CN102769757A - Active light source-based image acquisition method and system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an active light source-based image acquisition method and a system. The method comprises the time sequence synchronism of an active infrared light source and an image sensor, as well as self-adaptation image intensity control. The system comprises four parts including an active infrared light source unit, a synchronism and light intensity control unit, a self-adaptation synchronism and light intensity detection unit and an image sensor unit. According to the invention, aiming at requirement of high quality infrared imaging and considering influence of different lighting and time sequence control on the quality of the image, the active infrared imaging quality is well ameliorated via solving the problems of the matching and light intensity regulation of the active infrared light source and the image sensor in the active imaging system, and favorable image basis is provided for subsequent image processing system and operation.
Description
One, technical field
The invention belongs to the infrared imagery technique field; Be specifically related to a kind of image-pickup method and device based on the active light source; Focused on solving the stationary problem of infrared light supply and imageing sensor; And, adopt adaptive luminous intensity control, thereby obtain high-quality infrared imaging to the influence of different light situation hypograph quality.
Two, background technology
The active infrared imaging system has obtained application more and more widely in fields such as monitoring remote video, driver assistance, security protection, scientific research, safe criminal investigation, man-machine interactions.Video image is a very important ring in the active infrared imaging system; Vision is human topmost sense organ; Visual information is that people get one of main source by the objective world acquired information; Account for more than 70% of people's face acquired information amount, therefore, obtain high-quality infrared image and just seem most important.Along with the very big raising of the flourish and microprocessor performance of the control technology and the communication technology, active infrared imaging system and application model thereof have had new change, and its application prospect and range of application will be more and more widely.To the going deep into application study and will bring huge social benefit and economic benefit of active infrared imaging system, be necessary therefore.In order to have improved the image quality of imageing sensor; Tend to adopt the active infrared light source as the light filling source; Infrared light supply can normal bright pattern carry out light filling usually; But need be directed against some application-specific scene (such as demands such as power consumption, background subtractions) sometimes, require infrared light supply can realize the stroboscopic light filling.
The pairing equipment of active infrared technology is meant the near-infrared shooting sensory system of wavelength 780nm～1000nm.Active infra-red imaging system hardware is formed and is mainly comprised infrared light supply, low-light (level) imageing sensor video camera, video frequency collection card, PC several sections.Active infra-red imaging system operation principle is: infrared light supply sends the near infrared light target; Target reflects infrared light; Carry out optically filtering through infrared fileter, accomplish the conversion of light signal to the signal of telecommunication by imageing sensor, the electrical signal conversion of capture card images acquired transducer output is the digital video signal of specific format; Through image is carried out enhancement process; With computer image is shown, thereby sightless infrared image conversion and enhancing are visible images, promptly realized the transfer process of light signal to the signal of telecommunication.
The active infrared imaging system utilizes near infrared band radiation work that many advantages are arranged.Initiatively illumination can make full use of the narrow beam illumination target of infrared searchlight, and target is highlighted in the visual field, causes the contrast bigger with background, thereby obtains comparatively distinct image.Therefore at aspects such as nighttime driving, observation and aimings broad prospect of application is arranged.The near-infrared video camera is a lot of than the thermal infrared imager low price.
Near-infrared image is generally darker, because the object of various materials has very big-difference to the reflectivity of infrared light in the environment, the signal to noise ratio of infrared image is very low; There are not significant difference in target and background; The big and complicated component of edge blurry, entire image noise, many characteristics such as objective contour etc. are not remarkable; These have all caused the image quality of infrared image lower, have had a strong impact on subsequent applications and algorithm and have realized effect.So need to adopt suitable infrared light strength control strategy, to adapt to the peculiar optical characteristics of object (refraction, reflection etc.), simultaneously because illumination and gather between not matching, it is bright or dark excessively that the image that is caused is crossed, and also need consider emphatically.
The present invention is directed to the principle of active infrared imaging; The key Design of some infrared image imagings is disclosed; The control stationary problem of active infrared light source and imageing sensor particularly; And detect the power that dual mode is differentiated infrared light supply through analysis image characteristic and external light intensity, and then the FEEDBACK CONTROL luminous intensity of light source initiatively, improve the quality of infrared image.
Three, summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is problem to the infrared imaging mass deficiency; A kind of effective image-pickup method and device based on the active light source have been proposed; Emphasis has solved the control stationary problem of active infrared light source and imageing sensor, make imageing sensor exposure and active infrared light source luminous synchronously; And, adopt adaptive luminous intensity control, thereby obtain high-quality infrared imaging to the influence of different light situation hypograph quality.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: two key links in designing around the active infrared imaging system: active infrared light source and imageing sensor are divided into two aspects with the matching problem between active infrared light source and the imageing sensor: 1) control stationary problem; 2) control problem of light intensity.The invention discloses a kind of efficient adaptive synchronous and light intensity control method and device, can obtain high-quality infrared imaging effect.
Fig. 1 has provided systematic functional structrue figure of the present invention.System by the active infrared light source cell, synchronously and light intensity control unit, self adaptation synchronously and light intensity detecting unit and image sensor cell four parts form.Specifically,
(1) function of active infrared light source cell is to receive synchronously and the control signal of luminous intensity control unit, clock cycle according to the rules and luminous intensity, the switching and the strength control of realization infrared light supply.
(2) synchronous and light intensity control unit mainly is responsible for producing the Synchronization Control sequential and control luminous intensity of active infrared light source; Can regulate simultaneously the Control Parameter such as time for exposure, shutter interval, resolution of image sensor cell; Through relevant processing; Synchronous and luminous intensity control unit are set, and then the luminous sequential of control active infrared light source
(3) self adaptation function synchronous and the light intensity detecting unit is to obtain synchronous control signal and light intensity signal.Synchronizing signal can have two kinds of situation: a) internal synchronization mode extracts synchronised clock, control active infrared light source from the output signal of imageing sensor; B) external sync mode is utilized external clock synchronous signal generation circuit, and by the crystal oscillating circuit clocking, the processing through clock signal is respectively applied for active infrared light source cell and image sensor cell.Extract the infrared light strength signal two kinds of patterns are arranged: a) IT mode, the view data (luminance component data etc.) of gathering through imageing sensor extract light intensity signal (such as the mathematic expectaion of statistics with histogram, grey scale pixel value etc.); B) outer acquisition mode is controlled through the photoinduction device and to be extracted light intensity signal
(4) image sensor cell is by synchronous and light intensity control unit configuration effort pattern, and this comprises sampling rate, time for exposure, resolution etc.; Imageing sensor of the present invention can analog video camera, also can be imageing sensor module or chip.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: through the matching problem of active infrared light source and imageing sensor in the solution active imaging system; Designed the synchronous and luminous intensity control method of a cover efficient adaptive; And multiple actual implementation method and device proposed on this basis; Simplicity of design is effective, has improved the active infrared image quality well, for subsequent image processing system and operation provide the preferable image basis.
Four, description of drawings
Fig. 1 systematic functional structrue figure
The systematic functional structrue figure of use-case is implemented in Fig. 2 inter-sync
The systematic functional structrue figure of the outer synchronization implementation use-case of Fig. 3
Fig. 4 image sensor signal control chart
The sequential of Fig. 5 synchronizing signal
Fig. 6 IT is implemented the systematic functional structrue figure of use-case
Fig. 7 image processing light intensity regulation and control module map
Fig. 8 catches the systematic functional structrue figure that implements use-case outward
Fig. 9 photoelectricity transforms light intensity regulation and control module map
Figure 10 hardware system is realized
The control timing of Figure 11 light source
Figure 12 ccd image sensor output timing
Five, embodiment
1) inter-sync enforcement use-case:
Principle: extract the synchronizing signal of the analog video signal of analog video camera output, and then the luminous sequential of control active infrared light source.
In this example; Imageing sensor is common analog video camera; Video output signals is generally composite video broadcast singal (CVBS, Composite Video Broadcast Signal) or composite video blanking and synchronous (Composite Video Blanking andSync), and composite video comprises aberration and monochrome information; And with them synchronously in blanking pulse, transmit data with analog waveform.The CVBS signal is the conventional image data transmission method of National Television System Committee's TV signal.
The basic thought of this enforcement use-case is from the output signal of analog video camera, to extract the synchronizing signal that is used to control IMAQ; For example field synchronization, bit synchronization signal etc.; Handle through corresponding sequence circuit again; Design the initiatively synchronous control signal of light source, and then the signal sampling of the light on and off of control active light source and imageing sensor is identical constantly, guarantees to obtain optimum exposure effect and picture quality.
Concrete performing step is following:
(1) simulation camera outputting video signal composite video broadcast singal (CVBS signal).
(2) serve as with reference to the basis with the CVBS signal, from the CVBS signal of analog form, extract synchronizing clock signals.
(3) synchronizing signal of extracting in the step (2) is input, handles back output control signal according to corresponding sequential control circuit, as the active control signal for light source.
(4) the active infrared light source is controlled the unlatching and the closure of active infrared light source according to the synchronous control signal of input.
Wherein, The design considerations of the synchronization signal extraction circuit in the step 2 is to include the corresponding clock information component in the CVBS analog video signal; Therefore can extract through design circuit; The extraction of this synchronised clock component both can adopt special chip to accomplish, and also can adopt discrete electronics device circuitry to realize.Sequential control circuit is mainly accomplished frame synchronizing signal VSYNC, line synchronizing signal HREF, the bit synchronization signal PCLK that extracts, and through The Logic of Tasks control requirement, conversion is output as the initiatively synchronous control signal of light source.
2) outer synchronous enforcement use-case:
Principle: use external clock synchronous signal generation circuit clocking; And then remove to control the luminous sequential of active infrared light source and the synchronizing clock signals of imageing sensor; The exposure time series of guaranteeing active infrared light source luminescent sequential and imageing sensor is synchronous, and is as shown in Figure 3.
For some circuit design, what image acquisition units was selected for use is the CCD/CMOS imageing sensor, imageing sensor outputting data signals, frame synchronizing signal VSYNC, line synchronizing signal HREF, bit synchronization signal PCLK etc.
Concrete performing step is following:
(1) according to the acquisition frame rate of designing requirement, the requirement of combining image transducer external clock input signal designs the corresponding synchronous signal generating circuit.
(2) synchronizing signal (frame synchronizing signal VSYNC, line synchronizing signal HREF, bit synchronization signal PCLK) of imageing sensor output is basic as a reference; The input sequence control circuit; Sequential control circuit is handled back output control signal, as the active control signal for light source.
(3) the active infrared light source is according to the synchronous control signal of input, and control is unlatching and the closure of some LED of light source initiatively.
For example imageing sensor is OV5620, and master controller and imageing sensor OV5620 mode of operation are illustrated in fig. 4 shown below, and Fig. 5 has provided the sequential chart of the synchronizing signal of imageing sensor.
3) the enforcement use-case of IT:
Principle: the view data (luminance component etc.) of gathering through imageing sensor extracts light intensity signal (such as the mathematic expectaion of statistics with histogram, grey scale pixel value etc.); Confirm threshold value; Thereby obtain to be used to adjust LED illuminating circuit luminous intensity control signal, as shown in Figure 6.
Concrete performing step is following:
(1) image acquisition circuit has been gathered view data, and according to its luminance component, the image processing algorithm that utilization is relevant calculates measuring of luminous intensity.This is measured can be that brightness degree statistics with histogram distributes or the mathematic expectaion of luminance component image etc.
(2) luminous intensity amount number of degrees value and preset threshold scope are compared, bright or dark excessively if light intensity is crossed, just need carry out corresponding output light intensity control, otherwise constant.Concrete; Set dark threshold value L; Cross bright threshold value H, if luminous intensity numerical value is in [0-L] then show that image light is dark excessively, if luminous intensity numerical value is in [H-MAX] then show that bright excessively (MAX is determined by concrete gray value expression form image light; If explain with 8 integers, then MAX=255).
(3) according to the luminous intensity control signal, go to control initiatively that light source increases or reduce emitting led electric current, reaching the luminous intensity of regulating the active infrared light source, thereby make the exposure of imageing sensor be in a kind of state preferably.
Self adaptation synchronously and the light intensity detecting unit in the light intensity test section as shown in Figure 7.The light intensity computing module mainly is responsible for the calculating pixel gray average and is generated original histogram; After obtaining gray average and between the gray scale optimal zone, compare; Carrying out handled under the various comparative results then: between gray average is less than optimal zone during lower limit L; Calculating should increase the amount of light intensity, exports to the light intensity control module; When gray average dropped on L to H, gray average met the demands, and did not need adjustment, changed histogram Luminance Distribution situation over to and judged; During upper limit H, calculating should weaken the amount of light intensity, exports to the light intensity control module between gray average is greater than optimal zone.After gray average relatively finishes; If gray average meets the demands; Then begin to calculate minimal gray, maximum gray scale and gray scale at interval L to the pixel grey scale average between the H, and histogrammic Luminance Distribution situation added up, judge that according to statistics residing illumination condition is special illumination condition or common illumination condition; Provide corresponding adjustment amount and send into the light intensity control module, produce concrete control signal by the light intensity control module.
4) outer enforcement use-case of catching:
Principle: extract light intensity signal through the photoinduction device, confirm threshold value, thereby realize control the LED illuminating circuit, as shown in Figure 8.
Fig. 9 has provided concrete performing step:
(1) collection of luminous intensity is to accomplish through hardware circuit, through designing a kind of induced signal index of photoinduction chip, evaluates and tests the state of strength of ambient lighting.
(2) luminous intensity numerical value and preset threshold scope are compared, bright or dark excessively if light intensity is crossed, just need carry out corresponding output light intensity control signal, otherwise constant.Concrete; Set dark threshold value L; Cross bright threshold value H, if wherein luminous intensity numerical value is in [0-L] then show that image light is dark excessively, if luminous intensity numerical value is in [H-MAX] then show that bright excessively (MAX is determined by concrete gray value expression form image light; If explain with 8 integers, then MAX=255).
(3) according to the luminous intensity control signal, go to control initiatively that light source increases or reduce emitting led electric current, reaching the luminous intensity of regulating the active infrared light source, thereby make the exposure of imageing sensor be in a kind of state preferably.
For example: select for use photodiode S5226 as Sensitive Apparatus; Light intensity value is converted into the short-circuit current value of photodiode; Photodiode is in back biased; Make photodiode be operated in the third phase limit of its voltage-current characteristic, light intensity and photoelectric current are linear, have the lower noise and the better linearity with respect to the circuit of this form of zero offset.Because the silicon photo diode output current is less; Therefore the influence of bias current to measuring in order to reduce amplifier must be chosen the amplifier of hanging down bias current, and photoelectricity conversion module output voltage signal carries out the A/D sampling; To between the specific luminance optimal zone; When light intensity was lower than L, light intensity was dark excessively, provided the signal that improves light intensity; Light intensity is between L and H the time, and light intensity meets the demands does not need adjustment, and when light intensity was higher than H, light intensity was bright excessively, provides the signal that reduces light intensity.
5) comprehensively implement use-case (inter-sync and IT):
Eye detection and tracking system with based on the active infrared light source are example, and the enforcement of inter-sync and IT mode is described.Utilize so-called bright pupil technology and infrared frame difference image to assist the detection that realizes eyes.Wherein, the collection effect of infrared frame difference image has played crucial effects in the accuracy rate of the detection that improves eyes.According to method proposed by the invention, we can design following hardware system.The realization block diagram of whole system is illustrated in fig. 10 shown below.
Whole hardware system is by four parts.First part is the front end of gathering, and is made up of ccd video camera and two groups of infrared LED lamps; Second portion is that synchronizing signal is extracted and the light source synchronization control circuit, from the CVBS signal of analog form, extracts synchronizing clock signals, handles back output control signal according to corresponding sequential control circuit; The 3rd part is the video image acquisition circuit, utilizes a PCI capture card and V4L to drive the collection that realizes video; The 4th part is the control circuit of brightness, makes the bright pupil image that obtains and face's background gray scale of the dark non-pupil of pupil image be similar to identical through the luminous intensity of regulating outer shroud light source and interior ring light source.In Figure 10, we adopt CCD shooting the carrying out collection of video data.In the CCD imaging circuit; The ccd image sensor that uses is ICX405AL; This is the ccd sensor (it is 500 (H) * 582 (V) that valid pixel is counted) of a support CCIR black and white standard (CCIR is and the corresponding black-and-white TV form of PAL); Its corresponding sequential control circuit is CXD2463R, and the DSP process chip is CXA1310AQ.The view data that shooting is gathered is exported with the CVBS signal.Utilize synchronizing signal to extract chip LM1881, can go out field sync signal and frame synchronizing signal from CVBS signal extraction.For the CCIR monochrome television signal, 50 of per second transmission, 25 frame image signals.For ccd video camera, it uses one time to carry out integration.Obtain bright pupil image if desired, only need in one, let the inner ring infrared light supply keep a period of time to light, outer ring infrared light supply length is gone out, and just can in this, obtain a bright pupil image.Same method acts on the image that can obtain a dark pupil on the light source of outer ring.Wherein, the outer ring light source that uses is the infrared light supply of 850nm wavelength as the infrared light supply of 940nm wavelength, inner ring light source.The Synchronization Control sequential is shown in figure 11:
In Figure 11, parity signal is by the LM1881 parity field signal that decoding obtains in the middle of the CVBS signal (high-low level corresponding respectively two kinds of different field signals).Control of inner ring lamp and outer ring lamp control are respectively the control signals of inner ring and outer ring LED lamp.We can suppose the duration of bright lamp pulse identical (pulse duration is by program setting), so (T is arranged
OeBe the duration of a frame):
In addition, owing to be known as CCIR black and white standard video, so have:
T
b＝T
d＝2T
oe＝80ms
According to the principle of ccd sensor,, must satisfy following constraint for producing bright pupil effect:
Wherein, ts is the amount relevant with ccd image sensor.Can know that by Figure 12 the synchronizing signal of being exported by ccd image sensor (positive pulse of Output end) slightly is ahead of FLD (frame signal), so the effect of ts compensates this a bit of difference exactly.For the low diversity factor of background image in bright pupil image and dark pupil image that guarantees non-eye, the duty ratio of time of dark pupil light source igniting should be identical as far as possible with bright pupil light source igniting duty ratio of time.For solving the image brightness difference problem of parity field, the duty ratio of balanced light source in parity field of should trying one's best.The synchronizing signal time-delay 1ms of native system design light source, duty ratio is 40%, parity field light source duty ratio is respectively 20%.
Claims (7)
1. based on the image-pickup method and the system of active light source, it is characterized in that system by the active infrared light source cell, synchronously and light intensity control unit, self adaptation synchronously and light intensity detecting unit and image sensor cell four parts form.
2. image-pickup method and system based on the active light source according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: said active infrared light source cell; Its function is to receive synchronously and the control signal of luminous intensity control unit; Clock cycle according to the rules and luminous intensity realize the switching of infrared light supply and the adjusting control of luminous intensity.
3. image-pickup method and system based on the active light source according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: said synchronous and light intensity control unit; Its function is the Synchronization Control sequential and control luminous intensity, the adjusting of Control Parameter such as the time for exposure of responsible image sensor cell, shutter interval simultaneously that the result of and light intensity detecting unit synchronous according to self adaptation produces the active infrared light source cell.
4. image-pickup method and system based on the active light source according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: the synchronous and light intensity detecting unit of said self adaptation; Its function is to realize adaptively the synchronizing signal of active light source and the extraction of light intensity signal, and the result that will detect is sent to synchronously and the light intensity control unit.
5. image-pickup method and system based on the active light source according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said image sensor cell, and its mode of operation comprises sampling rate, time for exposure, resolution etc. by synchronous and light intensity control unit configuration; Imageing sensor can be an analog video camera, also can be imageing sensor module or image sensor chip etc.
6. said synchronously with the light intensity control unit with self adaptation is synchronous and the light intensity detecting unit according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: the detection control of synchronizing signal has dual mode: a) internal synchronization mode; From the output signal of imageing sensor, extract synchronised clock, control active infrared light source; B) external sync mode is utilized external clock synchronous signal generation circuit clocking, through the processing of clock signal, is respectively applied for control active infrared light source cell and image sensor cell.
7. according to the extraction of the said self adaptation of claim 4 light intensity signal synchronously and in the light intensity detecting unit; Two kinds of extraction patterns are arranged: a) IT mode, the view data (luminance component signal etc.) of gathering through imageing sensor extract light intensity signal (such as the mathematic expectaion of statistics with histogram, grey scale pixel value etc.); B) outer acquisition mode extracts light intensity signal through external photoinduction device.
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