CN102797050A - Melt spinning method for high-strength high-modulus polyvinyl alcohol fiber - Google Patents
Melt spinning method for high-strength high-modulus polyvinyl alcohol fiber Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a melt spinning method for a high-strength high-modulus polyvinyl alcohol fiber, comprising the following steps: uniformly mixing polyvinyl alcohol, water and an amide compound, and then, sufficiently swelling; adding the sufficiently swelled polyvinyl alcohol into a twin screw extruder, sufficiently melting, then extruding, and cooling the melt trickle through air blowing to form a nascent fiber; and drying the prepared nascent fiber through a hot-air oven, and then carrying out multistage stretching and tension heat setting to form the polyvinyl alcohol fiber. By using the preparation method of the polyvinyl alcohol fiber provided by the invention, melt spinning and high stretching of the polyvinyl alcohol are realized through hydrogen bond compounding among molecules of the water, the amide compound and the polyvinyl alcohol, and the prepared polyvinyl alcohol fiber has excellent mechanical property; and the melt spinning method is simple in production process, little in environment pollution and low in production cost; and the polyvinyl alcohol fiber prepared by using the method has the advantages of controllable fineness, high strength and high modulus so as to be widely applied to the field of civil engineering concrete.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of melt spinning method of high strength high modulus polyvinyl alcohol fiber; Particularly relate to a kind of preparation method who is used for the high-strength high-modulus polyethylene alcohol coarse denier fiber of civil engineering, specifically a kind of melt-spinning preparation method of high-strength high-modulus polyethylene alcohol (PVA) coarse denier fiber.
Background technology
Shortcomings such as concrete tensile property is poor in order to improve, performance of resisting cracking and ductility difference to improve the research of concrete performance, develop quite rapidly to admixture synthetic fiber in concrete.At present research is more has polypropylene fibre, polyethylene fiber, nylon fiber, polyester fiber, carbon fiber, aramid fiber, vinal etc.Wherein high because of its cheap, chemical corrosion resistance with the polypropylene monofilament fiber; And the source is comparatively being widely applied more extensively thereby at present again on the market, but its defective be polypropylene itself hydrophobicity can not with the more firm bond stress of cement matrix material formation; Polyethylene fiber, thus nylon fiber and polyester fiber are because the defective of aspect such as not outstanding, corrosion-resistant and weatherability makes its application exist limitation to the enhancing toughening effect of cement concrete; Carbon fiber and aramid fiber are owing to itself have the characteristics of high-strength and high-modulus amount; Can obviously give performances such as strengthening concrete anti-impact, resistance to compression and anticracking; But owing to have defective on the production technology of carbon fiber and aramid fiber; Use cost is high, is therefore seldom utilizing carbon fiber and aramid fiber to be applied to concrete enhancing field on the market; The price of vinal is low, density is little, cohesive force is high, good dispersion, be easy to stir; Compare with other synthetic fiber, vinal good hydrophilic property, elastic modelling quantity are high, and have high-specific surface area, and be good with the cement concrete compatibility, is applicable to the cement of various grades, and reinforced effects is obvious.In addition; Its light resistance and alkali resistance might as well, have excellent chemical stability, add consumption little (consumption be merely asbestos 1/5); And be acknowledged as the material of the most rising replacement asbestos, therefore more next and extensive to polyvinyl alcohol at present in concrete application and research.
Because polyvinyl alcohol is a crystalline polymer, contains great amount of hydroxy group in the molecule, can form in a large amount of molecules and intermolecular hydrogen bonding; Make its fusing point up to 220～240 ℃, but its decomposition temperature is very low, 160 ℃ promptly begin the etherificate of dewatering; 200 ℃ begin to decompose, are difficult to melt-processed.Therefore polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber of market is owing to adopt wet-formed technology; But the two-way mass transport process of wet spinning makes the vinal structure inhomogeneous; The cross section is kidney shape, and tangible skin-core structure is arranged, and can't bear super drawing; And can not reach the thick dawn standard of the fortifying fibre that civil engineering uses, cause dispersiveness and the reinforced effects of fiber in concrete bad.
In order to solve the variety of problems that wet spinning occurs; Improve the intensity of vinal and the thick dawnization of modulus and realization polyvinyl alcohol; Both at home and abroad based on having made big quantity research on the wet production mode: dry-wet spinning (Hu Shaohua " polyvinyl communication " the 1st phase in 1997, JPH07-207521); Boron crosslinking spinning (ZL981013643, JPH10-046428); Gel spinning methods such as (JP1987-90308, JP1989-77614, CN1092120A) prepares the PVA as-spun fibre of even structure, and is aided with zone stretching, multistage superelevation stretching etc., prepares high-quality vinal.But said method is realizing still having defective aspect the thick dawnization because all based on wet production, and great majority adopt high polymerization degree PVA, and additive is complicated, needs follow-up extraction process, and production cost is high, and environmental pollution is big.
Because fiberizing only relates to the cooling of polymer melt in the melt spinning, thing is formed variation, has only the variation of geometry and physical state, and technological process is short, three-waste free pollution, and it is high to spin speed, is a kind of mode of production efficiently.And shrink during the melt-spinning fiber moulding for a short time, the fibre section uniformity is high, can impose super drawing, thereby improves fibre property.If can realize the melt spinning of PVA, will solve that wet spinning exists can't production high-performance coarse denier fiber and remove operation and pollution problem such as solvent, have characteristics such as simple, efficient, economy, environmental protection.Therefore in order to realize the thick dawnization of vinal; In MELT SPINNING OF POLYVINYLALCOHOL research certain achievement in research is arranged also: Chinese patent CN101899722A carries out swelling through water to polyvinyl alcohol; Through extruding after single screw rod dissolving; Solidify formation polyvinyl alcohol coarse denier fiber through freezing liquid, become silk to make the technological process of production long but exist, the shortcoming that cost is bigger through coagulating bath; Plasticising melt spinning coarse denier fiber sees the disclosed Granted publication of Chinese invention patent number " a kind of method for preparing high performance polyvinyl alcohel fiber " for CN1786302A for details; Form the intermolecular compound melt spinning that carries out through adding micromolecule modifier and polyvinyl alcohol; But exist micromolecule additive of a great variety; Extraction is complicated, the shortcoming that cost is higher.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention will solve is to provide a kind of water and amides compound to carry out the method that the plasticising melt-spinning technology prepares vinal.The production technology of this method is simple, and environmental pollution is little, and production cost is low.Adopt that the vinal of this method preparation has that fiber number is controlled, the advantage of high strength, high-modulus, can be widely used in the civil engineering concrete field.
In order to solve technical problem recited above, the present invention takes following technical scheme:
The invention provides a kind of melt spinning method of high strength high modulus polyvinyl alcohol fiber, specifically may further comprise the steps:
A kind of melt spinning method of high strength high modulus polyvinyl alcohol fiber is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) swelling;
Raw material is pva powder or pellet, is plasticizer with water, adds amides compound, fully swelling; Wherein polyvinyl alcohol polymerizable raw material degree is 800～2600, and alcoholysis degree is 60%～99%, and the weight ratio of polyvinyl alcohol, water and amides compound is 1: 0.3～1.5: 0.05～0.2;
(2) melt spinning;
Polyvinyl alcohol that swelling is good adds screw extruder, fully after the fusion, sprays through filament spinning component and from the aperture is the spinnerets of 0.1～2mm, and the melt thread obtains the polyvinyl alcohol as-spun fibre through the blowing cooling; Wherein screw rod is respectively distinguished temperature and is: 80～170 ℃ of 70～120 ℃ of feed zones, 90～170 ℃ of compression sections and metering sections, and 90～170 ℃ of filament spinning component temperature, 80～150 ℃ of spinnerets temperature, nascent silk spinning speed is 10～200m/min;
(3) dry drawing and setting;
The polyvinyl alcohol as-spun fibre that the last step was made is after 80～180 ℃ the hot-air oven drying, to carry out 1～3 grade of stretching through temperature, is to carry out nervous HEAT SETTING under 110～220 ℃ to process vinal in temperature; Vinal fracture strength >=the 8cN/dtex that is obtained, fiber number >=10D, modulus reaches >=25GPa.
The melt spinning method of aforesaid a kind of high strength high modulus polyvinyl alcohol fiber, described amides compound comprises acrylamide, caprolactam, N, dinethylformamide, stearic amide or long chain fatty acids amides.
The melt spinning method of aforesaid a kind of high strength high modulus polyvinyl alcohol fiber, described abundant swelling carry out swelling 40min～4h at 20～60 ℃ after being meant abundant mixing.
The melt spinning method of aforesaid a kind of high strength high modulus polyvinyl alcohol fiber, described screw extruder are water vapor seal type double screw extruder.
The melt spinning method of aforesaid a kind of high strength high modulus polyvinyl alcohol fiber, the twin-screw screwing element of described water vapor seal type double screw extruder have at least screwing element I, screwing element II and screwing element III to combine for three kinds; Compound mode comprises at least: be followed successively by at least one circulation of screwing element I, screwing element II and screwing element III, and after said circulation, meet screwing element I again; Perhaps compound mode comprises screwing element I, connects at least one circulation of screwing element II and screwing element III afterwards, and after said circulation, meets screwing element I again.
The melt spinning method of aforesaid a kind of high strength high modulus polyvinyl alcohol fiber, relation: h below described screwing element I, screwing element II and screwing element III satisfy
2S
2＜h
1S
1＜h
3S
3D '
3＜D '
1＜D '
2Wherein said h
1Be the spiral groove depth of screwing element I, S
1Be the flight pitch of screwing element I, D '
1Screw rod root footpath for screwing element I; h
2Be the spiral groove depth of screwing element II, S
2Be the flight pitch of screwing element II, D '
2Screw rod root footpath for screwing element II; h
3Be the spiral groove depth of screwing element III, S
3The flight pitch of screwing element III, D '
3Screw rod root footpath for screwing element III.
The melt spinning method of aforesaid a kind of high strength high modulus polyvinyl alcohol fiber, described screw flight element important technological parameters is following:
Screwing element I
Screw rod root footpath D
01>=15mm, spiral groove depth h
1>=15mm, flight pitch S
1>=10mm, spiral shell rib width B
1>=10mm;
Wherein, 0.3D
01≤h
1≤0.6D
01, B
1≤S
1
Screwing element II
Screw rod root footpath D
02>=20mm, spiral groove depth h
2>=10mm, flight pitch S
2>=5mm, spiral shell rib width B
2>=5mm;
Wherein, 0.1D
02≤h
2≤0.3D
02, B
2≤S
2
Screwing element III
Screw rod root footpath D
03>=10mm, spiral groove depth h
3>=20mm, flight pitch S
3>=10mm, spiral shell rib width: B
3>=10mm;
Wherein, 0.6D
03≤h
3≤2D
03, B
3≤S
3
The melt spinning method of aforesaid a kind of high strength high modulus polyvinyl alcohol fiber, the mode of said blowing cooling are that lateral blowing, ring blowing or center ring blow.
The melt spinning method of aforesaid a kind of high strength high modulus polyvinyl alcohol fiber, described 1～3 grade of stretching is respectively: when adopting 1 grade to stretch, carry out 5～10 times of draw ratios at 150～190 ℃; When adopting 2 grades to stretch, carry out at 120～150 ℃ and 150～200 ℃ respectively, total draw ratio is 8～15 times; When adopting 3 grades to stretch, carry out at 90～120 ℃, 120～170 ℃ and 170～220 ℃ respectively, total draw ratio is 10～20 times.
Aforesaid nervous HEAT SETTING is meant is carrying out nervous HEAT SETTING with the fiber behind the said drawn at 110～220 ℃ under the tension force effect, heat-setting time 0.2～6 minute.Fiber is heat-treated, eliminate stress, the strain of accumulating in the vinal, make size, the processing technology of form stable.
The melt spinning method of aforesaid a kind of high strength high modulus polyvinyl alcohol fiber; The vinal that finally makes is cut into certain length according to different needs; General staple fiber ppd is 5mm～50mm, and the polyvinyl alcohol staple fibre that makes can be used as the enhancing toughening material and is widely used in the civil engineering.
Beneficial effect:
The present invention prepares the vinal of high-strength and high-modulus through melt spinning method, has the following advantages: carry out plasticising and realize MELT SPINNING OF POLYVINYLALCOHOL and super drawing through adding water and amides compound, need not ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene alcohol; Prepare high-performance fiber from the general purpose grade polyvinyl alcohol; Do not need coagulating bath, only remove the plasticizer water of polyvinyl alcohol through unidirectional mass transfer, regulation and control vinal composition, hydrogen bond and oriented crystalline structure prepare high performance polyvinyl alcohel fiber; Fiber through super-dry, many times stretch and the nervous HEAT SETTING of high temperature after; Obtain the fiber of high strength, modulus, remedy the defective of prior art and commercially available prod, satisfy civil engineering and be used for needs such as concrete toughness reinforcing, cracking resistance; And technology is simple, economy, environmental protection, is easy to realize suitability for industrialized production.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the specific embodiment, further set forth the present invention.Should be understood that these embodiment only to be used to the present invention is described and be not used in the restriction scope of the present invention.Should be understood that in addition those skilled in the art can do various changes or modification to the present invention after the content of having read the present invention's instruction, these equivalent form of values fall within the application's appended claims institute restricted portion equally.
Embodiment 1
A kind of melt spinning method of high strength high modulus polyvinyl alcohol fiber may further comprise the steps:
(1) swelling;
Raw material is the pva powder or the pellet of the degree of polymerization 800, alcoholysis degree 60%, is plasticizer with water, fully mixes the back and carries out swelling 4h at 20 ℃; The weight ratio of polyvinyl alcohol, water and acrylamide is 1: 0.3: 0.05;
(2) melt spinning;
Polyvinyl alcohol that swelling is good adds double screw extruder, fully after the fusion, sprays through filament spinning component and from the aperture is the spinnerets of 0.1mm, and the melt thread obtains the polyvinyl alcohol as-spun fibre through the lateral blowing cooling; Wherein screw rod is respectively distinguished temperature and is: 80 ℃ of 70 ℃ of feed zones, 90 ℃ of compression sections and metering sections, and 90 ℃ of filament spinning component temperature, 80 ℃ of spinnerets temperature, nascent silk spinning speed is 10m/min;
(3) dry drawing and setting;
The polyvinyl alcohol as-spun fibre that the last step was made is after 80 ℃ the hot-air oven drying, to carry out 1 grade of stretching at 150 ℃ through temperature, and 5 times of draw ratios are to carry out nervous HEAT SETTING under 110 ℃ to process the vinal that fiber number is 10D in 0.2 minute in temperature; The vinal fracture strength 8cN/dtex that is obtained, modulus reaches 25GPa.
Embodiment 2
A kind of melt spinning method of high strength high modulus polyvinyl alcohol fiber may further comprise the steps:
(1) swelling;
Raw material is the pva powder or the pellet of the degree of polymerization 2600, alcoholysis degree 99%, is plasticizer with water, fully mixes the back and carries out swelling 40min at 60 ℃; The weight ratio of polyvinyl alcohol, water and caprolactam is 1: 1.5: 0.2;
(2) melt spinning;
The polyvinyl alcohol that swelling is good adds water vapor seal type double screw extruder; The compound mode of the twin-screw screwing element of described water vapor seal type double screw extruder is followed successively by two circulations of screwing element I, screwing element II and screwing element III, and after said circulation, meets screwing element I again; The important technological parameters of the screwing element of water vapor seal type double screw extruder is: among the screwing element I, and screw rod root footpath D
01=15mm, spiral groove depth h
1=15mm, flight pitch S
1=10mm, spiral shell rib width B
1=10mm, 0.3D
01=h
1=0.6D
01, B
1=S
1Among the screwing element II, screw rod root footpath D
02=20mm, spiral groove depth h
2=10mm, flight pitch S
2=5mm, spiral shell rib width B
2=5mm, 0.1D
02=h
2=0.3D
02, B
2=S
2Among the screwing element III, screw rod root footpath D
03=10mm, spiral groove depth h
3=20mm, flight pitch S
3=10mm, spiral shell rib width: B
3=10mm, 0.6D
03=h
3=2D
03, B
3=S
3, fully after the fusion, spraying through filament spinning component and from the aperture is the spinnerets of 2mm, the melt thread obtains the polyvinyl alcohol as-spun fibre through the lateral blowing cooling; Wherein screw rod is respectively distinguished temperature and is: 170 ℃ of 120 ℃ of feed zones, 170 ℃ of compression sections and metering sections, and 170 ℃ of filament spinning component temperature, 150 ℃ of spinnerets temperature, nascent silk spinning speed is 200m/min;
(3) dry drawing and setting;
The polyvinyl alcohol as-spun fibre that the last step was made is after 180 ℃ the hot-air oven drying, to carry out 1 grade of stretching at 190 ℃ through temperature, and 10 times of draw ratios are to carry out nervous HEAT SETTING under 220 ℃ to process the vinal that fiber number is 1700D in 6 minutes in temperature; The vinal fracture strength 12cN/dtex that is obtained, modulus reaches 26GPa.
The vinal that finally makes is cut into certain length according to different needs, and general staple fiber ppd is 5mm, and the polyvinyl alcohol staple fibre that makes can be used as the enhancing toughening material and is widely used in the civil engineering.
Embodiment 3
A kind of melt spinning method of high strength high modulus polyvinyl alcohol fiber may further comprise the steps:
(1) swelling;
Raw material is the pva powder or the pellet of the degree of polymerization 1700, alcoholysis degree 99%, is plasticizer with water, fully mixes the back and carries out swelling 2h at 45 ℃; Polyvinyl alcohol, water and N, the weight ratio of dinethylformamide is 1: 1: 0.11;
(2) melt spinning;
Polyvinyl alcohol that swelling is good adds double screw extruder, fully after the fusion, sprays through filament spinning component and from the aperture is the spinnerets of 0.5mm, and the melt thread obtains the polyvinyl alcohol as-spun fibre through the lateral blowing cooling; Wherein screw rod is respectively distinguished temperature and is: 150 ℃ of 80 ℃ of feed zones, 120 ℃ of compression sections and metering sections, and 150 ℃ of filament spinning component temperature, 140 ℃ of spinnerets temperature, nascent silk spinning speed is 60m/min;
(3) dry drawing and setting;
The polyvinyl alcohol as-spun fibre that the last step was made is after 150 ℃ the hot-air oven drying, to carry out 1 grade of stretching at 170 ℃ through temperature, and 7 times of draw ratios are to carry out nervous HEAT SETTING under 180 ℃ to process the vinal that fiber number is 370D in 3 minutes in temperature; The vinal fracture strength 12.5cN/dtex that is obtained, modulus reaches 28GPa.
Embodiment 4
A kind of melt spinning method of high strength high modulus polyvinyl alcohol fiber may further comprise the steps:
(1) swelling;
Raw material is the pva powder or the pellet of the degree of polymerization 1700, alcoholysis degree 88%, is plasticizer with water, fully mixes the back and carries out swelling 3h at 40 ℃; The weight ratio of polyvinyl alcohol, water and stearic amide is 1: 0.8: 0.09;
(2) melt spinning;
Polyvinyl alcohol that swelling is good adds double screw extruder, fully after the fusion, sprays through filament spinning component and from the aperture is the spinnerets of 1mm, and the melt thread obtains the polyvinyl alcohol as-spun fibre through the lateral blowing cooling; Wherein screw rod is respectively distinguished temperature and is: 160 ℃ of 80 ℃ of feed zones, 125 ℃ of compression sections and metering sections, and 155 ℃ of filament spinning component temperature, 150 ℃ of spinnerets temperature, nascent silk spinning speed is 100m/min;
(3) dry drawing and setting;
The polyvinyl alcohol as-spun fibre that the last step was made is after 160 ℃ the hot-air oven drying through temperature; Carry out 2 grades of stretchings at 120 ℃ and 150 ℃ respectively; Total draw ratio is 8 times, is to carry out nervous HEAT SETTING under 170 ℃ to process the vinal that fiber number is 400D in 2.5 minutes in temperature; The vinal fracture strength 13cN/dtex that is obtained, modulus reaches 27GPa.
The vinal that finally makes is cut into certain length according to different needs, and general staple fiber ppd is 50mm, and the polyvinyl alcohol staple fibre that makes can be used as the enhancing toughening material and is widely used in the civil engineering.
Embodiment 5
A kind of melt spinning method of high strength high modulus polyvinyl alcohol fiber may further comprise the steps:
(1) swelling;
Raw material is the pva powder or the pellet of the degree of polymerization 2400, alcoholysis degree 99%, is plasticizer with water, fully mixes the back and carries out swelling 50min at 50 ℃; The weight ratio of polyvinyl alcohol, water and long chain fatty acids amides is 1: 0.8: 0.12;
(2) melt spinning;
Polyvinyl alcohol that swelling is good adds double screw extruder, fully after the fusion, sprays through filament spinning component and from the aperture is the spinnerets of 1.2mm, and the melt thread obtains the polyvinyl alcohol as-spun fibre through the lateral blowing cooling; Wherein screw rod is respectively distinguished temperature and is: 160 ℃ of 100 ℃ of feed zones, 150 ℃ of compression sections and metering sections, and 160 ℃ of filament spinning component temperature, 140 ℃ of spinnerets temperature, nascent silk spinning speed is 75m/min;
(3) dry drawing and setting;
The polyvinyl alcohol as-spun fibre that the last step was made is after 160 ℃ the hot-air oven drying through temperature; Carry out 2 grades of stretchings at 150 ℃ and 200 ℃ respectively; Total draw ratio is 15 times, is to carry out nervous HEAT SETTING under 200 ℃ to process the vinal that fiber number is 410D in 2.3 minutes in temperature; The vinal fracture strength 13.5cN/dtex that is obtained, modulus reaches 30GPa.
The vinal that finally makes is cut into certain length according to different needs, and general staple fiber ppd is 20mm, and the polyvinyl alcohol staple fibre that makes can be used as the enhancing toughening material and is widely used in the civil engineering.
Embodiment 6
A kind of melt spinning method of high strength high modulus polyvinyl alcohol fiber may further comprise the steps:
(1) swelling;
Raw material is the pva powder or the pellet of the degree of polymerization 1700, alcoholysis degree 99%, is plasticizer with water, fully mixes the back and carries out swelling 3h at 30 ℃; The weight ratio of polyvinyl alcohol, water and stearic amide is 1: 0.9: 0.15;
(2) melt spinning;
Polyvinyl alcohol that swelling is good adds double screw extruder, fully after the fusion, sprays through filament spinning component and from the aperture is the spinnerets of 0.8mm, and the melt thread obtains the polyvinyl alcohol as-spun fibre through the lateral blowing cooling; Wherein screw rod is respectively distinguished temperature and is: 170 ℃ of 105 ℃ of feed zones, 140 ℃ of compression sections and metering sections, and 170 ℃ of filament spinning component temperature, 150 ℃ of spinnerets temperature, nascent silk spinning speed is 40m/min;
(3) dry drawing and setting;
The polyvinyl alcohol as-spun fibre that the last step was made is after 170 ℃ the hot-air oven drying through temperature; Carry out 2 grades of stretchings at 130 ℃ and 180 ℃ respectively; Total draw ratio is 10 times, is to carry out nervous HEAT SETTING under 150 ℃ to process the polyethylene coarse denier fiber that fiber number is 800D in 5 minutes in temperature; The vinal fracture strength 13.2cN/dtex that is obtained, modulus reaches 29.5GPa.
Embodiment 7
A kind of melt spinning method of high strength high modulus polyvinyl alcohol fiber may further comprise the steps:
(1) swelling;
Raw material is the pva powder or the pellet of the degree of polymerization 2600, alcoholysis degree 88%, is plasticizer with water, fully mixes the back and carries out swelling 3.5h at 35 ℃; The weight ratio of polyvinyl alcohol, water and caprolactam is 1: 0.9: 0.18;
(2) melt spinning;
Polyvinyl alcohol that swelling is good adds double screw extruder, fully after the fusion, sprays through filament spinning component and from the aperture is the spinnerets of 0.4mm, and the melt thread obtains the polyvinyl alcohol as-spun fibre through the lateral blowing cooling; Wherein screw rod is respectively distinguished temperature and is: 130 ℃ of 100 ℃ of feed zones, 110 ℃ of compression sections and metering sections, and 140 ℃ of filament spinning component temperature, 140 ℃ of spinnerets temperature, nascent silk spinning speed is 55m/min;
(3) dry drawing and setting;
The polyvinyl alcohol as-spun fibre that the last step was made is after 100 ℃ the hot-air oven drying through temperature; Carry out 3 grades of stretchings at 90 ℃, 120 ℃ and 170 ℃ respectively; Total draw ratio is 10 times, is to carry out nervous HEAT SETTING under 170 ℃ to process the vinal that fiber number is 1100D in 3 minutes in temperature; The vinal fracture strength 14cN/dtex that is obtained, modulus reaches 31GPa.
Embodiment 8
A kind of melt spinning method of high strength high modulus polyvinyl alcohol fiber may further comprise the steps:
(1) swelling;
Raw material is the pva powder or the pellet of the degree of polymerization 2400, alcoholysis degree 99%, is plasticizer with water, fully mixes the back and carries out swelling 1min at 60 ℃; The weight ratio of polyvinyl alcohol, water and acrylamide is 1: 1.2: 0.05;
(2) melt spinning;
Polyvinyl alcohol that swelling is good adds double screw extruder, fully after the fusion, sprays through filament spinning component and from the aperture is the spinnerets of 1.5mm, and the melt thread obtains the polyvinyl alcohol as-spun fibre through the lateral blowing cooling; Wherein screw rod is respectively distinguished temperature and is: 150 ℃ of 100 ℃ of feed zones, 120 ℃ of compression sections and metering sections, and 160 ℃ of filament spinning component temperature, 140 ℃ of spinnerets temperature, nascent silk spinning speed is 80m/min;
(3) dry drawing and setting;
The polyvinyl alcohol as-spun fibre that the last step was made is after 100 ℃ the hot-air oven drying through temperature; Carry out 3 grades of stretchings at 110 ℃, 150 ℃ and 200 ℃ respectively; Total draw ratio is 17 times, is to carry out nervous HEAT SETTING under 180 ℃ to process the vinal that fiber number is 1300D in 3 minutes in temperature; The vinal fracture strength 12cN/dtex that is obtained, modulus reaches 35GPa.
The vinal that finally makes is cut into certain length according to different needs, and general staple fiber ppd is 35mm, and the polyvinyl alcohol staple fibre that makes can be used as the enhancing toughening material and is widely used in the civil engineering.
Embodiment 9
A kind of melt spinning method of high strength high modulus polyvinyl alcohol fiber may further comprise the steps:
(1) swelling;
Raw material is the pva powder or the pellet of the degree of polymerization 2400, alcoholysis degree 88%, is plasticizer with water, fully mixes the back and carries out swelling 50min at 60 ℃; Polyvinyl alcohol, water and N, the weight ratio of dinethylformamide is 1: 0.7: 0.1;
(2) melt spinning;
The polyvinyl alcohol that swelling is good adds water vapor seal type double screw extruder; The compound mode of the twin-screw screwing element of described water vapor seal type double screw extruder is screwing element I; Connect two circulations of screwing element II and screwing element III afterwards, and after said circulation, meet screwing element I again; The important technological parameters of the screwing element of water vapor seal type double screw extruder is: among the screwing element I, and screw rod root footpath D
01=19mm, spiral groove depth h
1=16mm, flight pitch S
1=11mm, spiral shell rib width B
1=11mm, 0.3D
01＜h
1＜0.6D
01, B
1＜S
1Among the screwing element II, screw rod root footpath D
02=25mm, spiral groove depth h
2=11mm, flight pitch S
2=6mm, spiral shell rib width B
2=6mm, 0.1D
02＜h
2＜0.3D
02, B
2＜S
2Among the screwing element III, screw rod root footpath D
03=11mm, spiral groove depth h
3=24mm, flight pitch S
3=11mm, spiral shell rib width: B
3=11mm, 0.6D
03＜h
3＜2D
03, B
3＜S
3, fully after the fusion, spraying through filament spinning component and from the aperture is the spinnerets of 1mm, the melt thread obtains the polyvinyl alcohol as-spun fibre through the lateral blowing cooling; Wherein screw rod is respectively distinguished temperature and is: 160 ℃ of 100 ℃ of feed zones, 150 ℃ of compression sections and metering sections, and 170 ℃ of filament spinning component temperature, 150 ℃ of spinnerets temperature, nascent silk spinning speed is 100m/min;
(3) dry drawing and setting;
The polyvinyl alcohol as-spun fibre that the last step was made is after 150 ℃ the hot-air oven drying through temperature; Carry out 3 grades of stretchings at 120 ℃, 170 ℃ and 220 ℃ respectively; Total draw ratio is 20 times, is to carry out nervous HEAT SETTING under 200 ℃ to process the vinal that fiber number is 1250D in 0.5 minute in temperature; The vinal fracture strength 13.1cN/dtex that is obtained, modulus reaches 32GPa.
The vinal that finally makes is cut into certain length according to different needs, and general staple fiber ppd is 40mm, and the polyvinyl alcohol staple fibre that makes can be used as the enhancing toughening material and is widely used in the civil engineering.
Claims (10)
1. the melt spinning method of a high strength high modulus polyvinyl alcohol fiber is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) swelling;
Raw material is pva powder or pellet, is plasticizer with water, adds amides compound; Wherein polyvinyl alcohol polymerizable raw material degree is 800～2600, and alcoholysis degree is 60%～99%, and the weight ratio of polyvinyl alcohol, water and amides compound is 1: 0.3～1.5: 0.05～0.2;
(2) melt spinning;
Polyvinyl alcohol that swelling is good adds screw extruder, fully after the fusion, sprays through filament spinning component and from the aperture is the spinnerets of 0.1～2mm, and the melt thread obtains the polyvinyl alcohol as-spun fibre through the blowing cooling; Wherein screw rod is respectively distinguished temperature and is: 80～170 ℃ of 70～120 ℃ of feed zones, 90～170 ℃ of compression sections and metering sections, and 90～170 ℃ of filament spinning component temperature, 80～150 ℃ of spinnerets temperature, nascent silk spinning speed is 10～200m/min;
(3) dry drawing and setting;
The polyvinyl alcohol as-spun fibre that the last step was made is after 80～180 ℃ the hot-air oven drying, to carry out 1～3 grade of stretching through temperature, is to carry out nervous HEAT SETTING under 110～220 ℃ to process vinal in temperature; Vinal fracture strength >=the 8cN/dtex that is obtained, fiber number >=10D, modulus >=25GPa.
2. the melt spinning method of a kind of high strength high modulus polyvinyl alcohol fiber according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described amides compound is acrylamide, caprolactam, N, dinethylformamide, stearic amide or long chain fatty acids amides.
3. the melt spinning method of a kind of high strength high modulus polyvinyl alcohol fiber according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described abundant swelling is carried out swelling 40min～4h at 20～60 ℃ after being meant abundant mixing.
4. the melt spinning method of a kind of high strength high modulus polyvinyl alcohol fiber according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described screw extruder is a water vapor seal type double screw extruder.
5. the melt spinning method of a kind of high strength high modulus polyvinyl alcohol fiber according to claim 4; It is characterized in that the twin-screw screwing element of described water vapor seal type double screw extruder has at least screwing element I, screwing element II and screwing element III to combine for three kinds; Compound mode comprises at least: be followed successively by at least one circulation of screwing element I, screwing element II and screwing element III, and after said circulation, meet screwing element I again; Perhaps compound mode comprises screwing element I, connects at least one circulation of screwing element II and screwing element III afterwards, and after said circulation, meets screwing element I again;
Relation: h below described screwing element I, screwing element II and screwing element III satisfy
2S
2＜h
1S
1＜h
3S
3D '
3＜D '
1＜D '
2Wherein said h
1Be the spiral groove depth of screwing element I, S
1Be the flight pitch of screwing element I, D '
1Screw rod root footpath for screwing element I; h
2Be the spiral groove depth of screwing element II, S
2Be the flight pitch of screwing element II, D '
2Screw rod root footpath for screwing element II; h
3Be the spiral groove depth of screwing element III, S
3The flight pitch of screwing element III, D '
3Screw rod root footpath for screwing element III.
6. a kind of water vapor seal type double screw extruder according to claim 5 is characterized in that described screwing element important technological parameters is following:
Screwing element I
Screw rod root footpath D
01>=15mm, spiral groove depth h
1>=15mm, flight pitch S
1>=10mm, spiral shell rib width B
1>=10mm;
Wherein, 0.3D
01≤h
1≤0.6D
01, B
1≤S
1
Screwing element II
Screw rod root footpath D
02>=20mm, spiral groove depth h
2>=10mm, flight pitch S
2>=5mm, spiral shell rib width B
2>=5mm;
Wherein, 0.1D
02≤h
2≤0.3D
02, B
2≤S
2
Screwing element III
Screw rod root footpath D
03>=10mm, spiral groove depth h
3>=20mm, flight pitch S
3>=10mm, spiral shell rib width B
3>=10mm;
Wherein, 0.6D
03≤h
3≤2D
03, B
3≤S
3
7. the melt spinning method of a kind of high strength high modulus polyvinyl alcohol fiber according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the mode of said blowing cooling is that lateral blowing, ring blowing or center ring blow.
8. the melt spinning method of a kind of high strength high modulus polyvinyl alcohol fiber according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described 1～3 grade of stretching is respectively: when adopting 1 grade to stretch, carry out 5～10 times of draw ratios at 150～190 ℃; When adopting 2 grades to stretch, carry out at 120～150 ℃ and 150～200 ℃ respectively, total draw ratio is 8～15 times; When adopting 3 grades to stretch, carry out at 90～120 ℃, 120～170 ℃ and 170～220 ℃ respectively, total draw ratio is 10～20 times.
9. the melt spinning method of a kind of high strength high modulus polyvinyl alcohol fiber according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; It is characterized in that described nervous HEAT SETTING is meant is carrying out HEAT SETTING with the fiber behind the said drawn at 110～220 ℃ under the tension force effect, heat-setting time 0.2～6 minute.
10. the melt spinning method of a kind of high strength high modulus polyvinyl alcohol fiber according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; The vinal that finally makes is cut into certain length according to different needs; General staple fiber ppd is 5mm～50mm, and the polyvinyl alcohol staple fibre that makes can be done to strengthen toughening material and be widely used in the civil engineering.
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