CN102786223A - High-strength glass fiber composition - Google Patents
High-strength glass fiber composition Download PDFInfo
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- CN102786223A CN102786223A CN2012103088886A CN201210308888A CN102786223A CN 102786223 A CN102786223 A CN 102786223A CN 2012103088886 A CN2012103088886 A CN 2012103088886A CN 201210308888 A CN201210308888 A CN 201210308888A CN 102786223 A CN102786223 A CN 102786223A
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C13/00—Fibre or filament compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C1/00—Ingredients generally applicable to manufacture of glasses, glazes, or vitreous enamels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/083—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound
- C03C3/085—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal
- C03C3/087—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal containing calcium oxide, e.g. common sheet or container glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/089—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron
- C03C3/091—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/095—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing rare earths
Abstract
The invention relates to a high-strength glass fiber which has an excellent mechanical property and a product of the glass fiber. The high-strength glass fiber can serve as an ideal enhancing base material of a high-performance composite material and is applied widely in the fields of windmill blades, space shuttles and the like, which have high requirements for the specific strength and the specific elasticity modulus. The system is characterized in that calcinated aluminum oxide serves as on of the raw materials, impurities in glass compositions are reduced, the diathermancy of molten glass is improved, the energy consumption is reduced, and the stability of glass fiber drawing operation is improved greatly. The glass fiber with the compositions is required to be produced by direct drawing on a specific tank furnace, the electric boosting input energy of the tank furnace accounts for more than 20% of the total energy input, and more than 60% of the electric boosting energy is applied to raw material melting areas. The fiber mainly comprises 56-65 wt.% of SiO2, 18.5-25.8 wt.% of Al2O3, 11.5-23.0 wt.% of RO (RO is sum of CaO, MgO, SrO and BaO), 0.1-1.0 wt.% of CeO2 and 0.1-0.8 wt.% of Li2O.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the excellent high strength glass fiber of a kind of mechanical property, this spun glass can be applied in the high performance composite field that the simple glass fiber is difficult to arrive intensity, rigidity requirement.The invention still further relates to the high strength glass fiber goods.
Background technology
The most frequently used glass composition that is used to make the continuous glass fibre precursor is a non-alkali glass, strengthens the matrix material that resin can obtain excellent property with its.But expansion day by day along with the alkali free glass fibre Application Areas; With regard to the present mechanical property of alkali free glass fibre; It can not satisfy the requirement of light-duty military weapon, aerospace parts, special purpose trolley part and field of wind power generation far away, all need seek to be fit to have more HS, erosion resistance and the light matrix material of high thermal resistance good quality.
Can make this matrix material satisfy the requirements at the higher level in these fields through improving fortifying fibre.
To above situation, scientific research institution of many enterprises has carried out big quantity research, to improve spun glass mechanics mechanical property by every means.Like USP 3402055, its tensile strength is significantly increased than alkali free glass fibre, but its liquidus temperature is up to more than 1471 ℃; The bushing temperature is up to 1571 ℃; The production difficulty is very big, has increased the erosion of glass metal to the kiln refractory materials, has shortened the life-span of platinum bushing; Improved its production cost greatly, therefore be difficult to apply.Like Chinese patent 94111349.3; In order to improve the crystallization property of glass; More a large amount of introducings Fe2O3, influence the melting properties of glass metal but Fe2O3 introduces the excessive diathermancy that can reduce glass metal, and obviously make spun glass painted; Too much Fe2O3 also is prone to be reduced to fe by molybdenum electrode, causes the platinum bushing to produce intoxication accident.
In view of above situation,, electronics military for satisfying and industry needs such as civilian the invention describes and a kind ofly both can increase substantially the mechanics mechanical property than alkali free glass fibre, and have the reinforcing glass fiber than high performance-price ratio.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to problem to above-mentioned existence; A kind of composition high strength glass fiber composition reasonable in design is proposed; Reduce the fiberization temperature of spun glass, reduce task difficulty, improve tensile strength, temperature tolerance, erosion resistance and the acid resistance of spun glass simultaneously.High strength glass fiber composition according to the invention contains Fe through introducing
2O
3Lower calcined oxide aluminium substitution agalmatolite reduces impurity and introduces the purity that has guaranteed to change glass ingredient, has kept the mechanical strength of said composition most possibly, has also improved the diathermancy of glass metal simultaneously, cuts down the consumption of energy stably manufactured.The present invention introduces about 6-12% through using an amount of blast furnace slag according to concrete needs, reaches to reduce fusing difficulty and the purpose that reduces energy consumption.
This glass formula makes it be in the high-temperature stable compositing area through the blend proportion of adjusting silicon, aluminium, magnesium on the basis of traditional silicon, aluminium, magnesium TERNARY GLASS, and has guaranteed the mechanics mechanical property of final fiber through adjustment three ratio.
Compsn of the present invention comprises: 56-65wt%SiO
2, 18.5-25.8wt% Al
2O
3, 11.5-23wt%RO (RO is CaO, MgO, SrO and BaO sum), the alkalimetal oxide of 0-2.5%; Greater than 0.15% less than 1.0% CeO2;
In order effectively to improve tensile strength of fiber, acid resistance, temperature tolerance and the erosion resistance of spun glass, improve the melting properties of admixtion, improve the devitrification behavior of glass, in the whole glass ingredient with SiO
2Get about 56-65wt% Al
2O
3Get 18.5-25.8wt%, sum of the two is not less than 78wt%.Fiberization temperature and the high-temperature viscosity of while in order to reduce spun glass, in the work-ing life of prolongation platinum bushing, the MgO content that the present invention is fit to is 7-16wt%.
The glass melting temperature of above-mentioned SiO2-Al2O3-MgO system is high; Clarify relatively poor and wire-drawing operation is difficult; To the characteristics of this glass composition, adopt fluorite and boron cpd as fusing assistant in the traditional glass fiber, but the equal highly volatile of fluorine wherein and boron is very harmful to atmosphere.Not fluorine-containing fully in the present invention and boron, thus destruction reduced to the bulk glass bond structure.
To the characteristics of this glass composition, it is single to introduce chemical ingredients in the glass composition of the present invention, and the Calcined polishing aluminum oxide that Fe2O3 content is lower replaces a certain amount of agalmatolite; Both reduced the applying pressure of pyrophyllite deposit; Can reduce the unnecessary impurity in the glass again, improve the diathermancy of glass metal, effectively reduce the fiberization temperature of glass metal; Reduced the applying pressure of path temperature and kiln; And obviously improved the color of spun glass, alleviated corrosion, prolonged the work-ing life of bushing the platinum bushing.
Calcined polishing aluminum oxide is with bauxite (Al
2O
3H
2O and Al
2O
33H
2O) pulverize the back with high temperature hydrogen sodium hydroxide solution dipping, obtain sodium aluminate solution; Cross and filter to remove residue, the cooling and add aluminum hydroxide crystals of will filtrating, through stirring for a long time, sodium aluminate solution can divide and parses aluminum hydroxide precipitation; Precipitate and separate is come out to clean,, just obtain alpha-alumina powder (mother liquor reusable edible) again at 950-1200 ℃ temperature lower calcination.
Clear up problems in order further to improve glass metal, the CeO2 less than 1% mixes use with process incinerating blast furnace slag greater than 0.15% in interpolation, reaches good clarifying effect.The CeO2 addition did not have obvious effects less than 0.15% o'clock, and usage quantity is greater than after 1%, and not only cost obviously raises but also clarifying effect not have the further trend of growth.Cerium oxide is the oxide compound that appraises at the current rate, and the cerium dioxide pyrolytic decomposition goes out oxygen, and 1 degree centigrade of ability of the every rising of temperature isolated oxygen from its Chemical bond key is many more, and clarification is big more.And the solubility with temperature of oxygen raises and reduces, thus the generation clarification.Prescription according to the invention needs higher glass melting temperature, and cerium oxide is the finings that suits.In reaction, emit simultaneously the oxygen of nascent state, also can be with iron (Fe at a low price
2+) be oxidized to red oxide of iron, further reduce glass coloring, because trivalent Fe
3+Tinting strength only be equivalent to Fe
2+1/10, so in use, can increase the usage quantity of blast furnace slag.Cerium oxide has also played the effect of glass chemistry discoloring agent in this prescription, cerium oxide has higher oxidation potential, thus better than traditional finings, have splendid combining with using simultaneously through the incinerating blast furnace slag.
Because oxygen is emitted in the valence state change under the CeO2 high temperature, can play clarifying effect by stirred glass liquid on the one hand, oxidizing atmosphere can make its reductibility of the better balance of blast furnace slag on the other hand.
Because the more common alkali free glass fibre of this glass formula clarification processing temperature rises about 140 ℃, in order to solve fusing and to clear up problems, at first electricity fusing-aid shared energy distribution ratio in whole fusing has been adjusted in design; Common E glass can not have steady and continuous production on the kiln of electricity fusing-aid.And the production of this glass formula, electricity fusing-aid becomes requisite assembly.Electricity fusing-aid is to adopt electrode directly to insert the mode of glass metal heating, and capacity usage ratio is high, and near the temperature of glass liquid the electrode can have good effect to forcing the glass metal fusing up to more than 1700 ℃.Increase melting area and the electricity fusing-aid power of settling section and the job stabilization that energy input can improve this glass formula effectively.Electricity fusing-aid energy input ratio is crossed to hang down and can be caused glass melting slow, is easy to generate during wire drawing and does not melt raw material calculus completely, makes the flow operation at full capacity of wire-drawing operation, can not satisfy the quantity-produced requirement; The too high meeting of electricity fusing-aid energy input ratio causes temperature of glass liquid wayward and all temperature of glass liquid is not too high; Quicken the erosion of kiln refractory materials; And can produce more blub; Found simulation and the actual adjustment of kiln through laboratory repeatedly, finally confirmed electricity fusing-aid energy input ratio between 20%-35% according to the thawing settling time of this prescription admixtion, the input of the energy consumption of melting area accounts for the whole 60-85% that founds the kiln energy input and can obtain fine melting rate and clarifying glass.Electricity fusing-aid power input melting area accounts for the 40-60% of total electricity fusing-aid power, settling section 30-35%, and melting area and settling section electricity fusing-aid power summation are no less than 72%; The electricity fusing-aid electric current is not higher than 420A, and voltage is not higher than 120V, the cooling of electrodes use water cycle, and the watercooling jacket temperature can not be above 800 ℃. can produce direct wire-drawing shape on the suitable platinum rhodium bushing of E glass after this glass composition fusing homogenizing.
The fibrosis performance of glass composition of the present invention comprises: fiberization temperature, liquidus temperature and △ T.Fiberization temperature is defined as the temperature that viscosity is 1000 pools; Reduce fiberization temperature, can increase operation annex work-ing life, be easy to produce, reduce production costs greatly.Liquidus temperature is defined as glass liquid state equilibrated top temperature between the matrix cystal phase with it, is easy to form crystal when being lower than this temperature, and fiberizing is interrupted.Another fibrosis performance is △ T, is defined as the poor of fiberization temperature and liquidus temperature, and bigger △ T helps fiberizing, has reduced the control requirement to process facility, is easy to control and reduces production costs.
The admixtion of glass of the present invention preferably comprises above institute determinant and processes fiber and have and be lower than about 1300 ℃ fiberization temperature and at least about 70 ℃ △ T.The fiber of this glass composition preparation has above the tensile strength of fiber of alkali free glass fibre more than 20%.
This glass ingredient is owing to remove the very capable fluorine-containing mineral of fluxing fully; The fusing clarification of glass becomes difficult; Use the lower Calcined polishing aluminum oxide of Fe2O3 content as a kind of main raw material through a large amount of experimental exploring and parameter simulation, can effectively improve the melting capacity of glass metal.Add CeO2 and in design, considered clearing up problems of high-viscosity glass liquid.The CeO2 addition did not have obvious effects less than 0.15% o'clock, and CeO2 is higher than at 1% o'clock, and effect is little, and the color of glass is also had certain influence.Steel-making sub product-the blast furnace slag that meanwhile has greater activity has also improved the fusing and the clarification of this glass greatly as a kind of main raw material.
Among the present invention; Except that mentioned component; Introduce total amount compositions such as 2% TiO2, SrO, ZnO, Fe2O3, P2O5, MnO2, ZrO2, Cr2O3, Y2O3 at the most; The introducing of these compositions is played improvement effect energetically to the glass high-temperature stability, has also further improved the tensile strength of spun glass.
The present invention also comprises a kind of matrix material, and this matrix material strengthens base material with above-mentioned spun glass as ideal exactly.This matrix material is applicable in the application of and low weight higher in the strength and stiffness requirement and uses, comprises defence and military, electronic application, civilian industry and other association areas.
Followingly according to case study on implementation the present invention is elaborated, the embodiment glass of listing in the table 1 is formed the composition that all is based on claim of the present invention.
Embodiment 1,
Aluminum oxide after removing impurity is after 1100 ℃ of left and right sides are fully calcined, and control moisture is in 1.0%, and iron level is about 0.15%, and granularity is controlled at 200 order all-pass mistakes;
From the blast furnace slag of steel-making blast furnace through high temperature chilling more than 1300 ℃; Carry out the deironing system handles, detect the control iron level, pulverize with Raymond mill smaller or equal to 0.3%; Produce needed granularity (300 order all-pass are crossed) to spun glass; Oxidation-reduction quality according to the blast furnace slag that detects in the time of grinding adds a certain amount of oxidative compound mediation, as, vitriol (about 1 ton of blast furnace slag adds 1 to the 10Kg oxidative compound).
Take by weighing 150Kg Calcined polishing aluminum oxide, blast furnace slag that the 100Kg grinding is good; Detect its composition; According to formula calculation, add about 1 ton of the admixtion that raw mineral materialss such as 130Kg Natural manganese dioxide, 30Kg unslaked lime, 620Kg silica sand are mixed with composition such as table 1, add in addition be not more than total dosage weight ratio 1% CeO2 as finings; Fusion is founded in the tank furnace of electricity fusing-aid structure; Be delivered directly on the platinum rhodium bushing wire drawing through abundant clarifying glass uniform glass liquid through passage and process spun glass, detect 1341 ℃ of spun glass temperature, 81 ℃ of △ T; Young's modulus 93.2Gpa, tensile strength 4450Mpa, fiber isotropic modulus compare with common no alkali fiber and improve approximately 20%, and tensile strength improves about 40%.
Embodiment 2, take by weighing 225Kg Calcined polishing aluminum oxide, blast furnace slag that the 80Kg grinding is good like embodiment 1, detect its composition; According to formula calculation, add about 1 ton of the admixtion that raw mineral materialss such as 98Kg Natural manganese dioxide 55Kg unslaked lime, 559Kg silica sand are mixed with composition such as table 1, the drawn glass fiber is founded in fusion in tank furnace; Detect 1358 ℃ of spun glass temperature; 93 ℃ of △ T, Young's modulus 94.2Gpa, tensile strength 4610Mpa.
Embodiment 3, take by weighing 175Kg Calcined polishing aluminum oxide, blast furnace slag that the 60Kg grinding is good like embodiment 1, detect its composition; According to formula calculation, add about 1 ton of the admixtion that raw mineral materialss such as 122Kg Natural manganese dioxide 27Kg unslaked lime, 600Kg silica sand are mixed with composition such as table 1, the drawn glass fiber is founded in fusion in tank furnace; Detect 1349 ℃ of spun glass temperature; 81 ℃ of △ T, Young's modulus 93.8Gpa, tensile strength 4550Mpa.
Embodiment 4, take by weighing 190Kg Calcined polishing aluminum oxide, blast furnace slag that the 95Kg grinding is good like embodiment 1, detect its composition; According to formula calculation, add about 1 ton of the admixtion that raw mineral materialss such as 40Kg Natural manganese dioxide 92Kg unslaked lime, 580Kg silica sand are mixed with composition such as table 1, the drawn glass fiber is founded in fusion in tank furnace; Detect 1349 ℃ of spun glass temperature; 94 ℃ of △ T, Young's modulus 94.6Gpa, tensile strength 4410Mpa.
Embodiment 5, take by weighing 200Kg Calcined polishing aluminum oxide, blast furnace slag that the 95Kg grinding is good like embodiment 1, detect its composition; According to formula calculation, add 65Kg Natural manganese dioxide, raw mineral materialss such as 68g unslaked lime, 590Kg silica sand are mixed with about 1 ton of the admixtion of composition such as table 1; The drawn glass fiber is founded in fusion in tank furnace, detects 1356 ℃ of spun glass temperature, 95 ℃ of △ T; Young's modulus 95Gpa, tensile strength 4690Mpa.
Table 1
Chemical constitution according to listed each prescription of last table calculates various raw material institute expense; Accurately mix after the weighing and be mixed with admixtion; This admixtion is added in the electricity fusing-aid kiln; Glass melting temperature is in 1490-1550 ℃ of scope, and the glass metal that melts is drawn into high strength glass fiber by the platinum rhodium bushing.Spun glass filament strength of the present invention all improves more than 38% apparently higher than E spun glass and external no boron floride-free glass fibre, and Young's modulus improves more than 15%.
Claims (10)
1. high strength glass fiber composition; It is characterized in that using silica sand, calcination aluminum oxide, calcining slag, unslaked lime, Natural manganese dioxide prescription to make, use the silica sand of 52-63%, the calcination aluminum oxide of 15-23.5%, the blast furnace slag of 6-12%, the unslaked lime of 3-9.5%, the Natural manganese dioxide combined ingredient of 4-12.5% to make by weight respectively through melt drawing;
Wherein, Calcined polishing aluminum oxide accounts for the 14.5-19.5% of total admixtion; The shared material rate of blast furnace slag is 6-12%; Use in the raw material fully the not compound of boracic and fluorine;
Calcined polishing aluminum oxide is the high-purity mangesium oxide aluminum feedstock that adopts " Bayer process " to make, and obtains alpha-alumina powder through 950-1200 ℃ temperature lower calcination; Water ratio≤1.0%, iron level≤0.15%;
The blast furnace slag that is adopted in the formula material is the product after the steel-making, after steps of processing, could use;
1) blast furnace slag that adopts is through high temperature (1300 ℃) above chillings (shrend); The content of Fe is smaller or equal to 0.3% in this blast furnace slag, and objectionable constituent such as boracic and fluorine not fully;
2) carry out grinding behind the blast furnace slag employing equipment for removing ferric ion removal ferrous contaminants to chilling and reach the granularity requirements that 300 order all-pass are crossed, in the homogenizing storehouse, carry out homogenizing then.
2. like a kind of glass composition that is used to make high-performance enhancement type spun glass of claim, it comprises:
56-65?wt%?SiO
2;
18.5-25.8?wt%?Al
2O
3;
11.5-23wt% RO, wherein RO is CaO, MgO, SrO and BaO sum;
The alkalimetal oxide of 0-2.5%.
3. require 1 said glass composition like power, also comprise less than 0.1% greater than 0.15% CeO2.
4. require 1 said glass composition like power, wherein, the CaO+MgO sum is no less than 11% by weight, is not more than 21.5%; MgO/ (CaO+MgO)>=0.25, MgO/ (CaO+MgO)≤0.7.
5. require 1 said glass composition like power, wherein, SiO by weight
2+ Al
2O
3Sum is no less than 78%.
6. glass composition as claimed in claim 1 is founded in having the common refractory tank furnace of electricity fusing-aid structure, and electricity fusing-aid accounts for more than 20% of energy input total amount; The energy consumption input of melting area accounts for the whole 60-85% that founds the kiln energy input.
7. glass composition as claimed in claim 1, wire drawing fiberization temperature are not higher than 1350 ℃ of difference △ T with fiberization temperature and crystallization ceiling temperature and are not less than 80 ℃.
8. glass composition as claimed in claim 1 adopts the direct wire-drawing operation production of common platinum rhodium bushing.
9. said composition according to claim 1 also comprises ZnO, TiO2, ZrO2, Fe2O3, Y2O3, MnO2 that total amount by weight is no more than 2 wt%.
10. glass composition as claimed in claim 1, the tensile strength of its spun glass is for being not less than 4400MP, Young's modulus is not less than 90GPa, and make glass fiber reinforced plastics composite material.
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