CN102795943A - Chinese yam dedicated organic-inorganic mixed fertilizer and preparation method - Google Patents

Chinese yam dedicated organic-inorganic mixed fertilizer and preparation method Download PDF

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CN102795943A
CN102795943A CN2012103028866A CN201210302886A CN102795943A CN 102795943 A CN102795943 A CN 102795943A CN 2012103028866 A CN2012103028866 A CN 2012103028866A CN 201210302886 A CN201210302886 A CN 201210302886A CN 102795943 A CN102795943 A CN 102795943A
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fertilizer
chinese yam
organic
fermentation
urea
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胡玉福
李翔
邓良基
何莎
刘宇
蒋双龙
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Sichuan Agricultural University
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Sichuan Agricultural University
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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Abstract

The invention discloses a Chinese yam dedicated organic-inorganic mixed fertilizer. An organic fertilizer base material is prepared by mixing chicken manure, rapeseed cake, a manure fermentation agent and calcium superphosphate according to a dry matter weight ratio of 248-340:83-113:0.8:1, and fermenting. Based on nutritional elements required by Chinese yam growth, urea, ammonium phosphate and potassium sulphate are added in the organic fertilizer base material, wherein the organic fertilizer base material, the urea, the ammonium phosphate and the potassium sulfate are mixed according to a dry matter weight ratio of 60-64:16.12-18.73:4.96-5.80:14.92-15.47. Ingredients of the organic fertilizer of the present invention are simple, easy to obtain, and low in cost, and the preparation process is simple. The preparation method is low in requirements of machinery and equipment, saving in cost, and conducive to large-scale popularization and application.

Description

A kind of Chinese yam organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special and preparation method
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of bioengineering, relate to the agricultural wastes recycle, being specifically related to a kind of is the Chinese yam organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special that component is formed by chicken manure rapeseed cake mixture compost and inorganic fertilizer.
Background technology
Agricultural wastes are one of primary pollution source of rural area pollution of ecological environment, but agricultural wastes are not no utility value, and reasonably the development and utilization agricultural wastes just can be realized turning waste into wealth, and reach energy-saving and emission-reduction, the purpose of preserving the ecological environment.Along with developing rapidly of China's livestock and poultry breeding industry; The fowl and livestock farm of particularly various intensification mass-producings is set up in succession; The quantity that animal waste produces also sharply rises; If it is not handled timely and effectively, will bring serious pollution of area source to whole rural environment, even have influence on normal production of people and life.Therefore, strengthen the animal waste prevention and cure of pollution and seem particularly important, and recycling makes the value of these agricultural wastes be able to manifest.Chicken manure is one of main animal waste in rural area, measures according to relevant department, and a chicken can amass 50 to 80 kilograms in bright ight soil every year, and just quantity is very huge by this chicken manure of calculating China.But well-known, chicken is short because of its digestive tube, and is low to the absorption rate of feed nutrition material, and general digestive utilization ratio is about 30%, and most of nutrient excretes through enteron aisle.Therefore, the chicken manure organic content is high, contains a large number of nutrients, comprises beneficial elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and iron, magnesium, copper, zinc, selenium, sulphur.But at present chicken manure is handled with utilization ratio lowlyer, and the fertilizer processing major part of chicken manure concentrates on simple pile fermentation or direct returning to farmland, and What is more with the chicken manure water towards releasing the entering irrigation canals and ditches, caused the serious environmental pollution.Therefore, through chicken manure is carried out processing fertilizer after the harmless treatment, the recycling that can improve chicken manure on the one hand is worth, and also can effectively reduce ecological environmental pollution simultaneously.
Rapeseed cake is that a kind of organic content is high, and is rich in the organic materials of nutritive substance, and its organic content contains the necessary nutritive elements of crop such as more nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in addition up to more than 50%.In the chicken manure fermenting digest process, add a certain amount of rapeseed cake, not only can improve the organic content of fertilizer, also can increase nutrient content, because organic matter has strong complexing and adsorptive power, can effectively reduce the nitrogen loss in the fermenting process simultaneously.
Chinese yam is the perennial winding herbaceous species of a Dioscoreaceae plant, is one of most important economic plants of China, in various places, China north and south cultivated area is widely arranged all.Chinese yam has the effect of grain, dish, medicine dual-purpose, and nutritive value is very abundant, and also also dish of grain is all-ages, is to develop high-efficiency agriculture now, promote the comparatively ideal of increasing peasant income to promote crop, and DEVELOPMENT PROSPECT is very wide.Chinese yam is longer breeding time, and fertilizer requirement is big, likes the long fertilizer of fertilizer efficiency especially, and general Chinese yam suits deep at soil layer, fertile soil, loose, air permeability is good, grow on the high soil of humus content.The yam planting family does not fully take into account nutritive yam and nutrient uptake feature in the Chinese yam fertilising in recent years; Ignored using of fertilizer; Use inorganic fertilizer in a large number, and have the phenomenon of the fertile light phosphorus of diazonium, potash fertilizer, not only cause waning of the soil organism and mineral nutrient element; And caused the soil compaction problem, and then influenced the yield and quality of Chinese yam.Therefore, to the nutrient uptake feature of Chinese yam, it is special-purpose fertile extremely important to satisfy Chinese yam growing nutrient demand to dispose and use the Chinese yam organic-inorganic.
At present, one Chinese patent application numbers 200410054663.8 has been announced " a kind of Chinese yam composite fertilizer special ", it is characterized in that by 45 parts in urea; 30 parts of diammonium phosphate; 20 parts of vitriolate of tartar, 0.6 part in zinc sulfate, 0.8 part of manganous sulfate; 5 parts of double superhosphate, above each component are used for the mineral nutrition composition to the Chinese yam growth being provided; 100 parts of river sands are used to improve the soil property of cultivation, and described river sand comprises content at least at the silicon-dioxide more than 50%, cross 5 mm sieve.This invention nutritive element is more comprehensive; Basically satisfy the nutritional needs of Chinese yam, but this composite fertilizer special all is to be processed by inorganic fertilizer, does not consider the characteristics of Chinese yam happiness fertilizer; Though fertilizer this season utilization ratio is high; But can not lasting nutrient supply be provided for Chinese yam, also be unfavorable for the improvement of Soil structure, not satisfy the requirement of Chinese yam high yield and high quality.On the other hand, this patent adopts soil moved in to improve the original to mix the husky method improvement soil texture, the quality improvement of clayey soil is had certain effect, but be unfavorable for the formation of soil aggregate, and long-term application will cause soil to desertify, and more not suit on sandy soil, to apply.One Chinese patent application number 03120792.8 has been announced " the Chinese yam new exclusive is fertile and preparation method thereof ", it is characterized in that 5000 parts of heterogeneous mixing fertilizers of high-density through revolving horizontal drum formula or the preparation of vertical multi-layer type high-rate composting device, 5 parts in urea; 1 part of anti-infectious preparation through ovary bioreactor technology preparation, 10 parts in ammonium phosphate, 25 parts of potassiumphosphates; 0.5 part in zinc sulfate, 0.5 part of manganous sulfate mixes above-mentioned component according to prescription; Pulverize, drying makes finished product by the tablets press granulation.This invention organic content is high, and fertilizer efficiency is powerful lasting, helps promoting the growth of Chinese yam, but its material composition is comparatively complicated, and whole process of preparation is comparatively loaded down with trivial details, and cost is higher, and is also higher to the producing apparatus requirement, is unfavorable for applying.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is through chicken manure being provided a kind of harmless treatment, and, be equipped with a certain amount of rapeseed cake and inorganic fertilizer according to the Chinese yam characteristic; Process a kind of Chinese yam organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special; For the nutrient supply that the Chinese yam growth provides comprehensively, continues, improve the soil to reach, improve the Chinese yam yield and quality; Realize the recycling of agricultural wastes simultaneously, reduce the purpose of environmental pollution.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves above-mentioned prescription is following:
A kind of Chinese yam organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special; The fertilizer bed material is: chicken manure, rapeseed cake, manure fermentation agent and superphosphate of lime are 248-340: 83-113 according to the dry-matter ratio: 0.8: 1 proportion mixes, fermenting forms; Requirement by Chinese yam growth desired nutritional element; In the fertilizer bed material, add urea, ammonium phosphate and vitriolate of tartar, fertilizer bed material, urea, ammonium phosphate and vitriolate of tartar are 60-64: 16.12-18.73: 4.96-5.80 according to the dry matter weight ratio: 14.92-15.47 mixes.Wherein, the specification of quality of urea is nitrogenous 46.4%, and the specification of quality of ammonium phosphate is nitrogenous 28%, contains Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES 48%, and the specification of quality of vitriolate of tartar is for containing potassium oxide 52%.
As preferably, chicken manure and rapeseed cake are that the fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed in 3: 1 forms according to the dry matter weight ratio in the said fertilizer bed material, contain organic 21.24%-22.66%, and total nutrient is 22.18%-24.53%.
The step that the present invention solves above-mentioned preparation method is following:
(1) fermentation; Chicken manure, rapeseed cake, manure fermentation agent and superphosphate of lime are 248-340: 83-113 according to the dry-matter ratio: 0.8: 1 proportion mixes, and the maintenance water ratio is 60-65%, and piling body with the rectangle of wide 1.5m, high 1m is standard; Be under 25-35 ℃ the situation in temperature; Become thoroughly decomposed and ferment 5-10 days (general 5 days summers, 7 days spring and autumn, 10 days winters); The positive board fermenting agent in sky that the manure fermentation agent that is wherein added selects for use Hebi City sky sun bio tech ltd to produce.
(2) mix, fertilizer bed material, urea, ammonium phosphate and vitriolate of tartar are mixed than for 60-64: 16.12-18.73: 4.96-5.80: 14.92-15.47 according to dry matter weight; Wherein, chicken manure contains organic matter 26.2%, nitrogen 1.69%, phosphorus element 1.67%, potassium plain 0.89%; Contain organic matter 63.0%, nitrogen 5.00%, phosphorus element 1.95%, potassium plain 1.45% in the rapeseed cake; In the inorganic fertilizer, the specification of quality of urea is nitrogenous 46.40%, and the specification of quality of ammonium phosphate is nitrogenous 28%, contains Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES 48%, and the specification of quality of vitriolate of tartar is for containing potassium oxide 52%.
(3) drying makes the fertilizer water cut be lower than 2%;
(4) granulation is used the tablets press granulation with the fertilizer that fermentation mixes;
(5) fertiliser granulates that particle diameter is 2-4mm is sieved in screening;
(6) packing is packed with moistureproof material, promptly makes fertilizer special for organic.
Beneficial effect of the present invention has solved the post-processed problem of chicken manure for through the sludge and refuse utilization, has avoided the pollution to rural environment.The present invention combines the long-acting fertilizer property of organic fertilizer and the quick-acting fertilizer efficiency of mineral manure, can be the Chinese yam growth continual and steady nutrient supply is provided, and satisfies the nutritional needs of its each growth phase.The innoxious degree of the fertilizer of producing is high, and quality is loose, and color and luster is brown deeply, no stink, and nutritive substance is abundant, and organic content is high, and for improving the soil, the resistance that improves Chinese yam has vital role.On output, than the raising the output 45%-52% that do not apply fertilizer, than habits fertilization and single organic fertilizer raising the output 8%-15%.
In addition, the material composition of fertilizer of the present invention is simple, obtains easily, and cost is low, and the preparation process is simple, and the machinery and equipment of its preparation requires low, practices thrift cost, is beneficial to large-scale promotion application.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is elaborated.
Embodiment 1: the mixture of 84kg chicken manure and 28kg rapeseed cake is added manure fermentation agent (the positive board fermenting agent in sky of selecting for use Hebi City sky sun bio tech ltd to produce) 0.3kg, and superphosphate of lime 0.4kg, the maintenance water ratio is 60-65%; With the rectangle of wide 1.5m, high 1m heap body is standard, is under 25-35 ℃ the situation in temperature, fermentation 5-10 days of becoming thoroughly decomposed (general 5 days summers; 7 days spring and autumn, 10 days winters), make the fertile fertilizer bed material of this special use; Be equipped with 30.1kg urea, 9.3kg ammonium phosphate, 27.5kg vitriolate of tartar; Above-mentioned fertilizer is mixed, after drying, granulation, screening, the packing, promptly make required Chinese yam organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special 1; In the inorganic fertilizer, the specification of quality of urea is nitrogenous 46.40%, and the specification of quality of ammonium phosphate is nitrogenous 28%, contains Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES 48%, and the specification of quality of vitriolate of tartar is for containing potassium oxide 52%.。
Embodiment 2: the mixture of 80kg chicken manure and 26.7kg rapeseed cake is added manure fermentation agent (the positive board fermenting agent in sky of selecting for use Hebi City sky sun bio tech ltd to produce) 0.3kg, and superphosphate of lime 0.4kg ferments, and makes the fertile fertilizer bed material of this special use; Be equipped with 31.2kg urea; 9.7kg ammonium phosphate, the 25.4kg vitriolate of tartar mixes above-mentioned fertilizer; After drying, granulation, screening, the packing, promptly make required Chinese yam organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special 2; In the inorganic fertilizer, the specification of quality of urea is nitrogenous 46.40%, and the specification of quality of ammonium phosphate is nitrogenous 28%, contains Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES 48%, and the specification of quality of vitriolate of tartar is for containing potassium oxide 52%.
Below be the embodiment effect test:
Test is provided with 1 of blank processing; Local yam planting family custom is handled 2 with fertile, singly executes chicken manure organic fertilizer and handles 1, and the chicken manure compound organic and inorganic fertilizer is handled 2 (promptly being respectively above-mentioned two embodiment); Test totally 6 processing; Three repetitions are established in each processing, amount to 18 sub-districts, and each sub-district area is 10m 2, fertilizer as winter base manure spread manuer in holes.
Handle 1: the blank processing, do not apply fertilizer;
Handle 2: plantation family custom is with fertile, and commercially available composite fertilizer (N-P205-K20:12-10-18) 128kg/ mu imposes urea (containing N46.4%) 95kg/ mu;
Handle 3: plantation family custom is with fertile, and commercially available composite fertilizer (N-P205-K20:12-10-18) 100kg/ mu imposes urea (containing N46.4%) 118.5kg/ mu;
Handle 4: chicken manure organic fertilizer 170kg/ mu (N-P205-K20:2.9-2.8-1.5) imposes urea (containing N46.4%) 58kg/ mu;
Handle 5: special-purpose fertile 1 (N-P205-K20:18.73-5.80-17.12) of the present invention executes by 200kg/ mu base, do not topdress;
Handle 6: special-purpose fertile 2 (N-P205-K20:16.12-4.96-14.83) of the present invention execute by 200kg/ mu base, do not topdress.
In each sub-district of selected trial plot, dig at random and adopt identical growing way Chinese yam meter product.Whenever taking 40 promptly weighs once.
The fertile contrast of the usefulness of table 1 different treatment to Chinese yam output and quality influence
Figure BSA00000768074300051
Figure BSA00000768074300061
By table 1, use special-purpose fertilizer of the present invention after, the yield and quality of Chinese yam has more significantly and to improve, therefore, this special-purpose fertilizer is a kind of ideal Chinese yam compound organic and inorganic fertilizer.
Should be understood that, concerning those of ordinary skills, can improve or conversion, and all these improvement and conversion all should belong to the protection domain of accompanying claims of the present invention according to above-mentioned explanation.

Claims (3)

1. Chinese yam organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special is characterized in that: with chicken manure, rapeseed cake, manure fermentation agent and superphosphate of lime according to dry-matter than being 248-340: 83-113: 0.8: 1 proportion carries out mixed fermentation, as the fertilizer bed material; And by the requirement of Chinese yam growth desired nutritional element; In the fertilizer bed material, add urea, ammonium phosphate and vitriolate of tartar, fertilizer bed material, urea, ammonium phosphate and vitriolate of tartar are 60-64: 16.12-18.73: 4.96-5.80 according to the dry matter weight ratio: 14.92-15.47 mixes.
2. Chinese yam organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special according to claim 1 is characterized in that: chicken manure and rapeseed cake are that the fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed in 3: 1 forms according to the dry matter weight ratio in the said fertilizer bed material.
3. the preparation method of a Chinese yam organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special; It is characterized in that: (1) fermentation; Chicken manure, rapeseed cake, manure fermentation agent and superphosphate of lime are 248-340: 83-113 according to the dry-matter ratio: 0.8: 1 proportion mixes; The maintenance water ratio is 60-65%, fermentation 5-10 days of becoming thoroughly decomposed; (2) mix, chicken manure rapeseed cake mixture compost, urea, ammonium phosphate and vitriolate of tartar according to the dry matter weight ratio are: 60-64: 16.12-18.73: 4.96-5.80: 14.92-15.47 mixes; (3) drying makes the fertilizer water ratio be lower than 2%; (4) granulation is used the tablets press granulation with the fertilizer that fermentation mixes; (5) fertiliser granulates that particle diameter is 2-4mm is sieved in screening; (6) packing is packed with damp proof material, promptly makes fertilizer special for organic.
CN2012103028866A 2012-08-16 2012-08-16 Chinese yam dedicated organic-inorganic mixed fertilizer and preparation method Pending CN102795943A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106588147A (en) * 2016-12-09 2017-04-26 河池市技术开发中心 Method for preparing base fertilizer of Chinese yams
CN109265231A (en) * 2017-07-18 2019-01-25 吕朝妮 A kind of Kiwi berry compound organic and inorganic fertilizer and preparation method

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CN101785392A (en) * 2010-02-01 2010-07-28 李学军 Planting method of yam
CN102173958A (en) * 2011-03-07 2011-09-07 李永亮 Rhizoma dioscoreae and rehmannia anti-continuous cropping green organic gold potassium special fertilizer and production method thereof
CN102424622A (en) * 2011-12-05 2012-04-25 刘书芳 Formula of bulk blended fertilizer special for yams

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106588147A (en) * 2016-12-09 2017-04-26 河池市技术开发中心 Method for preparing base fertilizer of Chinese yams
CN109265231A (en) * 2017-07-18 2019-01-25 吕朝妮 A kind of Kiwi berry compound organic and inorganic fertilizer and preparation method

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Application publication date: 20121128