CN102792801A

CN102792801A - Method of returning straw and sod smoldered soil to field

Info

Publication number: CN102792801A
Application number: CN2012103065070A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王光敏
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2012-08-27
Filing date: 2012-08-27
Publication date: 2012-11-28
Anticipated expiration: 2032-08-27
Also published as: CN102792801B

Abstract

The invention discloses a method of returning straw and sod smoldered soil to a field, relates to a high-efficiency utilization method of agricultural biological resources and belongs to the field of comprehensive utilization of agricultural resources. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: collecting straws of harvested crops, stubbles of the crops and coherent soil layer together; mixing and stacking; smoldering; and returning the smoldered ash to the field to grow crops. The method is easy and convenient to implement and low in cost; and compared with open burning, the emission of carbon dioxide is greatly reduced, and weed seeds, pests, eggs, pathogenic bacteria and viruses in the sod can be killed off. The soil can also be improved by the smoldered ash, the potassium fertilizer content is high, easy absorption of the crops is enabled, the root development of the crops can be promoted, the growth is robust, the amount of used pesticide and chemical fertilizer is reduced, and the method is an effective measure for developing organic agriculture and low-carbon agriculture.

Description

The stewing soil of stalk turf returns the field method

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of stalk, turf returns the field technology, belongs to the comprehensive utilization of living resources.

Background technology

Stalk is the cauline leaf in crops, the discarded object after the crops results.Turf is harvested stubble soil layer of crops and the spontaneous all over the mountains and plains weeds root system soil layer together with them.Go into after the winter, weeds are exhausted at leisure, and ripe grass-seed is scattered on the turf, and some agriculture insects also begin hibernation, are hidden in these turfs.

China can produce the stalk of more than 700,000,000 ton of crops every year, adds the wild weeds in place such as deserted mountain, beach, ridge.Enormous amount, broad covered area.These renewable resourcess at present, are not rationally utilized greatly, and turf falls into disuse year after year, and stalk mostly is abandoned or open incineration, has not only wasted resource, has also polluted environment, discharges a large amount of greenhouse gases, carbonic acid gas.

Along with the reach of science, the progress of society, in recent years, many inventors have carried out bold exploration in the development and use of stalk, research.Someone advocates its direct pulverizing is returned the field, and the someone advocates to develop biogas with its generating, or processes solid fuel replacement coal or the like with it.These methods can both make stalk change energy effectively into and serve for human.But in reality, yet some drawback: 1. directly return the field, fertilizer efficiency is not high, and it is also slow to produce effects, because stalk only increases the organic matter of soil in the back of rotting, could benefit in the crops.Directly return the field, not only crops can not directly absorb, but also indirect protection the breeding of worm, bacterium, grass, moreover high temperature can damage the root system of crops when rotting, produce " evil root ".If after the rotten agent processing of stalks cutting adding, return the field with the fertile phosphate fertilizer of carbon is mixed again, fertilizer efficiency has like this, but it is originally agricultural to operate time-consuming increase again, and general planting is difficult to accomplish.2. use straw power generation, do biogas, make biofuel, because that the commentaries on classics of stalk can be worth is low, these usages all will be invested earlier, invest big income and not quite often, and to gather in the crops also be seasonable to stalk in addition, and the source of goods can not be arranged throughout the year.3. the large scale collection stalk can bring pressure to road, and environment pollutes, and storage increases cost, and the influence in weather and season also can bring many inconvenience, and the enthusiasm of peasant's delivery is not high.

Summary of the invention

To the deficiency of above-mentioned technology, 1 year situation of serious stalk open incineration contaminated environment more particularly than 1 year, the present invention adopts stewing soil to return the field; Exactly stalk, turf are collected in together, mix in heapsly, carry out smoldering, smoldering is to a certain degree, and stalk burnouts and becomes ash, and the turf blackout has become dirt, and they are returned plantation crops, field on the spot.Stalk and turf mix, liberated heat and carbonic acid gas when lighting straw burning, and the gland that receives turf can outwards not distribute in a large number, and turf contains the root stubble of dried-up weeds and crops; The space is arranged each other, can not press fire extinguishing, become smoldering at leisure, the carbon component in the flue gas is adsorbed on the turf; And form high temperature and make the fine earth slaking, harden, be difficult for dissolving, high temperature also kills worm and the worm's ovum in the turf; Root of weeds and seed, and microorganism, also killing pathogenic bacteria and virus.Through stewing smoked mellow soil, together with the ashes behind the straw burning, become good fertilizer like this, potash fertilizer content is high.Agric is difficult for hardening after returning the field, and the crops well developed root system of cultivation is grown early, and growing way is good, strengthens the ability of the disease-resistant worm of drought-enduring waterlogging.Be to capture grain high and stable yields, the effective measures of development rural area low-carbon economy, green economy.The stewing soil of stalk returns the field, has controlled the harm that the open incineration contaminated environment is brought to the mankind, brings up huge many organic manure again, produces more how healthy and safe agricultural product, and the plantation people can obtain the benefit of reality, and spontaneous enthusiasm is arranged.Be agriculture field, the sustainable development path of a science.

Description of drawings

Figure is the cultivated sketch map that digs of field ditch furrow behind the rice.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is described further, and attaches embodiment.

The stewing soil of stalk turf returns the field, is according to different regions, Various Seasonal and weather, and the kind of stalk and what, the width of plantation field piece furrow ditch, combine sowing a kind of method of enforcement flexibly: 1. the stalk after will gathering in the crops thoroughly dries and takes good care of; 2. stewing native operation is taken advantage of and day fine is carried out when dry; 3. earlier hold the field piece successfully furrow ditch (light trench digging furrow are not ploughed example: kind wheat in field behind the rice, the wide 350-400cm of furrow, no-tillage, the dark 30cm of furrow width 25cm); 4. the stalk that dries is divided equally several times; Spread out completely by ditch, stalk presses above with machinery and revolves the turf that cuts the furrow surface down below; Gland is 2-3 time so repeatedly; Until using up when the field stalk, the furrow surface is also revolved to cut comprehensively and is got turf for one time and be used for stewing soil, also can get the turf gland in other places such as ridge deserted mountains; 5. light the bottom stalk, burn at leisure by it and step back, gained dirt is gone out the furrow ditch clearly evenly return in the furrow; 6. be affixed by the fertile phosphate fertilizer of carbon when sowing, carry out moisture and supply with; 7. smoldering is unsuitable oversize blanking time with sowing, prevents many and reduce actual effect through the sleet sky.

The stewing fertile method strictness of stalk is different from open incineration, though some smog also during smoldering, this is steam mostly, and harmful smokes such as carbonic acid gas have been adsorbed on the transfer of turf soil layer and have become fertilizer.Return chemical fertilizer capable of reducing using behind the field.General one mu of field stewing system 40-60 load dirt.Crops can obviously be increased production in plantation.

Embodiment

Implement the stewing soil of stalk in the southern Jiangsu in 2012 and make base manure plantation watermelon situation.Place: in the Yong Yang town, Lishui County, Nanjing in the tight rough bamboo mat in mountain village.

The field area is 2.2 mu behind the rice.Japonica rice harvesting back straw was 2500 jin in 2011, divided 6 buttress to pile up after drying and worked as Tanaka.Go into to hold successfully before the winter and enclose ditch, plough and ploughed the furrow ditch, the dark 30cm of furrow width 60cm (suitable for reading), wide 250-300cm is no-tillage for furrow.Boiled in a covered pot over a slow fire native operation on March 28th, 2012, at twice hack is frozen on straw and ditch two sides and cover in the ditch after the smoldering, with 160 jin of composite fertilizers, pig manure 40 loads all are sprinkling upon on the stewing soil, are that the center is closed and ploughed into the wide about 100cm of little furrow with the ditch.Transplant 670 strains of grafting melon seedling meter on April 6, cover mulch film (not covering the plastics hut), water in the filling.(watermelon is the long shoot crop, and strain is few relatively, and the melon seedling can directly be planted on the little furrow of stewing soil, and stewing soil needn't scatter).Imposed 120 jin of 140 jin of superphosphate of carbon ammonium afterwards and close the about 150cm of wide little furrow, big furrow are still no-tillage, implement to accomplish.This method saving of labor, but 2 one-tenth of Shaoshi chemical fertilizer, The yield of watermelon is high.Quality is good.

Mid-June, watermelon was ripe, received 17500 jin of watermelons, nearly 8000 jin of per mu yield full season altogether.Stewing soil species is planted (with leaving one section stewing soil many to fertilize 2 one-tenths relatively), and survival rate is high, grows morning; The watermelon growing way is strong, ripe fast the listing early, and disease-resistant rate is strong; Melon is poured water in the full field of drought resisting in mid-term can be not sick yet, and the later stage decline is slow, and the phase of picking is long; Every mu can increase production 4 one-tenth more than, 3500 yuan of complete actual synergy of season, 1600 yuan of every mu of synergy.

Claims

1. the stewing soil of stalk turf returns the field method, it is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:

(1) stalk after will gathering in the crops thoroughly dries and takes good care of; As long as a bit can burn the biological straw that burnouts can both throw in stewing soil;

(2) stewing soil is implemented to carry out on the spot, holds the field piece successfully ditch earlier, and light trench digging furrow are not ploughed (example: kind wheat in field behind the rice, furrow are wide can be at 350-400cm, no-tillage, the dark 30cm of wide 25cm ditches) earlier;

(3) stalk that dries is divided equally several times, spread out completely by ditch, stalk presses above with machinery and revolves the turf that cuts the furrow surface down below, and 2-3 time so repeatedly, until using up when the field stalk, the furrow surface is also revolved comprehensively and cut one time;

(4) light the bottom stalk by its smoldering at leisure, after burning is moved back cooling, gained dirt is gone out the furrow ditch clearly evenly return in the furrow;

(5) combine sowing, the dirt after the smoldering is evenly let go, it is fertile to make base manure or lid.

2. turf according to claim 1 is gathered in the crops with professed machine, for example rotovator.

3. smoldering according to claim 1 is implemented generally to carry out planting to broadcast a few days ago; Blanking time, how length can reduce actual effect through the sleet sky.

4. smoldering enforcement according to claim 1 is need be in the sky fine to be carried out when dry; Straw burning is thorough more, and heat that outwards distributes and flue gas are few more, and stewing dirt effect is also just good more.

5. smoldering according to claim 1 is implemented can be according to different regions, and Various Seasonal and weather combine kind and what of stalk, sow the difference of plant and the width of field piece furrow ditch, and carry out flexibly.