CN102794488A - Side milling processing method of resembled ruled surface integral wheel curved surfaces - Google Patents
Side milling processing method of resembled ruled surface integral wheel curved surfaces Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a side milling processing method of resembled ruled surface integral wheel curved surfaces. The method comprises the following steps that: firstly, similar ruled surfaces is acquired according to the resembled ruled surface integral wheel curved surfaces, and a resembled ruled surface is expressed by adopting two border triple B splines; then position and gesture of dispersed cutters are acquired through a polarization and according to approximate ruled surfaces and cutter parameters, and an initial cutter path is obtained through B spline interpolation; then the distance between the resembled ruled surface and a cutter enveloping surface is calculated, a cuter path integral optimization model following error evaluation criterions is established, the maximum optimized geometrical error is compared with a predetermined processing accuracy, and whether the resembled ruled surface meets processing accuracy requirements after being performed with side milling is judged; and at last, if the maximum optimized geometrical error is smaller than the predetermined processing accuracy, an optimal cutter path is generated, and a cutter path document is output. The side milling processing method of resembled ruled surface integral wheel curved surfaces overcomes the problem that the existing side milling processing method is only suitable for ruled surface blades, and expands application range of side milling process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of side milling processing method, relate in particular to the side milling processing method of a kind ruled surface integral wheel curved surface.
Background technology
Five side milling processing are meant with the side edge milling of cutter removes material, contacts processing mode with the point of bulb end mill and compares, and side milling processing is line contact processing mode, and the processing bandwidth significantly increases, and can improve material removing rate, can reduce the wearing and tearing of cutter.In addition, side milling processing also has the following advantages: because that side milling adds the man-hour tool axis is basic parallel with spoon of blade, can avoid the interference of cutter and adjacent blades to greatest extent; Side milling is processed as time processing and is shaped, and can significantly improve the surface quality of processing parts.Side milling processing is fit to the semifinishing and the fine finishining of monoblock type impeller blade curved surface very much, and the recommended highly-efficient processing that is used for the aviation parts.
The object that existing side milling cutter paths planning method is directed against often concentrates on the ruled surface blade, for opening up ruled surface, adopts the side milling mode can realize accurate processing; For the non-ruled surface of opening up,, also can obtain the side milling cutter path, thereby satisfy requirement on machining accuracy through the tool position optimization method although adopt side milling processing to exist original reason error.But in practical application, the spoon of blade of a lot of monoblock type impellers is not a ruled surface, type of being generally ruled surface, and current side milling cutter paths planning method and inapplicable, and this makes the scope of application of side milling processing receive greatly restriction.Can what is more important be not that all class ruled surfaces can be processed through side milling and realize, therefore provide a kind of distinguishing rule that side milling most important.At present general CAM software does not provide this function to the side milling processing of type ruled surface; The MAX-PAC of Concepts NREC company is the Special CAD/CAM software to impeller five-shaft numerical control processing, and distinguishing rule and cutter path generation strategy that can type ruled surface side milling are not provided yet.
Literature search through to prior art is found; One Chinese patent application number is: 02139582 patent of invention discloses a kind of drum-taper type cutter tool and with the method for drum-taper type cutter tool side milling arbitrary surface centrifugal impeller; A kind of side milling processing method of free form surface is provided, but this cutter path planing method is interfered the strategy of employing multirow milling for avoiding; Greatly reduce the side milling working (machining) efficiency of free form surface, and be difficult to guarantee the crudy of integral wheel curved surface.In addition; Application number is: 201110077039 Chinese invention patent discloses a kind of five side milling working process parameter methods for designing again; This method is optimized the side milling working process parameter; But the processing object of this method only is confined to ruled surface, not the cutter path planing method of type of relating to ruled surface.
Summary of the invention
Deficiency to above-mentioned prior art existence; The object of the present invention is to provide the side milling processing method of a kind ruled surface integral wheel curved surface; This method can effectively solve the problem that current side milling processing method only is applicable to the ruled surface blade, improves the applicability of existing side milling processing greatly.
For achieving the above object, the present invention provides the side milling processing method of a kind ruled surface integral wheel curved surface, may further comprise the steps:
(1) according to class ruled surface integral wheel curved surface, obtain approximate ruled surface, and approximate ruled surface adopts two border B-spline Curve to represent based on the least square principle;
(2), obtain discrete tool position and attitude through biasing means, and obtain initial cutter path through the B-spline curves interpolation according to approximate ruled surface that obtains and given cutter parameters;
(3) the compute classes ruled surface is set up the cutter path global optimization model of following the error evaluation criterion, the maximum geometrical deviation after being optimized to the distance of cutter enveloping surface;
(4) the maximum geometrical deviation after will optimizing compares with predetermined machining accuracy; Judge that can a type ruled surface reach requirement on machining accuracy by side milling; If the maximum geometrical deviation after optimizing is less than predetermined machining accuracy; Then such ruled surface can reach requirement on machining accuracy by side milling; Generate optimum cutter path, output cutter path file; Otherwise greater than predetermined machining accuracy, then such ruled surface can not side milling as if the maximum geometrical deviation after optimizing.
Side milling processing method according to described type of ruled surface integral wheel of preferred embodiment of the present invention curved surface; Such ruled surface is three-dimensional surface model or surface points cloud data file, and type of approaching ruled surface discrete point cloud under two border B-spline Curve least square meanings.
According to the side milling processing method of described type of ruled surface integral wheel of preferred embodiment of the present invention curved surface, this initial cutter path is a ruled surface, adopts the cutter shaft track plane to represent, specifically adopts following formula to represent:
Wherein,
P (t) and two border B-spline Curve of Q (t) expression;
N
I, k(t) be the basic function of B-spline curves;
K is the exponent number of B-spline curves;
w
T=[b
0 T..., b
l T, d
0 T..., d
l T] ∈
6 (l+1), b
0..., b
lAnd d
0..., d
lBe respectively the control point of two B-spline curves, i.e. the shape of axis face control parameter;
L+1 is a B batten node number;
A, t are the curved surface parameter, and (a, t) ∈ [0,1] * [t
0, t
1];
t
0It is initial parameters; t
1It is terminal parameter.
According to the side milling processing method of described type of ruled surface integral wheel of preferred embodiment of the present invention curved surface, this cutter path global optimization model adopts following formula to represent:
Wherein, the envelope surface of X (w) expression tool space motion generation; { p
i∈
3, the sampled point on 1≤i≤n} representation class ruled surface, n is the number of sampled point,
3It is three dimensional euclidean space;
Be the distance of sampled point to the cutter enveloping surface,
Type of being ruled surface is to the ultimate range of enveloping surface;
According to the side milling processing method of described type of ruled surface integral wheel of preferred embodiment of the present invention curved surface, the maximum geometrical deviation after this is optimized is for optimizing the maximum of geometrical deviation between back type ruled surface and the cutter envelope surface.
According to the side milling processing method of the described type ruled surface integral wheel of preferred embodiment of the present invention curved surface, this optimum cutter path is being for to satisfy under the prerequisite of machining accuracy, by the optimal solution of the cutter path global optimization problem cutter shaft track plane as the control point; The cutter path file is the pairing cutter location file of post processor, specifically describes the position and the direction of cutter.
According to the side milling processing method of described type of ruled surface integral wheel of preferred embodiment of the present invention curved surface, this side milling cutter adopts any rotating tool, specifically can adopt cylinder cutter, circular cone cutter or drum knife.
More than comprehensive; The present invention has designed can type ruled surface reach requirement on machining accuracy through side milling distinguishing rule; And provided high-quality cutter path through cutter path global optimization algorithm, promptly type of being applicable to ruled surface threedimensional model also is applicable to the cloud data file.Therefore; Compared with prior art; The side milling processing method of of the present invention type of ruled surface integral wheel curved surface has overcome the problem that current side milling processing method only is applicable to the ruled surface blade; Five side milling process tool routes planning that can type of being applied to ruled surface integral wheel curved surface improve the applicability of existing side milling processing greatly, have greatly expanded the scope of application of side milling processing.And computational efficiency is high, and all processes can be accomplished automatically, realizes simple.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the process principle figure of the side milling processing method of class ruled surface integral wheel curved surface of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the discrete point cloud sketch map of the class ruled surface integral wheel spoon of blade of the embodiment of the invention;
The class ruled surface integral wheel spoon of blade model sketch map of Fig. 3 embodiment of the invention;
Approximate ruled surface that the least square fitting of Fig. 4 embodiment of the invention is obtained and straight edge line sketch map thereof;
The circular cone cutter of Fig. 5 embodiment of the invention and the sketch map of parameter thereof;
The biasing means of Fig. 6 embodiment of the invention generates the sketch map of initial cutter path;
Worst error statistical chart after each step iteration of the cutter path global optimization of Fig. 7 embodiment of the invention;
Type ruled surface side milling processing geometrical deviation distribution map after the optimization of Fig. 8 embodiment of the invention;
The sketch map of tool motion profile after the optimization of Fig. 9 embodiment of the invention.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, specify the present invention.
See also Fig. 1, the side milling processing method of a kind ruled surface integral wheel curved surface may further comprise the steps:
(1) according to class ruled surface integral wheel curved surface, obtain approximate ruled surface, and approximate ruled surface adopts two border B-spline Curve to represent based on the least square principle.
Type ruled surface can be three-dimensional surface model or surface points cloud data file, and type of approaching ruled surface discrete point cloud under two border B-spline Curve least square meanings.
(2), obtain discrete tool position and attitude through biasing means, and obtain initial cutter path through the B-spline curves interpolation according to approximate ruled surface that obtains and given cutter parameters.
Cutter parameters is the geometric parameter that selected cutter is processed in side milling.This method is applicable to the rotating tool of any type, like cylinder cutter, circular cone cutter or drum knife.For the cylinder cutter, need provide tool radius and height; For the circular cone cutter, need provide radius of circle at the bottom of the cutter, semi-cone angle and height.
Initial cutter path obtains through the biasing of approximate ruled surface, promptly at straight edge line two-end-point place along curved surface normal bias one tool radius.This initial cutter path is expressed with the cutter shaft track plane, is a ruled surface.Shown in formula (1), the cutter shaft track plane is by two border B-spline Curve P (t) and Q (t) expression, wherein N
I, k(u) be the basic function of B-spline curves, w
T=[b
0 T..., b
l T, d
0 T..., d
l T] ∈
6 (l+1), b
0..., b
lAnd d
0..., d
lBe respectively the control point of two B-spline curves, can be regarded as the shape control parameter of axis face; A, t are the curved surface parameter, and (a, t) ∈ [0,1] * [t
0, t
1].
(3) point of application-cutter Enveloped surface method is set up the cutter path global optimization model of following the error evaluation criterion, the maximum geometrical deviation after being optimized to the distance of error function compute classes ruled surface to the cutter enveloping surface.
Point-cutter Enveloped surface method to error function by formula (2) definition, the discrete point on p be type ruled surface wherein, X is the envelope surface of tool motion formation, S (w; A t) is the cutter shaft track plane, r (w; A t) is tool radius.This function about the first order differential increment of its shape control parameter w shown in formula (3).
Cutter path global optimization model can be summed up as the point cloud data { p that envelope surface X (w) that tool space motion generates obtains after class ruled surface discretization
i∈
3, the best uniform approximation problem of 1≤i≤n}, shown in formula (4), this optimization problem is also referred to as extreme difference minimization problem or Chebyshev approximation problem
Introduce slack variable ξ, above-mentioned non-differentiability unconstrained optimization problem is converted into as follows can little constrained optimization problems
(5)
Sequence linear programming algorithm is a kind of method commonly used when finding the solution constrained optimization problem; Its basic ideas are with object function and constraint function Taylor expansion at current Xie Chu; Keep linear term, find the solution approximate linear programming problem then and obtain new separating, so iterate until convergence.If (w
k, ξ
k) being current separating, near the feasible solution it is designated as (w
k+ Δ w, ξ
k+ Δ ξ).Note v
i=(S-p
i)/|| S-p
i||, obtain the corresponding linear planning problem thus:
Maximum geometrical deviation after the optimization is for optimizing the maximum of geometrical deviation between back type ruled surface and the cutter envelope surface.
(4) the maximum geometrical deviation after just optimizing compares with predetermined machining accuracy; Judge that can a type ruled surface reach requirement on machining accuracy by side milling; If the maximum geometrical deviation after optimizing is less than predetermined machining accuracy; Then such ruled surface can reach requirement on machining accuracy by side milling; Generate optimum cutter path, output cutter path file; Otherwise greater than predetermined machining accuracy, then such ruled surface can not side milling as if the maximum geometrical deviation after optimizing.
Concrete, above-mentioned optimum cutter path is meant and is satisfying under the prerequisite of machining accuracy, by the optimal solution of the cutter path global optimization problem cutter shaft track plane as the control point.The cutter path file is and the pairing cutter location file of post processor to have described the position and the direction of cutter.
Below be example with a circular cone cutter side milling processing type ruled surface integral wheel curved surface, but combine Fig. 2 to Fig. 9 that the side milling differentiation and the cutter path planing method of approaching based on best uniform is described, for class ruled surface integral wheel curved surface is cooked up high-quality cutter path.But, need to prove that method of the present invention also is applicable to the cutter path planning of other type side milling cutters such as cylinder cutter, drum knife.In addition, because of data volume is bigger, following examples only provide the data relevant with mismachining tolerance.
As shown in Figure 2, it is the discrete point cloud sketch map of the class ruled surface integral wheel spoon of blade of the embodiment of the invention.The class ruled surface integral wheel surface points cloud of present embodiment has 85 * 7=595 point and forms; These clouds also can be preserved by data file; And the class ruled surface that the present invention relates to is not limited to cloud data, is equally applicable to three-dimensional surface model, and is as shown in Figure 3.In the present embodiment, according to requirement on machining accuracy, the permission mismachining tolerance is 0.05mm, therefore, for this example, if the maximum geometric error after cutter path is optimized less than 0.05mm, but then such ruled surface is side milling, otherwise can not side milling.
In the side milling processing of integral wheel class part; The circular cone cutter can be realized the minor radius cutting of end under the prerequisite that guarantees rigidity, thereby avoids the interference and the not enough difficulty of minor radius post cutter rigidity of cutter end and workpiece, so present embodiment adopts the side milling processing of circular cone cutter type of carrying out ruled surface blade; Cutter parameters is as shown in Figure 4; Its end radius of circle is 3mm, and semi-cone angle is 5 °, highly is 30mm.The present invention is equally applicable to the side milling cutter of other type, like cylinder cutter, drum knife etc.
To given class ruled surface integral wheel surface points cloud; At first carry out the ruled surface match based on the least square principle, the ruled surface and the bus thereof that are obtained are as shown in Figure 5, and two border leads of this ruled surface are expressed as the form of B-spline Curve; Its knot vector evenly distributes; And 32 control points are respectively arranged, and because of data volume is bigger, present embodiment does not specifically provide these data.
As shown in Figure 6, on two borders of approximate ruled surface, respectively along Surface Method to offset or dish r
1And r
2, obtain initially discrete tool axis, and interpolation obtains two B-spline Curve, form initial cutter shaft track plane by these two curves as the border lead.In the present embodiment, offset or dish
Offset or dish r
2Except with radius of circle at the bottom of the cutter is relevant with semi-cone angle, also relevant with the straight edge line length of approximate ruled surface, its geometrical relationship can be tried to achieve with reference to figure 6.
Set up cutter path global optimization model according to formula (4), and application sequence linear programming algorithm is found the solution this optimization problem.In solution procedure, the normal error of point-cutter enveloping surface and the calculating of single order gradient thereof are respectively with reference to formula (2) and (3).In each step iteration optimization; Class ruled surface discrete point cloud is as shown in Figure 7 to the maximum geometrical deviation of cutter envelope surface; This value is by the 0.234mm that optimizes after preceding 0.676mm is reduced to optimization; This value is less than given permission mismachining tolerance 0.05mm, but this shows that such ruled surface is side milling, optimizes a back type ruled surface side milling processing geometrical deviation and distributes as shown in Figure 8.
According to the cutter shaft track plane after optimizing, obtain a series of point of a knife points position and cutter shaft unit vector through discrete, and be output as the cutter spacing data file, it is as shown in Figure 9 to optimize back tool motion profile, and this figure is merely sketch map, has therefore only provided 9 positions wherein.
The present invention has designed can type ruled surface reach requirement on machining accuracy through side milling distinguishing rule, and has provided high-quality cutter path through cutter path global optimization algorithm, and promptly type of being applicable to ruled surface threedimensional model also is applicable to the cloud data file.Therefore; Compared with prior art; The side milling processing method of of the present invention type of ruled surface integral wheel curved surface has overcome the problem that current side milling processing method only is applicable to the ruled surface blade; Five side milling process tool routes planning that can type of being applied to ruled surface integral wheel curved surface improve the applicability of existing side milling processing greatly, have greatly expanded the scope of application of side milling processing.And computational efficiency is high, and all processes can be accomplished automatically, realizes simple.
The above; It only is preferable embodiment of the present invention; Be not that the present invention is done any pro forma restriction; Any content that does not break away from technical scheme of the present invention according to any simple modification, equivalent variations and the modification that technical spirit of the present invention is done above embodiment, all belongs to the scope of technical scheme of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. the side milling processing method of a kind ruled surface integral wheel curved surface is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) according to class ruled surface integral wheel curved surface, obtain approximate ruled surface, and said approximate ruled surface adopts two border B-spline Curve to represent based on the least square principle;
(2), obtain discrete tool position and attitude through biasing means, and obtain initial cutter path through the B-spline curves interpolation according to approximate ruled surface that obtains and given cutter parameters;
(3) the compute classes ruled surface is set up the cutter path global optimization model of following the error evaluation criterion, the maximum geometrical deviation after being optimized to the distance of cutter enveloping surface;
(4) the maximum geometrical deviation after will optimizing compares with predetermined machining accuracy; Judge that can a type ruled surface reach requirement on machining accuracy by side milling; If the maximum geometrical deviation after optimizing is less than predetermined machining accuracy; Then such ruled surface can reach requirement on machining accuracy by side milling; Generate optimum cutter path, output cutter path file; Otherwise greater than predetermined machining accuracy, then such ruled surface can not side milling as if the maximum geometrical deviation after optimizing.
2. the side milling processing method of as claimed in claim 1 type of ruled surface integral wheel curved surface; It is characterized in that; Described type of ruled surface is three-dimensional surface model or surface points cloud data file, and type of approaching ruled surface discrete point cloud under said two border B-spline Curve least square meanings.
3. the side milling processing method of as claimed in claim 1 type of ruled surface integral wheel curved surface is characterized in that said initial cutter path is a ruled surface, adopts the cutter shaft track plane to represent, specifically adopts following formula to represent:
Wherein,
P (t) and two border B-spline Curve of Q (t) expression;
N
I, k(t) be the basic function of B-spline curves;
K is the exponent number of B-spline curves;
w
T=[b
0 T..., b
l T, d
0 T..., d
l T] ∈
6 (l+1), b
0..., b
lAnd d
0..., d
lBe respectively the control point of two B-spline curves, i.e. the shape of axis face control parameter;
L+1 is a B batten node number;
A, t are the curved surface parameter, and (a, t) ∈ [0,1] * [t
0, t
1];
t
0It is initial parameters; t
1It is terminal parameter.
4. the side milling processing method of as claimed in claim 1 type of ruled surface integral wheel curved surface is characterized in that, said cutter path global optimization model adopts following formula to represent:
Wherein, the envelope surface of X (w) expression tool space motion generation; { p
i∈
3, the sampled point on 1≤i≤n} representation class ruled surface, n is the number of sampled point,
3It is three dimensional euclidean space;
Be the distance of sampled point to the cutter enveloping surface,
Type of being ruled surface is to the ultimate range of enveloping surface;
5. the side milling processing method of as claimed in claim 1 type of ruled surface integral wheel curved surface is characterized in that, the maximum geometrical deviation after the said optimization is for optimizing the maximum of geometrical deviation between back type ruled surface and the cutter envelope surface.
6. the side milling processing method of as claimed in claim 1 type of ruled surface integral wheel curved surface; It is characterized in that; Said optimum cutter path is being for to satisfy under the prerequisite of machining accuracy, by the optimal solution of the cutter path global optimization problem cutter shaft track plane as the control point; Said cutter path file is the pairing cutter location file of post processor, specifically describes the position and the direction of cutter.
7. the side milling processing method of as claimed in claim 1 type of ruled surface integral wheel curved surface, described side milling cutter adopts any rotating tool, specifically can adopt cylinder cutter, circular cone cutter or drum knife.
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