CN102758417B - A kind of water and soil is separated the method for environmental protection and the water and soil isolating construction thereof of building up fields of harnessing the river - Google Patents
A kind of water and soil is separated the method for environmental protection and the water and soil isolating construction thereof of building up fields of harnessing the river Download PDFInfo
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- CN102758417B CN102758417B CN201210263913.3A CN201210263913A CN102758417B CN 102758417 B CN102758417 B CN 102758417B CN 201210263913 A CN201210263913 A CN 201210263913A CN 102758417 B CN102758417 B CN 102758417B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/11—Hard structures, e.g. dams, dykes or breakwaters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/30—Flood prevention; Flood or storm water management, e.g. using flood barriers
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Abstract
The invention belongs to a kind of water and soil, to be separated the build up fields method of environmental protection and water and soil isolating construction thereof, the method for harnessing the river be that setting is harnessed the river region of building up fields; At the built-in dam body in region and the inside and outside dam Inclination body dam body of building up fields of harnessing the river, what interior dam Inclination body and periphery landform surrounded harness the river, and region of building up fields is reservoir area; The reservoir area inner bottom part simultaneously surrounded at interior dam Inclination body and periphery landform and interior dam Inclination body are provided with water and soil isolating construction, by the mixed water quick separating containing a large amount of silt in reservoir area, the water of separation is drawn storehouse outer and be stored in lower storage basin, the silt formation farmland of precipitation.Water and soil isolating construction comprises infiltration sand bed, soakaway trench, gallery and sluice way.The present invention can will carry out being separated of water and silt fast in storehouse containing the large flood of quantity of sand and mud, there is the dual-use function of building up fields with water storage, to make in dam the silt of deposition can plant development again, there is small investment, water and soil conservation is good, improves the ecological environment, and prevents drought and waterlogging from occurring, create a good condition to crop growth, reach the advantage of increasing both production and income.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of water and soil and be separated the method for environmental protection and the isolating construction thereof of building up fields of harnessing the river.
Background technology
China's geographical environment determines that one rains in torrents, rainwater roll earth's surface silt along high and under, pool violent a large amount of floods, destroy by rush of water farmland and house on the way, blocking river course, cause serious harm not only to for a long time mankind's property, and making environmental destruction, flood is soil erosion on the way, and rock is exposed, the poor ridge in soil, not even a blade of grass grows.
World's water conservancy difficult problem to the improvement containing a large amount of silt flood, this is because the flood that ferociousness is a large amount of is difficult to interception, even if by the flood storage natural sedimentation silt in reservoir containing a large amount of silt after building dam interception, but exist and must build the large reservoir of stock's water yield, to be large enough to hold flood, but the construction investment of this reservoir is large, often to incline the power of state, several years builds up, and also need to take farmlands a large amount of in reservoir area and immigrant, and the more important thing is that the reservoir area after building up can only water storage, plant development again of can not building up fields.On the other hand, the flood holding a large amount of silt slowly deposits in reservoir area, reservoir area volume can be made rapidly to reduce concerning large reservoir, and reservoir shortening service life, need spend huge fund sand discharge toward contact.And from water conservancy aspect, be also unfavorable for that building dam makes reservoir containing the area that silt flood discharge is large.And for little reservoir, quantity in stock determines that the flood that can not allow to hold a large amount of silt naturally slowly deposits in reservoir area, otherwise flood did not have or the dam body that destroys by rush of water, and lost the effect of administering flood.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide water and soil and be separated the method for environmental protection and the isolating construction thereof of building up fields of harnessing the river, the flood large containing quantity of sand and mud can be carried out being separated of water and silt by the method and isolating construction fast in storehouse, there is the dual-use function of building up fields with water storage, to make in dam the silt of deposition can plant development again, have small investment, water and soil conservation be good, improve the ecological environment, prevent drought and waterlogging from occurring, create a good condition to crop growth, reach the advantage of increasing both production and income.
For this reason, a kind of water and soil is separated the build up fields method of environmental protection of harnessing the river and is:
Set region of building up fields of harnessing the river;
At the surface flow junction of building up fields and utilizing terrain slope to find out natural precipitation in region to be formed of harnessing the river, or flood river outlet builds dam body and inside and outside dam Inclination body dam body, and what interior dam Inclination body and periphery landform surrounded harness the river, and region of building up fields is reservoir area;
The reservoir area inner bottom part surrounded at interior dam Inclination body and periphery landform is provided with water and soil isolating construction, or the reservoir area inner bottom part simultaneously surrounded at interior dam Inclination body and periphery landform and interior dam Inclination body are provided with water and soil isolating construction, by the mixed water quick separating containing a large amount of silt in reservoir area, the water of separation is drawn storehouse outer and be stored in lower storage basin, the silt formation farmland of precipitation.
Described water and soil isolating construction at least comprises: infiltration sand bed; With the soakaway trench water infiltrated in infiltration sand bed introduced in gallery; And the water in gallery is drawn the sluice way outside dam body.
Reservoir area using function is controlled by the method controlling to discharge in sluice way the water yield.
A kind of water and soil that realizes is separated the water and soil isolating construction of method of environmental protection of building up fields of harnessing the river, primarily of dam body, be positioned at the outer dam Inclination body outside dam body and be positioned at dam Inclination body inside dam body and formed, water and soil isolating construction is positioned at the reservoir area inner bottom part that dam Inclination body and periphery landform surround; Or the reservoir area inner bottom part to surround at interior dam Inclination body and periphery landform and interior dam Inclination body are provided with water and soil isolating construction.
Described water and soil isolating construction comprises:
Infiltration sand bed, for the water in isolated by filtration water and silt, infiltration sand bed is positioned at reservoir area inner bottom part, or is positioned on reservoir area inner bottom part and dam Inclination body;
Soakaway trench, for the water in isolated by filtration water and silt and by the water importing gallery after separation of sediment, soakaway trench is several, soakaway trench spacing distance is distributed in the infiltration sand bed being arranged in reservoir area inner bottom part, or soakaway trench spacing distance is distributed in the infiltration sand bed that the infiltration sand bed that is arranged in reservoir area inner bottom part and spacing distance are distributed in dam Inclination body, one end of every root soakaway trench is sealing end, and the other end of every root soakaway trench communicates with gallery;
Gallery, for collecting the water transmitting and imported by each soakaway trench, gallery is positioned at bottom dam Inclination body, and gallery communicates with sluice way;
Sluice way, for controlling and discharge water in gallery outside dam body, one end of sluice way communicates with gallery, and the other end of sluice way is through being positioned at outside outer dam Inclination body bottom inside and outside dam Inclination body and dam body, and sluice way is provided with the gate opening and closing this sluice way.
The periphery of described every bar soakaway trench is equipped with infiltration sand bed.The axial line of described every bar soakaway trench and gallery axial line angle are 30 ° ~ 90 °.Described be positioned at the soakaway trench on dam Inclination body and dam Inclination body outer wall is domatic be arranged in parallel.Sand-fixation net is provided with outside the described infiltration sand bed be positioned on dam Inclination body.The described soakaway trench be positioned on dam Inclination body is tilting.Described soakaway trench is infiltration sand tube, or to gather the pipe of water seepage hole for tube wall.Described soakaway trench is infiltration channel, and infiltration channel upper end open establishes infiltration orifice plate.Described several are 2 ~ ten thousand.The thickness of the infiltration sand bed of described soakaway trench periphery is for being at least 2cm.Said structure design achieves object of the present invention.
The present invention can will carry out being separated of water and silt fast in storehouse containing the large flood of quantity of sand and mud, there is the dual-use function of building up fields with water storage, to make in dam the silt of deposition can plant development again, there is small investment, water and soil conservation is good, improves the ecological environment, and prevents drought and waterlogging from occurring, create a good condition to crop growth, reach the advantage of increasing both production and income.Specifically have the following advantages:
(1) can by carry out being separated of water and silt fast in storehouse containing the large flood of quantity of sand and mud, have and build up fields and the dual-use function of water storage.According to example test, water and soil is separated dam by carry out being separated of water and silt fast in storehouse containing the large flood of quantity of sand and mud, can inhibit flood, overcomes grievous injury that flood causes to mankind's property and makes environmental destruction.Lack of water in thorough change control zone (reservoir area) and scarce earthy state, increase and combine economic benefit.The present invention can make the rocky ground in reservoir area within 1 ~ 2 water storage phase, carry out earth lid deposition being applicable to crop growth, can carry out the plantation of crops, and the water after being separated can be stored in another reservoir area, downstream for using.If use closed shutter as reservoir.
(2) small investment, instant effect.Experimentally show, about hundred yuan of every mu of average cost, this investment amount compares other investment of water project and will lack many.
(3) short, technique simply, is easily popularized the duration.This project does not need extensive construction, does not destroy existing water engineering facility, does not take farmland, and construction is simple, and the duration is short, easily popularizes.
(4) large, the long service life of income.After this project is built up, take Natural regulation method, there is no power consumption, can crop yield be increased, reduce disaster, increase economic efficiency significantly.Long service life, maintenance cost is extremely low, once invests, long term benefit, and reservoir area finally also forms terraced fields, is beneficial to agricultural production.
(5) flexible and changeable, practical.This project is changeable, little then one square kilometre, a greatly then region, can Points replacing surfaces, and multiple spot in flakes, reaches the large and small improvement of regional water resources situation and the improvement of flood.Make regional water resources reach the equilibrium of supply and demand, allowing the Nature is better mankind's community service, thoroughly can solve China's some areas water resource and lack problem.
Example test of the present invention: 2009, county of Shaanxi Province built up dam body of the present invention and inside and outside dam Inclination body at flooded area, and dam body is high 60 meters, long 700 meters, the reservoir area area that dam body and periphery mountain shape surround about 15 square kilometres, reservoir area inner bottom surface is rock and stone riprap face, and not even a blade of grass grows.When building dam body and outer dam Inclination body, reservoir area inner bottom part outside under dam Inclination body establishes infiltration sand bed, in infiltration sand bed, spacing distance establishes 140 soakaway trenchs, soakaway trench diameter 0.5 ~ 2 meter, length is at least 50 meters, outside dam Inclination body establishes infiltration sand bed, and in infiltration sand bed, spacing distance establishes 70 soakaway trenchs, this soakaway trench diameter 0.5 ~ 1 meter, length is 30 ~ 50 meters.Soakaway trench periphery infiltration burial depth is 2 ~ 30cm.6 ~ August of the same year, meet Storm Flood Disasters, reservoir area storage is containing the flood of a large amount of silt, one day the depth of water (bosom) reach 30 meters, through isolated by filtration of the present invention, after 30 hours, in reservoir area, bosom water level is down to less than 1 meter, and all the other places are average carries out the silt covering about 10cm, can Planting Crops thereon then through arranging.The water storage of oozing out uses at lower storage basin.According to measuring and calculating, become good farmland with within about 10 years, can making reservoir area stone riprap, comprehensive benefit is remarkable.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the A-A cross-sectional view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is partial structurtes schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is another embodiment schematic diagram of soakaway trench of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
A kind of water and soil is separated the build up fields method of environmental protection of harnessing the river:
Set region of building up fields of harnessing the river;
At the surface flow junction of building up fields and utilizing terrain slope to find out natural precipitation in region to be formed of harnessing the river, or flood river outlet builds dam body and inside and outside dam Inclination body dam body, and what interior dam Inclination body and periphery landform surrounded harness the river, and region of building up fields is reservoir area.The quantity of dam body region topography of building up fields according to harnessing the river is arranged, and establishes lower storage basin, to store the water of discharging in reservoir area in the external side of key dam lower than the applicable position on ground in reservoir area.
The reservoir area inner bottom part surrounded at interior dam Inclination body and periphery landform is provided with water and soil isolating construction, or the reservoir area inner bottom part simultaneously surrounded at interior dam Inclination body and periphery landform and interior dam Inclination body are provided with water and soil isolating construction, by the mixed water quick separating containing a large amount of silt in reservoir area, the water of separation is drawn storehouse outer and be stored in lower storage basin, the silt formation farmland of precipitation.
Described water and soil isolating construction at least comprises: infiltration sand bed; With the soakaway trench water infiltrated in infiltration sand bed introduced in gallery; And the water in gallery is drawn the sluice way outside dam body.Infiltration sand bed is preferably arranged on bottom surface, reservoir area on front side of interior dam Inclination body or interior dam Inclination body, and infiltration sand bed upper surface should lower than bottom surface, reservoir area or lower than Inclination body outer face, interior dam.
Reservoir area using function is controlled by the method controlling to discharge in sluice way the water yield.Obviously, open sluice way flood period and discharged by the water after separation of sediment in reservoir area, the silt of reservoir area precipitation can form farmland and cultivate.Discharging the water yield if control can keep ground in reservoir area to be applicable to waterline, is beneficial to agriculture acting growth; Or form eminence farmland, reservoir area, the effect of coexisting of lower water storage.If close sluice way, reservoir can be formed.
As shown in Figures 1 to 4, realize the water and soil isolating construction of the inventive method, primarily of dam body 3, be positioned at the outer dam Inclination body 2 outside dam body and be positioned at dam Inclination body 8 inside dam body and formed.Water and soil isolating construction is positioned at the reservoir area inner bottom part that dam Inclination body and periphery landform 1 surround; Or the reservoir area inner bottom part to surround at interior dam Inclination body and periphery landform and interior dam Inclination body are provided with water and soil isolating construction.
Described water and soil isolating construction comprises:
Infiltration sand bed 5,9, for the water in isolated by filtration water and silt, infiltration sand bed 9 is positioned at reservoir area inner bottom part, or is positioned on reservoir area inner bottom part and dam Inclination body.Infiltration sand bed is positioned at every bar soakaway trench periphery, and when soakaway trench is substituted by infiltration channel, infiltration sand bed is positioned at every bar infiltration channel periphery.The periphery of described every bar soakaway trench is equipped with infiltration sand bed.The thickness of the infiltration sand bed of described soakaway trench periphery is for being at least 2cm, so that the silt in effective filtered water.Be provided with Sand-fixation net 13 outside the described infiltration sand bed be positioned on dam Inclination body, Sand-fixation net can be cement web plate with holes, so that be installed on interior dam Inclination body by infiltration sand bed.Infiltration sand bed is made up of the sand of particle diameter 0.5 ~ 2mm, and can be fine sand layer 0.5 ~ 1mm near the sand of soakaway trench periphery, all the other positions be rough sand layer 1.2 ~ 2mm, at the best gland blinding in infiltration sand bed upper end, prevents flood to destroy by rush of water infiltration sand bed.Infiltration sand bed is preferably arranged on bottom surface, reservoir area on front side of interior dam Inclination body or interior dam Inclination body, and infiltration sand bed upper surface should lower than bottom surface, reservoir area or lower than Inclination body outer face, interior dam.
Soakaway trench 4,10, for the water in isolated by filtration water and silt and by the water importing gallery 11 after separation of sediment.Soakaway trench is several.Soakaway trench spacing distance is distributed in the infiltration sand bed being arranged in reservoir area inner bottom part, or soakaway trench spacing distance is distributed in the infiltration sand bed that the infiltration sand bed that is arranged in reservoir area inner bottom part and spacing distance are distributed in dam Inclination body.One end of every root soakaway trench is sealing end, and the other end of every root soakaway trench communicates with gallery.
The axial line of described every bar soakaway trench and gallery axial line angle are 30 ° ~ 90 °.
Described be positioned at the soakaway trench on dam Inclination body and dam Inclination body outer wall is domatic be arranged in parallel.The described soakaway trench 4 be positioned on dam Inclination body is tilting.Described soakaway trench is infiltration sand tube, or to gather the pipe of water seepage hole 14 for tube wall, as tube wall gathers the cast iron pipe of water seepage hole, pipe of cement or plastic pipe etc.
Described soakaway trench is infiltration channel 16, and infiltration channel upper end open establishes infiltration orifice plate 15.Infiltration channel wall 17 is the cement web plate of densely covered water seepage hole.Described several are 2 ~ ten thousand, i.e. several of soakaway trench refer to 2 ~ ten thousand, set as required.
Gallery 11, for collecting the water transmitting and imported by each soakaway trench, gallery is positioned at bottom dam Inclination body, and gallery communicates with sluice way.
Sluice way 7, for controlling and discharge water in gallery outside dam body, one end of sluice way communicates with gallery, and the other end of sluice way is through being positioned at outside outer dam Inclination body bottom inside and outside dam Inclination body and dam body, and sluice way is provided with the gate 6 opening and closing this sluice way.Obviously, sluice way can communicate lower storage basin, recycles to facilitate the water of separation.
Meet Storm Flood Disasters, enter the flood 12 (or various water containing a large amount of silt) that reservoir area includes a large amount of silt, infiltrate rapidly in each soakaway trench at permeable layer place water, infiltration in each soakaway trench collects inflow gallery and discharges outside storehouse from sluice way, and seep water storage recycling in lower storage basin.The silt of filter deposition forms good farmland in reservoir area.Control or close the gate of sluice way, reservoir area storing water, also storing water is built up fields and is got both.
In a word, the present invention can will carry out being separated of water and silt fast in storehouse containing the large flood of quantity of sand and mud, there is the dual-use function of building up fields with water storage, to make in dam the silt of deposition can plant development again, have small investment, water and soil conservation be good, improve the ecological environment, prevent drought and waterlogging from occurring, create a good condition to crop growth, reach the advantage of increasing both production and income.
Claims (6)
1. water and soil is separated the method for environmental protection of building up fields of harnessing the river, and it is characterized in that:
Set region of building up fields of harnessing the river;
At the surface flow junction of building up fields and utilizing terrain slope to find out natural precipitation in region to be formed of harnessing the river, or flood river outlet builds dam body and inside and outside dam Inclination body dam body, and what interior dam Inclination body and periphery landform surrounded harness the river, and region of building up fields is reservoir area;
The reservoir area inner bottom part surrounded at interior dam Inclination body and periphery landform is provided with water and soil isolating construction, or the reservoir area inner bottom part simultaneously surrounded at interior dam Inclination body and periphery landform and interior dam Inclination body are provided with water and soil isolating construction, by the mixed water quick separating containing a large amount of silt in reservoir area, the water of separation is drawn storehouse outer and be stored in lower storage basin, the silt formation farmland of precipitation;
Described water and soil isolating construction at least comprises, infiltration sand bed; With the soakaway trench water infiltrated in infiltration sand bed introduced in gallery; And the water in gallery is drawn the sluice way outside dam body;
Reservoir area using function is controlled by the method controlling to discharge in sluice way the water yield.
2. realize a water and soil isolating construction for method described in claim 1, primarily of dam body, be positioned at the outer dam Inclination body outside dam body and be positioned at dam Inclination body inside dam body and formed, it is characterized in that:
Water and soil isolating construction is positioned at the reservoir area inner bottom part that dam Inclination body and periphery landform surround;
Or the reservoir area inner bottom part to surround at interior dam Inclination body and periphery landform and interior dam Inclination body are provided with water and soil isolating construction;
Described water and soil isolating construction comprises,
Infiltration sand bed, for the water in isolated by filtration water and silt, infiltration sand bed is positioned at reservoir area inner bottom part, or is positioned on reservoir area inner bottom part and dam Inclination body, is provided with Sand-fixation net outside the described infiltration sand bed be positioned on dam Inclination body;
Soakaway trench, for the water in isolated by filtration water and silt and by the water importing gallery after separation of sediment, soakaway trench is several, soakaway trench spacing distance is distributed in the infiltration sand bed being arranged in reservoir area inner bottom part, or soakaway trench spacing distance is distributed in the infiltration sand bed that the infiltration sand bed that is arranged in reservoir area inner bottom part and spacing distance are distributed in dam Inclination body, one end of every root soakaway trench is sealing end, and the other end of every root soakaway trench communicates with gallery;
Gallery, for collecting the water transmitting and imported by each soakaway trench, gallery is positioned at bottom dam Inclination body, and gallery communicates with sluice way;
Sluice way, for controlling and discharge water in gallery outside dam body, one end of sluice way communicates with gallery, and the other end of sluice way is through being positioned at outside outer dam Inclination body bottom inside and outside dam Inclination body and dam body, and sluice way is provided with the gate opening and closing this sluice way.
3. water and soil isolating construction according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the periphery of described every bar soakaway trench is equipped with infiltration sand bed, and the thickness of the infiltration sand bed of soakaway trench periphery is for being at least 2cm.
4. water and soil according to claim 2 is separated dam, it is characterized in that: the axial line of described every bar soakaway trench and gallery axial line angle are 30 ° ~ 90 °.
5. water and soil isolating construction according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described be positioned at the soakaway trench on dam Inclination body and dam Inclination body outer wall is domatic be arranged in parallel, and the soakaway trench be positioned on dam Inclination body is tilting.
6. water and soil isolating construction according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described soakaway trench is infiltration sand tube, or to gather the pipe of water seepage hole for tube wall, or described soakaway trench is infiltration channel, and infiltration channel upper end open establishes infiltration orifice plate.
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| CN201210263913.3A CN102758417B (en) | 2012-07-30 | 2012-07-30 | A kind of water and soil is separated the method for environmental protection and the water and soil isolating construction thereof of building up fields of harnessing the river |
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| CN103452076B (en) * | 2013-10-08 | 2015-09-09 | 张成梁 | Knowledge natural, ecological restorative procedure |
| CN104452654B (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2018-08-24 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | A kind of irrigation terraced fields method for arranging under Ecological Concept |
| CN104612101B (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2016-02-10 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | Beach method and special water-permeable pipe are supported in a kind of water-permeable pipe sandy beach |
| CN104897533B (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2018-02-06 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | A kind of particle size analyzing device and its application method for simulating the sorting of tailing dam waterpower |
| CN107460846B (en) * | 2017-07-14 | 2019-09-03 | 浙江大学 | It is a kind of for prevent and treat Canal in Loess Area groove channel erosion from the soft dam system of becoming silted up |
| CN107859021A (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2018-03-30 | 太仓红码软件技术有限公司 | A kind of automation transmission equipment and its method of work for being used to balance soil erosion |
| CN113152358A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-07-23 | 华北水利水电大学 | Reservoir sediment allocation method |
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