CN102753659A - Magnetorheological fluid and method of making the same - Google Patents
Magnetorheological fluid and method of making the same Download PDFInfo
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- CN102753659A CN102753659A CN2010800518561A CN201080051856A CN102753659A CN 102753659 A CN102753659 A CN 102753659A CN 2010800518561 A CN2010800518561 A CN 2010800518561A CN 201080051856 A CN201080051856 A CN 201080051856A CN 102753659 A CN102753659 A CN 102753659A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/44—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of magnetic liquids, e.g. ferrofluids
- H01F1/445—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of magnetic liquids, e.g. ferrofluids the magnetic component being a compound, e.g. Fe3O4
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/34—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials non-metallic substances, e.g. ferrites
- H01F1/36—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials non-metallic substances, e.g. ferrites in the form of particles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/44—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of magnetic liquids, e.g. ferrofluids
- H01F1/447—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of magnetic liquids, e.g. ferrofluids characterised by magnetoviscosity, e.g. magnetorheological, magnetothixotropic, magnetodilatant liquids
Abstract
A magnetorheological (MR) fluid is described herein. The MR fluid includes a plurality of magnetizable particles having a particle density. The fluid also includes a carrier fluid having a fluid density, and the plurality of magnetizable particles is dispersed within the carrier fluid. A portion of the plurality of magnetizable particles has a particle density that is substantially the same as the fluid density. The MR fluid may include a plurality of magnetizable particles having an outer shell of a magnetizable material and a hollow core. The MR fluid may also include a plurality of magnetizable particles having an outer shell of a magnetizable material and a solid core. The MR fluid may include a plurality of magnetizable particles having a matrix and a plurality of sub-particles embedded therein.; The core or matrix of these particles may include a ceramic, glass or polymer, or a combination thereof. The magnetizable material may include magnetizable metals, metal alloys and various ferrites, such as those comprising Co, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, or Zn, or a combination thereof.
Description
Invention field
Exemplary of the present invention relates to magnetic flow liquid (magnetorheological fluids), more specifically relates to the magnetic flow liquid that comprises the magnetic-particle with the density of mating with this density of liquid.
Background
Magnetorheological (MR) liquid is the liquid that is configured to when standing magnetic field, almost change immediately the micron order magnetic-particle of viscosity.Typical MR liquid under the situation that does not have magnetic field, have depend on its fluid components and granulometric composition, granularity, particle carrying capacity, temperature etc. be prone to record viscosity.But in the presence of externally-applied magnetic field, particles suspended seems to arrange or bunch collection and remarkable thickening of this fluid or gelling.Its virtual viscosity is very high thereupon and need bigger power (so-called yielding stress) to promote flowing in this fluid.Through applying magnetic field, the viscosity of MR liquid is increased to the degree that becomes viscoelastic solid.
MR liquid shows and in the Millisecond time range, is changing their rheologicals and the therefore ability of their flow characteristics with several magnitudes under the influence of externally-applied magnetic field.This rheology of bringing out changes completely reversibility, therefore can be used in the device of response magnetic field environmental change.The purposes of these materials is that the electromechanical actuator of the appropriate structuring of use magnetic flow liquid can serve as the active interface (active interface) of the quick response between computer based sensing or unit and the required machinery output.With regard to car applications, this type of material is regarded as the effective working medium in vibroshock and a lot of electronically controlled power/moment of torsion transmission (clutch coupling) device in vibroshock, controlled suspension, controlled power train and the engine mount.MR liquid provides and is superior to other controlled fluid; Remarkable advantage like ER fluid (especially for car applications); Because MR liquid is less sensitive to the common pollutent that exists in these environment usually, and they show bigger rheological property difference in the presence of the impressed field of appropriateness.Critical flow bulk properties in the device of the rheological property of carrier fluid and the size of suspended magnetic particles and density decision use MR liquid is like subsidence rate.Particles settling in the MR liquid promptly significantly reduces this fluidic performance when applying magnetic field in the magnetization attitude.
MR liquid normally is dispersed in base carrier liquid; Like (common 1 to 100 micron diameter) in small, broken bits low-coercivity, the magnetisable solid in MO, synthetic hydrocarbon, water, silicone oil, esterified fatty acid or other the suitable organic liquid, like the non-soliquid of iron, nickel, cobalt and their magneticalloy.MR liquid has acceptable LV under the situation that does not have magnetic field, but when standing the suitable magnetic field of for example about 1 tesla, shows the big raising of their dynamic yield stress.Because MR liquid contains common close 7 to the 8 times non-colloidal solid particles of liquid phase than their usefulness that suspends, and must prepare the suitable dispersion-s of particle in this liquid phase so that particle is leaving standstill the remarkable sedimentation of Shi Buhui, their formation aggregates that also can reversiblely condense.
Through the dispersion thixotropic agent, as system of forging or precipitated silica, make magnetizable particles keep suspending, promptly prevent sedimentation.Silicon-dioxide forms network through the hydrogen bonding between silica dioxide granule and stablizes MR liquid.This network decomposes under shearing and after shearing stops, forming under shearing, to show the low viscous magnetizable particles that makes simultaneously again and keeps suspending.Precipitated silica is usually owing to its formation method has volume particle size and low surface area, and pyrogenic silica has than small grain size and large surface area usually.Pyrogenic silica is surface-treated normally in use.But, precipitated silica and the pyrogenic silica of handling all be everlasting in the operational process in MR liquid performance go on business network form with so hang down yielding stress.
MR liquid can contain tensio-active agent in addition to prevent condensing and sedimentation of magnetizable particles.For example, this magnetizable particles can be coated with by tensio-active agent.Tensio-active agent uses with the amount less than 10 weight % of silica weight usually.This is equivalent to the concentration less than 0.1 weight % of full formula MR liquid usually.Along with surfactant concentrations improves, yielding stress reduces.The intensity of yielding stress indication network of silica.Although more a large amount of tensio-active agents is desirable, because it disturbs the function of thixotropic agent, the amount of available tensio-active agent is limited at present.
Although the use of thixotropic agent and tensio-active agent effectively reduces the particles settling in the MR liquid, always they are not to be enough to realize required particles settling characteristic.In addition, the use of these materials also influences this fluidic magnetic response characteristic, like the magneticsaturation through the reduction magnetizable particles.
Therefore, be desirable to provide the MR liquid that when also keeping the required magnetic response characteristic of magnetizable particles, has suitable rheology and improved settling character.
Summary of the invention
In an exemplary of the present invention, the MR that comprises the many magnetizable particles with certain granules density is provided liquid.This fluid also comprises the carrier fluid with certain fluid density, and said many magnetizable particles are dispersed in the carrier fluid.The said many magnetizable particles of a part have and the essentially identical pellet density of said fluid density.
In another exemplary of the present invention, MR liquid comprises many magnetizable particles with magnetisable material shell and hollow core.This fluid also comprises carrier fluid, and said many magnetizable particles are dispersed in the carrier fluid.
In an exemplary more of the present invention, MR liquid comprises many magnetizable particles with magnetisable material shell and kernel, and said kernel comprises pottery or polymkeric substance or its combination.This MR liquid also comprises carrier fluid, and said many magnetizable particles are dispersed in the carrier fluid.
When understanding, connection with figures finds out above-mentioned feature and advantage and other features and advantages of the present invention easily the as detailed below of preferred forms of the present invention.
The accompanying drawing summary
Only as an example, in following embodiment details, find out other purpose, characteristic, advantage and details, this details with reference to accompanying drawing, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the schematic sectional view like an exemplary of magnetizable particles disclosed herein and MR liquid;
Fig. 2 is the schematic sectional view like second exemplary of magnetizable particles disclosed herein and MR liquid;
Fig. 3 is the schematic sectional view like the 3rd exemplary of magnetizable particles disclosed herein and MR liquid;
Fig. 4 is the schematic sectional view like the 4th exemplary of magnetizable particles disclosed herein and MR liquid; With
Fig. 5 is the schematic sectional view like the 5th exemplary of magnetizable particles disclosed herein and MR liquid.
Embodiment is described
According to exemplary of the present invention, disclose in MR liquid, to use to have and maybe possibly eliminate the particles settling in the MR liquid with remarkable reduction with the magnetizable particles of the essentially identical pellet density of carrier fluid density.Hollow particle through forming magnetisable material or through forming the magnetisable material shell and change pellet density not having the close material nuclear (comprising various hollow core and solid core) of magnetisable material thereby go up through changing grain pattern.Suitable endorsing being magnetisable material or magnetisable material not be not as long as this nuclear disturbs or the remarkable magnetic of the magnetisable shell of reduction otherwise.In another exemplary, magnetizable particles can be included in the magnetisable shell on the hollow core, comprises the spheroidal particle with hollow core, further comprises those with spherical hollow core.In another exemplary, this magnetizable particles can comprise the solid kernel with glass, polymkeric substance or stupalith or its combination, like the magnetisable shell of glass, polymkeric substance or ceramic microsphere nuclear.
With reference to Fig. 1, according to exemplary, MR liquid 1 is disclosed.MR liquid 1 comprises carrier fluid 2 and many magnetizable particles 10.Carrier fluid 2 has the distinctive fluid density of this carrier fluid hereinafter described.Said many magnetizable particles 10 are dispersed in the carrier fluid 2, can use any suitable dispersion-s, comprise the homogeneous dispersion of particle in this fluid.Magnetizable particles 10 has and the essentially identical pellet density of the density of carrier fluid 2.Carrier fluid 2 are fluids with the embodiment of the mixture of other material (comprising various rheology modified particulates) in, the density of carrier fluid 2 is to comprise all carrier components, i.e. the carrier fluid composite denseness of all the components except that magnetizable particles.Magnetizable particles 10 has and the essentially identical density of the density of carrier fluid 2, so that they can be dispersed in this fluid and have significantly reduced sedimentation trend.Under the equal situation of the density of pellet density and carrier fluid 2, when in this fluid, disperseing, the trend that particle does not settle from carrier fluid 2 basically, promptly their form stable or uniform suspension-s.But, do not require that the remarkable sedimentation that the density of confirming magnetizable particles 10 and carrier fluid 2 fully obtains to compare with existing MR liquid (wherein between magnetizable particles density and carrier fluid density, having significant difference usually) improves.Therefore; Phrase " with ... basic identical " in this article use can comprise the combination of magnetizable particles 10 and carrier fluid 2; Wherein the density of these materials exists nearly 0 to about 20% Light Difference, about more especially 0 to about 10% difference, about more especially 0 to about 5% difference.And between the fluid density of magnetizable particles density and carrier fluid, have the obvious more conventional MR liquid phase ratio of big-difference, said each disparity range can provide the remarkable improvement of sedimentation behavior.
Refer again to Fig. 1, each magnetizable particles 10 comprises the nuclear 20 of the substrate of serving as the magnetisable material 30 that is attached on it.Nuclear 20 comprises hollow core 22.Hollow core 22 can have any suitable hollow size and dimension as described herein, comprises hollow microsphere as described herein.Hollow core 22 can comprise any suitable nuclear matter, comprises hollow glass microballoon 26, polymkeric substance (not shown) or ceramic (not shown) material or its combination.Magnetisable material 30 can comprise any suitable magnetisable material, comprises various paramagnetics, ultra paramagnetic, ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic material or its combination.Magnetisable shell 30 can comprise any suitable magnetisable material as described herein, comprises various magnetisable pure metal and metal alloy and various Ferrite Material.Suitable magnetisable ferrite comprises Co, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni or Zn ferrite or its combination.Magnetizable particles 10 can be chosen wantonly and also comprise outer supercoat 40.Outer supercoat 40 can comprise that pure metal, metal alloy, pottery, polymkeric substance or glass or its are combined to form by any suitable material.
With reference to Fig. 2, according to second exemplary, MR liquid 1 is disclosed.MR liquid 1 comprises that also aforesaid carrier fluid 2 is with many magnetizable particles 10 and have identical density and dispersing character.Magnetizable particles 10 also has and the essentially identical density of the density of carrier fluid 2 as stated, so that they as described hereinly are dispersed in this fluid and have significantly reduced sedimentation trend.
Refer again to Fig. 2, each magnetizable particles 10 is nuclear not, but comprise cavity 21, and it is at least partly sealed by magnetisable material 30, can be sealed by magnetisable material 30 fully more especially.Cavity 21 can have any suitable hollow size and dimension as described herein.Can be for example comprise through use that the nuclear 20 of polymkeric substance forms the particle and the pyrolysis of the type shown in Fig. 1 or 4 or otherwise removes the nuclear polymer material and form cavity 21 to stay magnetisable material shell 30.Magnetisable material 30 can comprise any suitable magnetisable material, comprises various paramagnetics, ultra paramagnetic, ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic material or its combination.Magnetisable shell 30 can be that carrier fluid 22 can not pass through, and maybe can be porous, also enough porous so that carrier fluid 2 can be partially filled or fill up cavity 21.Embodiment as with regard to Fig. 1 is said, and magnetisable shell 30 can comprise any suitable magnetisable material as described herein, comprises various magnetisable pure metal and metal alloy and various Ferrite Material.Suitable magnetisable ferrite comprises Co, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni or Zn ferrite or its combination.Magnetizable particles 10 can be chosen wantonly and also comprise outer supercoat 40.Outer supercoat 40 can comprise that pure metal, metal alloy, pottery, polymkeric substance or glass or its are combined to form by any suitable material.
With reference to Fig. 3, according to the 3rd exemplary, MR liquid 1 is disclosed.MR liquid 1 comprises that also aforesaid carrier fluid 2 is with many magnetizable particles 10 and have identical density and dispersing character.Magnetizable particles 10 also has and the essentially identical density of the density of carrier fluid 2 as stated, so that they as described hereinly are dispersed in this fluid and have significantly reduced sedimentation trend.
Refer again to Fig. 3, each magnetizable particles 10 comprises the nuclear 20 of the substrate of serving as the magnetisable material 30 that is attached on it.Nuclear 20 comprises solid core 24.Solid core 24 can have any suitable size and shape as described herein, comprises solid microsphere as described herein.Solid core 24 can comprise any suitable nuclear matter, comprises solid glass microballoon 28, polymkeric substance (not shown) or stupalith (not shown) or its combination.Magnetisable material 30 can comprise any suitable magnetisable material, comprises various paramagnetics, ultra paramagnetic, ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic material or its combination.Magnetisable shell 30 can comprise any suitable magnetisable material as described herein, comprises various magnetisable pure metal and metal alloy and various Ferrite Material.Suitable magnetisable ferrite comprises Co, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni or Zn ferrite or its combination.Magnetizable particles 10 can be chosen wantonly and also comprise outer supercoat 40.Outer supercoat 40 can comprise that pure metal, metal alloy, pottery, polymkeric substance or glass or its are combined to form by any suitable material.
With reference to Fig. 4, according to the 4th exemplary, MR liquid 1 is disclosed.MR liquid 1 comprises that also aforesaid carrier fluid 2 is with many magnetizable particles 10 and have identical density and dispersing character.Magnetizable particles 10 also has and the essentially identical density of the density of carrier fluid 2 as stated, so that they as described hereinly are dispersed in this fluid and have significantly reduced sedimentation trend.
Refer again to Fig. 4, each magnetizable particles 10 comprises the nuclear 20 of the substrate of serving as the magnetisable material 30 that is attached on it.Nuclear 20 comprises solid core 24.Solid core 24 can have any suitable size and shape as described herein, comprises solid microsphere as described herein.Solid core 24 can comprise any suitable nuclear matter, comprises solid glass microballoon 28 (see figure 3)s, solid polymer microballoon 29 or stupalith (not shown) or its combination.Magnetisable material 30 can comprise any suitable magnetisable material, comprises various paramagnetics, ultra paramagnetic, ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic material or its combination.Magnetisable shell 30 can comprise any suitable magnetisable material as described herein, comprises various magnetisable pure metal and metal alloy and various Ferrite Material.Suitable magnetisable ferrite comprises Co, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni or Zn ferrite or its combination.Magnetizable particles 10 can be chosen wantonly and also comprise outer supercoat 40.Outer supercoat 40 can comprise that pure metal, metal alloy, pottery, polymkeric substance or glass or its are combined to form by any suitable material.
With reference to Fig. 5, according to the 5th exemplary, MR liquid 1 is disclosed.MR liquid 1 comprises that also aforesaid carrier fluid 2 is with many magnetizable particles 10 and have identical density and dispersing character.Magnetizable particles 10 also has and the essentially identical density of the density of carrier fluid 2 as stated, so that they as described hereinly are dispersed in this fluid and have significantly reduced sedimentation trend.
Refer again to Fig. 5, each magnetizable particles 10 comprises nuclear 20, and this nuclear serves as the matrix of the magnetisable material 30 of embedding subparticle 32 forms within it.Nuclear 20 can be solid core (roughly referring to Fig. 3 and 4) or many hollow (multi-hollow) or porous nuclear 23.Many hollows or porous nuclear 23 can have any suitable size and shape as described herein, comprise microballoon as described herein.Many hollows or porous nuclear 23 can comprise any suitable nuclear matter, comprise many hollows or porous polymer 23, glass (not shown) or ceramic (not shown) material or its combination.Magnetisable material 30 can comprise any suitable magnetisable material, comprises various paramagnetics, ultra paramagnetic, ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic material or its combination.Magnetisable material 30 can comprise any suitable magnetisable material as described herein with subparticle 32, comprises various magnetisable pure metal and metal alloy and various Ferrite Material.Subparticle 32 can comprise the nano-scale magnetizable particles.Suitable magnetisable ferrite comprises Co, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni or Zn ferrite or its combination.Magnetizable particles 10 can be chosen wantonly and also comprise outer supercoat 40.Outer supercoat 40 can comprise that pure metal, metal alloy, pottery, polymkeric substance or glass or its are combined to form by any suitable material.The instance of this type of magnetizable particles comprises the ultra paramagnetic magnetite of many hollows/pipe/polyhenylethylene nano complex microsphere, and wherein many hollow core comprise PS and subparticle comprises magnetite (Fe
3O
4).Another instance comprises having embedding CoFe on its outer surface
2O
4Subparticle or the hollow glass microballoon of nano particle.
The composition of this MR liquid 1 is variable within the specific limits.In an exemplary; The solid content of soft magnetic granules is about 5 to about 80 volume % (for example as far as Fe about 29 to about 97 weight %) in the MR liquid, more preferably about 20 to about 60 volume % (as far as Fe for example about 66 to about 92 weight %).Such as those skilled in the art understanding, as far as different magneticsubstances, this weight percent is different.% representes with weight, to the magnetisable material of many types, comprises the soft magnetism compsn, and the solid content of soft magnetic granules is preferably about 20 to about 98 weight % in the MR liquid, and more preferably about 50 to about 95 weight %.In an exemplary, the solid content of nano-structured additive granules is about 0.1 to about 20 weight % in the liquid carrier phase (liquid carrier phase), and about more especially 1 to about 12 weight %.Preferred polymer content is about 0.1 to about 10 weight % in the MR liquid, and more preferably about 0.1 to about 1 weight %.If use, added solvent preferably accounts for about 20 weight % of being less than of MR liquid.
Paramagnetic, ultra paramagnetic, ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic material are as used magnetizable particles in the magnetic flow liquid.According to an exemplary, magnetisable material used in the magnetizable particles 30 can comprise magnetisable pure metal, metal alloy and metallic compound, comprises ferritic soft magnetic granules.These can comprise iron; Nickel; Cobalt; Red stone (iron oxide); The γ red stone; Ferrocobalt, iron-nickel alloy, iron silicon alloy, various ferrite comprise the ferrite of Co, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni or Zn, or its combination, more special Mn-Zn ferrite and zinc-nickel ferrite; Chromic oxide, nitrided iron; Vanadium alloy, tungstenalloy, copper alloy, manganese alloy and any other suitable soft magnetic granules.In one embodiment, this soft magnetic granules has about 1 to about 100 microns usually, and about more especially 1 to about 20 microns mean particle size.
As said, magnetizable particles can comprise any suitable magnetisable material on meaning of the present invention, comprises paramagnetic, ultra paramagnetic, ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic material.Quote as an example following: iron, nitrided iron, iron carbide, carbon content are lower than 1% steel, nickel and cobalt.These mixtures of material are also suitable, like the alloy of iron and aluminium, silicon, cobalt, nickel, vanadium, molybdenum, chromium, tungsten and manganese.Can quote from iron nickel alloy and iron-cobalt-base alloy as the alloy that is fit to very much this purposes.Magnetic chromium and ferriferous oxide are also suitable, like chromium dioxide, γ-Fe
2O
3And Fe
3O
4In this respect, iron and/or iron alloy are preferred magnetizable particles.Magnetizable particles can be selected from mechanically soft and compress easily and show the metallic particles to the low friction and wear of parts surface.In this respect, comprise that the pellet shapes iron particulate iron carbonyl that the thermolysis through pentacarbonyl iron (0) obtains is suitable especially.The magnetizable particles that is produced by reducing carbonyl iron is to have the nominal particle size of about 6-9 micron and the metallic particles of the mechanically soft and easy compression of the hardness (hardness that is equivalent to brass usually) of about B50 on the Rockwell scale.The soft reducing carbonyl iron of the typical grade that can buy is CL, CM, CS, CN, SP, SQ, SL, SD, SB and SM grade and the ISP Technologies that BASF makes, R-2430, R-2410, R-1510, R-1470, R-1430, R-1521 and R-2521 grade that Inc. makes.These iron particles are soft magnetisms, and promptly they magnetize under magnetic field, but when cutting off magnetic field, lose their magnetic.This soft magnetism allows chain formation and fracture, and reversible closed state (off-state) and ON state (on-state) character are provided thus.
Have been found that magnetorheological microparticle material, as be processed into the iron carbonyl that comprises integration nitrogen (integrated nitrogen), show the oxidation-resistance of raising.Be not limited by any theory, it is believed that even the existence of the integration nitrogen of little per-cent can be used for postponing and MR liquid uses relevant oxidising process, thereby the particulate oxidation-resistance of raising and more firm magnetic property are provided.Rich nitrogen particle can constitute all or part of particulate constituent of MR liquid.MR particulate amount used processing or rich nitrogen is to make the magnetorheological responsiveness of relevant MR liquid remain on the amount in the desired parameters.
MR particulate Particle Distribution can be unimodal or bimodal.The size or the diameter of the solid particle group that term " bimodal " is used for representing that this fluid is used have two different peaks.Bimodal particle can be spherical or spheric roughly.In bimodal composition, estimate that particle is divided into the colony-small-diameter sized and the major diameter size of two different sizes.The groups of grains of major diameter size has about 2/3 the big average diameter size that standard deviation is not more than the overall average diameter dimension.Likewise, less groups of grains has about 2/3 the little average diameter size that standard deviation is not more than the overall average diameter value.
In one embodiment, short grained diameter at least 1 micron so that their suspend and serve as magnetorheological particle.The practical upper limit of granularity is about 100 microns because more the particle of volume particle size usually textural be not spheric, but to tend to be the agglomerate of other shape.But as far as the practice of embodiment disclosed herein, the mean diameter of macrobead group or the most common granularity are preferably mean diameter or 5 to 10 times of median particle in the small-particle group.This weight ratio of two groups can be 0.1 in 0.9.Composition big and the small-particle group can be identical or different.Carbonyl iron particles is preferred.This type of material has bulbous configuration usually and is fit to very much little and macrobead group.
Be used for the MR liquid of high-temperature use, at least a portion particle of estimating to handle oxidation more easily is to provide the nitrogen spreading area.In bimodal MR fluid composition, estimate to handle one type of particulate at least a portion with nitrogen.In bimodal MR liquid, preferably in incorporating the MR carrier fluid into, handle at least a portion particle before with little average particle size distribution.
The shape of magnetizable particles can be irregular, shaft-like or acicular.If purpose is to realize high compactedness, sphere or type spheroidal shape are preferred especially.
The known magnetorheological active any solid that shows be can use, paramagnetic, ultra paramagnetic and ferromagnetic elements and compound especially comprised.Suitable magnetic responsiveness particulate instance comprises that iron, iron alloy (as comprise aluminium, silicon, cobalt, nickel, vanadium, molybdenum, chromium, tungsten, manganese and/or copper those), red stone (comprise Fe
2O
3And Fe
3O
4), nitrided iron, iron carbide, iron carbonyl, nickel, cobalt, chromium dioxide, stainless steel and silicon steel.Suitable particulate instance comprises straight iron powder (straight iron powder), reduced iron powder, brown iron oxide/straight iron powder mixture and brown iron oxide/reduced iron powder mixture.Preferred magnetic responsiveness particulate is an iron carbonyl, preferred reducing carbonyl iron.
Granularity should be selected so that it shows the multidomain characteristic when standing magnetic field.In an exemplary; The median size of magnetizable particles 10 is typically about 0.1 to about 1000 microns; About more especially 0.1 to about 500 microns, about more especially 1.0 to about 10 microns, and preferably exist with the amount of about 50 to 90 weight % of total compsn.
It is believed that magnetisable material as herein described, can be deposited on like iron carbonyl on the particulate nuclear 20 of type described herein.Can use any suitable deposition method, comprise that various forms of plating, CVD, PVD etc. carry out the deposition of magnetisable material 30.
MR liquid 1 comprises as described herein the having cavity 21 or examine 20 particle of at least a portion.MR liquid 1 can comprise that also a part does not contain the traditional solid magnetizable particles of cavity or nuclear.In this type of mixture, this part conventional particles is as described herein to have sedimentation trend; But, as described herein have cavity 21 or examine 20 that part of particle with the traditional MR liquid phase ratio that constitutes by the solid magnetizable particles of tradition fully improved resistance to settling is provided.
Can quote following as suitable synthetic polymer: polyester, urethane is PAUR (polyester urethanes) and polyether(poly)urethane (polyether urethanes), polycarbonate, polyester-polycarbonate multipolymer, polyureas, melamine resin, ZGK 5, fluoropolymer and vinyl polymer particularly.Can quote following instance: SE, polyvinyl ester as suitable vinyl polymer; Yodo Sol VC 400 for example; PS, polyacrylic ester, polymethylmethacrylate for example, EHA polyethylhexylacrylate, polymethyl acrylic acid dodecyl ester, polymethyl acrylic acid stearyl or polyethyl acrylate; And polyvinyl acetal, like the Z 150PH butyral.Other suitable synthetic polymer comprises the multipolymer or the terpolymer of different vinyl and vinylidene monomer, the multipolymer of for example PS-copolymerization-vinyl cyanide and (methyl) vinylformic acid and (methyl) propenoate.Vinyl polymer, polyureas and/or urethane are preferred especially in this respect organic polymers.
MR liquid 1 can comprise any suitable solvent, comprises various organic liquids.Polar organic liquid is one type of organic liquid of available.In one embodiment, this solvent has relative higher boiling point so that this solvent and does not evaporate in use.Suitable solvent comprises MR carrier fluid as known in the art, like terepthaloyl moietie, glycol ether, MO, machine oil, silicone oil etc.In an exemplary, this solvent can comprise the about 1 MR liquid to about 50 weight %, and about more especially 4 to about 15 weight %.In another exemplary, this solvent is not moisture basically.
MR liquid can contain MO, Yellow Protopet 2A, hydraulicefficiency oil (so-called transformer oil, it contains chlorinating aromatic compounds and is characteristic with their high-insulativity matter and high thermal resistance) and various chlorination and fluorinated oil as carrier fluid according to another exemplary.Also can use silicone oil, fluorinated silicone oil, polyethers, fluorinated polyether and polyether-polysiloxane copolymers.In an exemplary, the viscosity of the carrier fluid that under 25 ℃, records is about 1 to 1000 mPa, about more especially 3 to 800 mPa.
This carrier fluid can be any organic fluid, is more especially nonpolar organic fluid, and wherein carrier fluid constitutes the external phase of MR liquid.Suitable fluidic instance comprises that silicone oil, MO, Viscotrol C comprise commercially available LV Viscotrol C, Yellow Protopet 2A, Organosiliconcopolymere, white oil, hydraulicefficiency oil, transformer oil, halogenation organic liquid (like chlorinated hydrocarbon, halogenated paraffin, perfluorinated polyether and fluorinated hydrocarbons), diester, polyoxyalkylene, fluoridize organosilicon, cyanic acid alkylsiloxane, two pure and mild synthetic hydrocarbon oils (comprising unsaturated and saturated).Also can use the carrier component of these fluidic mixtures as magnetic flow liquid.Preferred carrier fluid is non-volatile, nonpolar and does not comprise the water of any significant quantity.Preferred carrier fluid is a synthetic hydrocarbon oil, particularly by the HMW alhpa olefin of 8 to 20 carbon atoms through acid catalyzed dimerization with through use alkylation three aluminium those oil as the oligomeric generation of catalyzer.Poly-alpha-olefin is preferred especially carrier fluid.
In an exemplary, the viscosity of carrier component is preferably at room temperature about 1 to about 100,000 centipoises, and about more especially 1 to about 10,000 centipoises, and about more especially 1 to about 1,000 centipoise.
In another exemplary, this carrier fluid can be water base or aqueous fluids.In one embodiment, can only make water.But; Can add a small amount of (about 5 weight % that are less than total preparation; About more especially 0.1 to about 5 volume %) polarity, water miscibility organic solvent, like methyl alcohol, ethanol, propyl alcohol, methyl-sulphoxide, N, ethylene carbonate, Texacar PC, acetone, THF, diethyl ether, terepthaloyl moietie, Ucar 35 etc.
Can use any suitable antisettling agent.Suitable antisettling agent comprises and does not reduce or reduce the performance of magnetizable particles 30 and the material compatible with carrier fluid.These comprise the various thixotropic agent that are dispersed in the solvent.Thixotropic agent comprises system of forging or precipitated silica.When using with suitable solvent, silicon-dioxide can form network through the hydrogen bonding between silica dioxide granule and stablize MR liquid.This network decomposes under shearing and after shearing stops, forming under shearing, to show the low viscous magnetizable particles that makes simultaneously again and keeps suspending.Precipitated silica is usually owing to its formation method has volume particle size and low surface area, and pyrogenic silica has than small grain size and large surface area usually.Pyrogenic silica is surface-treated normally in use.But, precipitated silica and the pyrogenic silica of handling all be everlasting in the operational process in MR liquid performance go on business network form with so hang down yielding stress.
MR liquid can contain tensio-active agent in addition to prevent condensing and sedimentation of magnetizable particles.For example, this magnetizable particles can be coated with by tensio-active agent.Tensio-active agent uses with the amount less than 10 weight % of silica weight usually.This is equivalent to the concentration less than 0.1 weight % of full formula MR liquid usually.Along with surfactant concentrations improves, yielding stress reduces.The intensity of yielding stress indication network of silica.Although more a large amount of tensio-active agents was desirable originally, because it disturbs the function of thixotropic agent, the amount of available tensio-active agent is limited at present.
Although the use of thixotropic agent and tensio-active agent effectively reduces the particles settling in the MR liquid, always they are not to be enough to realize required particles settling characteristic.In addition, the use of these materials also influences this fluidic magnetic response characteristic, like the magneticsaturation through the reduction magnetizable particles.
MR liquid 1 also can comprise thickening material in carrier fluid 2.In an exemplary, MR liquid of the present invention contains in addition at least aly to be provided thixotropic nature and improves the thickening material of sedimentation resistance stability of the suspension-s of magnetizable particles 30 for this magnetic flow liquid.The instance of thickening material comprises inorganic or organic fine particles in small, broken bits; Comprise gel, silicate such as wilkinite, MOX; Like titanium oxide, aluminum oxide or silicon-dioxide, and/or close silicon-dioxide through the differential aproll that flame hydrolysis obtains, they can be with trade(brand)name Aerosil.RTM. or HDK.RTM. respectively available from Degussa AG; Germany and available from Wacker GmbH, Germany.
MR liquid 1 can comprise in carrier fluid 2 that also various additive granules are as thixotropic agent.These can comprise the nanostructure formed material, like oxide compound, carbide, nitride and boride.The oxide addition particle is fit to many present MR liquid, comprises for example SiO
2, TiO
2, ZrO
2And Fe
3O
4This additive granules can connect through polymkeric substance, and has the mean particle size that is significantly less than the soft magnetic granules granularity usually.The mean particle size of this additive granules can be about 10
-5Granularity on a rough average to soft magnetic granules.The mean particle size of additive granules is typically about 1 to about 1,000 nanometer, and about more especially 1 to about 100 nanometers, and about 10 granularities to about 20 nanometers are fit to many purposes.The weight ratio of additive granules and soft magnetic granules is typically about 0.004 to about 0.4, about more especially 0.01 to about 0.05.
In fluid composition as herein described, also can use hydrophobic organic clay as antisettling agent, thickening material and rheology modifier.They improve the viscosity and the yielding stress of magnetic flow liquid compsn as herein described.In use, this organic clay usually with total composition weight about 0.1 to about 6.5 weight %, be more especially about 3 to about 6 weight % concentration and exist.
This hydrophobic organic clay provides soft sediment when any magnetizable particles sedimentation goes out.Soft sediment causes being easy to redispersion.Suitable slime fever, machinery and chemically stable also have the antisettling agent that uses than tradition, like silica or the low hardness of silicon-dioxide.Compsn of the present invention as herein described is preferably less than the shearing rate down cut desaturation of 100/sec and be less than the structure of recovering them in about 5 minutes behind the shear-thinning.
The organic clay that is applicable to MR fluid composition as herein described is usually derived from wilkinite.It is thixotropy and shear-thinning that wilkinite tends to, and promptly they form easily through applying shear fracture and removing the network that forms again when shearing.Used herein " derived from " be meant with organic materials and handle the wilkinite material to make organic clay.The interchangeable sometimes use of wilkinite, smectite and polynite.But " wilkinite " used herein is meant the one type of clay that comprises montmorillonitic clay, montmorillonite clay and hectorite clay.Polynite constitutes most of wilkinite usually.Polynite is a pure aluminium silicate.Hectorite is a Magnesium Silicate q-agent.
With organic materials with clay alteration the inorganic surfaces positively charged ion is replaced to organic surperficial positively charged ion via ordinary method (usually cation exchange reaction).The instance of suitable organic modifiers comprises amine, carboxylicesters 、 Phosphonium or sulfonium salt or benzyl or other organic group.Amine can be for example quaternary amine or arylamine.
It is believed that organic clay in organic solution through the machine-processed similar machine-processed auto-orientation related with the clay in the aqueous solution.But, have basic difference between the two.For example, oil can not be with electric charge and aqueous solution solvation.The gelating property of organic clay greatly depends on the avidity of organic moiety to base oil.Other critical nature is that degree of scatter and particle/particle interact.Through shearing intensity of force and time length, sometimes through using polar activator control degree of scatter.Main through the control of the organic moiety on surface of clay particle/particle interaction.
MR liquid 1 also can comprise suitable dispersion agent in carrier fluid 2.In another exemplary, MR liquid 1 of the present invention comprises dispersion agent.The instance of suitable dispersion agent comprises Yelkin TTS, oleic acid and oleate such as iron oleate, lipid acid, alkali soap, like lithium stearate, StNa or Aluminium Tristearate Micronized sterile, contains the sulphonate and the phosphonate of lipophilic group, and glyceryl ester, like glyceryl monostearate.In use, this dispersion agent can with magnetizable particles weight about 0.01 to about 2 weight %, about more especially 0.1 to about 0.5 weight % amount exists.
MR liquid 1 also can comprise suitable antiwear agents or low friction compound or its combination in carrier fluid 2.In another exemplary, MR liquid 1 of the present invention is included as this fluid the additive that resistance to wears with antifriction character is provided.Can use any suitable antiwear agents, comprise various colloidal state additives, like colloidal state tetrafluoroethylene, deflocculated graphite or colloidal state molybdenumdisulphide and their combination or mixture.Additional wear preventive additive for example comprises, engine lubricant, as comprise and those of sulfo-phosphorus (thiophosphorus) or thiocarbamate comprise zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP).
In another exemplary, MR liquid 1 of the present invention also can contain lubricant additive, comprises at least a in tetrafluoroethylene, graphite or the molybdenumdisulphide.In addition, this additive has the granularity that the is equal to or less than 10 microns ability with the lubricated magnetizable particles of optimizing this additive.
Although described the present invention with reference to exemplary, skilled person in the art will appreciate that under the situation that does not deviate from the scope of the invention, can make various changes and can change its key element into equivalent.In addition, can under the situation that does not deviate from its base region, make many modifications so that particular case or material adapt to instruction of the present invention.Therefore, the present invention is not intended to be limited to as the disclosed specific embodiments of best Implementation Modes of the present invention, but comprises all embodiments that drop in the application's scope.
Claims (20)
1. magnetic flow liquid, it comprises:
Many magnetizable particles with certain granules density; With
Carrier fluid with certain fluid density, said many magnetizable particles are dispersed in the said carrier fluid, and the said many magnetizable particles of a part have and the essentially identical pellet density of said fluid density.
2. the magnetic flow liquid of claim 1, wherein each said many magnetizable particles have inner chamber.
3. the magnetic flow liquid of claim 2, wherein each said magnetizable particles is a substantially spherical.
4. the magnetic flow liquid of claim 1, wherein each said magnetizable particles comprises magnetisable shell and kernel.
5. the magnetic flow liquid of claim 4, wherein said kernel comprises pottery, glass or polymkeric substance or its combination.
6. the magnetic flow liquid of claim 1, each of wherein said many magnetizable particles comprises matrix, and said matrix has the many magnetisable subparticle that is dispersed in wherein.
7. the magnetic flow liquid of claim 6, wherein said matrix comprises pottery, glass or polymkeric substance or its combination.
8. the magnetic flow liquid of claim 6, wherein said matrix is porous.
9. the magnetic flow liquid of claim 1, wherein said magnetizable particles comprises paramagnetic, ultra paramagnetic, ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic material or its combination.
10. the magnetic flow liquid of claim 1, wherein said magnetizable particles comprises ferrite.
11. the magnetic flow liquid of claim 7, wherein said ferrite comprise Co, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni or Zn or its combination.
12. the magnetic flow liquid of claim 2 is wherein constructed the shell of said magnetisable material so that said carrier can infiltrate this inner chamber.
13. magnetic flow liquid, it comprises:
Many magnetizable particles with magnetisable material shell and kernel, said kernel comprise pottery, glass or polymkeric substance or its combination; With
Carrier fluid, said many magnetizable particles are dispersed in this carrier fluid.
14. the magnetic flow liquid of claim 13, wherein said kernel comprises one of solid core or hollow core.
15. the magnetic flow liquid of claim 13, wherein said magnetizable particles comprises ferrite.
16. the magnetic flow liquid of claim 15, wherein said ferrite comprise Co, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni or Zn or its combination.
17. make the method for MR liquid, comprising:
Formation is configured to receive the carrier fluid of many magnetizable particles, and said carrier fluid has certain fluid density;
Formation has said many magnetizable particles of certain granules density; Said magnetizable particles has and the essentially identical pellet density of said fluid density; With
Said magnetizable particles is dispersed in this carrier fluid.
18. the method for claim 17, wherein form said many magnetizable particles comprise as far as each said many particulate each, deposition magnetisable material layer is as shell on hollow that comprises glass, polymkeric substance or pottery or its combination or solid kernel.
19. the method for claim 18 comprises further and removes said kernel to produce many magnetizable particles that wherein each said magnetizable particles comprises shell and inner chamber.
20. the method for claim 17; Wherein form said many magnetizable particles comprise as far as said each said many particulate each; Form many magnetisable material subparticles and the matrix that comprises glass, polymkeric substance or pottery or its combination, wherein said subparticle is embedded in the said matrix.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US12/560472 | 2009-09-16 | ||
| US12/560,472 | 2009-09-16 | ||
| US12/560,472 US8282852B2 (en) | 2009-09-16 | 2009-09-16 | Magnetorheological fluid and method of making the same |
| PCT/US2010/049122 WO2011035025A2 (en) | 2009-09-16 | 2010-09-16 | Magnetorheological fluid and method of making the same |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102753659A true CN102753659A (en) | 2012-10-24 |
| CN102753659B CN102753659B (en) | 2015-02-25 |
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ID=43729579
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201080051856.1A Expired - Fee Related CN102753659B (en) | 2009-09-16 | 2010-09-16 | Magnetorheological fluid and method of making the same |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8282852B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN102753659B (en) |
| DE (1) | DE112010003467B4 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2011035025A2 (en) |
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| CN106710775A (en) * | 2016-12-31 | 2017-05-24 | 武汉理工大学 | Magnetic microsphere for aqueous magnetorheological fluid and preparation method of such magnetic microsphere |
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| CN112831363A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-25 | 浙江正信石油科技有限公司 | Environment-friendly shock absorber oil special for high-speed train |
| CN112917374A (en) * | 2021-03-19 | 2021-06-08 | 湖南大学 | Online flexible trimming device of spherical micro grinding tool based on electromagnetic rheological effect |
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| US8828262B2 (en) * | 2010-05-06 | 2014-09-09 | Lawrence Livemore National Security, Llc | Method and system for polishing materials using a nonaqueous magnetorheological fluid |
| US20130119297A1 (en) * | 2011-11-11 | 2013-05-16 | Russell Byron Auger | Magnetically susceptible conductive slurry |
| CN102732359B (en) * | 2012-06-26 | 2013-10-23 | 清华大学 | Preparation method for ferroferric oxide nanoparticle modified transformer oil |
| KR101491328B1 (en) * | 2013-10-14 | 2015-02-06 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Structure for power electronic parts housing of vehicle |
| CN103756761B (en) * | 2013-12-21 | 2015-10-21 | 乌鲁木齐市隆成实业有限公司 | High-grade synthetic diesel engine oil and preparation method thereof |
| WO2015172846A1 (en) * | 2014-05-16 | 2015-11-19 | Ab Nanol Technologies Oy | Additive composition for lubricants |
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| JP6499766B2 (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2019-04-10 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Magnetorheological fluid composition and vibration damping device using the same |
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| CN108492955B (en) * | 2018-04-23 | 2020-07-28 | 圣航粉末冶金河北有限公司 | Preparation method of colloid-modified carbonyl iron powder composite magnetorheological fluid |
| US10994606B2 (en) | 2018-07-20 | 2021-05-04 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Mount assembly with switchable displacement elements |
| JP7353053B2 (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2023-09-29 | ソマール株式会社 | magnetorheological fluid composition |
| CN113864383B (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2023-01-10 | 湖南科技大学 | Anti-deposition magnetorheological fluid of magnetorheological damper and anti-deposition method thereof |
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| CN108662586A (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2018-10-16 | 光大环保技术研究院（南京）有限公司 | A kind of danger wastes reuse means and method |
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| CN112917374A (en) * | 2021-03-19 | 2021-06-08 | 湖南大学 | Online flexible trimming device of spherical micro grinding tool based on electromagnetic rheological effect |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2011035025A3 (en) | 2011-07-21 |
| DE112010003467T5 (en) | 2012-06-06 |
| US20110062371A1 (en) | 2011-03-17 |
| US8282852B2 (en) | 2012-10-09 |
| CN102753659B (en) | 2015-02-25 |
| DE112010003467B4 (en) | 2019-09-05 |
| WO2011035025A2 (en) | 2011-03-24 |
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