CN102817794A - Lengthenable large composite material wind power generation blade - Google Patents
Lengthenable large composite material wind power generation blade Download PDFInfo
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- CN102817794A CN102817794A CN2012103043368A CN201210304336A CN102817794A CN 102817794 A CN102817794 A CN 102817794A CN 2012103043368 A CN2012103043368 A CN 2012103043368A CN 201210304336 A CN201210304336 A CN 201210304336A CN 102817794 A CN102817794 A CN 102817794A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a lengthenable large composite material wind power generation blade, which comprises an aerodynamic shell and shear webs arranged in the cavity of the aerodynamic shell, the aerodynamic shell mainly comprises an upper spar, a lower spar and fillers on both sides of the spars, the upper spar and the lower spar are connected together through the shear webs, the outside of the aerodynamic shell is wrapped by a skin layer, each spar comprises a spar sandwich layer and a spar skin layer, the spar sandwich layer mainly comprises three parts, i.e. a glass fiber sandwich layer on the root of the blade, a carbon fiber sandwich layer on the tip of the blade and a transitional section connected with the glass fiber sandwich layer and the carbon fiber sandwich layer, wherein the transitional section is mainly prepared with glass-carbon hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer, and the specific arrangement method of the glass-carbon hybrid fibers in the transitional section is as follows: gradual transition from full-glass fiber reinforcement to full-carbon fiber reinforcement along a direction from the glass fiber sandwich layer to the carbon fiber sandwich layer. Under the premise of unchanged weight, unchanged centre-of-gravity position and no cost increase, the output power and blade length of the blade are increased.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of wind power generating equipment, relate in particular to the wind power generation blade that a kind of special material is made.
Background technique
The typical structure of larger wind turbines blade comprises pneumatic housing that two fiber-reinforced polymers are processed and the shear web that two pneumatic housing are coupled together.Between two pneumatic housing, connect through bonding way between pneumatic housing and the shear web.
The typical method of preparation blade pneumatic housing and shear web is a vacuum perfusion process.When vacuum perfusion process prepared the blade pneumatic housing, sandwich materials such as reinforcing materials such as fiber and fabric, foam and cork wood were laid in the shaping die according to shop layer design and cover a vacuum bag.Through producing vacuum in the cavity between shaping die internal surface and vacuum bag, resin is inhaled into and is full of the cavity that includes lamination coating.Employed typical polymers mainly is polyester or epoxy resin, and employed typical fibers material mainly is the fabric of different shape.Reinforcing fiber is often based on glass fibre, and graphite fiber also begins in the maximization composite material wind-power blade, to use as a kind of high-performance fiber.The ratio of rigidity glass fibre of graphite fiber is big, and the adding of graphite fiber can obtain higher rigidity and lighter weight.Yet, because the price of graphite fiber is expensive more than glass fibre, this drawbacks limit graphite fiber being widely used on large-scale composite material wind-power blade.
WO00/14405 PCT applies for disclosing in the international publication a kind of lightning protection equipment of wind turbine blade; Wherein lightning arrester is to be processed by the carbon fiber reinforced plastic band of one or more prolate, and these fiber bands can constitute the part of wind turbine blade; CN1697924A Chinese patent document discloses a kind of wind turbine blade with graphite fiber tip; Its blade is divided into inner end portion and outer end portion; Inner end portion comprises root of blade and adds strength polymer by glass fibre basically to be processed, and outer end portion comprises blade tip and adds strength polymer by graphite fiber basically to be processed; CN101021202A Chinese patent document discloses a kind of carbon fiber reinforced wind turbine rotor blade, and the fiber reinforcement matrix of this blade comprises glass fibre and the graphite fiber that is embedded in the same body material.Though technique scheme has all proposed the various mode of executions of assorted fibre reinforced composite material wind electricity blade, the blade cost increase that causes because of the graphite fiber increase makes it on the existing market, still be difficult to bear and promote.
In addition; The output power of wind turbine receives the influence of outside physical environments such as wind speed easily; For the wind turbine of rated power, how to weaken influence, the maximization of realization output power of external environment condition, be the important topic that the wind turbine development faces.According to the output power of blower fan and square principle that is directly proportional of rotor diameter, can eliminate the influence of external condition through the length of lengthening rated power blade, increase the output power of wind turbine.But the lengthening length of blade can bring following problem: 1) leaf quality increases by the cube of length, has a strong impact on the operation and the fatigue life of blower fan; 2) the lengthening length of blade will make blade center of gravity move outward, can cause vibration frequency of blade to increase, influence operation and working life, even the danger that has the resonance of producing to destroy; 3) behind the lengthening length of blade, limit wind carries down blade-tip deflection and increases, the risk that has the collision pylon to destroy.
For the needs of maximization of simultaneous adaptation blade and high-output power, the technological scheme that exploitation effectively addresses the above problem has important practical significance.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention will solve is the deficiency that overcomes existing technology; Provide a kind of under the prerequisite that pneumatic structure no change, weight do not increase, position of centre of gravity does not change, blade-tip deflection does not increase, cost does not increase, the extended large-scale composite material wind-power blade that can output power be improved, length of blade increases.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above; The technological scheme that the present invention proposes is a kind of large-scale composite material wind-power blade that extends; Said blade comprises pneumatic housing and is located at the shear web in the pneumatic housing inner chamber; Said pneumatic housing mainly is made up of the obturator (obturator is preferably PVC foam and/or Balsa wood) of upper and lower spar that is positioned at the middle part and spar both sides; The pneumatic housing periphery is coated with the covering layer; Said upper and lower spar connects through shear web; It is characterized in that: said spar comprises the spar covering layer that the spar laminboard layer is outer with being coated on the spar laminboard layer; Said spar laminboard layer is mainly by near the glass fibre laminboard layer of root of blade, form near the graphite fiber laminboard layer of blade tip and transition zone three parts that connect glass fibre laminboard layer and graphite fiber laminboard layer, and said glass fibre laminboard layer is mainly prepared by glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP, Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer) moulding; Said graphite fiber laminboard layer is mainly by carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP; Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer) moulding preparation, said transition zone mainly strengthen polymer by glass-carbon mixed fibre processes, and the concrete arrangement of the glass-carbon mixed fibre in the said transition zone is: strengthen gradual change type by whole glass fibres on the direction from the glass fibre laminboard layer to the graphite fiber laminboard layer and carry out the transition to whole graphite fibers enhancings.
In the technological scheme of the invention described above; Expensive graphite fiber is mainly used in graphite fiber laminboard layer in the blade spars; Transition zone includes the small amount of carbon fibre reinforced materials, lays mode through the fibre reinforced materials of this kind optimization, not only can increase the rigidity of blade tip; And can reduce the amount of deflection of blade tip under the limit load, avoid blade tip touching pylon; In addition, because graphite fiber is mainly used in the transition zone of spar and near the graphite fiber laminboard layer of blade tip, therefore can effectively alleviates the quality of blade outer end portion, avoid leaf weight to increase, preventing especially that blade center of gravity from moving with frequency outward increases; Consider that spar is the primary load bearing parts of blade, the present invention only is used for spar transition zone and outer end portion with graphite fiber, has realized the optimization utilization of graphite fiber, has obtained the wind electricity blade of high performance-price ratio.
In the technological scheme of the invention described above, the transition zone of spar has also been done other special design, promptly strengthens gradual change type by whole glass fibres on the direction from the glass fibre laminboard layer to the graphite fiber laminboard layer and carries out the transition to whole graphite fibers enhancings.Because general hard 3～4 times on graphite fiber than glass fibre; The stress of transition zone is concentrated the risk that often causes easily that whole blade is destroyed; The transition zone of the application of the invention design; Can avoid undergoing mutation in the transition zone of blade stiffness between glass fibre and graphite fiber, so avoid border surface between graphite fiber and the glass fibre to be in bearing bigger dynamically or stress occurs during stress at rest and concentrate.
In the technological scheme of the invention described above, spar shop layer has also been done special design, and promptly said spar is trapped among outward and is coated with spar covering layer on the whole blade length direction, and this spar covering layer preferably strengthens body with continuous glass fibre shop layer as the surface.The meaning of shop layer design has three aspects at least like this: 1) this is further to realize the successional a kind of mode of spar structural entity; Resinous polymer fully flooded reinforcing fiber (particularly graphite fiber) when 2) this helped the moulding of spar vacuum perfusion process; 3) this helps the layer to layer transition between spar and the pneumatic housing.The thickness of said spar covering layer is preferably 2mm～3mm; The used reinforcing material of spar covering layer is special than being preferably the glass fibre single shaft to cloth, the axial cloth of Glass Fibre Double and/or glass fibre three axial cloth, and the glass fibre shop number of plies in the spar covering layer is preferably 1～3 layer.
In the above-mentioned large-scale composite material wind-power blade that extends, the concrete transient mode of said gradual change type transition is preferably any one in following two kinds:
(1) said glass fibre laminboard layer forms the most advanced and sophisticated and wedging of a transition and advances in the V-shaped groove that said graphite fiber laminboard layer forms in transition zone in said transition zone.
(2) said graphite fiber laminboard layer forms the most advanced and sophisticated and wedging of a transition and advances in the V-shaped groove that said glass fibre laminboard layer forms in transition zone in said transition zone.
In the above-mentioned large-scale composite material wind-power blade that extends; The Placement of fiber has also been done preferred design in the spar transition zone; Be that the glass fibre on the same aspect and graphite fiber are realized the transition handing-over of same aspect through the termination mode of interconnecting in the enhancing body of transition zone, transition handing-over zone passage mechanical connection is to keep the continuity of same aspect.Because spar is the primary load bearing parts of blade; The continuity of reinforcing fiber is the key that keeps the spar overall performance and then guarantee the blade integral performance in the spar; Therefore, the continuity of reinforcing fiber on same aspect can be realized through mechanical connection manner in same aspect upper glass fiber and graphite fiber handing-over zone.This termination interconnects mode can be preferably layer interior weaving manner or interlayer suture way again.Weaving manner is meant in the said layer; The alternately mode of braiding of interlaminar hybrid is adopted in glasscloth termination in the transition zone and carbon fibre fabric termination, the graphite fiber that extends into transition zone in the glass fibre that extends into transition zone in the glass fibre laminboard layer and the graphite fiber laminboard layer is linked together.Said interlayer suture way is meant, the carbon fiber layer fixed overlay that extends into transition zone in glass fibre layer that glass fibre in the said transition zone and graphite fiber in the transition zone are adopted the interlayer suture way to make to extend into transition zone in the glass fibre laminboard layer and the graphite fiber laminboard layer is in the same place.In transition zone, the length range in glass fibre on the same aspect and the transition of graphite fiber handing-over zone generally is preferably 0.6m～1.4m.
In above-mentioned the extended large-scale composite material wind-power blade, the length of said glass fibre laminboard layer is preferably 45%～55% of whole spar length; The length of said transition zone is preferably 15%～25% of whole spar length; The length of said graphite fiber laminboard layer is preferably 25%～35% of whole spar length.In addition, the optimum seeking site of said transition zone is laid in apart from root of blade 3
l/ 2 to 5
l/ 2 zone, wherein,
lDistance for root of blade to blade center of gravity.The length ratio of each constituent element and the each several part position distribution relation in whole spar in the spar laminboard layer; Be important improvement and the optimization that we have done through repetition test; Under the preferred condition of this kind; Not only help improving blade integral intensity and performance, and can farthest reduce cost.
In the above-mentioned large-scale composite material wind-power blade that extends, the fiber glass reinforcement in the said spar laminboard layer is preferably surface density greater than 1000g/m
2Single shaft to fabric, the carbon fibre reinforcement in the said spar laminboard layer is preferably surface density greater than 600g/m
2Single shaft to fabric.
Compared with prior art; The invention has the advantages that: technological scheme of the present invention has reduced the cost of production of application of carbon fibres on the one hand; The ability to bear that meets current market; (also being prior aspect) efficiently solves the stability of wind electricity blade work on the other hand, prolonged the working life of blade.Generally speaking; The large-scale composite material wind-power blade that extends of the present invention is under the prerequisite that pneumatic structure no change, weight do not increase, position of centre of gravity does not change, blade-tip deflection does not increase, cost does not increase; Can the length of blade of rated power be extended 5%～20%, and can keep same power (rated power), same aerofoil profile (pneumatic aerofoil profile); According to the output power of blower fan and square principle that is directly proportional of rotor diameter, can the output power of wind turbine be improved 10%～20%.Under certain stiffness, technological scheme of the present invention can also reduce the static load of wind electricity blade, reduces the dynamic load of blade pneumatic housing and root of blade simultaneously; Through changing and adjust the content and the distribution of graphite fiber in transition zone and the outer end; Can make the rigidity and the free frequency respective change of blade; Thereby realize that rigidity and free frequency are optimum down corresponding to specified conditions, have improved applicability, flexibility and the operability of blade of the present invention greatly.It is thus clear that blade of the present invention has better market prospect.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the wind turbine blade in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the profile at A-A place among Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the interval distribution schematic diagram of embodiment of the invention central spar laminboard layer on the length of blade direction.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of embodiment of the invention central spar laminboard layer transition zone gradual change type transient mode one.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of embodiment of the invention central spar laminboard layer transition zone gradual change type transient mode two.
Fig. 6 is the principle sketch that adopts weaving manner in the layer in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 7 is the principle sketch that adopts the interlayer suture way in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 8 realizes the structural representation that transition connects for stitching mode between blade gradual change type transient mode one binder course in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 9 realizes the structural representation that transition connects for stitching mode between blade gradual change type transient mode two binder courses in the embodiment of the invention.
Figure 10 is the location map of blade transition zone on blade in the embodiment of the invention.
Figure 11 is the schematic diagram of embodiment of the invention middle period piece preparation method.
Figure 12 is the structural representation of semi permeability ventilating joint in the embodiment of the invention.
Figure 13 is the structural representation of ventilating joint in the embodiment of the invention.
Marginal data:
1. pneumatic housing; 11. covering layer; 12. obturator; 2. shear web; 3. spar; 31. spar laminboard layer; 311. glass fibre laminboard layer; 312. transition zone; 313. graphite fiber laminboard layer; 32. spar covering layer; 33. reinforcing material preshaped body; 331. glasscloth; 332. mixed fibre fabric; 333. carbon fibre fabric; 334. spar covering layer reinforcing material; 34. permeable medium; 35. release cloth; 36. isolating film with holes; 37. first airfelt; 371. second airfelt; 38. the first flexible vacuum bag film; 381. flexible semipermeable membrane; 382. the second flexible vacuum bag film; 39. sealant tape; 4. glass fibre; 5. graphite fiber; 6. mould; 61. semi permeability ventilating joint; 62. ventilating joint; 63. outer rigid housing; 64. semipermeable membrane; 65. airfelt; 66. valve; 7. pumped vacuum systems; 71. vacuum pump; 8. injecting glue system; 81. gum-injecting port; 82. resin bucket.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with Figure of description and specific embodiment the present invention is further described.
Embodiment:
A kind of like Fig. 1, extended large-scale composite material wind turbine blade shown in Figure 2; The monnolithic case of this blade is as shown in Figure 1; Visible by Fig. 2; Blade includes pneumatic housing 1 and is located at the shear web 2 in pneumatic housing 1 inner chamber, and (the present embodiment obturator is that the density that Mead China composite material Co., Ltd provides is 63.0 ± 6 kg/m to pneumatic housing 1 main obturator 12 by upper and lower spar that is arranged in the middle part 3 and spar 3 both sides
3PVC foam and density 150 ± 20 kg/m
3Balsa wood) form, pneumatic housing 1 periphery is coated with covering layer 11, upper and lower spar 3 connects through shear web 2.
Spar 3 in the present embodiment comprises spar laminboard layer 31 and the spar covering layer 32 that is coated on outside the spar laminboard layer 31; As shown in Figure 3; Spar laminboard layer 31 is mainly by near the glass fibre laminboard layer 311 of root of blade, near the graphite fiber laminboard layer 313 of blade tip and connect glass fibre laminboard layer 311 and form with transition zone 312 3 parts of graphite fiber laminboard layer 313; Glass fibre laminboard layer 311 is mainly processed by glass fiber reinforced polymer; Graphite fiber laminboard layer 313 is mainly processed by carbon fiber reinforced polymer; Transition zone 312 mainly strengthens polymer by glass-carbon mixed fibre to be processed, and the concrete arrangement of the glass-carbon mixed fibre in the transition zone 312 is: strengthen gradual change type by whole glass fibres on the direction from glass fibre laminboard layer 311 to graphite fiber laminboard layer 313 and carry out the transition to whole graphite fibers enhancings.
In the present embodiment, above-mentioned gradual change type transition has adopted following dual mode to realize respectively:
As shown in Figure 4, glass fibre laminboard layer 311 forms the most advanced and sophisticated and wedging of a transition and advances in the V-shaped groove that graphite fiber laminboard layer 313 forms in transition zone 312 in said transition zone 312; Perhaps as shown in Figure 5, graphite fiber laminboard layer 313 forms the most advanced and sophisticated and wedging of a transition and advances in the V-shaped groove that glass fibre laminboard layer 311 forms in transition zone 312 in said transition zone 312.
Because spar 3 is primary load bearing parts of blade, so the continuity of reinforcing fiber is the key that keeps spar 3 overall performances and then guarantee the blade integral performance.Glass fibre 4 in the transition zone 312 of present embodiment blade can be to realize the transition handing-over or realize the transition handing-over through interlayer suture way as shown in Figure 7 through weaving manner in the layer as shown in Figure 6 with graphite fiber 5.
Weaving manner is meant in the layer: the alternately mode of braiding of interlaminar hybrids is adopted in glasscloth termination in the transition zone 312 and carbon fibre fabric terminations, the graphite fiber 5 that extends into transition zone 312 in the glass fibre 4 that extends into transition zone 312 in the glass fibre laminboard layer 311 and the graphite fiber laminboard layer 313 is linked together.
Adopt the interlayer suture way to realize the connectivity of reinforcing fiber in the present embodiment; After this interlayer stitching Placement is applied to above-mentioned two kinds of gradual change type transition zones of present embodiment; Its effect is respectively like Fig. 8, shown in Figure 9, make extend into transition zone 312 in the glass fibre layer that extends into transition zone 312 in the glass fibre laminboard layer 311 and the graphite fiber laminboard layer 313 the carbon fiber layer fixed overlay together.It is aramid fibre yarn, quartz fibre yarn or glass fiber yarn that interlayer is sewed up the stitching thread that adopts.
Shown in figure 10, in the wind electricity blade of present embodiment, the length of glass fibre laminboard layer 311 is 50% (45%～55% all can, the length L of present embodiment central spar is 55m) of whole spar 3 length L; The length of transition zone 312 is 20% (15%～25% all can) of whole spar 3 length L; The length of graphite fiber laminboard layer 313 is 30% (25%～35% all can) of whole spar 3 length.Wherein, the position of transition zone 312 is laid in apart from root of blade 3
l/ 2 to 5
l/ 2 zone, wherein,
lDistance for root of blade to blade center of gravity.
In the wind electricity blade of present embodiment; The thickness of spar covering layer 32 is 3mm, and spar covering layer 32 used reinforcing material are that (used reinforcing material is that the surface density that Chongqing international composite material Co., Ltd provides is 1250g/m to the glass fibre single shaft in the present embodiment to cloth, the axial cloth of Glass Fibre Double or glass fibre three axial cloth
2Single shaft to cloth, surface density 808g/m
2± 45 ° the braiding twin shafts to cloth and surface density 1215g/m
20 °, ± 45 ° the braiding three axial cloth).According to the composition structure of the above-mentioned wind electricity blade of present embodiment, spar 3 typically adopts vacuum perfusion process moulding preparation, adopts the fabric form then to help the moulding of spar 3.Spar 3 moulding prepare in the process; Cover the continuous glass fibre fabric in the upper and lower surface layer shop of shaping die earlier; And cover the whole length range of spar 3; Both can realize spar structural entity continuity, resinous polymer fully floods reinforcing fiber when helping spar 3 vacuum perfusion process moulding again, and the continuous fiber number of plies of the whole length of spar 3 upper and lower surface coverage can be selected (present embodiment is 3 layers) according to concrete design demand.The matrix resin of spar 3 is generally selected epoxy-resin systems, and epoxy-resin systems can satisfy the interface performance requirement of glass fibre 4 and graphite fiber 5 well.
Figure 11 shows the one step integral forming method of above-mentioned large-scale wind electricity blade mixed fibre enhancing spar in the present embodiment, specifically may further comprise the steps:
(1) mould pretreatment: at first clear up mould, repair smoothly, spray releasing agent then, spray gel coat again.
(2) shop cover material material: the reinforcing material preshaped body 33 and moulding auxiliary material required according to the designing requirement cutting spar in the present embodiment 3; Reinforcing material preshaped body 33 is made up of spar covering layer reinforcing material 334 and spar laminboard layer reinforcing material, and spar laminboard layer reinforcing material comprises that (present embodiment is selected surface density 1200g/m for use for glasscloth 331 near root of blade
2The glass single shaft to weave cloth), (present embodiment is selected surface density 600g/m for use near the carbon fibre fabric 333 of blade tip
2The graphite fiber single shaft is to weave cloth) and the mixed fibre fabric 332 that connects glasscloth 331 and carbon fibre fabric 333 form; The moulding auxiliary material comprise that ((the R85PA66 type release cloth that drop High Seience Technology Co., Ltd. in Shanghai produces, surface density is 85g/m for permeable medium 34 (being the water conservancy diversion net), release cloth 35
2)), isolating film with holes 36, airfelt (comprising first airfelt and second airfelt) and vacuum bag film (the vacuum bag film of present embodiment is the Vacfilm400Y26100 type vacuum bag film that French Aerorac company produces, and comprises the first flexible vacuum bag film and the second flexible vacuum bag film); Through the pretreated mould of step (1) 6 surfaces from lower to upper successively the shop cover permeable medium 34, release cloth 35, isolating film with holes 36, reinforcing material preshaped body 33, isolating film with holes 36 and release cloth 35; Wherein reinforcing material preshaped body 33 is from lower to upper successively by covering layer reinforcing material, spar laminboard layer reinforcing material and last covering layer reinforcing material are formed down; Lay first airfelt 37, the first airfelt 37 upper edge spars 3 length directions are provided with a plurality of semi permeability ventilating joints 61 at interval (spacing are 2m～3m) on release cloth 35 corresponding above glass fibre laminboard layer 311 regions then.
(3) the first layer closed mould cavity is set: on horizontal plane, be projected as the separatrix with the boundary line of glass fibre laminboard layer 311 and transition zone 312; The first flexible vacuum bag film, 38 coating moulds 6 are used near a side of glass fibre laminboard layer 311 in the separatrix; Flexible semipermeable membrane 381 coating moulds (the QL836 semipermeable membrane that the semipermeable membrane of present embodiment provides as Shanghai drop High Seience Technology Co., Ltd. is used near a side of transition zone 312 in the separatrix; Thickness is 0.35mm); The first flexible vacuum bag film 38 uses sealant tape 39 to glued joint with flexible semipermeable membrane 381 at joint and forms a hybrid films integral body that covers the spar enhancement region fully; Cover on mould 6 surfaces through sealant tape 39 then and form the first layer closed mould cavity, reinforcing material preshaped body 33 all is covered by in the first layer closed mould cavity with the moulding auxiliary material.In the present embodiment, the first flexible vacuum bag film 38 is thin-film materials that liquids and gases all can't see through, flexible semipermeable membrane 381 then be gas can through but thin-film material that liquid can't see through; The first flexible vacuum bag film 38 can make the matrix resin glue flow to transition zone 312 and graphite fiber laminboard layer 313 along glass fibre laminboard layer 311; Flexible semipermeable membrane 381 then is that guiding matrix resin glue flows and even lay-up preshaped body 33 along thickness direction, avoids the formation of defective; Therefore, just can guide resin to flow through being used in combination the first flexible vacuum bag film 38 with flexible semipermeable membrane 381 along the direction of design.
(4) second layer closed mould cavity is set: at interval (spacing is that 1m～2m) is provided with a plurality of ventilating joints 62 to lay second airfelt 371, the second airfelt 371 upper edge spars 3 length directions above flexible semipermeable membrane 381; Cover on mould 6 surfaces and use sealant tape 39 that the first flexible vacuum bag film 38 is sealed coating fully with flexible semipermeable membrane 381 with the second flexible vacuum bag film 382 then; Form second layer closed mould cavity, second airfelt 371 is in the second layer closed mould cavity with ventilating joint 62.
(5) connect external equipment: all semi permeability ventilating joints 61 and ventilating joint 62 are connected to pumped vacuum systems 7 (being connected to vacuum pump 71 by vacuum lead), simultaneously injecting glue system 8 (being communicated to resin bucket 82 by the injecting glue pipeline) are connected to gum-injecting port 81 places that are arranged in the first layer closed mould cavity.The matrix resin that spar 3 injecting glues adopt is generally selected epoxy-resin systems, and epoxy-resin systems can satisfy the interface performance requirement of glass fibre 4 and graphite fiber 5 well.
(6) vacuum injecting glue: close injecting glue system 8; Open all semi permeability ventilating joints 61 and ventilating joint 62 then; Through the gas in pumped vacuum systems 7 discharge first layer closed mould cavity and the second layer closed mould cavity; Make and reach negative pressure of vacuum (0.098MPa) and ability stable maintenance 20min～30min in first layer closed mould cavity and the second layer closed mould cavity; Open injecting glue system 8 again and begin to inject matrix resin is positioned at the first layer closed mould cavity with dipping reinforcing material preshaped body 33; Close semi permeability ventilating joint 61 and ventilating joint 62 in the injecting glue process in succession, realize the thorough impregnation of matrix resin the reinforcing material preshaped body with the flow direction of control matrix resin; Closing semi permeability ventilating joint 61 in succession specifically is meant with ventilating joint 62: an end that from mould 6, is set to root of blade is to an end that is set to blade tip; Closeall one by one semi permeability ventilating joint 61 and ventilating joint 62; The shut-in time of each semi permeability ventilating joint 61 is spaced apart 1min～2min, and the shut-in time of each ventilating joint 62 is spaced apart 2min～3min.
(7) solidifying and reprocessing: the vacuum injecting glue begins to be cured moulding after accomplishing; Keep degree of vacuum in the die cavity until completion of cure in the solidifying process, solidify the large-scale wind electricity blade hybrid composite spar 3 that carries out obtaining after the demoulding, finishing and the cleaning present embodiment after accomplishing.Adopt the forming method of above-mentioned spar 3; Spar 3 structural entity continuitys both can have been realized; Resinous polymer fully floods reinforcing fiber when helping spar 3 vacuum perfusion process moulding again, and the continuous fiber number of plies of the whole length of spar 3 upper and lower surface coverage can be selected (present embodiment is 3 layers) according to concrete design demand.
Among the preparation method of above-mentioned hybrid composite spar, flexible semipermeable membrane 381 can see through but the impervious thin-film material of matrix resin glue for gas.61 of semi permeability ventilating joints can see through but the impervious ventilating joint of matrix resin glue for gas; Its structure is shown in figure 12; Comprise outer rigid housing 63, the bottom of outer rigid housing 63 is coated by permeable medium 34 (being the water conservancy diversion net), is provided with air-flow path in the shell; The bottom section of air-flow path is provided with obturator, and obturator is mainly by semipermeable membrane 64, permeable medium 34, semipermeable membrane 64, airfelt 65 and the permeable medium 34 of stack are formed successively from bottom to top; Be connected through sealant tape 39 between the inwall of obturator and outer rigid housing 63; Be provided with valve 66 in the air-flow path of obturator top.Ventilating joint 62 is all permeable ventilating joint of gas and matrix resin glue; Its structure is shown in figure 13; The structure of ventilating joint 62 comprises outer rigid housing 63, and the bottom of outer rigid housing 63 is coated by permeable medium 34, is provided with air-flow path in the shell; The bottom section of air-flow path is provided with obturator, and obturator is mainly by permeable medium 34, airfelt 65 and the permeable medium 34 of stack are formed successively from bottom to top; Be tightly connected between the inwall of obturator and outer rigid housing 63; Be provided with valve 66 in the air-flow path of obturator top.
In the wind electricity blade of present embodiment, the fiber glass reinforcement in the spar laminboard layer 31 is that surface density is greater than 1000g/m
2Single shaft to fabric, the carbon fibre reinforcement in the spar laminboard layer 31 is that surface density is greater than 600g/m
2Single shaft to fabric.Because the specific strength (strength/density) of carbon fiber reinforced polymer laminate approximately is 2 times of the glass fiber reinforced polymer laminate; Specific modulus (modulus/density) is 3 times of GFRP approximately; According to the foregoing description; Blade spars 3 adopts GFRP to process near the glass fibre laminboard layer of root of blade 311, adopts CFRP to process near 313 of the graphite fiber laminboard layers of blade tip, and this key position adopts graphite fiber can not only give full play to the advantage of the high-elastic lightweight of graphite fiber as the mode of reinforcing material; Improve the rigidity and the intensity of blade tip greatly; Increase the critical length (seeing table 1) of blade, and price more helps the promotion and application of graphite fiber in the wind electricity blade field than adopting graphite fiber to prepare blade as reinforcing material entirely or adopting graphite fiber to prepare whole spars 3 as reinforcing material and will reduce greatly; Can effectively reduce simultaneously the amount of deflection of blade tip again, prevent blade tip touching pylon in the blade running; And can realize the length of blade lengthening, output power improves, but leaf weight does not increase and center of gravity is not moved outward, the immovable integration objective of leaf natural frequency.
Table 1: the technical parameter contrast of present embodiment blade and existing blade
| Blade | Existing blade | The present embodiment blade |
| Length/m | 50 | 55 |
| Rated power/MW | 2.5 | 2.5 |
| Weight/t | 11.56 | 11.57 |
| Position of centre of gravity/m | 16.56 | 16.58 |
| Single order is waved free frequency/Hz | 0.665 | 0.667 |
| Second order is waved free frequency/Hz | 1.913 | 1.918 |
| Shimmy free frequency/the Hz of single order | 1.178 | 1.174 |
| Shimmy free frequency/the Hz of second order | 3.521 | 3.526 |
| Blade tip maximum deflection/m | 11.25 | 11.29 |
| Rated wind speed/(m/s) | 10.5 | 10 |
| The existence wind speed/(m/s) | 59.5 | 52.5 |
| Maximum chord length/m | 3.98 | 3.98 |
| Be suitable for wind field | The III class | II class and III class |
| Single piece of material cost/ten thousand yuan | About 60 | About 60 |
Claims (10)
1. large-scale composite material wind-power blade that can extend; Said blade comprises pneumatic housing and is located at the shear web in the pneumatic housing inner chamber; Said pneumatic housing mainly is made up of the upper and lower spar that is positioned at the middle part and the obturator of spar both sides; The pneumatic housing periphery is coated with the covering layer; Said upper and lower spar connects through shear web; It is characterized in that: said spar comprises the spar covering layer that the spar laminboard layer is outer with being coated on the spar laminboard layer; Said spar laminboard layer is mainly by near the glass fibre laminboard layer of root of blade, near the graphite fiber laminboard layer of blade tip and connect the glass fibre laminboard layer and form with transition zone three parts of graphite fiber laminboard layer, and said glass fibre laminboard layer is mainly prepared by the glass fiber reinforced polymer moulding, and said graphite fiber laminboard layer is mainly prepared by the carbon fiber reinforced polymer moulding; Said transition zone mainly strengthens the forming polymer preparation by glass-carbon mixed fibre, and the concrete arrangement of the glass-carbon mixed fibre in the said transition zone is: strengthen gradual change type by whole glass fibres on the direction from the glass fibre laminboard layer to the graphite fiber laminboard layer and carry out the transition to whole graphite fibers enhancings.
2. the large-scale composite material wind-power blade that extends according to claim 1; It is characterized in that the concrete transient mode of said gradual change type transition is: said glass fibre laminboard layer forms the most advanced and sophisticated and wedging of a transition and advances in the V-shaped groove that said graphite fiber laminboard layer forms in transition zone in said transition zone.
3. the large-scale composite material wind-power blade that extends according to claim 1; It is characterized in that the concrete transient mode of said gradual change type transition is: said graphite fiber laminboard layer forms the most advanced and sophisticated and wedging of a transition and advances in the V-shaped groove that said glass fibre laminboard layer forms in transition zone in said transition zone.
4. according to each described large-scale composite material wind-power blade that extends in the claim 1～3, it is characterized in that glass fibre in the said transition zone and graphite fiber are to realize the transition handing-over through weaving manner in the layer;
Weaving manner is meant in the said layer: with the mode that glasscloth termination in the transition zone and carbon fibre fabric termination adopt interlaminar hybrid alternately to weave, the graphite fiber that extends into transition zone in the glass fibre that extends into transition zone in the glass fibre laminboard layer and the graphite fiber laminboard layer is linked together.
5. according to each described large-scale composite material wind-power blade that extends in the claim 1～3; It is characterized in that; Glass fibre in the said transition zone is to realize that through the interlayer suture way transition joins with graphite fiber, make extend into transition zone in the glass fibre layer that extends into transition zone in the glass fibre laminboard layer and the graphite fiber laminboard layer the carbon fiber layer fixed overlay together;
The stitching thread that said interlayer stitching is adopted is one or more in aramid fibre yarn, quartz fibre yarn, the glass fiber yarn.
6. according to each described large-scale composite material wind-power blade that extends in the claim 1～3, it is characterized in that: the length of said glass fibre laminboard layer is 45%～55% of whole spar length; The length of said transition zone is 15%～25% of whole spar length; The length of said graphite fiber laminboard layer is 25%～35% of whole spar length.
7. the large-scale composite material wind-power blade that extends according to claim 6 is characterized in that the position of said transition zone is laid in apart from root of blade 3
l/ 2 to 5
l/ 2 zone, wherein,
lDistance for root of blade to blade center of gravity.
8. according to each described large-scale composite material wind-power blade that extends in the claim 1～3, it is characterized in that the position of said transition zone is laid in apart from root of blade 3
l/ 2 to 5
l/ 2 zone, wherein,
lDistance for root of blade to blade center of gravity.
9. according to each described large-scale composite material wind-power blade that extends in the claim 1～3; It is characterized in that; The thickness of said spar covering layer is 2mm～3mm, and the used reinforcing material of spar covering layer is that the glass fibre single shaft is to cloth, the axial cloth of Glass Fibre Double and/or glass fibre three axial cloth.
10. according to each described large-scale composite material wind-power blade that extends in the claim 1～3, it is characterized in that: the fiber glass reinforcement in the said spar laminboard layer is that surface density is greater than 1000g/m
2Single shaft to fabric, the carbon fibre reinforcement in the said spar laminboard layer is that surface density is greater than 600g/m
2Single shaft to fabric.
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| CN106499577A (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2017-03-15 | 远景能源（江苏）有限公司 | Fan blade horizontal plane girder |
| CN107246354A (en) * | 2017-07-17 | 2017-10-13 | 昆山风速时代新能源有限公司 | A kind of wind electricity blade and its manufacture method |
| CN107859603A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-03-30 | 洛阳双瑞风电叶片有限公司 | A kind of anti-icing and deicing wind electricity blade and preparation method thereof |
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| CN107859603A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-03-30 | 洛阳双瑞风电叶片有限公司 | A kind of anti-icing and deicing wind electricity blade and preparation method thereof |
| CN107859603B (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2019-06-28 | 洛阳双瑞风电叶片有限公司 | A kind of anti-icing and deicing wind electricity blade and preparation method thereof |
| CN108005846A (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2018-05-08 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Main bearing beam and hybrid wing spar composite wind power blade for large wind power blade and preparation method thereof |
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| WO2020089344A1 (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2020-05-07 | Safran Aircraft Engines | Hybridization of the fibers of the fibrous reinforcement of a fan blade |
| CN112969570A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2021-06-15 | 赛峰飞机发动机公司 | Hybridization of fibres of fibre reinforcement of blades |
| CN109766604A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-05-17 | 浙江大学 | A kind of blade high rigidity design method based on random equal geometrical analysis |
| CN112976698A (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2021-06-18 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Fatigue-resistant composite material continuous sucker rod and preparation device and preparation method thereof |
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| CN114347503A (en) * | 2022-01-05 | 2022-04-15 | 泰山玻璃纤维有限公司 | Carbon-glass mixed pulling plate for wind power blade main beam |
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