CN102798457A - System and method for sensing VCSEL (Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser) based ultrahigh-speed FBG (Fiber Bragg Grating) - Google Patents
System and method for sensing VCSEL (Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser) based ultrahigh-speed FBG (Fiber Bragg Grating) Download PDFInfo
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- CN102798457A CN102798457A CN2012102964375A CN201210296437A CN102798457A CN 102798457 A CN102798457 A CN 102798457A CN 2012102964375 A CN2012102964375 A CN 2012102964375A CN 201210296437 A CN201210296437 A CN 201210296437A CN 102798457 A CN102798457 A CN 102798457A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system for sensing a VCSEL (Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser) based ultrahigh-speed FBG (Fiber Bragg Grating). The system comprises a VCSEL laser light source, a sensing probe and a photovoltaic conversion module, wherein the sensing probe comprises an inclined FBG and a cladding-fiber core energy re-coupling structure; the photovoltaic conversion module comprises a vibration information demodulating part and an attenuation reference obtaining part; an external data processing device gives a normalized output of the system. The realization method comprises the steps of: outputting high-speed periodically modulated laser to an optical fiber coupler by the LCSEL laser light source, wherein one path of optical signals are subjected to attenuation of an attenuator and photovoltaic conversion to obtain reference electric signals, and the other path of optical signals enters into an optical fiber probe to obtain reflected light signals including environment vibration information and then is subjected to the photovoltaic conversion to obtain vibration electric signals; and dividing the reference electric signals by the vibration electric signals to obtain the normalized output of the sensing system. The system and method for sensing VCSEL based ultrahigh-speed FBG, disclosed by the invention, have the advantages of ultrahigh-speed (higher than MHz) and high-sensitivity (superior to 15 dB) vibration sensing, high system integration level, low cost (no need of filtering), normalized output for removing temperature change influence and high stability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to hypervelocity Research on Sensing field, particularly a kind of ultra high speed optical fiber grating sensor-based system based on VCSEL (Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser, vertical cavity surface emitting laser).
Background technology
The hypervelocity sensing technology detects (geologic prospecting, petroleum industry etc.), transient state deformation and shock wave analysis fields such as (locomotive traffic safety, military weapon tests etc.) at seismic event and has extremely important application demand.Optical fiber sensing technology with characteristics such as little, highly sensitive, the anti-electromagnetic interference (EMI) of its volume, in light weight, suitable remote monitoring, obtains application more and more widely at the hypervelocity sensory field.
Because natural compatibility between fiber grating and the optical fiber; Be easy to a plurality of fiber gratings are connected on the optical fiber and constitute optical fiber optical grating array; Realize quasi-distributed sensing; In addition transducing signal own is a wavelength-modulated, and measuring-signal does not receive the characteristics that light source rises and falls, bending loss of optical fiber is not influenced by light source power fluctuation and system loss, so fiber grating has caused the relevant scholars' in countries in the world extensive concern and very big interest in the application of sensory field.Existing fiber grating sensing system is usually based on Wavelength demodulation, and demodulation method is of a great variety, but the slow and system expensive of its demodulation speed in general is not suitable for extensive popularization, particularly the high speed Application in Sensing.Meanwhile; Usually use wideband light source in the sensor-based system, its advantage is in the scope of tens nanometers, to provide the level and smooth spectrum in broadband to export, but its average output energy is lower; Directly influence the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of sensor restituted signal subsequently, and then reduced sensor accuracy.
For example; The most widely used fiber grating sensing demodulation mode be people such as S.M.Melle report based on passive Wavelength demodulation system realize to fiber-optic grating sensor dynamically; " A passive wavelength demodulation system for guided-wave Bragg grating sensors, " IEEE Photon.Technol.Lett., vol.4; P.516,1992.This method is a broadband optics with the spontaneous emission spectrum that pump light excites erbium optical fiber to produce; The fiber Bragg grating reflected signal wavelength change is through tuning method Fabry-Perot-type (F-P) chamber demodulation; Its highest demodulation speed is lower than 1KHz, and exists repetition stability to be prone to problems such as temperature influence and demodulation cost height.
In recent years, the optical fiber grating regulating system based on array optical waveguide arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) becomes the research focus.For example; 2010; Honglei Guo, people such as Gaozhi Xiao have reported based on chip type piezoelectricity control AWG length scanning formula fiber grating demodulation method, " Wavelength Interrogator Based on Closed-Loop Piezo-Electrically Scanned Space-to-Wavelength Mapping of an Arrayed Waveguide Grating " IEEE J.Lightwave Technol.; Vol.28; P.2654,2010. the method have wavelength scanning range wide be easy to the characteristics of the system integration, but it belongs to the scanning demodulation of sectional type wavelength interval in essence; Through two interchannel energy proportion algorithm computation optical grating reflection wavelength, can't realize the high-speed real-time demodulation.
Therefore, propose a kind of real-time demodulation of hypervelocity and fiber grating sensing system with low cost can realized and have realistic meaning.
Summary of the invention
The shortcoming that fundamental purpose of the present invention is to overcome prior art is with not enough; A kind of ultra high speed optical fiber grating sensor-based system based on VCSEL is provided; This system have signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) high with need not narrow-band filtering advantages such as (or matched filterings), and compact conformation, with low cost, demodulation speed is fast, precision is high.The present invention also provides a kind of method for sensing based on above-mentioned ultra high speed optical fiber grating sensor-based system, and this method demodulation speed is fast, and sensing accuracy is high.
The present invention realizes through following technical scheme: a kind of ultra high speed optical fiber grating sensor-based system based on VCSEL; Comprise VCSEL LASER Light Source, sensing probe and photoelectric conversion module, said VCSEL LASER Light Source, sensing probe and photoelectric conversion module three are connected through optical fiber circulator or coupling mechanism; Said VCSEL LASER Light Source is driven by current driving device; Said sensing probe comprises supporting member, shell, polymer elasticity pipe, fibre-optical probe and optic fibre wire; Said fibre-optical probe comprises inclined optical fiber grating and cladding-to-core energy coupled structure again; The said polymer elasticity pipe outside is by the shell protection, and polymer elasticity Guan Yiduan is fixed on the supporting member, the unsettled sense vibrations of the other end; Fibre-optical probe is encapsulated in the polymer elasticity pipe, and links to each other with optical fiber circulator or coupling mechanism through optic fibre wire; Said photoelectric conversion module is divided into two parts; First comprises first photodetector; The reflected light signal that is used for comprising ambient vibration information converts the vibration electric signal into, and second portion comprises second photodetector and attenuator, and attenuator is used for the attenuated optical signal certain ratio of periodic modulation laser behind fiber coupler with the output of VCSEL LASER Light Source; Obtain baseline optical signal, second photodetector is used for converting baseline optical signal into reference electrical signal; Photoelectric conversion module is connected with external data processing device, and data processing equipment is used for normalization and calculates reference electrical signal and vibration electric signal, obtains the output valve of sensor-based system.Adopting the VCSEL LASER Light Source to replace traditional BBS wideband light source among the present invention has the following advantages: the decision of VCSEL LASER Light Source output optical signals drive current; When the driving of VCSEL in certain range of current during with certain frequency (for example 10kHz) even variation; VCSEL LASER Light Source Output optical power is than the high 15db of traditional B BS wideband light source; And the output spectrum bandwidth is about 1 ~ 2nm, and output spectrum is matched with in the required spectral range of test.Because above characteristic makes the hypervelocity optical fiber vibration sensing system of VCSEL compare with the wideband light source optical fiber sensing system, have the advantage that the transducing signal signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is high, demodulation sensitivity is high and need not to introduce wave filter.
Preferably, said cladding-to-core energy again coupled structure adopt the dislocation burning-on method to process.Adopt this job operation can be used in coupling and get into fiber core once more by the low order cladding mode that is in reverse to the incident light transmission that inclined optical fiber grating excites; Thereby obtain reflecting the cladding mode energy changing of fiber-optic vibration information, realize that the vibration high-sensitivity real-time detects.This optical fiber job operation has making and simply, does not reduce advantages such as mechanical fiber optic intensity, vibration information are obtained directly, sensitivity height.
Further, said cladding-to-core energy is when coupled structure adopts the dislocation burning-on method to process again, and the transversion malposition of covering and fibre core is controlled at 2 ~ 4um, and wherein fibre core diameter is 125um in 8 ~ 10um, cladding diameter.Adopt this transversion malposition welding mode can either guarantee sufficient cladding mode-core mode coupling channel, can avoid introducing excessive splice loss, splice attenuation again.
Because cladding mode loss before getting into fiber core is bigger, the weld that therefore misplaces is as far as possible near inclined optical fiber grating, and typical pitch is 2 ~ 5mm.Size can be less than 10mm for whole sensing probe (promptly comprising dislocation weld and inclined optical fiber grating).
As preferred version; Said inclined optical fiber grating adopts oblique raster; The grating slope angle is 1 ~ 3 degree, and this inclination angle scope guarantees that promptly sufficient rudimentary covering mode excitation is used to provide vibration information, has stronger fibre core reflection mould to be used to provide ambient temperature information and light intensity calibration simultaneously again.
The polymer elasticity pipe requires to have higher elastic returning property and physical strength, for example high resiliency polythene material.
Solidify through light-sensitive emulsion in space between polymer elasticity pipe and the internal optical fiber, and for example epoxy acrylic ester gum etc. is passed to the internal optical fiber grating fast and effectively in order to the strain of enhance elasticity pipe, improves the strain consistance.
The principle of work of sensing probe is: more traditional bragg grating only reflect core mode working method (the light wave pattern of in fiber core, transmitting) different be; Inclined optical fiber grating is because the introducing of grating slope angle, in the reflection core mode after to exciting a large amount of cladding modes (can in the light wave pattern of fibre cladding transmission).Usually, these backs can only be transmitted in fibre cladding to cladding modes of transmission, and are attenuated (the fibre cladding energy attenuation is bigger) very soon.Through adopting cladding-to-core energy that the dislocation burning-on method processes coupled structure again, can be coupled into fiber core effectively again to the cladding mode that transmits in the back, and then transfer to the far-end detection system through low-loss fiber core.Because the cladding-to-core coupling energy is sensitive to fiber optic microbend or fiber-optic vibration (the cladding mode energy changing is proportional to the fiber-optic vibration amplitude) very much, therefore, can real-time monitoring vibration frequency information through surveying the back to the cladding mode energy changing.Meanwhile, oblique raster core mode reflected energy does not change with fiber optic microbend, can effectively eliminate the light intensity shake that light source and transmission system are introduced, and temperature information is provided.
Another object of the present invention realizes through following technical scheme: a kind of ultra high speed optical fiber grating method for sensing based on VCSEL; VCSEL LASER Light Source output periodic modulation laser is to fiber coupler or circulator, and wherein one road light signal obtains reference electrical signal through attenuator decay, photodetector after changing; Another road light signal gets into sensing probe; At the ambient vibration information function during in sensing probe; Inclined optical fiber grating in the sensing probe is realized effectively exciting of forward conduction core mode reverse conduction cladding mode, and sensor fibre inner cladding pattern effectively is coupled into upper reaches single-mode fiber fibre core; Through behind fiber coupler or the circulator, the reflected light signal that will comprise ambient vibration information converts the vibration electric signal into by photodetector once more; The normalized value that the vibration electric signal is obtained divided by reference electrical signal is as the output valve of sensor-based system.
In practical application, also can obtain vibration output through selecting the sampling of suitable SF, calculate the information such as frequency, amplitude, acceleration of vibration.
The present invention compared with prior art has following advantage and beneficial effect:
1, more traditional electrical sensor, but have little, in light weight, highly sensitive, the anti-electromagnetic interference (EMI) multipoint multiplexing of volume, be fit to advantage such as remote monitoring based on the technology of full Fibre Optical Sensor.
2, than Wavelength demodulation type optical fiber demodulating system; The present invention has demodulation speed fast (can reach MHz), demodulation cost low (need not wave filter), light source and the high advantages such as (modular designs) of demodulating system integrated level, is more suitable for the practical application of Action of Superhigh Frequency Vibration sensing.
3, than the conventional broadband light sources optical fiber sensing system; Has the advantage that advantages of small volume (modular design), cost are low, light source output has the peak power height, the bandwidth arrowband is adjustable based on the sensor-based system of VCSEL light source; Its transducing signal noise is superior to conventional broadband light sources (high 15dB), and then greatly improves transducer sensitivity.
4, more traditional bragg grating probe, the present invention adopts has the inclined optical fiber grating that cladding mode excites, and introduces the dislocation welding process and effectively obtain the cladding mode energy, and the realization high-sensitivity vibration is measured.This method obtains two groups of independence energy of reflection light through a fibre-optical probe: one group is used to obtain vibration information (being cladding mode coupling energy again); Another group is used for variation of ambient temperature, light source shake equal error calibration (being the core mode energy), and therefore probe can provide many reference amounts, more stable heat transfer agent.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of sensing probe in apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the spectrogram of VCSEL LASER Light Source under the different driving current amplitude;
Fig. 4 is the spectrogram of VCSEL LASER Light Source under the different driving power frequency;
Fig. 5 is a reference electrical signal and the fluctuation synoptic diagram that vibrates electric signal among the embodiment 1;
Fig. 6 is the synoptic diagram after embodiment 1 output signal is sampled.
Among Fig. 1-2: 1-current driving device; 2-VCSEL LASER Light Source; 3-fiber coupler; 4-sensing probe; 5-the first photodetector; 6-attenuator; 7-the second photodetector; 8-data processing equipment; 41-inclined optical fiber grating; 42-cladding-to-core energy is coupled structure again; 43-polymer elasticity pipe; 44-supporting member; 45-shell; 46-optic fibre wire.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto.
As shown in Figure 1; A kind of ultra high speed optical fiber grating sensor-based system of present embodiment based on VCSEL; Comprise VCSEL LASER Light Source 2, sensing probe 4 and photoelectric conversion module, said VCSEL LASER Light Source 2, sensing probe 4 are connected through fiber coupler 3 with the photoelectric conversion module three.In practical application, also can replace with optical fiber circulator.Said VCSEL LASER Light Source 2 is driven by current driving device 1.Said photoelectric conversion module is divided into two parts; First comprises first photodetector 5; The reflected light signal that is used for comprising ambient vibration information converts the vibration electric signal into, and second portion comprises second photodetector 7 and attenuator 6, and attenuator 6 is used for the attenuated optical signal certain ratio of periodic modulation laser behind fiber coupler 3 with 2 outputs of VCSEL LASER Light Source; Obtain baseline optical signal, second photodetector 7 is used for converting baseline optical signal into reference electrical signal; Photoelectric conversion module is connected with external data processing device 8, and data processing equipment 8 is used for normalization and calculates reference electrical signal and vibration electric signal, obtains the output valve of sensor-based system.
As shown in Figure 2; Sensing probe 4 comprises supporting member 44, shell 45, polymer elasticity pipe 43, fibre-optical probe and optic fibre wire 46, and said fibre-optical probe comprises inclined optical fiber grating 41 and cladding-to-core energy coupled structure 42 again, and said polymer elasticity pipe 43 outsides are by shell 45 protections; Polymer elasticity pipe 43 1 ends are fixed on the supporting member 44; The unsettled sense vibrations of the other end, fibre-optical probe is encapsulated in the polymer elasticity pipe 43, and links to each other with fiber coupler 3 through optic fibre wire 46.
The advantage that adopts the traditional BBS wideband light source of VCSEL LASER Light Source replacement to be had in the present embodiment is described according to Fig. 3 and 4.The 2 output optical signals drive current decisions of VCSEL LASER Light Source, current driving device 1 is adjusted the sweep speed and the sweep bandwidth of VCSEL output laser flexibly through drive current frequency and changes in amplitude for VCSEL LASER Light Source 2.As shown in Figure 3; When the driving of VCSEL in certain range of current during with the frequency even variation of 10kHz; And as shown in Figure 4, when the driving of VCSEL in certain frequency range during with the electric current even variation of 7mA, the LASER Light Source Output optical power is than the high 15db of traditional B BS wideband light source; And the output spectrum bandwidth is about 1 ~ 2nm, and output spectrum is matched with in the required spectral range of test.Because above characteristic makes the hypervelocity optical fiber vibration sensing system of VCSEL compare with the wideband light source optical fiber sensing system, have the advantage that the transducing signal signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is high, demodulation sensitivity is high and need not to introduce wave filter.
In the present embodiment cladding-to-core energy again coupled structure 42 adopt the dislocation burning-on methods to process, and the transversion malposition of covering and fibre core is controlled at 2 ~ 4um, wherein fibre core diameter in 8 ~ 10um, cladding diameter at 125um.Adopt this transversion malposition welding mode can either guarantee sufficient cladding mode-core mode coupling channel, can avoid introducing excessive splice loss, splice attenuation again.The dislocation weld is as far as possible near inclined optical fiber grating 41, and typical pitch is 2 ~ 5mm.Whole sensing probe 4 (promptly comprising dislocation weld and inclined optical fiber grating 41) size is less than 10mm.
Present embodiment medium dip fiber grating 41 adopts oblique raster; The grating slope angle is the 1-3 degree; This inclination angle scope guarantees that promptly sufficient rudimentary covering mode excitation is used to provide vibration information, has stronger fibre core reflection mould to be used to provide ambient temperature information and light intensity calibration simultaneously again.
A kind of ultra high speed optical fiber grating sensor-based system based on VCSEL in the present embodiment adopts following method for sensing; VCSEL LASER Light Source 2 output periodic modulation laser are to fiber coupler 3; Wherein one road light signal obtains reference electrical signal through attenuator 6 decay, second photodetector 7 after changing, shown in the PD2 signal among Fig. 5.Another road light signal gets into sensing probe 4; Comprise inclined optical fiber grating 41 in the sensing probe 4; Ambient vibration information (amplitude, frequency and direction etc.) will act on the inclined optical fiber grating probe; Utilize inclined optical fiber grating can realize effectively exciting of forward conduction core mode reverse conduction cladding mode, it excites write the character that vector mask have extremely strong polarization dependence of cladding mode with respect to inclined optical fiber grating; Adopt the dislocation burning-on method, sensor fibre inner cladding pattern effectively is coupled into upper reaches single-mode fiber fibre core; Through behind the fiber coupler 3, the reflected light signal that will comprise ambient vibration information converts the vibration electric signal into by first photodetector 5, shown in the PD1 signal among Fig. 5 once more.The normalized value that vibration electric signal PD1 is obtained divided by reference electrical signal PD2 is as the output valve of sensor-based system; These output valves are sampled; It is as shown in Figure 6 to obtain sensor-based system output synoptic diagram at last, simultaneously, also can further calculate the vibration frequency of fibre-optical probe according to this figure.
The foregoing description is a preferred implementation of the present invention; But embodiment of the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; Other any do not deviate from change, the modification done under spirit of the present invention and the principle, substitutes, combination, simplify; All should be the substitute mode of equivalence, be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. ultra high speed optical fiber grating sensor-based system based on VCSEL; It is characterized in that; Comprise VCSEL LASER Light Source, sensing probe and photoelectric conversion module, said VCSEL LASER Light Source, sensing probe and photoelectric conversion module three are connected through optical fiber circulator or coupling mechanism; Said VCSEL LASER Light Source is driven by current driving device; Said sensing probe comprises supporting member, shell, polymer elasticity pipe, fibre-optical probe and optic fibre wire; Said fibre-optical probe comprises inclined optical fiber grating and cladding-to-core energy coupled structure again; The said polymer elasticity pipe outside is by the shell protection, and polymer elasticity Guan Yiduan is fixed on the supporting member, the unsettled sense vibrations of the other end; Fibre-optical probe is encapsulated in the polymer elasticity pipe, and links to each other with optical fiber circulator or coupling mechanism through optic fibre wire; Said photoelectric conversion module is divided into two parts; First comprises first photodetector; The reflected light signal that is used for comprising ambient vibration information converts the vibration electric signal into, and second portion comprises second photodetector and attenuator, and attenuator is used for the attenuated optical signal certain ratio of periodic modulation laser behind fiber coupler with the output of VCSEL LASER Light Source; Obtain baseline optical signal, second photodetector is used for converting baseline optical signal into reference electrical signal; Photoelectric conversion module is connected with external data processing device, and data processing equipment is used for normalization and calculates reference electrical signal and vibration electric signal, obtains the output valve of sensor-based system.
2. the ultra high speed optical fiber grating sensor-based system based on VCSEL according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said cladding-to-core energy coupled structure again adopts the dislocation burning-on method to process.
3. the ultra high speed optical fiber grating sensor-based system based on VCSEL according to claim 2; It is characterized in that; Said cladding-to-core energy is when coupled structure adopts the dislocation burning-on method to process again; The transversion malposition of covering and fibre core is controlled at 2 ~ 4um, and wherein fibre core diameter is between 8 ~ 10um, and cladding diameter is 125um.
4. the ultra high speed optical fiber grating sensor-based system based on VCSEL according to claim 3 is characterized in that, the spacing between dislocation weld and the inclined optical fiber grating is 2 ~ 5mm.
5. the ultra high speed optical fiber grating sensor-based system based on VCSEL according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said inclined optical fiber grating adopts oblique raster, and the grating slope angle is the 1-3 degree.
6. the ultra high speed optical fiber grating sensor-based system based on VCSEL according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the polymer elasticity pipe adopts the high resiliency polythene material.
7. the ultra high speed optical fiber grating sensor-based system based on VCSEL according to claim 1 is characterized in that, solidify through light-sensitive emulsion in the space between polymer elasticity pipe and the internal optical fiber.
8. the ultra high speed optical fiber grating sensor-based system based on VCSEL according to claim 1 is characterized in that said light-sensitive emulsion specifically is meant the epoxy acrylic ester gum.
9. method for sensing based on each described ultra high speed optical fiber grating sensor-based system based on VCSEL of claim 1-8; It is characterized in that; VCSEL LASER Light Source output periodic modulation laser is to fiber coupler or circulator, and wherein one road light signal obtains reference electrical signal through attenuator decay, photodetector after changing; Another road light signal gets into sensing probe; At the ambient vibration information function during in sensing probe; Inclined optical fiber grating in the sensing probe is realized effectively exciting of forward conduction core mode reverse conduction cladding mode, and sensor fibre inner cladding pattern effectively is coupled into upper reaches single-mode fiber fibre core; Through behind fiber coupler or the circulator, the reflected light signal that will comprise ambient vibration information converts the vibration electric signal into by photodetector once more; The normalized value that the vibration electric signal is obtained divided by reference electrical signal is as the output valve of sensor-based system.
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| CN103017687A (en) * | 2012-12-06 | 2013-04-03 | 暨南大学 | Orthogonal polarization fiber bragg grating vector torsion sensing device and detection method thereof |
| CN103017886A (en) * | 2012-12-03 | 2013-04-03 | 暨南大学 | Polarization-maintaining fiber grating two-dimensional vector vibration sensor |
| CN103033489A (en) * | 2012-12-14 | 2013-04-10 | 中国计量学院 | PH value sensor based on tilted fiber Bragg grating girdle amplification welding technology |
| CN103604777A (en) * | 2013-12-02 | 2014-02-26 | 暨南大学 | Orthogonal polarization optical fiber biological refractive index sensor and detecting method thereof |
| CN105115533A (en) * | 2015-07-30 | 2015-12-02 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十一研究所 | Fiber grating demodulator calibration transfer member and calibration method |
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| CN108844919B (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2020-11-13 | 暨南大学 | Cladding reflection type inclined fiber grating refractive index sensor and manufacturing and measuring methods thereof |
| RU2700736C1 (en) * | 2018-08-21 | 2019-09-19 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт радиотехники и электроники им. В.А. Котельникова Российской академии наук | Device and method of measuring spectral characteristics of fiber-optic bragg gratings |
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