CN102760888A - Preparation and application of graphene/substrate electrode and polyaniline-graphene/substrate electrode - Google Patents

Preparation and application of graphene/substrate electrode and polyaniline-graphene/substrate electrode Download PDF

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CN102760888A
CN102760888A CN2012102463403A CN201210246340A CN102760888A CN 102760888 A CN102760888 A CN 102760888A CN 2012102463403 A CN2012102463403 A CN 2012102463403A CN 201210246340 A CN201210246340 A CN 201210246340A CN 102760888 A CN102760888 A CN 102760888A
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graphene
basal electrode
electrode
polyaniline
aqueous solution
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刘中良
侯俊先
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Beijing University of Technology
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Beijing University of Technology
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

Abstract

The invention discloses preparation and application of a graphene/substrate electrode and a polyaniline-graphene/substrate electrode and belongs to the technical field of electrodes. The preparation comprises the following steps of: dispensing a graphene oxide aqueous solution on a substrate; reducing a graphene oxide/substrate electrode by employing a three-electrode system and cyclic voltammetry to obtain the graphene/substrate electrode; soaking the graphene/substrate electrode in a polyaniline aqueous solution; and taking out and drying to obtain the polyaniline-graphene/substrate electrode. The method is simple in process, convenient, rapid, green and free from pollution, and the power output of a microbial fuel cell can be obviously improved.

Description

The preparation of Graphene/basal electrode and polyaniline-Graphene/basal electrode and application
Technical field
The invention belongs to the electrode technology field, be specifically related to the preparation method of Graphene/basal electrode, polyaniline-Graphene/basal electrode and the application in microbiological fuel cell, for the finishing of electrode provides a kind of brand-new, effective thinking.
Background technology
The mankind are being faced with huge energy and environment pressure, and the energy is the important substance basis of mankind's socio-economic development, is productivity power of development source.The maximum environment challenge that we face is to solve energy output and CO simultaneously 2The problem that discharges, we must develop a brand-new platform, when guaranteeing the enough energy of output, reduce CO 2Release.Therefore the best approach that solves the energy and weather is that a large amount of investments is applied in the research and development of regenerative resource.
Microbiological fuel cell (microbial fuel cell is called for short MFC) is a kind of new technology that when purifying waste water, produces electric energy, and it is to utilize microbe biomass to be converted into the device of electric energy.Has huge application potential at aspects such as sewage disposal, microbiological sensor, desalinization, electrolytic hydrogen productions.Yet, the application of output power density limit microbiological fuel cell in reality.In recent years, the research of microbiological fuel cell is concentrated on the improvement, service conditions optimization, the discussion of microorganism electricity generation mechanism, novel electrode material etc. of configuration.It is most important to the power output that improves microbiological fuel cell to develop high performance anode material.Good anode material requires to have good electrical conductivity, biocompatibility and big specific area etc.
The electrode material of traditional microbiological fuel cell comprises carbon cloth, carbon felt, carbon paper, stainless (steel) wire, nickel foam etc.Yet the electro catalytic activity of common carbon material surface and electron transport ability are all relatively poor, and the electronics that the microbial bacterial metabolic process produces will transit to be needed on the common material with carbon element electrode to consume higher energy, causes bigger anode activation overpotential.In order to reduce anode activation overpotential, further improve the electricity generation performance of galvanic anode, must handle or modify the surface of common material with carbon element electrode.Along with the development of material science, nano material has been applied to the modification of the anode of microbiological fuel cell, and has improved the power output of microbiological fuel cell significantly.For example, synthetic material of CNT, ruthenium-oxide, polymer and CNT and polymer etc.
Graphene is the graphite flake that only is made up of one deck carbon atom, and (theoretical value is 2630m to have high-specific surface area 2/ g), excellent conductivity, high mechanical properties, electro catalytic activity etc. receive the extensive concern in each field, for example in the application study of aspects such as transducer, lithium ion battery, solar cell, ultracapacitor, have all improved its performance greatly.Polyaniline is a kind of conducting polymer of possess hydrophilic property, has excellent biological compatibility, helps the absorption and biological formation of bacterium.
The method for preparing Graphene with redox commonly used is compared, and it is lower that the method that electrochemical reduction prepares Graphene has a cost, and preparation technology is simple, and is convenient and swift, characteristics such as green non-pollution.The finishing that this technology is used for electrode has broad application prospects.At present, utilizing electrochemical reduction method to prepare Graphene unites polyaniline modified electrode simultaneously and is applied to also not appear in the newspapers in the microbiological fuel cell.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of modifying of electrode surface, and be applied in the microbiological fuel cell, thereby the activation loss of attenuating electrode increases the power output of microbiological fuel cell.It is simple that the method has technology, and characteristics such as convenient and swift and green non-pollution are for the finishing of electrode of microbial fuel cell provides a kind of new way.
In order to overcome the above problems, the present invention realizes through following technical scheme:
Utilize electrochemical reducing to prepare the method for Graphene/basal electrode, it is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) the graphite oxide aqueous solution of the uniform and stable dispersion of the ultrasonic acquisition of graphite oxide aqueous solution;
(2) even the dripping of above-mentioned graphene aqueous solution is coated onto on the basal electrode, air dry obtains graphene oxide/basal electrode;
(3) adopt three-electrode system, thereby utilize cyclic voltammetry redox graphene/basal electrode to obtain Graphene/basal electrode; Naturally dry.
Above-mentioned cyclic voltammetry is reduced to conventional method, adopts three-electrode system, and preferably adopting the scanning voltage excursion is that 0V arrives-1.6V, and the scanning number of turns is 5 circles, and sweep speed is 5mV/s, and reduction process is as shown in Figure 1.In first lap when scanning,, graphene oxide/basal electrode has produced a reduction current peak at-1.5V, and in ensuing several circles scannings, reduction peak disappears, and shows that Graphene successfully generates on substrate surface.
The preparation method of polyaniline-Graphene/basal electrode is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) the graphite oxide aqueous solution of the uniform and stable dispersion of the ultrasonic acquisition of graphite oxide aqueous solution;
(2) even the dripping of above-mentioned graphene aqueous solution is coated onto on the basal electrode, air dry obtains graphene oxide/basal electrode;
(3) adopt three-electrode system, thereby utilize cyclic voltammetry redox graphene/basal electrode to obtain Graphene/basal electrode; Naturally dry;
(4) adopt conventional electrically conductive polyaniline manufacture method, aniline is dissolved in the hydrochloric acid, the ammonium persulfate that quick adding has been got ready is dissolved in the solution of hydrochloric acid, stirs, and spends the night, and promptly obtains polyaniline solutions;
(5) above-mentioned steps (4) solution is filtered, with deionized water wash till the neutrality of filtrating; Place 60 ℃ vacuum drying chamber dry, promptly obtain polyaniline powder;
(6) dried polyaniline solutions is water-soluble, the ultrasonic polyphenyl ammonia spirit that obtains stable dispersion; The preferred 1mg/mL of concentration;
(7) place the homodisperse polyaniline aqueous solution to soak Graphene/basal electrode, take out nature and dry, promptly obtain polyaniline-Graphene/basal electrode.
Basal electrode includes but not limited to following several kinds of electric conducting materials: corrosion-resistant metal materials such as carbon-based material such as graphite, carbon cloth, carbon felt, graphite felt or stainless (steel) wire, nickel foam, titanium alloy.
Polyaniline-Graphene/basal electrode, Graphene/basal electrode, basal electrode property comparison, with size be the carbon cloth of 1.8 * 1.8cm as basal electrode, the adhesion amount of graphene oxide is that 2mg is illustrated on the basal electrode.
The electrochemical properties of electrode utilizes cyclic voltammetry (CV) to weigh, and adopts three-electrode system, and sweep limits is-0.8V-0.8V., as shown in Figure 1, utilize Raman spectrum verify Graphene substrate surface whether reduce success and polyaniline whether success attached to the Graphene surface on, as shown in Figure 2.The electrode surface pattern adopts electron-microscope scanning (SEM) to characterize, and is as shown in Figure 3.
The assembling of microbiological fuel cell and the test of performance.
With above-mentioned polyaniline-Graphene/basal electrode, Graphene/basal electrode and the basal electrode anode as microbiological fuel cell, MFC adopts double-chamber structure, is made up of the polymethyl methacrylate of two circles respectively.The cathode and anode chamber is separated by PEM, and sodium acetate is as the anode substrate, and the electron acceptor of negative electrode comprises potassium ferricyanide solution.Utilize polarization curve to verify the performance of microbiological fuel cell, as shown in Figure 4.
Can be coated with the load capacity that number of times is regulated and control Graphene through the concentration or the dripping of graphite oxide aqueous solution of regulation and control graphite oxide aqueous solution in the method for the present invention, like the adjustable 0.1-2mg Graphene/cm that makes 2Substrate.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect
(1) as can beappreciated from fig. 1, in first lap when scanning,, graphene oxide/basal electrode has produced a reduction current peak at-1.5V, and in ensuing several circles scannings, reduction peak disappears, and shows that Graphene successfully generates on the basal electrode surface.The method technology is simple, and convenient and swift and green non-pollution is a kind of highly effective electrode face finish method.
(2) as can beappreciated from fig. 2; The electric current that polyaniline-Graphene/basal electrode and Graphene/basal electrode produces is obviously greater than the basal electrode without modification; Compare simultaneously without the basal electrode of modifying; Tangible oxidation peak and reduction peak have appearred in polyaniline-Graphene/basal electrode and Graphene/basal electrode, the generation of visible polyaniline-Graphene/basal electrode and Graphene/basal electrode ability accelerating oxidation reduction reaction.
(3) can find out that from Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 polyaniline-Graphene/substrate and Graphene/basal electrode prepare successfully, Graphene has good electrical conductivity and big specific area, for polyaniline provides huge bond area.Polyaniline has excellent biological compatibility, helps adhering to and biomembranous formation of anode bacterium.Thereby reduced the activation loss of anode, can improve the power output of microbiological fuel cell significantly.
(4) as can beappreciated from fig. 5, assembling polyaniline-Graphene/basal electrode, Graphene/basal electrode significantly improves as the microbiological fuel cell maximum power density of anode, is respectively 3 times and 2.1 times of substrate of unmodified.This explanation the invention provides a kind of method of modifying of highly effective electrode surface.Has wide future in engineering applications.
Description of drawings
The cyclic voltammogram of Fig. 1 graphene oxide reduction process;
(a) represent basal electrode, (b) represent graphene oxide/basal electrode;
The cyclic voltammetry curve of Fig. 2 polyaniline-Graphene/basal electrode, Graphene/basal electrode, basal electrode relatively;
(a) represent polyaniline-Graphene/basal electrode, (b) represent Graphene/basal electrode, (c) represent basal electrode;
The Raman spectrogram of Fig. 3 polyaniline-Graphene/basal electrode, Graphene/basal electrode, polyaniline/basal electrode, graphene oxide/basal electrode, basal electrode;
(a) represent polyaniline-Graphene/basal electrode, (b) represent polyaniline/basal electrode, (c) represent Graphene/basal electrode, (d) represent graphene oxide/basal electrode, (e) represent basal electrode.
The electron-microscope scanning figure of Fig. 4 polyaniline-Graphene/basal electrode, Graphene/basal electrode, basal electrode;
(a) represent graphene oxide/basal electrode, (b) represent Graphene/basal electrode, (c) represent polyaniline-Graphene/basal electrode;
Fig. 5 is different, and the anode utmost point is assembled to the polarization curve in the microbiological fuel cell;
(a) represent polyaniline-Graphene/basal electrode, (b) represent Graphene/basal electrode, (c) represent basal electrode.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Present embodiment is used to explain that electrochemical reducing graphene oxide/basal electrode obtains the process of Graphene/basal electrode.
Utilize electrochemical reducing to prepare the method for Graphene/basal electrode, it is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) the graphite oxide aqueous solution of the uniform and stable dispersion of the ultrasonic acquisition of graphite oxide aqueous solution;
(2) even the dripping of above-mentioned graphene aqueous solution is coated onto on the basal electrode, air dry obtains graphene oxide/basal electrode;
(3) adopt three-electrode system, thereby utilize cyclic voltammetry redox graphene/basal electrode to obtain Graphene/basal electrode; Naturally dry.
The carbon cloth that with the size is 1.8cm * 1.8cm is as basal electrode, and the adhesion amount of graphene oxide is that 2mg is illustrated on the basal electrode.Adopt three-electrode system, as work electrode, auxiliary electrode and reference electrode are respectively platinum guaze and Ag/AgCl electrode with graphene oxide/basal electrode.Thereby utilize cyclic voltammetry electrochemical reduction graphene oxide/basal electrode to obtain Graphene/basal electrode; The scanning voltage excursion is that 0V arrives-1.6V, and the scanning number of turns is 5 circles, and sweep speed is 5mV/s.Reduction process is as shown in Figure 1.Compare with the basal electrode of unmodified, in first lap when scanning,, graphene oxide/substrate has produced a huge reduction current peak at-1.5V, this be since in the graphene oxide of electrode surface the reduction of oxygen-containing functional group (OH ,-COOH etc.) cause.In ensuing a few circle scannings, the reduction current peak disappears, and shows that Graphene successfully generates on substrate surface.The method technology is simple, and convenient and swift and green non-pollution is a kind of highly effective electrode face finish method.
Embodiment 2
The preparation method of polyaniline-Graphene/basal electrode may further comprise the steps:
(1) 0.3g aniline is dissolved in the 1mol/L hydrochloric acid of 10mL, in the solution of the 1mol/L hydrochloric acid of the 10mL that contains the 0.18g ammonium persulfate that quick adding has been got ready, stirs, spend the night, promptly obtain polyaniline solutions;
(2) above-mentioned steps (1) solution is filtered, with deionized water wash till the neutrality of filtrating; Place 60 ℃ vacuum drying chamber dry, promptly obtain polyaniline powder;
(3) dried polyaniline solutions is water-soluble, the ultrasonic polyphenyl ammonia spirit that obtains stable dispersion; The preferred 1mg/mL of concentration;
(4) Graphene/basal electrode with embodiment 1 preparation places the homodisperse polyaniline aqueous solution to soak, and takes out nature and dries, and promptly obtains Graphene-polyaniline/basal electrode.
Embodiment 3
Present embodiment is used to explain the electrode assembling microbiological fuel cell that utilizes embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 preparations.
Microbiological fuel cell adopts double-chamber structure, is made up of the polymethyl methacrylate of two circles, and the volume of the anode chamber and the cathode chamber is 40mL.The cathode and anode chamber is that the nafion117 PEM of 2cm * 2cm separates by size.Anolyte is by 1g/L CH 3COONa, 0.3g/L NH 4Cl, 1g/L Nacl, 0.03g/LMgSO 4, 0.04g/L CaCl 2, 0.2g/L NaHCO 3, 5.3g/L K 2HPO 4, 10.7g/L KH 2PO 4Form, catholyte is by the 32.9g/L potassium ferricyanide and pH=6.9 cushioning liquid (5.3g/L K 2HPO 4, 10.7g/L KH 2PO 4) configuration form, adopt thick 3mm, the carbon felt of big or small 2cm * 2cm is as negative electrode.MFC places 35 ℃ thermostat, moves under the external 500 Ω external resistance conditions, when output voltage is changed anolyte and catholyte during less than 50mV.The inoculation thalline derives from the anaerobic sludge of Gaobeidian City, Beijing sewage treatment plant.Assembling Graphene-polyaniline/carbon cloth, Graphene/carbon cloth and literalness carbon cloth are respectively 1390mW/m as the microbiological fuel cell maximum power density of anode 2, 1003mW/m 2And 476mW/m 2Therefore, electrode face finish method provided by the invention has significantly improved the power output of microbiological fuel cell.
The cyclic voltammogram of graphene oxide reduction process is seen Fig. 1, and the cyclic voltammetry curve of polyaniline-Graphene/basal electrode, Graphene/basal electrode, basal electrode is relatively seen Fig. 2; The Raman spectrogram of polyaniline-Graphene/basal electrode, Graphene/basal electrode, polyaniline/basal electrode, graphene oxide/basal electrode, basal electrode is seen Fig. 3; The electron-microscope scanning figure of polyaniline-Graphene/basal electrode, Graphene/basal electrode, basal electrode sees Fig. 4; The polarization curve that the different anode utmost points are assembled in the microbiological fuel cell is seen Fig. 5.

Claims (7)

1. utilize electrochemical reducing to prepare the method for Graphene/basal electrode, it is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) the graphite oxide aqueous solution of the uniform and stable dispersion of the ultrasonic acquisition of graphite oxide aqueous solution;
(2) even the dripping of above-mentioned graphene aqueous solution is coated onto on the basal electrode, air dry obtains graphene oxide/basal electrode;
(3) adopt three-electrode system, thereby utilize cyclic voltammetry redox graphene/basal electrode to obtain Graphene/basal electrode; Naturally dry.
2. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that substrate is the carbon-based material or the corrosion-resistant metal materials of conduction.
3. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that substrate is graphite, carbon cloth, carbon felt, graphite felt, stainless (steel) wire, nickel foam or titanium alloy.
4. the preparation method of polyaniline-Graphene/basal electrode is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) the graphite oxide aqueous solution of the uniform and stable dispersion of the ultrasonic acquisition of graphite oxide aqueous solution;
(2) even the dripping of above-mentioned graphene aqueous solution is coated onto on the basal electrode, air dry obtains graphene oxide/basal electrode;
(3) adopt three-electrode system, thereby utilize cyclic voltammetry redox graphene/basal electrode to obtain Graphene/basal electrode; Naturally dry;
(4) aniline is dissolved in the hydrochloric acid, the ammonium persulfate that quick adding has been got ready is dissolved in the solution of hydrochloric acid, stirs, and spends the night, and promptly obtains polyaniline solutions;
(5) above-mentioned steps (4) solution is filtered, with deionized water wash till the neutrality of filtrating; Place 60 ℃ vacuum drying chamber dry, promptly obtain polyaniline powder;
(6) dried polyaniline solutions is water-soluble, the ultrasonic polyphenyl ammonia spirit that obtains stable dispersion;
(7) place the homodisperse polyaniline aqueous solution to soak Graphene/basal electrode, take out nature and dry, promptly obtain polyaniline-Graphene/basal electrode.
5. according to the method for claim 4, it is characterized in that substrate is the carbon-based material or the corrosion-resistant metal materials of conduction.
6. according to the method for claim 4, it is characterized in that substrate is graphite, carbon cloth, carbon felt, graphite felt, stainless (steel) wire, nickel foam or titanium alloy.
7. Graphene/basal electrode or polyaniline-Graphene/basal electrode are applied in the microbiological fuel cell.
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