CN102801198B - Energy storage device - Google Patents

Energy storage device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102801198B
CN102801198B CN201210320499.5A CN201210320499A CN102801198B CN 102801198 B CN102801198 B CN 102801198B CN 201210320499 A CN201210320499 A CN 201210320499A CN 102801198 B CN102801198 B CN 102801198B
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energy
storage battery
battery group
cpu
switch
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CN102801198A (en
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陈乐茵
郑世和
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FUHUADE ELECTRONICS (DONGGUAN) CO., LTD.
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WUXI FUHONG TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses an energy storage device, which comprises an energy storage battery and a supercapacitor module which are connected with each other, wherein a control device is arranged on the circuits of the energy storage battery and the supercapacitor module to control the charge and discharge of the energy storage battery and the supercapacitor module. The control device comprises a central processing unit, a pre-charge control circuit, a shunting control circuit and a discharge control and under-voltage protection circuit, wherein the pre-charge control circuit, the shunting control circuit and the discharge control and under-voltage protection circuit are electrically connected with and controlled by the central processing unit respectively. According to the energy storage device, the state of the circuit is analyzed and controlled by the control device; and the energy storage device is charged and discharged in different ways in different states. Furthermore, the aim of incorporating the conventional energy storage battery into the supercapacitor module in any state of charge can be achieved, and the normal work of the energy storage device can be ensured by the spontaneous regulation and control of the control circuit.

Description

Energy storage device
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of equipment of storage power, especially based on the energy storage device of ultracapacitor module.
Background technology:
Traditional energy storage device, mainly based on lead-acid battery, although its performance is comparatively stable, cost is also cheaper, because its volume is comparatively large, structure bulky, and the plumbous environmental pollution of the raw material adopted is very serious, will gradually eliminate by society.
And the lithium ion battery that development in recent years is got up, it is compared with traditional energy storage device lead-acid battery, all improves at discharge-rate and energy density, and environmental pollution is less; But due to himself characteristic, its high rate charge-discharge poor-performing; Also it needs high rate charge-discharge occasion application at electric automobile, electric bicycle etc. is just limited.
In order to cater to the demand of society, there is a kind of novel energy-storing equipment ultracapacitor in recent years, because ultracapacitor has the multiple advantages such as low internal resistance, high power capacity, high power discharge performance be good, and environmentally safe, it effectively compensate for traditional energy storage device as the deficiency such as lead-acid battery, lithium ion battery; But in use find, the energy density of ultracapacitor is relatively low; Which also limits the further application of ultracapacitor.
In order to gather the advantage of various energy storage device, people devise a kind of compound energy storage facilities, namely each ultracapacitor monomer by series connection or/and the mode of parallel connection is connected to form ultracapacitor module, be then connected with energy-storage battery group, and form compound energy storage device; This kind composite energy storing device power density is high, energy density is also high, achieves the mutual supplement with each other's advantages between traditional energy-storage battery and ultracapacitor, meets current social to demand that is high-power, high power capacity energy storage device.
But, due to the difference of ultracapacitor module and energy-storage battery self-characteristic, when ultracapacitor module is connected with energy storage devices, if do not controlled its internal circuit such as charge and discharge process, energy storage devices often causes the damage of energy storage device because overcharging or excessively put; On the other hand, as this energy storage devices charge complete and shelve do not use for a long time time, because the leakage current of ultracapacitor is larger, if do not make certain scheduling to the energy flow between ultracapacitor module and traditional energy-storage battery, the voltage being attached thereto the energy-storage battery connect likely can be crossed and put by ultracapacitor module, the performance of this energy storage devices is had a strong impact on, in extreme situations, even can cause potential safety hazard.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is just to overcome the deficiency existing for existing energy storage device, a kind of energy storage device based on ultracapacitor module is provided, this storage device can control the charge and discharge process of inside, effectively reduce the instantaneous large-current by energy-storage battery group, extend the useful life of energy-storage battery group, energy-storage battery group can being prevented again to be damaged because excessively putting, to prevent potential safety hazard.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, present invention employs following technical scheme: this energy storage device, the ultracapacitor module comprising energy-storage battery group and be connected with this energy-storage battery group, the circuit that described energy-storage battery group is connected with ultracapacitor module is provided with in order to the control device carrying out charge and discharge control to energy-storage battery group and ultracapacitor module, described control device comprises: a CPU, this CPU is in order to gather the electric parameter of energy-storage battery group and ultracapacitor module, and by the numerical value of collection to send corresponding control command after default value, one preliminary filling control circuit, this preliminary filling control circuit is connected with CPU, and by central processing unit controls, after the numerical value gathered compares with default value by CPU, when the voltage difference of energy-storage battery group and ultracapacitor module is greater than preset value, CPU sends control command and starts preliminary filling control circuit to ultracapacitor module charges, when the voltage difference charging to described energy-storage battery group and ultracapacitor module is less than or equal to preset value, CPU sends control command and cuts off preliminary filling control circuit, one shunting circuit, this shunting circuit is connected with CPU, and by central processing unit controls, after the numerical value gathered compares with default value by CPU, when the current value of energy-storage battery group is greater than preset value, startup shunting circuit is shunted by CPU.
Furthermore; control device in technique scheme also comprises: control of discharge and under-voltage protecting circuit; this control of discharge and under-voltage protecting circuit are connected with CPU; and by central processing unit controls; after the numerical value gathered compares with default value by CPU, when the magnitude of voltage of energy-storage battery group is less than preset value, star t-up discharge controls and under-voltage protecting circuit by CPU; cut off circuit, prevent energy-storage battery group from crossing and put.
Furthermore, the CPU in technique scheme comprises: one for gathering from energy-storage battery group and the voltage signal of ultracapacitor modular circuit and/or the information acquisition module of current signal; One for analyzing the signal of above-mentioned information acquisition module collection and sending the Logic control module of corresponding instruction; And one to be controlled by Logic control module, the pulse-width modulation driver module of regulation voltage, described pulse-width modulation driver module is in order to regulate the charging pulse width of preliminary filling control circuit.
Furthermore, shunting circuit in technique scheme comprises the current-limiting resistance be in series with energy-storage battery group and the first switch be in parallel with this current-limiting resistance, and described first switch is connected with described CPU and disconnects under the control action of CPU or close.
Furthermore, the preliminary filling control circuit in technique scheme comprises the 3rd switch, inductance and diode, and the output of described preliminary filling control circuit is connected with second switch with ultracapacitor module; As CPU the difference of voltage of the energy-storage battery group that gathers and ultracapacitor module be greater than preset value time, under the executive signal effect that CPU sends, described second switch disconnects and described 3rd switch is in and periodically disconnects and closed operating state; Energy-storage battery group is to the charging of ultracapacitor module, and when the voltage difference of energy-storage battery group and ultracapacitor module is less than or equal to preset value, the 3rd switch disconnects and second switch closes, and preliminary filling terminates.
Furthermore; control of discharge in technique scheme and under-voltage protecting circuit comprise control switch; this control switch is connected with described ultracapacitor module; as CPU the magnitude of voltage of energy-storage battery group that gathers to be down under the predeterminated voltage of energy-storage battery group in limited time, under the effect of CPU executive signal, this control switch disconnects.
Furthermore, the control switch in technique scheme is the second switch of preliminary filling control circuit.
Furthermore, the first switch in technique scheme, second switch and/or the 3rd switch are any one in following switch: electronic/mechanical switch, bipolar junction transistor, field effect transistor, igbt.
Furthermore, the energy-storage battery group in technique scheme is that lead-acid battery group, Li-ion batteries piles are or/and fuel cell.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect: (1) is provided with preliminary filling control circuit due to the present invention, this preliminary filling control circuit is when the voltage difference of energy-storage battery group and ultracapacitor module is greater than certain value, can carry out pre-charged to ultracapacitor module, thus make the voltage difference between energy-storage battery group and ultracapacitor module can not differ too large, when preventing ultracapacitor module and energy-storage battery group turned in parallel because of ultracapacitor module and energy-storage battery group voltage difference excessive and cause ultracapacitor module or energy-storage battery group reduce or damage useful life, (2) because the present invention is also provided with control of discharge and under-voltage protecting circuit, when energy storage device works, when the voltage as energy-storage battery group is lower, this control of discharge and under-voltage protecting circuit can cut off circuit, and then prevent energy-storage battery group to be damaged because excessively putting, as energy storage device shelve for a long time time, this under-voltage protecting circuit also can cut off circuit, and then prevent energy dissipation (3) that the present invention is provided with shunting circuit, when energy storage device works, electric current as flowed through energy-storage battery group is excessive, the electric current that this shunting circuit can make stream shy energy-storage battery group is minimized, and then protects energy-storage battery group and be not damaged, and improves the bulk life time of energy storage device, (4) the present invention is by the spontaneous regulation and control of central control unit, and ensure energy-storage battery group and the co-ordination of ultracapacitor module, energy-storage battery group can not be damaged because of the leakage current self discharge of ultracapacitor module, the present invention is by regulating and controlling its charging and discharging currents and state-of-charge in addition, there is the feature safe, reliable, circuit structure is simple, easy to use, effectively can realize the optimization of co-ordination between two kinds of different energy storage original papers, the useful life of maximized prolongation battery pack, thus there is significant economic benefit and technological progress meaning.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1 is circuit theory diagrams of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of central control unit of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of shunting circuit of the present invention, there is shown the schematic diagram that shunting circuit is applied to energy storage device of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of preliminary filling control circuit of the present invention, there is shown the schematic diagram that preliminary filling control circuit is applied to energy storage device of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is circuit element connection diagram of the present invention, there is shown the circuit element connection layout that shunting circuit and preliminary filling control circuit, control of discharge and under-voltage protecting circuit are applied to a kind of embodiment of energy storage device of the present invention.
Embodiment:
See Fig. 1, energy storage device of the present invention comprises ultracapacitor module 5 and energy-storage battery group 6; Described ultracapacitor module 5 and energy-storage battery group 6 are in parallel and in order to storage power, and provide energy to load 8.
For improving the security performance of this energy storage device, prevent energy storage device when charge or discharge, potential safety hazard is there is owing to overcharging or excessively put, the circuit that the present invention is connected with energy-storage battery group 6 at ultracapacitor module 5 is provided with control device, energy-storage battery group and ultracapacitor module carry out discharge and recharge time, this control device can carry out Effective Regulation to it, effectively reduce the instantaneous large-current flowing through energy-storage battery group 6, extending the useful life of energy-storage battery group 6, energy-storage battery group 6 can being prevented again to be damaged because excessively putting.
Control device of the present invention comprises: shunting circuit 1, preliminary filling control circuit 2, control of discharge and under-voltage protecting circuit 3 and central control unit 4.Described shunting circuit 1, preliminary filling control circuit 2, control of discharge and under-voltage protecting circuit 3 are all connected with central control unit 4, and control by central control unit 4.Ultracapacitor module 5 and energy-storage battery group 6 are in parallel, and described control device accesses in the circuit that described ultracapacitor module 5 and energy-storage battery group 6 be in parallel.Outside load 8 accesses in this energy storage device of the present invention by a load controller 7; Described load 8 can be device or the equipment that electric bicycle etc. has high capacity cell.
Operationally, as CPU 4 Information Monitoring find between energy-storage battery group 6 and ultracapacitor module 5 voltage difference and be greater than preset value time, CPU 4 sends executive signal, start preliminary filling control circuit 4, ultracapacitor module 5 is charged, when the voltage difference charging to energy-storage battery group 6 and ultracapacitor module 5 is less than or equal to preset value, the preliminary filling stage terminates.When preventing ultracapacitor module 5 and energy-storage battery group 6 turned in parallel because of ultracapacitor module 5 and energy-storage battery group 6 voltage difference excessive and cause ultracapacitor module 5 or energy-storage battery group 6 reduce or damage useful life; CPU 4 acquisition stream is through the electric current of energy-storage battery group 6, when external loading needs energy storage device to provide instantaneous large-current, the electric current flowing through energy-storage battery group 6 is greater than preset value, CPU 4 sends instruction, start shunting circuit 1, energy-storage battery group 6 is shunted, the electric current flowing through this energy-storage battery group 6 is reduced, and then protect energy-storage battery group 6 not by the impact of instantaneous large-current, extend the useful life of energy-storage battery group 6; When magnitude of voltage as CPU 4 Information Monitoring discovery energy-storage battery group 6 is less than preset value; CPU 4 sends instruction; star t-up discharge controls and under-voltage protecting circuit 3, makes it cut off the circuit of energy-storage battery group 6, prevents energy-storage battery group 6 from occurring putting and being damaged.
See Fig. 2, CPU 4 of the present invention comprises information acquisition module 42, Logic control module 41 and pulse-width modulation driver module 43; Wherein, described information acquisition module 42 is in order to gather the electrical parameters from energy-storage battery group 6 and ultracapacitor module 5, and Logic control module 41 is analyzed in order to the electrical parameters gathered described information acquisition module 41 and judges whether to send executive signal to shunting circuit, control of discharge and under-voltage protecting circuit and/or preliminary filling control circuit; Described pulse-width modulation driver module is in order to regulate the charging pulse width of preliminary filling control circuit.
See Fig. 3, information acquisition module 42 feeds back to Logic control module 41 the gathered current signal flowing through energy-storage battery group 6, carry out analysis through Logic control module 41 to judge, during as found that this current value is greater than preset value, Logic control module 41 sends instruction then to shunting circuit 1.
Shunting circuit 1 of the present invention comprises current-limiting resistance 12 and shunting drives and the first switch 11, described current-limiting resistance 12 is in series with energy-storage battery group 6, first switch 11 is in parallel with this current-limiting resistance 12, when the current value flowing through energy-storage battery group 6 is greater than preset value, first switch 11 disconnects under the Logic control module 41 of CPU 4 acts on, now, current-limiting resistance 12 and energy-storage battery group 6 are in series, again because the branch road of current-limiting resistance 12 and energy-storage battery group 6 composition and ultracapacitor module 5 are in parallel, when the resistance of energy-storage battery group 6 place branch road increases, electric current that its branch road flows through will correspondingly reduce, and then the electric current flowing through energy-storage battery group 6 is reduced, when detected current value range of normal value or exceed setting time of delay after, this first switch 11 is closed under the control action of CPU 4.
See Fig. 4, information acquisition module 42 is gathered voltage or/current signal, feed back to Logic control module 41, carry out analysis through Logic control module 41 to judge, when voltage difference as found between energy-storage battery group 6 and ultracapacitor module 5 is greater than preset value, logic control 41 just sends executive signal to pulse-width modulation drive circuit 43, after the charging pulse width of pulse-width modulation drive circuit 43 pairs of preliminary filling control circuits regulates, start preliminary filling control circuit 2 pairs of ultracapacitor modules 5 to charge, when voltage difference between energy-storage battery group 6 and ultracapacitor module 5 is less than or equal to preset value, under the control action of CPU, ultracapacitor module 5 is in parallel with energy-storage battery group 6, preliminary filling control circuit stops charging to ultracapacitor module 5.
Described control of discharge and under-voltage protecting circuit 3 comprise control switch 31; this control switch 31 is connected with described ultracapacitor module 5; as CPU 4 the magnitude of voltage of energy-storage battery group 6 that gathers to be down under the predeterminated voltage of energy-storage battery group 6 in limited time, under the effect of CPU 4 executive signal, this control switch 31 disconnects.
See Fig. 5, for ease of understanding the present invention more clearly, as one embodiment of the present of invention, as described in Figure 5, the components and parts of shunting circuit 1 of the present invention comprise: the first switch 11 and current-limiting resistance 12.When the current value flowing through energy-storage battery group 6 is greater than preset value, under CPU 4 acts on, the first switch 11 disconnects, now, current-limiting resistance 12 and energy-storage battery group 6 are in series, and energy-storage battery group 6 place branch resistance becomes large, thus the electric current flowing through energy-storage battery group 6 reduces; When detected current value range of normal value or exceed setting time of delay after, this first switch 11 is closed under the control action of CPU 4, and now, current-limiting resistance 12 is in short-circuit condition.
Preliminary filling control circuit 2 of the present invention comprises the 3rd switch 21, inductance 22 and diode 23, and the output of preliminary filling control circuit 2 is connected with second switch 24 with ultracapacitor module 5.
The control switch 31 of the control of discharge in the present embodiment and under-voltage protecting circuit 3 is same switch with the second switch 24 of preliminary filling control circuit 2, when the information that CPU gathers judges the voltage of energy-storage battery group 6 lower than preset value, CPU sends instruction, cut off this control switch 31, avoid energy-storage battery group 6 to cross and put; Equally, when because shelving for a long time, when energy-storage battery group 6 voltage is lower than preset value, control switch 31 also disconnects, and prevents energy-storage battery group 6 from continuing electric discharge.
As CPU the difference of voltage of the energy-storage battery group 6 that gathers and ultracapacitor module 5 be greater than preset value time, under the executive signal effect that CPU sends, described second switch 24 disconnects and described 3rd switch 21 is in and periodically disconnects and closed operating state.Energy-storage battery group 6 pairs of ultracapacitor modules 5 charge, and be charged to when the voltage difference of energy-storage battery group 6 and ultracapacitor module 5 is less than or equal to preset value, the 3rd switch 21 disconnects, and second switch 24 closes, and the preliminary filling stage terminates.
The control switch 31 of control of discharge of the present invention and under-voltage control circuit 3 is second switch 24 as shown in Figure 5, this second switch 24 is connected with described ultracapacitor module 5, as CPU 4 the magnitude of voltage of energy-storage battery group 6 that gathers be down to the lower voltage limit of default energy-storage battery group time, send executive signal in CPU 4 and described second switch 24 is disconnected, cut off energy-storage battery group 6 discharge loop, thus avoided energy-storage battery group 6 and discharge further.
Central control unit 4 of the present invention can be single-chip microcomputer, and this single-chip microcomputer is coupled with the pulse-width-modulation driver for regulating electric parameter, and information acquisition module 42 will be connected with transducer, with the electric parameter in circuit of measurement and control; During charging, the electric parameter that central control unit 4 collects according to the transducer be connected with information acquisition module 42, energy storage device operating state is judged, and based on the result obtained, by the pulse-width adjustment of pulse duration adjuster PWM, charging current and charging voltage are adjusted to suitable size, to carry out precharge to ultracapacitor module 5.
Above-mentioned first switch of the present invention, second switch and/or the 3rd switch are any one in following switch: electronic/mechanical switch, bipolar junction transistor, field effect transistor, igbt.
Energy-storage battery group of the present invention is that lead-acid battery group, Li-ion batteries piles are or/and fuel cell.
Just structure of the present invention is done to describe in detail to its course of work below:
When carrying out precharge to the ultracapacitor module of energy storage device of the present invention, first, periodically detected the terminal voltage of energy-storage battery group 6 and ultracapacitor module 5 by its information acquisition module 42 by central control unit 4, then, by Logic control module 41, the terminal voltage numerical value of above-mentioned collection and default charging voltage numerical value are compared, when numerical difference as the terminal voltage of this energy-storage battery group 6 and ultracapacitor module 5 is greater than preset value, second switch 24 is kept to disconnect under the executive signal effect that Logic control module 41 sends and the 3rd switch 21 is in and periodically disconnects and closed operating state.Energy-storage battery group 6 pairs of ultracapacitor modules 5 charge, and be charged to when the voltage difference of energy-storage battery group 6 and ultracapacitor module 5 is less than or equal to preset value, the 3rd switch 21 disconnects, and second switch 24 closes, and the preliminary filling stage terminates.
When energy storage device electric discharge of the present invention, first, periodically detected the terminal voltage of energy-storage battery group 6 by central control unit 4 by its information acquisition module 42, then by Logic control module 41, the terminal voltage numerical value of above-mentioned collection and the discharge voltage value preset are compared; As the terminal voltage numerical value that gathers be less than as described in the magnitude of voltage preset time, Logic control module 42 sends a signal disconnecting discharge loop to control of discharge and under-voltage protecting circuit 3, disconnects discharge loop, avoids energy-storage battery group 6 over-discharge can.
Simultaneously, central control unit 4 of the present invention also periodically detects the current value by detecting energy-storage battery group 6 in good time, then by Logic control module 41, the current value of this collection and the current value preset are compared, as the current value that gathers be greater than as described in the current value preset time, Logic control module 42 sends an executive signal to shunting circuit, energy-storage battery group 6 is shunted, prevents from causing reduce the useful life of energy-storage battery group 6 because of excessive by the electric current of energy-storage battery group 6.
Equally, energy storage device of the present invention to shelve for a long time do not use time, information acquisition module 42 in central control unit 4 also periodically can detect the terminal voltage of energy-storage battery group 6, then the terminal voltage numerical value of above-mentioned collection and the discharge voltage value preset is compared by Logic control module 41; As the terminal voltage numerical value that gathers be less than as described in the magnitude of voltage preset time; Logic control module 42 sends a signal disconnecting discharge loop to its under-voltage protecting circuit 3 of control of discharge; disconnect discharge loop, avoid energy-storage battery group over-discharge can, thus also saved electric energy.

Claims (6)

1. an energy storage device, the ultracapacitor module comprising energy-storage battery group and be connected with this energy-storage battery group, it is characterized in that, the circuit that described energy-storage battery group is connected with ultracapacitor module is provided with in order to the control device carrying out charge and discharge control to energy-storage battery group and ultracapacitor module, and described control device comprises:
One CPU, this CPU in order to gather the electric parameter of energy-storage battery group and ultracapacitor module, and by the numerical value of collection to send corresponding control command after default value;
One preliminary filling control circuit, this preliminary filling control circuit is connected with CPU, and by central processing unit controls, after the numerical value gathered compares with default value by CPU, when the voltage difference of energy-storage battery group and ultracapacitor module is greater than preset value, CPU sends control command and starts preliminary filling control circuit to ultracapacitor module charges; When the voltage difference charging to described energy-storage battery group and ultracapacitor module is less than or equal to preset value, CPU sends control command and cuts off preliminary filling control circuit;
One shunting circuit, this shunting circuit is connected with CPU, and by central processing unit controls, after the numerical value gathered compares with default value by CPU, when the current value of energy-storage battery group is greater than preset value, startup shunting circuit is shunted by CPU;
Described shunting circuit comprises the current-limiting resistance be in series with energy-storage battery group and the first switch be in parallel with this current-limiting resistance, and described first switch is connected with described CPU and disconnects under the control action of CPU or close;
Described control device also comprises: control of discharge and under-voltage protecting circuit, this control of discharge and under-voltage protecting circuit are connected with CPU, and by central processing unit controls, after the numerical value gathered compares with default value by CPU, when the magnitude of voltage of energy-storage battery group is less than preset value, star t-up discharge controls and under-voltage protecting circuit by CPU, cuts off circuit, prevents energy-storage battery group from crossing and put;
Described preliminary filling control circuit comprises the 3rd switch, inductance and diode, forms a parallel circuits again after described inductance and a capacitances in series with this diodes in parallel, and the 3rd described switch is connected with this parallel circuits and CPU; The output of described preliminary filling control circuit is connected with second switch with ultracapacitor module; As CPU the difference of voltage of the energy-storage battery group that gathers and ultracapacitor module be greater than preset value time, under the executive signal effect that CPU sends, described second switch disconnects and described 3rd switch is in and periodically disconnects and closed operating state, and energy-storage battery group is charged to ultracapacitor module; When the voltage difference of energy-storage battery group and ultracapacitor module is less than or equal to preset value, the 3rd switch disconnects and second switch closes, and preliminary filling terminates.
2. energy storage device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described CPU comprises:
One for gathering from energy-storage battery group and the voltage signal of ultracapacitor modular circuit and/or the information acquisition module of current signal;
One for analyzing the signal of above-mentioned information acquisition module collection and sending the Logic control module of corresponding instruction; And
One to be controlled by Logic control module, the pulse-width modulation driver module of regulation voltage, described pulse-width modulation driver module is in order to regulate the charging pulse width of preliminary filling control circuit.
3. energy storage device as claimed in claim 1; it is characterized in that; described control of discharge and under-voltage protecting circuit comprise control switch; this control switch is connected with described ultracapacitor module; as CPU the magnitude of voltage of energy-storage battery group that gathers to be down under the predeterminated voltage of energy-storage battery group in limited time, under the effect of CPU executive signal, this control switch disconnects.
4. energy storage device as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, described control switch is second switch.
5. energy storage device as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, described first switch, second switch and/or the 3rd switch are any one in following switch: electronic/mechanical switch, bipolar junction transistor, field effect transistor, igbt.
6. energy storage device as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, described energy-storage battery group is that lead-acid battery group, Li-ion batteries piles are or/and fuel cell.
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