CN102774471A - Single point anchor leg relaxation processing method - Google Patents
Single point anchor leg relaxation processing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102774471A CN102774471A CN2012102818203A CN201210281820A CN102774471A CN 102774471 A CN102774471 A CN 102774471A CN 2012102818203 A CN2012102818203 A CN 2012102818203A CN 201210281820 A CN201210281820 A CN 201210281820A CN 102774471 A CN102774471 A CN 102774471A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a single point anchor leg relaxation processing method which comprises the following operation steps: (1) arranging a plurality of limiting tugs at the periphery of a floating type producing, storing and unloading tanker, and controlling the heading of the marine floating type producing, storing and unloading tanker through the limiting tugs; (2) overtensioning the relaxed anchor leg; (3) cutting off the excess chain rings of a relaxed anchor chain section between two tensioning points; (4) arranging a safety belt between two ends of the anchor chain cut off; (5) connecting the anchor chain cut off by a diver; and (6) releasing a tensioner to make the anchor leg work normally. The single point anchor leg relaxation can be processed under the condition that the marine floating type producing, storing and unloading tanker is in service without stopping the marine floating type producing, storing and unloading tanker, thus a large amount of releasing and connecting work of the marine floating type producing, storing and unloading tanker is reduced. In addition, the construction cost is reduced greatly, and the work efficiency is improved. Furthermore, the construction risk can be reduced to a controllable range, and the orderly construction is guaranteed greatly.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to mooring system, relate in particular to a kind of lax processing method of single-point anchor leg that is used for inner cupola formula single buoy mooring system, belong to marine oil engineering field.
Background technology
The STP of APL company (Submerged Turret Production) inner cupola formula single buoy mooring system is a kind of single-point system that oil tanker (FPSO) is unloaded in marine Floating Production storage that is widely used in.Receive the installation error of single point mooring (SPM) and factor affecting such as use for many years, the indivedual anchor legs of single-point system possibly produce relaxation, and anchor leg tension force reduces greatly, and its suffered tension force will be transferred on other anchor legs.With 9 legs (being divided into 3 bunches) form inner cupola formula single buoy mooring system (STP) is example, and the load that is in same bunch two other anchor leg with lax anchor leg will increase greatly, possibly exceed its design load value.When the single-point system works at this state, the anchor leg will receive great damage, and the anchor leg life-span significantly reduces, and the stability of single-point system and safety also can not get ensureing.Therefore, when anchor leg relaxation cases takes place, need it is in time handled.
At present, marine Floating Production storage is unloaded oil tanker if carry out anchor leg relaxation processes, needs that oil tanker is unloaded in marine Floating Production storage and frees; The seabed is sunk in the water filling of single-point floating drum; Then, the anchor leg is carried out brachymemma handle, carry out marine Floating Production storage at last and unload oil tanker and single-point tieback.Unload that oil tanker is freed and tieback owing to relate to the storage of marine Floating Production, therefore, the said method work capacity is huge, and need under oil field stopping production situation, carry out, and production loss is serious.
In order to overcome the shortcoming that said method exists; At the anchor leg under water aspect the tensioning tieback; At present, commonly used both at home and abroad to method be (Stevtensioner promptly: " Steve " tensioner), it is connected with treating slack-free anchor chain by the mechanical tensioning instrument; Through lifting the working chain of tensioner, realize the anchor chain tensioning; Then, accomplish the cutting of unnecessary chain link on the anchor leg and the last tieback of anchor leg by the diver.Though, this anchor chain tensioning method technology maturation, high to operation boats and ships performance requriements, boats and ships need be equipped with large-scale loop wheel machine (more than the general 150T) or winch (more than the general 150T).Thereby limited bigger aspect the selection of operation boats and ships resource, vessel expenses is higher, and this method receives inside even from weather big (high 1.5m of general comprehensive wave or following can enforcement lift), and construction speed is wayward.
Summary of the invention
Main purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcoming that prior art exists; And provide a kind of single-point anchor leg lax processing method; Oil tanker carries out single-point anchor leg under the situation of labour relaxation processes is unloaded in its Floating Production storage at sea; Oil tanker is unloaded in marine Floating Production storage not to be needed to stop production, and has reduced a large amount of marine Floating Production storages and has unloaded oil tanker and free and tieback work; And hydraulic tensioning equipment is used for underwater construction, has broken away from traditional anchor leg tensioning method to the harsh constraint that requires of construction ship performance, boats and ships resource selection leeway is big, greatly reduces executive cost, has lacked the offshore construction time, has improved work efficiency; Simultaneously, can construction risk be reduced in the controlled range, ensure carrying out in order of construction dramatically.
The objective of the invention is to realize by following technical scheme:
1, the lax processing method of a kind of single-point anchor leg is characterized in that: adopt following control step:
The first step: unload several spacing tugboats of arranged around of oil tanker in Floating Production storage, the bow that oil tanker is unloaded in marine Floating Production storage through spacing tugboat is to controlling;
Second step: the anchor leg that will relax was tightened to tensioning state from relaxed state
⑴ unloaded installation hornwork on the wirerope of single buoy mooring system anchor leg of oil tanker in Floating Production storage by the diver, measure the entry angle of each anchor leg, to judge the relaxed state of anchor leg;
⑵ install the underwater hydraulic tensioner, and the anchor leg that will relax was tightened to tensioning state from relaxed state;
The 3rd step: after the anchor leg is tensioned, the unnecessary chain link of lax chain segment cutting between two tension points;
The 4th step: be cut off erection insurance band between the two ends of anchor chain;
The 5th goes on foot: the anchor chain after being cut by diver's tieback;
The 6th step: loosen tensioner and recover the anchor leg to normal mode of operation.
In said second step, when measuring the entry angle of each anchor leg,, can select the same depth of water to measure for the measurement of a plurality of anchor legs, during measurement, general measure cluster anchor leg or adjacent several anchor legs; Simultaneously, being positioned at the depth of water and the position of rope socket under the anchor leg or other significant members by diver's subsidiary, also is to measure cluster anchor leg or adjacent several anchor legs.
In said second step, after the underwater hydraulic tensioner is installed,, when tightening up, adopt following steps in order to confirm to tighten up length:
1. the parameters of diver's test constantly anchor leg is generally whenever tightened up 0.5m and is measured once, and record take off data each time;
2. contrast with the parameter variation relation between bunch anchor leg, and calculate length and the number of rings that needs the cutting anchor chain; Final Cutting Length and the number of rings of confirming the anchor chain chain link;
3. when measuring same bunch of 3 anchor leg entry angles, compare the entry angle of 3 anchor legs of synchronization;
When 4. measuring, remove attachment point place marine life earlier, two angle gages are installed on every anchor leg again,, choose the aviation value of measurement through reading the method for aviation value;
Said underwater hydraulic tensioner major part comprises: oil cylinder, steel structure, pumping plant, end anchor, steel strand and oil pipe, and wherein, oil cylinder is fixed in the steel structure, and an end of steel structure is connected with standing rigging, and the other end is no coupled condition; Steel strand one end passes oil cylinder, and the other end is connected with end anchor; End anchor is connected with standing rigging; Pumping plant is positioned on the construction ship deck above water, gives oil cylinder through oil pipe with power transmission.
Said steel structure is: tower structure.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the present invention is owing to adopt technique scheme; Its Floating Production storage is at sea unloaded oil tanker and under the situation of labour, is carried out the lax processing of single-point anchor leg; Oil tanker is unloaded in marine Floating Production storage not to be needed to stop production, and has reduced a large amount of marine Floating Production storages and has unloaded oil tanker and free and tieback work; And hydraulic tensioning equipment is used for underwater construction, has broken away from traditional anchor leg tensioning method to the harsh constraint that requires of construction ship performance, boats and ships resource selection leeway is big, greatly reduces executive cost, has lacked the offshore construction time, has improved work efficiency; Simultaneously, can construction risk be reduced in the controlled range, ensure carrying out in order of construction dramatically.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 unloads the oil tanker bow to the control scheme drawing for the marine Floating Production storage of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an anchor leg entry angle instrumentation plan of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a underwater hydraulic tension equipment oil cylinder scheme drawing of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the tensioning and cutting scheme drawing of anchor leg of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the emergent safety belt scheme of installation of typhoon of the present invention.
Main label declaration among the figure:
1. lead spacing tugboat, 2. auxiliary spacing tugboat, 3. oil tanker, 4. construction boats and ships, 5. angle gage, 6. air dive person, 7. oil cylinder, 8. steel structure, 9. pumping plant, 10. ship deck, 11. oil pipes, 12. standing riggings, 13. steel strand, 14. end anchors, 15. saturated divers, 16. anchor legs, 17. suspender belts, 18. shackles, 19. chain links are unloaded in the Floating Production storage.
The specific embodiment
The present invention adopts following control step:
The first step: at sea construction operation on-the-spot-promptly: several spacing tugboats of arranged around of oil tanker 3 are unloaded in the Floating Production storage, and the bow that oil tanker 3 is unloaded in marine Floating Production storage through spacing tugboat is to controlling;
As shown in Figure 1; At sea construction operation on-the-spot-promptly: several spacing tugboats of arranged around of oil tanker 3 are unloaded in the Floating Production storage; Present embodiment: arrange a spacing tugboat 1 of master and two auxiliary spacing tugboats 2; The quantity of spacing tugboat needs to confirm according to the size that oil tanker 3 is unloaded in marine Floating Production storage with horsepower; Through spacing tugboat to marine Floating Production storage unload that the hangover of oil tanker 3 is spacing to be limited marine Floating Production storage and unload the rotation of oil tanker 3 under the effect of wind, wave, stream, make its bow to being near the constant angles, constructing in labour for single-point creates conditions; Simultaneously, formulate spacing safely and effectively watchdog routine and expeditious measures, the safety of the boats and ships of guaranteeing to construct.
Second step: measure the entry angle of each anchor leg 16, judge anchor leg 16 relaxed condition, simultaneously, the underwater hydraulic tensioner is installed, the anchor leg that will relax was tightened to tensioning state from relaxed state;
⑴ as shown in Figure 2, unloaded in Floating Production storage by air dive person 6 on the wirerope of single buoy mooring system anchor leg 16 of oil tanker 3 purpose made angle gage 5 is installed, and measures the entry angle of each anchor leg 16; To judge whether anchor leg 16 unusual relaxed state occurs, wherein, when measuring the entry angle of each anchor leg 16; Measurement for a plurality of anchor legs 16; Can select the same depth of water to measure, during measurement, general measure cluster anchor leg 16 or adjacent several anchor legs 16 get final product; Simultaneously, being positioned at the depth of water and the position of 16 times rope sockets of anchor leg or other significant members by saturated diver's 15 subsidiaries, also is to measure cluster anchor leg 16 or adjacent several anchor legs 16 get final product, in order to auxiliary judgment anchor leg relaxed condition;
⑵ install the underwater hydraulic tensioner, and after the underwater hydraulic tensioner was installed, the anchor leg that will relax was tightened to tensioning state from relaxed state, in order to confirm to tighten up length, when tightening up, adopts following steps:
1. the parameters of air dive person 6 and saturated diver's 15 test constantly anchor legs 16 is generally whenever tightened up 0.5m and is measured once, and record take off data each time;
2. contrast with the parameter variation relation between bunch anchor leg, and calculate length and the number of rings that needs the cutting anchor chain; Through the double verification of comparing result and result of calculation, finally confirm the Cutting Length and the number of rings of anchor chain chain link;
3. it should be noted that when measuring that therefore, relatively the entry angle of 3 anchor legs of synchronization is just meaningful because oil tanker is unloaded in marine Floating Production storage different time the ballast, drinking water situation are different with bunches of 3 anchor leg entry angles;
4. in addition, in order to improve anchor hawser angle of entrance accuracy of measurement, during measurement; Remove attachment point place marine life earlier, two angle gages 5 are installed again, on every anchor leg 16 through reading the method for aviation value; Choose the aviation value of measurement, wait the systematic error that causes owing to installing with decrease hornwork 5;
Above-mentioned underwater hydraulic tensioner comes from the tensioning jack that land large-scale steel structure, bridge construction are used, and through special transformation, makes it to be fit to construction requirement (the present real work depth of water is 110m) under water.
As shown in Figure 3, underwater hydraulic tensioner major part comprises: oil cylinder 7, steel structure 8, pumping plant 9, end anchor 14, steel strand 13 and oil pipe 11, wherein, oil cylinder 7 is fixed in the steel structure 8, is integrated.One end of steel structure 8 is connected with standing rigging 12, and the other end is no coupled condition.Steel strand 13 1 ends pass oil cylinder 7, and the other end is connected with end anchor 14; End anchor 14 is connected with standing rigging 12; Pumping plant 9 is positioned on the construction ship deck 10 above water, through oil pipe 11, gives oil cylinder 7 with power transmission; After starting pumping plant 9, oil cylinder 7 can reach the purpose of tensioning or loose ends anchor leg 16 along steel strand 13 bidirectional-movements.Steel strand 13 are in the tensioning process, and the both sides that its unnecessary steel strand 13 will have standing rigging 12 to connect an end from steel structure 8 skid off.Above-mentioned steel structure 8 be according to the shape of oil cylinder 7 and two ends bonded assembly fixedly lockset 12 forms be designed to hold into the oil cylinder 7 and the fixing tower structure of lockset 12.
The principle of work of underwater hydraulic tensioner is: adopt large-tonnage suspender belt 17 or other riggings will be located at oil cylinder 7 outer steel structures 8 and be connected with two points of anchor chain respectively with end anchor 14; Then, start the hydraulic power unit 9 that is positioned on the workboat oceangoing ship 4 and start stroke through oil pipe 11 driving oil cylinder 7.
The 3rd step: after anchor leg 16 is tensioned, the unnecessary chain link 19 of lax chain segment cutting between two tension points;
As shown in Figure 4; After the anchor chain tensioning; Use diamond line cast-cutting saw or electric oxygen cutting under water; The stroke of tensioner oil cylinder calculated when the unnecessary chain link 19 of the chain segment that between two tension points, relaxes cutting, the number needs basis of excision chain link 19 were tensioned to angle of entrance recovery normal value at lax anchor leg, and should the length of tieback shackle 18 be taken into account;
The 4th step: be cut off erection insurance band between the two ends of anchor chain;
As shown in Figure 5, after anchor chain was cut off, the excision of unnecessary chain link 19, the tensioning of anchor chain and tieback needed about 3 day time, if meet with typhoon, needed the anchor leg that cuts off is handled accordingly, with the safe operation of bonding dot system during this.A safety belt (the safety belt size needs to confirm according to the design conditions of each single-point system) is installed between the two ends that cut off anchor chain; Suitably loosen tensioner; Make safety belt and tensioner simultaneously stressed, be generally this anchor leg the tension force that is not less than original design safety value standard is provided;
The 5th goes on foot: the anchor chain after being cut by saturated diver's tieback;
Shape according to DNV (Det Norske Veritas) code requirement and inner cupola formula single buoy mooring system single-point anchor chain; As must cutting anchor chain centre portion the time; Select to use the combination of D type shackle+enlarged link+D type shackle to accomplish the tieback that cuts the back anchor chain, tieback work is under water undertaken by the saturated diver;
The 6th step: loosen tensioner and recover the anchor leg to normal mode of operation;
The work of anchor leg tieback is loosened tensioner after accomplishing, and the anchor leg returns to normal mode of operation, and tensioner does not stress, the anchor leg after the measurement relaxation processes and the parameter of same bunch two other anchor leg, and compare, confirm the effect of anchor leg relaxation processes.
Above-mentioned angle gage, oil cylinder, pumping plant, standing rigging, steel strand, end anchor, anchor leg, suspender belt, shackle, chain link are the commercially available prod or adopt the prior art manufacturing.
The above; It only is preferred embodiment of the present invention; Be not that the present invention is done any pro forma restriction, every foundation technical spirit of the present invention all still belongs in the scope of technical scheme of the present invention any simple modification, equivalent variations and modification that above embodiment did.
Claims (5)
1. the lax processing method of a single-point anchor leg is characterized in that: adopt following control step:
The first step: unload several spacing tugboats of arranged around of oil tanker in Floating Production storage, the bow that oil tanker is unloaded in marine Floating Production storage through spacing tugboat is to controlling;
Second step: the anchor leg that will relax was tightened to tensioning state from relaxed state
⑴ unloaded installation hornwork on the wirerope of single buoy mooring system anchor leg of oil tanker in Floating Production storage by the diver, measure the entry angle of each anchor leg, to judge the relaxed state of anchor leg;
⑵ install the underwater hydraulic tensioner, and the anchor leg that will relax was tightened to tensioning state from relaxed state;
The 3rd step: after the anchor leg is tensioned, the unnecessary chain link of lax chain segment cutting between two tension points;
The 4th step: be cut off erection insurance band between the two ends of anchor chain;
The 5th goes on foot: the anchor chain after being cut by diver's tieback;
The 6th step: loosen tensioner and recover the anchor leg to normal mode of operation.
2. the processing method that single-point anchor leg according to claim 1 is lax is characterized in that: in said second step, when measuring the entry angle of each anchor leg; Measurement for a plurality of anchor legs; Can select the same depth of water to measure, during measurement, general measure cluster anchor leg or adjacent several anchor legs; Simultaneously, being positioned at the depth of water and the position of rope socket under the anchor leg or other significant members by diver's subsidiary, also is to measure cluster anchor leg or adjacent several anchor legs.
3. the processing method that single-point anchor leg according to claim 1 is lax is characterized in that: in said second step, after the underwater hydraulic tensioner is installed, in order to confirm to tighten up length, when tightening up, adopt following steps:
1. the parameters of diver's test constantly anchor leg is generally whenever tightened up 0.5m and is measured once, and record take off data each time;
2. contrast with the parameter variation relation between bunch anchor leg, and calculate length and the ring that needs the cutting anchor chain
Number; Final Cutting Length and the number of rings of confirming the anchor chain chain link;
3. when measuring same bunch of 3 anchor leg entry angles, compare the entry angle of 3 anchor legs of synchronization;
When 4. measuring, remove attachment point place marine life earlier, two angle gages are installed on every anchor leg again,, choose the aviation value of measurement through reading the method for aviation value.
4. the processing method that single-point anchor leg according to claim 1 is lax; It is characterized in that: said underwater hydraulic tensioner major part comprises: oil cylinder, steel structure, pumping plant, end anchor, steel strand and oil pipe; Wherein, Oil cylinder is fixed in the steel structure, and an end of steel structure is connected with standing rigging, and the other end is no coupled condition; Steel strand one end passes oil cylinder, and the other end is connected with end anchor; End anchor is connected with standing rigging; Pumping plant is positioned on the construction ship deck above water, gives oil cylinder through oil pipe with power transmission.
5. the processing method that single-point anchor leg according to claim 4 is lax, it is characterized in that: said steel structure is: tower structure.
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| CN201210281820.3A CN102774471B (en) | 2012-08-09 | 2012-08-09 | Single point anchor leg relaxation processing method |
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| CN201210281820.3A CN102774471B (en) | 2012-08-09 | 2012-08-09 | Single point anchor leg relaxation processing method |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103407548A (en) * | 2013-08-13 | 2013-11-27 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | Quick release method and device of anchor chain for permanently mooring on-water floating type platform |
| CN103738477A (en) * | 2014-01-26 | 2014-04-23 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | Method for replacing upper anchor cable of mooring anchor legs |
| CN105197188A (en) * | 2015-10-09 | 2015-12-30 | 中海石油（中国）有限公司番禹作业公司 | Underwater suspended dynamic back-jointing tool and back-jointing method of mooring anchor leg |
| CN105216972A (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2016-01-06 | 深圳海油工程水下技术有限公司 | The control method of mooring system many ships work compound and device |
| CN110844003A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2020-02-28 | 深圳海油工程水下技术有限公司 | Method for replacing mooring anchor legs by lifting double ships |
| CN117576635A (en) * | 2024-01-17 | 2024-02-20 | 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司 | Method for judging linear target tensioning state in video identification |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117576635A (en) * | 2024-01-17 | 2024-02-20 | 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司 | Method for judging linear target tensioning state in video identification |
| CN117576635B (en) * | 2024-01-17 | 2024-03-29 | 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司 | Method for judging linear target tensioning state in video identification |
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| CN102774471B (en) | 2015-04-08 |
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Address after: 100010 Chaoyangmen North Street, Dongcheng District, Dongcheng District, Beijing Co-patentee after: Offshore Oil Engineering Co., Ltd. Patentee after: China Offshore Oil Group Co., Ltd. Co-patentee after: CNOOC Deepwater Development Limited Co-patentee after: Shenzhen Sea Oil Engineering Underwater Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 100010 Chaoyangmen North Street, Dongcheng District, Dongcheng District, Beijing Co-patentee before: Offshore Oil Engineering Co., Ltd. Patentee before: China National Offshore Oil Corporation Co-patentee before: CNOOC Deepwater Development Limited Co-patentee before: Shenzhen Sea Oil Engineering Underwater Technology Co.,Ltd. |
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| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20150408 Termination date: 20200809 |