CN102782255A

CN102782255A - Composite boundary layer turbine

Info

Publication number: CN102782255A
Application number: CN2010800548800A
Authority: CN
Inventors: E·A·威尔逊; D·霍尔特
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2009-11-04
Filing date: 2010-11-04
Publication date: 2012-11-14
Also published as: EP2496792A4; EP2496792A1; US20130039742A1; WO2011057019A1; JP2013510267A

Abstract

A turbine includes a plurality of stacked disks, each disk comprising an opening in the center of the disk, which forms a central flow chamber. The turbine further includes a first disk that is coupled to a bottom of the plurality of stacked disks. The first disk does not have an opening in the center like the stacked disks. There is a plurality of disk spacers positioned between one or more of the plurality of stacked disks, thereby creating flow channels between the disks. The flow channels extend from an outside perimeter of the stacked disks to the central flow chamber. A tapered armature is coupled to the first disk and positioned within the central flow chamber, and a fluid collection unit is in communication with the outside perimeter of the stacked disks.

Description

The composite material boundary layer turbines

Technical field

The application relates to the turbo machine field, and in one embodiment but relate to a kind of composite material boundary layer turbines without limitation.

Related application

The application requires in the U.S. Provisional Patent Application sequence number No.61/257 of submission on November 4th, 2009,988 preference, and it quotes in full in this for your guidance.

Background technique

Boundary layer turbines can be traced back to 1913, the original patent that Nikola Tesla submits to.Yet the large-scale turbo machine of success is not made and sold to part in the last hundred years owing to be the materials limitations of metal.Related domain needs the boundary layer turbines of economically viable and commericially feasible.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 illustrates the partial cross section with the turbine disk that piles up and the exemplary embodiment of coiling spacer element.

Fig. 2 illustrates the turbine disk and coils the some differently contoured exemplary embodiment of the fluid flowing passage that forms by these.

Fig. 3 illustrates the top plan cross section of the turbo machine and the exemplary embodiment of the fluid collector unit that is attached to this turbo machine.

Fig. 4 illustrates the sectional view of the exemplary embodiment of turbo machine, and this turbo machine comprises the turbine disk that piles up and is positioned at the dish spacer element on the dish and comprises the center flow chamber and the taper armature.

Fig. 5 illustrates another cross section of turbo machine shown in Figure 4, and the turbo machine that is attached to energy conversion unit further is shown.

Fig. 6 A and 6B illustrate the perspective view and the top plan view of the working fluid collector unit that is attached to turbo machine respectively.

Fig. 7 illustrates the half the top perspective that comprises the bounding point and the dish of dish spacer element.

Fig. 8 illustrates the top plan view of the exemplary embodiment of the turbine disk with position dish spacer element on it.

Fig. 9 is the perspective view of the turbine disk that piles up.

Embodiment

In ensuing specification, describe with reference to the accompanying drawing of a part that constitutes specification, wherein, show the specific embodiment of practical application through diagramatic way.These embodiments' description is enough in detail so that those of ordinary skills can embodiment of the present invention, and should be appreciated that other embodiments also are operable and can carrying out structure, logic and other changes without departing from the scope of the invention.Therefore, do not carry out the ensuing description of exemplary embodiment, and scope of the present invention is defined by the following claims with limiting mode.

Up to now, part is owing to the material behavior of metal used in this turbo machine structure, so large-scale dish turbo machine and compressor are not realized yet.Along with the appearance of novel aeronautical technology, composite material is pulled to the forward position in market owing to the characteristic that high tenacity and low weight (reduce to sometimes equal steel structure 6 percent) can be provided.In addition, utilize novel composite material and resin, can make the large-scale dish assembly that meets low inertia requirement, thereby the solution of feasible for example wind turbine is provided.Further use and extend to a small amount of underground heat, steam and waterpower application.

Utilize new technique, composite material is pulled to the forward position in market owing to the characteristic that high tenacity and low weight can be provided.Utilize advanced composite material (ACM), resin and curing system in advance, can make the large-scale dish assembly that meets low inertia requirement, thereby light weight and firm turbo machine are provided.

One or more embodiments in the present disclosure relate to a kind of composite material wind turbine that comprises the disc type boundary layer turbines design of piling up.Embodiment combine to be positioned at a series of dishes that pile up on the vertical axis and be positioned at the closed power part enclosure shaft type or do not have armature axis (armature, armature).Fluid (air) stream is collected diffuser (collection diffuser) zone (working fluid collector unit) through the big opening that points to wind direction and is got into.In one embodiment, collecting diffuser is funnel shaped, therefore axially is restricted towards the wind volume of power section, and makes it get into the Variable Area inlet diffuser.Fluid stream is caused between a series of dishes that pile up and through diffuser gets into the center flow passage between the said dish.Flow channel between each dish is to be formed by the dish spacer element (support) between each dish.The dish spacer element is the improvement of previous geometrical shape, therefore increases the energy extraction efficiency between the own surface area of fluid stream, mechanical property, geometrical shape and dish.The fluid that moves on comfortable each panel surface of the most of power source that in the turbine power part, extracts.By means of viscosity in the fluid boundary layer and adhesive quality, fluid pulls on each dish, and when the fluid reduction of speed, transfers its energy to each dish.Fluid stream is derived from the external margin of each dish, and the flow cavity in the middle of flowing to contacts with helical with swirl cone or taper armature, and is derived turbo machine.

Fig. 1 illustrates the one or more embodiments' that are used for present disclosure dish that piles up 100 and dish spacer element 110.The periphery of Fig. 1 mid-game 100 is tapers.Dish 100 comprises the part 107 and empty air gap part 108 that combines two and half dishes.Fig. 2 illustrates and can be used for coiling other profiles of 100, comprises oval 205, concave type taper 210, half elliptic 215, rectangle 220, the taper 225 of extending, half pointed (half point) 230, pointed (full point) 235, passivation half pointed 240 and globular model (rounded tip) 245 and 250 entirely.Each profile among Fig. 2 and the various combination of these profiles show different fluids dynamics in different embodiments.For example, in 210 in the embodiment that disk center reduces gradually, because the speed of the working fluid of Venturi effect impact disc will increase.Likewise, if a pair of

dish

210 and 215 formation fluid passage 216A and 216B, then the fluid of 216A place entering dish group its during near the intermediate point of each dish speed will increase, speed reduces when it gets into 216B then.These are differently contoured and set of contours credit union causes coiling the rotating speed increase and power output increases, as explaining at this.

Fig. 4 illustrates dish 100 that piles up and the embodiment who is arranged on the dish spacer element 110 on another dish 115.The opening that coils 110 centers forms the center flow chamber 125 of turbo machine.Dish 115 heart place does not therein perhaps have opening, perhaps only has also to allow taper armature 120 to be attached to the little opening of dish 115.Working fluid can get into turbo machine in the perimeter of coiling 100, and fluid is through the flow channel of the space formation between the arm of space between each dish and dish spacer element 110.As said, the surface of working fluid impact disc 100, thereby dish is rotated.Working fluid gets into center flow chamber 125, and contact taper armature 120.Taper armature 120 guiding working fluids guide out turbo machine 105 away from the armature base with dish 115 and with it.Redirecting beyond turbo machine 105 forms continuous medium that gets into working fluid and the formation that prevents any back pressure.

Fig. 3 illustrates the embodiment's of turbo machine 105 and working fluid collector unit 125 top plan view.Working fluid gets into unit 125, when it during near the neck 123 of unit 125 speed increase, and get into power section 122 by shell 130 sealings of turbo machine 105.Working fluid is impact disc 100, thereby dish is rotated.Working fluid will further impact the dish spacer element 110 that working fluid is guided to core flow chamber 125.Just as explained above, taper armature 120 guides out turbo machine 105 with working fluid.Valve 124 can be adjusted to control and get into the wind of power section 122 or the amount of other fluids.

Fig. 5 illustrates the embodiment that turbo machine 105 is attached to energy conversion device 500.Fig. 5 illustrates dish 100, spacer element 110, taper armature 120 and the core flow chamber 125 of piling up, and above-mentioned member all is arranged on the dish 115.Attaching to dish on 115 is the axle 505 that is attached to sheet metal 510.Second plate 515 is attached to second 520, the second 520 and is attached to generator 525.When

dish

100 and 115 rotates,

axle

505 and 510 also will rotate.

Sheet metal

510 and 515 can be energized conductor plate or magnetic board.Electromotive force between the

plate

510 and 515 will make plate 515 and plate 510 rotate in concert.The rotation of plate 515 is rotated axle 510, and this rotation is transformed into electric current through generator 525.By this way, the contactless nothing friction induction electromotive force moment of torsion that produces by means of the air gap that passes between two conductive plates 510 and 515 (or magnet arrays) transmits energy.Except producing electric current, the rotation of axle 520 can be used for carrying out other tasks.For example, except being used as wind turbine, turbo machine 105 can be used as geothermal steam turbine, steam turbine, steam turbine, water turbine and pump.Fig. 5 further illustrates magnet to 530.This a pair of magnet 530 has opposite polarity and is used to support turbo machine 105.In another embodiment, bearing (one or more) can be used to support turbo machine 105.

Fig. 6 A and 6B illustrate the embodiment of the fluid collector unit 125 that is attached to turbo machine 105.Working fluid will get into the funnel-shaped opening of fluid collector unit 125, because Venturi effect speed increases the power section 122 that then gets into turbo machine 105.Can damage at storm wind or very large wind under the situation of other strong wind of fluid collector unit and/or turbo machine 105, plate 127 is designed to make it can be opened to allow wind or other working fluids through unit 125 and the power section 122 that does not get into turbo machine 105 basically.Outlet pipe 128 attaches to the top of turbo machine 128.

Fig. 7 and 8 illustrates the exemplary embodiment of dish and dish spacer element.Especially, Fig. 7 illustrates and comprises dish spacer element 110 and for attachment to second half half part of dish 100 of attachment point 107 of dish.The empty air gap of reference number 108 expressions.Likewise, Fig. 8 illustrates the embodiment of dish 100 and spacer element 110.Fig. 8 further illustrates the embodiment of rib design 109.In an embodiment, dish comprises the first and second outer and rigid construction between first and second skins 109 of composite material.Fig. 9 illustrates the perspective view of the dish group that comprises dish 100, taper armature 120 and central fluid channel 125.

When the working surface of turbo machine and working fluid interacted, the flow region between each dish held fluid.In an embodiment, the planar disk that has a bevel edge is to be realized by the surface that two disk component its outer edges as shown in Figure 1 places are bonded together.In another embodiment, as shown in Figure 2, the bonding that the panel surface utilization also occurs at the outer rim place is inclined upward to flow cavity.In this embodiment, dish is shaped as and makes them can bond together the single unit of formation.Other selections of dish assembling comprise by glass fibre processes dish, but and will coil filling internal rib, foam, plastics or the lightweight recirculation filler of other type arbitrarily, thinking into article unit provides structural integrity.

Embodiment does not have the axle design.Though most of turbo machine is installed in axle and goes up to form rotor assembly, this turbine design has been removed the material in the center flow chamber and has been got rid of the necessity of axle.Otherwise first (top) and last (bottom) dish is as the attachment face of bearing, energy transfer axle or the like.In current embodiment, two composite wood charging trays are shaped to form two dishes and support/spacer element.

Space between each dish or the gap width in the planar disk assembly depend on the size of the boundary layer flow of each dish top.This will be according to the vary in diameter of wind speed along with dish.For example, have been found that turbo machine for a rice diameter, general half inch excesssive gap, and for the turbo machine of six rice diameters, this possibly prove that the gap is too small.

For simple two dish designs not enough than large-sized model, rib can be arranged between each dish as support structure and reinforcing.These ribs structurally can be formed by the distortion of metal or composite material or any composite material.

In an embodiment, polarity magnet arranged side by side makes the disc portion magnetic suspension (Mag-Lev) of the thrust bearing that has ceramic coating, and these bearings are used for stablizing turbo machine and make it keep equilbrium running.In another embodiment, roller bearing is used for replacing magnetic suspension bearing.

One or more embodiments are particularly useful to being used for the induction electromotive force that moment of torsion transmits.Can use the physical separation of two conductor elements and/or the combination of magnet and induction conductive plate.Moment of torsion is delivered to load from turbo machine through air gap.The variation of the distance between each plate can change the resistance of the input speed of control from the wind turbine to the load.Advantage is owing to the heat that comes self-friction to produce thereby does not have loss of machine of torque.

The large-scale diffuser or the fluid collector unit that are used for the collection of wind or other fluids are used to compile fluid (wind), therefore when fluid flows the closer to diffuser, make its contraction more so that it gets into power section.According to the size of turbo machine, diffuser can be very big.If use the normal structure method of planar rigidity plate to make, which kind of material no matter, this big surface area all can cause extreme weight issue.The current embodiment of diffuser is the structural framing of being processed by open grid.In an embodiment, dish is to be made up of two-way (two dimension) composite material beam structure.This structure has used machinery or chemical bond together to form the composite material beam of framework.The fiber of being processed by terylene, polyester film or various other material then is used to cover framework and shrinks until it and instructed use heat energy and/or radiation energy.The preload of shrinkage fiber helps further strengthened frame on the intrinsic design of framework and the framework.

In order to help to increase the service life and the structural impact that alleviates the high speed winds relevant with the storm wind system, current embodiment dumps plate (dump panel) with air pressure and is attached in the diffuser collection frame.Continuous resistive load or " gill (gill) " open wide at diverse location along the length of collecting diffuser.Spring, air, hydraulic pressure, pressure or other resistive pressure unit retaining plate during low air quantity is closed, therefore forces the plate zone that fluid is directed to power section.When high air quantity increased the air pressure of collecting in the diffuser, continuous plate was opened pressure release to eliminate the pressure on the diffuser.

These ribs can be made in every way.At first, they can be made for T shape, I shape or be used for supporting any other solid construction of distance between two top layers by composite fiber.Also sectional uses, and wherein solid " tab (tab) " is in the strategic location, to guarantee the intensity and the geometric continuity of unit.Above-mentioned spacer structure or rib can link to each other with band or fiber tuft (tow).They can only be made up of the arbitrary composition of band or fiber tuft or composite material.The limiting factor of these ribs is that total can not be formed by fiber tuft, band or the other materials of a sub-thread.Fig. 8 illustrates the exemplary embodiment of the rib structure of the banded composite material that has fiber, fiber tuft or insulating varnish.As the design of two-way (two dimension) dish, this rib structure notion is brand-new.This can delimit top and bottom or compression or all are combined to form in both sides through wire-wrap tool.Thereby recommend die to allow to keep close tolerance in order to form rib.

Deep bid (diameter is greater than 12 inches) can be compound to form turbo machine.Two or more dish groups comprises at least one dish spacer element or support, and do not have the dish of flow channel comprise can be high as far as possible according to artificer's selection the unit that piles up.As long as the flow cavity of each dish links to each other so that the single passage of fluid stream to be provided, just form single turbine unit.In an embodiment, each dish can pile up with the mode that does not have material therebetween, and has the spacer element that forms the gap or the embodiment of support and forms contrast.

Also successfully do not process diameter greater than 12 inches boundary layer turbines by composite material, wherein each dish is to construct solid disc with the method construct except that layered fibre.Among one or more embodiment disclosed herein, each dish is a hollow, mulching composite top layer on the composite material rib of any given structure.Fig. 1 demonstrates the dish that on outer rim, bonds.By this way, the increasing diameter added-time of on various models, coiling, it is in light weight and have and be used for supporting the dish that self also keeps rigid structural intensity to construct major diameter.Thereby this solid stratiform fiber that is superior to standard reduces weight and keeps rigidity intensity.The use composite material is constructed the boundary layer turbines that has overcome weight and diameter restrictions and can't be realized through conventional method at present.This turbo machine also can by in polymer, plastics, composite material, glass or the slurry or the aramide-fibre that is impregnated with resin form.

The top layer that is used for coiling structure can be fabricated to sheet respectively, also is that the rib made respectively can be in this sheet with epoxy resin gummed and/or mechanical attachment.Top skin is attached equally in the same manner.These top layers can be handled assembling in (secondary cure process) at regelate, and wherein some parts is before assembling, to make and curing.Assemble this unit then and carry out the curing second time.Further, these top layers can the co-curing processing once form and solidify simultaneously.What recommend is that this turbine assembly solidifies in the part of assembling subsequently.These parts can comprise rib-top layer-spacer element-surface knowledge system.This then system piles up each other, glues together and/or mechanical fasteners with epoxy resin.Another system is structure dish and spacer element/support respectively.These part segment group install in the turbo machine then.Above-mentioned any combination all is feasible.

Another possibility method is through injection moulding.In this case, fiber can be sneaked into resin slurry and is expelled in the unlimited or closed model to make the geometrical shape of expectation.Further, plastic base composite material or other material can be used to make one or more embodiments.

The diameter of unit is big more, is benefited many more from the variation of coiling on the sectional shape own.This can change in the scope of linear or non-linear varied in thickness according to being radially positioned in from the hypotenuse or the round edge of uniform section top on the dish.In an embodiment, preferably adopt square position or along with the dish of radial location linear change.Use extremely maximum fluid machinery interests also in artificer's level of skill scope geometrical shape or the similar geometrical shape of Fig. 2.For this purpose, outward edge inclination or circle all is useful to the geometrical shape of any dish.This edge forces fluid compression or very small ground speedup to get into the gap between each dish; Coil greatly more, the edge geometry of dish is more crucial.

Shell is that unique reason is that air-flow axially discharges.Comprise in the enclosure be Variable Area diffuser or collector unit and the exhaust nozzle of better controlling air-flow.From the zone that a direction blows, the fluid collector unit can be fixed on a position or the direction in the wind overwhelming majority.In another embodiment, the fluid collector unit can be installed on the swivel bearing to follow said wind or other fluids during from all directions at wind or other fluids.In an embodiment, have nothing to do though discharge the performance of direction (up or down) and turbo machine, air or other fluids will be along the axis of orientation that is preferably vertically downward (or vertically upward) to outflows.Because the axial flow of fluid outlet is so shell is being unique aspect all existing technologies of the similar design with diffuser or variable inlet.

In an embodiment, can to export around turbo machine be axial for two or more fluid collector units or other import.Therefore, the quasi-omnibearing import can obtain through the addition of each Variable Area import and diffuser.With other comprehensive design even pseudo-comprehensive opposite, the present invention uses the Variable Area import to allow its mode closed fully when not drawing wind or fluid stream.This realizes therefore making the energy transfer maximization of fluid to turbo machine through the concentrating of the fluid stream of shell.Actual direction of fluid flow need not be considered (excepted) in this structure.Should be pointed out that such shell is hidden under cupola (cupola) or other building structure well from aesthetic purposes.Selection utilizes grid, screen cloth or other materials to cover diffuser so that the fluid rheology direct join prevents that the selection of wild animals and plants and undesirable object entering flow path from also being demonstrable.

Therefore, exemplary composite material boundary layer wind turbine has been described.Though described specific exemplary embodiment, it is obvious that, under the situation that does not break away from broad spirit of the present invention and scope, can carry out various distortion and change to these embodiments.Thereby it is schematic rather than restrictive that specification and accompanying drawing are considered to.The accompanying drawing mode unrestricted with diagram that forms a specification part demonstrates the specific embodiment of this theme of practical application.Those of ordinary skills enough describe these illustrated embodiment in detail, so that can be embodied in this disclosed instruction.Other embodiments be can utilize and derive thus, structural logic replacement and change therefore can be carried out without departing from the present invention.Therefore should be with restrictive meaning understanding embodiment part, each embodiment's scope is only limited whole equivalents that accompanying claims and this claim are given.

This embodiment of theme of the present invention can distinguish and/or " invention " expression by term together at this, for the purpose of the convenience and be not intended to application area initiatively is restricted to any one invention or inventive concept separately, supposes that reality discloses more than an invention.Therefore, though, should be appreciated that the specific embodiment of any unit that is suitable for obtaining identical purpose shown in all can replacing this illustrate and described specific embodiment.Present disclosure attempts to contain any of various embodiments and all adaptations or change.According to analyzing foregoing description, the foregoing description and be not conspicuous to those of ordinary skills in this specifically described other embodiments' combination.

Abideing by 37C.F.R. § 1.72 (b) provides summary, and makes the reader confirm the essence and the main points of technology contents fast.Submit this summary to, but summary should not be used to explain or limit the scope or the connotation of claim.

In embodiment's foregoing description, the purpose of starting from the content degradation that exposes concentrates in together each characteristic in one embodiment.Method in the present disclosure should not be interpreted as and reflect that embodiment required for protection has the more characteristic of clearly narrating than in each claim.On the contrary, like the reflection of claim next, theme of the present invention is all characteristics less than single disclosed embodiment.Therefore, ensuing claim combines with embodiment's description, makes each claim all can be used as independent exemplary embodiment individualism.

Claims

1. equipment comprises:

A plurality of dishes that pile up, each dish comprises the opening that is positioned at disk center, thereby forms the center flow chamber;

First coils, and is attached to the bottom of said a plurality of dishes that pile up, and first dish does not have opening in the center of first dish;

A plurality of dish spacer elements between one or more in said a plurality of dishes that pile up, thereby form flow channel between said dish, this flow channel extends to the center flow chamber from the outer periphery of the said dish that piles up;

The taper armature is attached to first and coils and be arranged in the said center flow chamber; With

The fluid collector unit is communicated with the outer periphery of the said dish that piles up.

2. equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the taper armature is tapered away from first dish and towards the opening in the center flow chamber at the top of the dish that piles up at this.

3. equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that, comprises being used for said a plurality of dishes that pile up are attached to the mechanism of energy conversion unit.

4. equipment according to claim 3 is characterized in that, comprises energy conversion unit.

5. equipment according to claim 3 is characterized in that, the mechanism that is used to combine comprises:

First, be attached to first dish;

First sheet metal is attached to and first relative end of first dish; With

Second sheet metal is attached to second metal shaft, and the second sheet metal adjustable ground is arranged near first sheet metal;

Wherein, second metal shaft is configured to be attached to energy conversion unit.

6. equipment according to claim 5 is characterized in that, one or more in first sheet metal and second sheet metal comprises one or more in conductive plate and the magnetizing plate.

7. equipment as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that,

This equipment is configured to so that fluid gets into the fluid collector unit and impacts the said dish that piles up, thereby makes said a plurality of its rotational of the coiling of piling up;

Fluid passes the flow channel between the said dish and contacts with said a plurality of dish spacer elements, and is directed to the center flow chamber through said a plurality of dish spacer elements;

Fluid gets into the center flow chamber, and is directed to outside the center flow chamber through the taper armature.

8. equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said equipment comprises one or more in wind turbine, geothermal steam turbine, steam turbine, water turbine and the pump.

9. equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that the fluid collector unit comprises funnel-shaped opening, and the wall of this funnel-shaped opening comprises moveable panel.

10. equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that said dish comprises composite material.

11. equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the outer circumferential edges that said dish spacer element is attached to the outer circumferential edges of first dish and is attached to second dish.

12. equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the surface of dish is tapered near the position of position this dish periphery near the center flow chamber.

13. equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that, dish comprises the first and second outer and rigid construction between first and second skins of composite material.

14. equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that, comprises being positioned at the outside of said a plurality of dishes that pile up and near a pair of opposite polarity magnet of first dish.

15. equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that, comprises the valve of the amount that is used for controlling the fluid that gets into said a plurality of dishes that pile up that is connected to the fluid linkage unit.