amount of air intake from can cause the burner backfire of gas-cooker to cause blast perhaps in order to prevent that disposable a large amount of air intake from causing the flare of oil burner, Oil fuel combustion stove and coal combustion furnace to be blown out; Will carry out the air intake of secondary diverse location to burner or combustion furnace, the little molecule combustible that produced simultaneously eddy current decomposites former combustible fully mixes with air.When the flare outside cellular alloy network, cellular infrared ceramic plate or the foamed alloy plate is very high; Flame detector sends signal and gives computer controller; Computer controller increases last intake through the control air door, lets very low that cellular alloy network, the outer flare of cellular infrared ceramic plate cosmetic foamed alloy plate fall.Combustible most of burning in burner or combustion furnace like this, not fully burning and short blue flare is lighted, formed to a small amount of carbon monoxide of producing when passing cellular alloy network, cellular infrared ceramic plate or foamed alloy plate of combustible in burner or combustion furnace.Former combustible burning in burner or combustion furnace; Air in the little molecule combustible that unburned former combustible and decomposes go out in burner for heating or the combustion furnace and entering burner or the combustion furnace fully burns at the high temperature combustible that forms in burner or the combustion furnace under the support of heat accumulation high temperature air.
For example 1: be contained on the straight-through pulverized coal burner with cellular alloy network.Start fuel pump, fuel pump is extracted the fuel oil in the fuel tank through fuel regulator valve out and is got into fuel pipe, is lighted from the fuel oil of fuel nozzle ejection then.Start air compressor machine, the compressed air that air compressor machine extrudes gets into supports when an air intake passage blows out that the flame of oil inflame sprays from horn mouth from the burning of the fuel oil of fuel nozzle ejection.Breeze airflow blows out the back by the fuel oil flame ignition from the slit in the horn mouth outside.The wind that air blast blows out gets into the secondary air passage through air door, the carbon particulate that support coal dust burn incompletely is produced after coming out from two subchannels and the burning of carbon monoxide.Cellular alloy network is equipped with flame detector outward.Computer controller is controlled air door according to the signal that the quantity delivered and the flame detector of coal dust provides, thereby the control air blast is blown into the air capacity in the secondary air passage of straight-through pulverized coal burner; Cellular alloy network is covered on most flare of straight-through pulverized coal burner in the straight-through pulverized coal burner, have only very short blue flare to emerge from cellular alloy network.
For example 2: be contained on the diesel fuel burner with cellular alloy network.Remove cellular alloy network, put into diesel fuel burner after the cotton of watering diesel oil is lighted, then cellular alloy square is returned.Start diesel pump and extract the diesel oil in the diesel fuel tanks out back and send into fuel pipe through fuel regulator valve, the cotton flare that burnt of the fuel nozzle ejection back in the diesel fuel burner is lighted then.Start air blast, the wind that air blast blows out gets into the burning of supporting the diesel oil of fuel nozzle ejection in the diesel fuel burner in the diesel fuel burner then through in air intake passage of air door entering.Regulate fuel regulator valve and air door, cellular alloy network is covered on most flare of diesel fuel burner in the diesel fuel burner, have only very short blue flare to emerge from cellular alloy network.
For example 3: be contained in top in the chain coal combustion furnace with cellular alloy network, chain is transported to coal in the chain coal combustion furnace and is lighted, and air gets into from an air intake passage and blows to the coal that chain burns, and supports the burning of coal; The wind that air blast blows out gets into the secondary air passage through air door, supports the carbon particulate of coal burn incompletely generation and the burning of carbon monoxide from the side from the wind that the secondary air passage comes out; Flame detector is equipped with in cellular alloy network top; Computer controller is controlled air door according to the signal that the quantity delivered and the flame detector of coal provides; Thereby the control air blast is blown into the air capacity of chain coal combustion furnace secondary air passage; Cellular alloy network is covered on most flare of chain coal combustion furnace in the chain coal combustion furnace, have only very short blue flare to emerge from cellular alloy network.
For example 4: be contained in top in the fluid-bed combustion furnace with cellular alloy network, the coal on the fluid bed is lighted, and air gets into from an air intake passage, is upward through the coal burning on the fluid bed support fluid bed then; The wind that air blast blows out gets into the secondary air passage through air door, is blown into from the coal flame side that fluid bed burns then, supports the carbon particulate of coal burn incompletely generation on the fluid bed and the burning of carbon monoxide; Flame detector is equipped with in cellular alloy network top; Computer controller is controlled air door based on the signal that the quantity delivered and the flame detector of coal provides; Thereby the control air blast is blown into the interior air capacity of the secondary air passage of fluid-bed combustion furnace; Cellular alloy network is covered on most flare of fluid-bed combustion furnace in the fluid-bed combustion furnace, have only very short blue flare to emerge from cellular alloy network;
Description of drawings:
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing and the specific embodiment the present invention is done further concrete detailed explanation.
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that the present invention uses in straight-through pulverized coal burner.
Fig. 2 is the outside drawing that the present invention uses in diesel fuel burner.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that the present invention uses in the chain coal combustion furnace.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram that the present invention uses in the fluidized bed combustion coal incinerators.
The specific embodiment:
Experiment 1: be contained on the straight-through pulverized coal burner 1 with cellular alloy network 12.Start fuel pump, fuel pump is extracted the fuel oil in the fuel tank through fuel regulator valve out and is got into fuel pipe 15, is lighted from the fuel oil of fuel nozzle ejection.Start air compressor machine, the compressed air that air compressor machine extrudes gets into supports when an air intake passage 13 blows out that the flame of oil inflame sprays from horn mouth from the burning of the fuel oil of fuel nozzle ejection.Breeze airflow 16 blows out the back by the fuel oil flame ignition from the slit in the horn mouth outside.The wind that air blast blows out gets into secondary air passage 14 through air door, the carbon particulate that support coal dust burn incompletely is produced after coming out from two subchannels 14 and the burning of carbon monoxide.The cellular alloy network 12 outer flame detectors 11 that are equipped with, computer controller is controlled air door according to the signal that quantity delivered and the flame detector 11 of coal dust provides, thus the control air blast is blown into the interior air capacity of the secondary air passage 14 of straight-through pulverized coal burner 1; Cellular alloy network 12 is covered on most flare of straight-through pulverized coal burner 1 in the straight-through pulverized coal burner 1, have only very short blue flare to emerge from cellular alloy network 12.After the coal dust firing that straight-through pulverized coal burner is 1 li is normal, the brennschluss oil pump with close fuel regulator valve and make the fuel oil fray-out of flame; Then with fuel pipe 15 recession.1 li of traditional straight-through pulverized coal burner, if load is reduced to 70%, just breeze airflow 16 amounts is reduced 30%, the flame in the straight-through pulverized coal burner 1 is owing to the reduction of coal dust firing temperature is extinguished.And used the straight-through pulverized coal burner of the present invention 1 of storage combustion high-temperature air burning method that load was reduced at 70% o'clock, as long as turning the air capacities that air door gets in two subchannels 14 down will reduce, thereby make the coal dust still can normal combustion.Because the coal dust in the straight-through pulverized coal burner 1 of the present invention can fully burn, the heat of generation is also high, and the temperature of flue gas is very high, can not emit blue smoke or black smoke to pollute.
Experiment 2: be contained on the diesel fuel burner 2 with cellular alloy network 12, remove cellular alloy network 2, put into diesel fuel burner 2 after the cotton of watering diesel oil is lighted, then cellular alloy network 12 is covered back; Start diesel pump and extract the diesel oil in the diesel fuel tanks out back and send into fuel pipe 15 through fuel regulator valve, the cotton flare that burnt of the fuel nozzle ejection back in the diesel fuel burner is lighted then; Start air blast, the wind that air blast blows out gets into the burning of supporting the diesel oil of fuel nozzle ejection in the diesel fuel burner 2 in the diesel fuel burner then through in air intake passage 13 of air door entering; Regulate fuel regulator valve and air door, cellular alloy network 12 is covered on most flare of diesel fuel burner 2 in the diesel fuel burner 2, have only very short blue flare to emerge from cellular alloy network 12.We just can be as using gas-cooker like this, at the bottom of the frying pan near cooking on the blue flare on the cellular alloy network 12; Needn't worry to burn at the bottom of the black-cooking pot, also needn't spray the flue gas that the diesel oil of diesel fuel burner 2 burnings produces walk with chimney.
Experiment 3: be contained in top in the chain coal combustion furnace 3 with cellular alloy network 12.Chain 17 is transported to coal in the chain coal combustion furnace 3 and is lighted, and air gets into the coal that blows to chain 17 burnings from an air intake passage 13, supports the burning of coal.The wind that air blast blows out gets into secondary air passage 14 through air door, supports the carbon particulate of coal burn incompletely generation and the burning of carbon monoxide from the side from the wind that the secondary air passage comes out.Flame detector 11 is equipped with in cellular alloy network 12 tops.Computer controller is controlled air door according to the signal that the quantity delivered and the flame detector 11 of coal provides, thereby the control air blast is blown into the air capacity of chain coal combustion furnace 3 secondary air passages 14; Cellular alloy network 12 is covered on most flare of chain coal combustion furnace 3 in the chain coal combustion furnace 3, have only very short blue flare to emerge from cellular alloy network 12.Because the abundant burning of coal, the flue-gas temperature of generation is very high, can not emit blue smoke or smoke pollution environment; On chain 17, transport water-coal-slurry unlike conventional chains coal combustion furnace 3 that kind, the flue-gas temperature that cool water mixture burning produces is very low.
Experiment 4: be contained in top in the fluid-bed combustion furnace 4 with cellular alloy network 12.Coal on the fluid bed 18 is lighted, and air gets into from an air intake passage 13, is upward through the coal burning that fluid bed 18 is supported on the fluid bed 18 then.The wind that air blast blows out gets into secondary air passage 14 through air door, and the coal flame side from fluid bed 18 burnings is blown into then, supports the carbon particulate of coal burn incompletely generation on the fluid bed 18 and the burning of carbon monoxide.Flame detector 11 is equipped with in cellular alloy network 12 tops.Computer controller is controlled air door according to the signal that the quantity delivered and the flame detector 11 of coal provides, thereby the control air blast is blown into air capacities in the secondary air passage 14 of fluid-bed combustion furnace 4; Cellular alloy network 12 is covered on most flare of fluid-bed combustion furnace 4 in the fluid-bed combustion furnace 4, have only very short blue flare to emerge from cellular alloy network 12.Because coal burning is very abundant, the flue-gas temperature of generation is very high, can not emit blue smoke or smoke pollution environment.
Claims (5)
1. the application of a heat accumulation high-temperature air burning method in burner and combustion furnace; It is characterized in that: be contained on burner or the combustion furnace with cellular alloy network (12), cellular infrared ceramic plate or foamed alloy plate; Cellular alloy network (12), cellular infrared ceramic plate or foamed alloy plate are equipped with flame detector (11) outward, and the signal that computer controller provides based on the quantity delivered and the flame detector (11) of combustible is controlled air blast and is blown into burner or combustion furnace air capacity; In order to prevent that disposable a large amount of air intake from can cause the burner backfire of gas-cooker to cause blast perhaps in order to prevent that disposable a large amount of air intake from causing the flare of oil burner, Oil fuel combustion stove and coal combustion furnace to be blown out; Will carry out the air intake of secondary diverse location to burner or combustion furnace, the little molecule combustible that produced simultaneously eddy current decomposites former combustible fully mixes with air; When the flare outside cellular alloy network (12), cellular infrared ceramic plate or the foamed alloy plate is very high; Flame detector (11) sends signal and gives computer controller; Computer controller increases last intake through the control air door, allows very low that cellular alloy network (12), the outer flare of cellular infrared ceramic plate cosmetic foamed alloy plate fall; Combustible most of burning in burner or combustion furnace like this, not fully burning and short blue flare is lighted, formed to a small amount of carbon monoxide of producing when passing cellular alloy network (12), cellular infrared ceramic plate or foamed alloy plate of combustible in burner or combustion furnace; Former combustible burning in burner or combustion furnace; Air in the little molecule combustible that unburned former combustible and decomposes go out in burner for heating or the combustion furnace and entering burner or the combustion furnace fully burns at the high temperature combustible that forms in burner or the combustion furnace under the support of heat accumulation high temperature air.
2. the application of a heat accumulation high-temperature air burning method in burner and combustion furnace; It is characterized in that: be contained on the straight-through pulverized coal burner (1) with cellular alloy network (12); Start fuel pump; Fuel pump is extracted the fuel oil in the fuel tank through fuel regulator valve out and is got into fuel pipe (15), is lighted from the fuel oil of fuel nozzle ejection; Start air compressor machine, the compressed air that air compressor machine extrudes gets into an air intake passage (13), supports when blowing out that the flame of oil inflame sprays from horn mouth from the burning of the fuel oil of fuel nozzle ejection; Breeze airflow (16) blows out the back by the fuel oil flame ignition from the slit in the horn mouth outside; The wind that air blast blows out gets into secondary air passage (14) through air door, supports the carbon particulate that burn incompletely produced of coal dust and the burning of carbon monoxide after coming out from two subchannels (14); The outer flame detector (11) that is equipped with of cellular alloy network (12); Computer controller is controlled air door according to the signal that the quantity delivered and the flame detector (11) of coal dust provides; Thereby the control air blast is blown into the interior air capacity of secondary air passage (14) of straight-through pulverized coal burner; Cellular alloy network (12) is covered on most flare of straight-through pulverized coal burner (1) in the straight-through pulverized coal burner (1), have only very short blue flare to emerge from cellular alloy network (12).
3. the application of a heat accumulation high-temperature air burning method in burner and combustion furnace; It is characterized in that: be contained on the diesel fuel burner (2) with cellular alloy network (12); Remove cellular alloy network (12); Put into diesel fuel burner (2) after the cotton of watering diesel oil lighted, then cellular alloy square is returned; Start and send into fuel pipe (15) through fuel regulator valve after diesel pump is extracted the diesel oil in the diesel fuel tanks out, the cotton flare that is burnt from the interior fuel nozzle ejection back of diesel fuel burner (2) is then lighted; Start air blast, the wind that air blast blows out gets in the air intake passage (13) through air door, gets into the burning of the diesel oil of supporting the interior fuel nozzle ejection of diesel fuel burner (2) in the diesel fuel burner (2) then; Regulate deep fat control valve and air door, cellular alloy network (12) is covered on most flare of diesel fuel burner (2) in the diesel fuel burner (2), have only very short blue flare to emerge from cellular alloy network (12).
4. the application of a heat accumulation high-temperature air burning method in burner and combustion furnace; It is characterized in that: be contained in top in the chain coal combustion furnace (3) with cellular alloy network (12); Chain (17) is transported to coal in the chain coal combustion furnace (3) and is lighted; Air gets into the coal that blows to chain (17) burning from an air intake passage (13), supports the burning of coal; The wind that air blast blows out gets into secondary air passage (14) through air door, supports the carbon particulate of coal burn incompletely generation and the burning of carbon monoxide from the side from the wind that secondary air passage (14) comes out; Flame detector (11) is equipped with in cellular alloy network (12) top; Computer controller is controlled air door according to the signal that the quantity delivered and the flame detector (11) of coal provides; Thereby the control air blast is blown into the air capacity of the secondary air passage (14) of chain coal combustion furnace (3); Cellular alloy network (12) is covered on most flare of chain coal combustion furnace (3) in the chain coal combustion furnace (3), have only very short blue flare to emerge from cellular alloy network (12).
5. the application of a heat accumulation high-temperature air burning method in burner and combustion furnace; It is characterized in that: be contained in top in the fluid-bed combustion furnace (4) with cellular alloy network (12); Coal on the fluid bed (18) is lighted; Air gets into from an air intake passage (13), is upward through fluid bed (18) then and supports the coal burning on the fluid bed (18); The wind process air door that air blast blows out gets into secondary air passage (14), and the coal flame side from fluid bed (18) burning is blown into then, supports fluid bed (18) to go up the carbon particulate of coal burn incompletely generation and the burning of carbon monoxide; Flame detector (11) is equipped with in cellular alloy network (12) top; Computer controller is controlled air door according to the signal that the quantity delivered and the flame detector (11) of coal provides; Thereby the control air blast is blown into the interior air capacity of secondary air passage (14) of fluid-bed combustion furnace (4); Cellular alloy network (12) is covered on most flare of fluid-bed combustion furnace (4) in the fluid-bed combustion furnace (4), have only very short blue flare to emerge from cellular alloy network (12).
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| CN201210323607.4A CN102818265B (en) | 2012-08-25 | 2012-08-25 | Application of heat-accumulating high-temperature air burning method in burner and burning furnace |
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| CN201210323607.4A CN102818265B (en) | 2012-08-25 | 2012-08-25 | Application of heat-accumulating high-temperature air burning method in burner and burning furnace |
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| CN102818265B CN102818265B (en) | 2014-12-17 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103471095A (en) * | 2013-09-09 | 2013-12-25 | 中南大学 | Biomass powder combustor |
| CN109539561A (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2019-03-29 | 山西大学 | A kind of fuel oil type full-automatic air heater |
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| GB330198A (en) * | 1928-10-11 | 1930-06-05 | Richard Roosen | Improved burner for coal-dust furnaces |
| JPS60202218A (en) * | 1984-03-27 | 1985-10-12 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Combustion device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103471095A (en) * | 2013-09-09 | 2013-12-25 | 中南大学 | Biomass powder combustor |
| CN103471095B (en) * | 2013-09-09 | 2016-04-27 | 中南大学 | Biomass powder burner |
| CN109539561A (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2019-03-29 | 山西大学 | A kind of fuel oil type full-automatic air heater |
| CN109539561B (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2020-11-10 | 山西大学 | Fuel oil type full-automatic air heater |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102818265B (en) | 2014-12-17 |
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