CN102751910A - Up-conversion vibration energy collecting device suitable for collecting low-frequency vibration energy - Google Patents
Up-conversion vibration energy collecting device suitable for collecting low-frequency vibration energy Download PDFInfo
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- CN102751910A CN102751910A CN2012102103588A CN201210210358A CN102751910A CN 102751910 A CN102751910 A CN 102751910A CN 2012102103588 A CN2012102103588 A CN 2012102103588A CN 201210210358 A CN201210210358 A CN 201210210358A CN 102751910 A CN102751910 A CN 102751910A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an up-conversion vibration energy collecting device suitable for collecting low-frequency vibration energy, and belongs to the technical field of vibration energy collection. A hinging arm and a torsion spring used as rigid bodies are assembled to a spring-quality two-order system which can convert the low-frequency vibration energy outside the system into low resonance frequency of mechanical energy contained among the interior mechanisms of the system in the motion and collision processes; the collision of the hinging arm and an elastic structure is utilized, the low-frequency vibration energy is converted into high-frequency vibration energy to realize up-conversion; and the high-frequency vibration energy is converted into electric energy by a piezoelectric sheet. The device is simple in structure, low in manufacturing cost and the efficiency of converting the mechanical energy into the electric energy is high; and moreover, the device can supply energy to low-power consumption systems, such as sensors which operate in the low-frequency vibration environment, and is particularly suitable for sensor nodes which operate for a long time in the environment that components are manually difficult to maintain or replace and the low-frequency vibration exists.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the vibrational energy assembling sphere, be specifically related to a kind of up-conversion energy gathering apparatus that is suitable for harvest energy from low-frequency vibration.
Background technology
When setting up sensor network, always hope that the sensor node life-cycle in the network does not need makeup energy.The vibrational energy gathering system is harvest energy from ambient vibration constantly, for sensor node provides the energy for a long time.
At present, the vibrational energy gathering system adopts the spring-quality structure based on resonance mostly.Make the resonance frequency of this structure identical, impel oscillator and frame to produce maximum relative motion, and then adopt various dynamo-electric conversion methods (as: piezoelectric type, electrostatic or electromagnetic type) that this kinetic energy is changed into electric energy with extraneous vibration.The problem that this solution faces all the time is the frequency match problem of extraneous vibration and spring-quality system; Be spring-quality system (be piezoelectric type piezoelectric cantilever, or the spring-quality structure of electrostatic and electromagnetic type) resonance frequency generally all than higher; The frequency in extraneous vibration source (the for example motion of wave, wheel or the motion of human body) is then generally lower, and vibration frequency changes in time.
Deepen continuously along with what explore, domestic and international research personnel have proposed various solutions to the matching problem of vibrational energy gathering system resonance frequency and extraneous vibration.Lei Gu and Carol Livermore (Passive self-tuning energy harvester for extracting energy from rotational motion, Applied Physics Letters. Aug. 2010. 97 (8) .081904-081904-3) attempt adopting the mode of impacting driving to order about piezoelectric patches and produce the damping free harmonic vibration; (Integrated Multilayer Nanogenerator Fabricated Using Paired Nanotip-to-Nanowire Brushes such as Sheng Xu; Nano Letters; 8 (11); 2008:4027-4032) then utilize nanometer pinpoint to force the method for nanometer piezoelectric spillikin distortion to produce electric energy, thereby avoid the use of spring-quality system that piezoelectric the constitutes extraneous vibration that directly is coupled, and reach the purpose of effective collection low-frequency vibration energy.Though the two has all adopted some technological means to avoid the formed spring-quality system of the piezoelectric external vibration that directly is coupled; Thereby make that energy collecting system that piezoelectric processes can deformation effectively under " low frequency " vibration lower than its resonance frequency; And then harvest energy, still, no matter be to adopt mass " bump " piezoelectric patches and make it to take place deformation; Still utilize the motion of nanometer pinpoint to force piezoelectric patches deformation; All be that external force directly acts on the most advanced and sophisticated of piezoelectric patches and makes it to take place deformation, and then the output energy, this mode is lower with the efficient that the mechanical energy of vibrating converts electric energy to; And the present invention has adopted a kind of new design, uses fixedly that the objective table of piezoelectric patches and the mode that flexible member collides impel piezoelectric patches generation deformation and harvest energy, can be more efficiently the power conversion of low-frequency vibration be become electric energy.
For the vibrational energy gathering system of major part towards low frequency design, its structure still is made up of cantilever beam or spring and mass.No matter be which kind of structure, the resonance frequency of spring-quality system all is difficult to effectively reduce.Its reason is that cantilever beam structure itself can not have very big deformation, so the rigidity of cantilever beam just can not be too small, and the quality of end mass piece can not be very big, otherwise fracture or plastic deformation might take place cantilever beam.And have low resonant frequency very, by the vibrational system that spring and mass constitute, then generally face the problem that system dimension is excessive, the mass stroke is long.Can find out,, therefore, need a kind of new vibrational energy gathering system that addresses the above problem in the practice towards the vibrational energy collector prematurity still of low-frequency vibration.
Summary of the invention
The present invention to the deficiency of existing energy gathering apparatus, has proposed a kind of up-conversion energy gathering apparatus that is suitable for harvest energy from low-frequency vibration just.
The up-conversion energy gathering apparatus that is suitable for harvest energy from low-frequency vibration that the present invention proposes comprises following structure:
Frame 1, torsion spring 2, hinge 3, articulated jib 4, piezoelectric patches stand 5, piezoelectric patches 6, mass 7 and elastic construction 8;
Wherein, an end of torsion spring 2 is fixed on the frame 1, and an other end is fixed on the articulated jib 4; Hinge 3 is hinged on articulated jib 4 on the frame 1; Piezoelectric patches stand 5 is fixed on the end that articulated jib 4 does not combine with torsion spring 2; Piezoelectric patches 6 is fixed on the piezoelectric patches stand 5, and the end away from piezoelectric patches stand 5 on piezoelectric patches 6 is fixed with mass 7; Elastic construction 8 can be installed on the frame 1 away from an end of torsion spring 2, and collision is occurred between articulated jib 4 and the elastic construction 8, also can be installed on the articulated jib 4 away from an end of torsion spring 2, and collision is occurred between elastic construction 8 and the frame 1.
Described low-frequency vibration refers to that vibration frequency is the vibration that is not more than 10Hz;
The up-conversion energy gathering apparatus that is suitable for harvest energy from low-frequency vibration of the present invention comprises a spring-quality second-order system that resonance frequency is very low, and described second-order system comprises articulated jib 4 and torsion spring 2; Described second-order system is operated under the mode of resonance, can be the mechanical energy that lies between the internal system mechanism with the Conversion of energy of system's external low frequency vibration.
When vibrating under the very low spring of the described resonance frequency-excitation of quality second-order system at extraneous vibration; Articulated jib 4 can only center on hinge 3 and carry out half of forced vibration; When articulated jib 4 was got back to the equilbrium position, articulated jib 4 had maximum movement velocity, bumped (if elastic construction 8 is installed on the articulated jib 4 with the elastic construction 8 that is fixed on the frame 1; Then when articulated jib 4 was got back to the equilbrium position, the flexible member 8 that is fixed on the articulated jib 4 bumped with frame 1); Collision is vibrated articulated jib 4, and conduct vibrations is to the piezoelectric patches 6 that is fixed on the piezoelectric patches stand 5, thereby it is excited by impact that piezoelectric patches 6 is received, and then makes piezoelectric patches 6 carry out damping free vibration with the higher natural frequency of vibration, and this has just realized up-conversion.
Carry out with the higher natural frequency of vibration in the process of damping free vibration at piezoelectric patches 6, because piezoelectric effect, thereby realize the conversion of the vibration kinetic energy of piezoelectric patches 6 to electric energy, then through rectification circuit with the electric energy output that produces.
The coefficient of elasticity of described articulated jib 4 is more than 10 times of rigidity the greater in torsion spring 2 and the elastic construction 8 at least, so articulated jib 4 can be considered rigid body in motion and collision process;
Described piezoelectric patches 6 is assembled into piezoelectric patches oscillator unit with the described piezoelectric patches 6 that is fixed in away from the mass 7 of an end of piezoelectric patches stand 5; For increasing the piezoelectric patches quantity that the piezoelectric patches stand can be placed in the unit volume, piezoelectric patches oscillator elementary layer stacked put composition piezoelectric patches layered transducer elements;
Described elastic construction 8 adopts metal springs or rubber spring to process, and the coefficient of elasticity of elastic construction 8 should satisfy after bumping, and the time that piezoelectric patches stand 5 is upspring is 0.5 ~ 1 times of piezoelectric patches oscillator unit natural vibration period; Select the suitable elastic construction 8 of coefficient of elasticity, with control with optimize the transient process of collision, comprise the displacement of loading arm 4 in time and the collision process of collision;
The described piezoelectric patches stand 5 preferred annulars that adopt are to reduce stress; Different angles can be arranged a plurality of piezoelectric patches oscillators unit around the piezoelectric patches stand 5 under the prerequisite that does not produce interference; But the piezoelectric patches 6 of dither can be a piezoelectric patches, the array that also can be made up of a plurality of piezoelectric patches; Each piezoelectric patches can increase and decrease mass away from an end of piezoelectric patches stand 5, thereby regulates the natural frequency of vibration of piezoelectric patches; For the piezoelectric patches array, a plurality of piezoelectric patches can a shared big mass, makes them have identical vibration phase; Piezoelectric patches 6 can adopt single layer of piezoelectric material, also can adopt the piezoelectric bimorph with double-deck piezoelectric; Piezoelectric can be that lead zirconate titanate (PZT), aluminium nitride or other have the inorganic and organic material of piezoelectric property; The shape of piezoelectric patches 6 can be the isosceles trapezoid that rectangle, iso-stress distribute; The electrode on piezoelectric patches 6 surfaces can all cover whole piezoelectric, also can cover the part patch area (for example 2/3 area) that begins from stiff end, perhaps all is positioned at the same surface of piezoelectric patches for comb structure makes positive and negative electrode.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
The up-conversion energy gathering apparatus that is suitable for harvest energy from low-frequency vibration provided by the invention can fully be collected extraneous low-frequency vibrational energy; And convert it into electric energy; Thereby for the low-power dissipation systems such as transducer that are operated in the low-frequency vibration environment provide energy, being particularly useful for those needs long-term works sensor node of (as: waterborne) in the environment that manual work is difficult to safeguard or change parts and have low-frequency vibration.
The present invention utilizes elasticity of torsion element-oscillator system, can produce the low frequency resonance mechanism of reduced size, adopts the mode of bump to realize up-conversion, has improved the efficient that mechanical energy transforms to electric energy; The size of the actual proof of engineering elasticity of torsion element and other each parts is convenient to machining, has low cost; Adopt ad hoc structure controlling organization collision process, make the piezoelectric patches structure obtain maximum amplitude, increased power output.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the general structure sketch map of the up-conversion energy gathering apparatus that is suitable for harvest energy from low-frequency vibration that proposes of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the arrangement sketch map of the individual layer piezoelectric patches oscillator unit of the up-conversion energy gathering apparatus that is suitable for harvest energy from low-frequency vibration that proposes of the present invention;
Fig. 3 be the up-conversion energy gathering apparatus that is suitable for harvest energy from low-frequency vibration that proposes of the present invention be formed by stacking the structural representation of piezoelectric patches layered transducer elements a plurality of individual layer piezoelectric patches oscillators unit.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and concrete embodiment the up-conversion energy gathering apparatus that is suitable for harvest energy from low-frequency vibration of the present invention is done detailed explanation:
As shown in Figure 1, an end of torsion spring 2 is fixed on the frame 1, an other end is fixed on the articulated jib 4; With hinge 3 articulated jib 4 is hinged on the frame 1; Piezoelectric patches stand 5 is fixed on the other end that articulated jib 4 does not combine with torsion spring 2; Mass 7 is fixed on the end of piezoelectric patches 6 away from piezoelectric patches stand 5, piezoelectric patches 6 is fixed on the piezoelectric patches stand 5; Elastic construction 8 is installed on the frame 1 away from an end of torsion spring 2, collision is occurred between articulated jib 4 and the elastic construction 8, or elastic construction 8 is installed on the articulated jib 4 away from an end of torsion spring 2, collision is occurred between elastic construction 8 and the frame 1.
When energy gathering apparatus of the present invention is in the environment of low-frequency vibration; Low-frequency vibration in the external environment condition causes that articulated jib 4 carries out half of forced vibration around hinge 3; When articulated jib 4 was got back to the equilbrium position, articulated jib 4 had maximum movement velocity, bumped (if elastic construction 8 is installed on the articulated jib 4 with the elastic construction 8 that is fixed on the frame 1; Then when articulated jib 4 was got back to the equilbrium position, the flexible member 8 that is fixed on the articulated jib 4 bumped with frame 1); Collision is vibrated articulated jib 4, and conduct vibrations is to the piezoelectric patches 6 that is fixed on the piezoelectric patches stand 5, thereby it is excited by impact that piezoelectric patches 6 is received, and then makes piezoelectric patches 6 carry out damping free vibration with the higher natural frequency of vibration, and this has just realized up-conversion.Carry out with the higher natural frequency of vibration in the process of damping free vibration at piezoelectric patches 6, because piezoelectric effect, thereby realize the conversion of the vibration kinetic energy of piezoelectric patches 6 to electric energy, then through rectification circuit with the electric energy output that produces.
Embodiment 1:
In the present embodiment, frame 1 is made up of an aluminium sheet and two bearing bracket stands; Bearing bracket stand is fastened on the aluminium sheet by bolt and nut; Articulated jib 4 is an aluminum, near the position of articulated jib 4 near torsion spring 2, is with holes so that fixing torsion spring 2; One end of torsion spring 2 inserts in the aperture on the bearing bracket stand that is fixed on frame 1, and an other end inserts in the aperture of articulated jib 4; Like this, other parts on torsion spring 2, articulated jib 4 and the articulated jib 4 have just formed the spring-quality second-order system with low resonant frequency.
Claims (10)
1. one kind is suitable for the up-conversion energy gathering apparatus that low-frequency vibration energy is collected, and it is characterized in that described apparatus structure is following:
One end of torsion spring (2) is fixed on the frame (1), and an other end of torsion spring (2) is fixed on the articulated jib (4); Hinge (3) is hinged on articulated jib (4) on the frame (1); Piezoelectric patches stand (5) is not fixed on articulated jib (4) not and the end that combines of torsion spring (2); Piezoelectric patches (6) is fixed on the piezoelectric patches stand (5), and an end of going up away from piezoelectric patches stand (5) at piezoelectric patches (6) is fixed with mass (7); Elastic construction (8) is installed in frame (1) and goes up the end away from torsion spring (2), and collision is occurred between articulated jib (4) and the elastic construction (8); Perhaps elastic construction (8) is installed in articulated jib (4) and goes up a end, collision is occurred between elastic construction (8) and the frame (1) away from torsion spring (2).
2. the up-conversion energy gathering apparatus that is suitable for the low-frequency vibration energy collection according to claim 1 is characterized in that described low-frequency vibration refers to that vibration frequency is the vibration that is not more than 10Hz.
3. the up-conversion energy gathering apparatus that is suitable for the low-frequency vibration energy collection according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Described articulated jib (4) coefficient of elasticity is more than 10 times of rigidity the greater in torsion spring (2) and the elastic construction (8) at least, makes articulated jib (4) in motion and collision process, be regarded as rigid body.
4. the up-conversion energy gathering apparatus that is suitable for the low-frequency vibration energy collection according to claim 1; It is characterized in that described piezoelectric patches (6) and described is fixed in the mass (7) that piezoelectric patches (6) goes up away from an end of piezoelectric patches stand (5) and is assembled into piezoelectric patches oscillator unit; For increasing the piezoelectric patches quantity that the piezoelectric patches stand can be placed in the unit volume, piezoelectric patches oscillator elementary layer stacked put composition piezoelectric patches layered transducer elements.
5. the up-conversion energy gathering apparatus that is suitable for the low-frequency vibration energy collection according to claim 1 is characterized in that described piezoelectric patches stand (5) adopts annular, to reduce stress; Piezoelectric patches stand (5) different angles is all around arranged a plurality of piezoelectric patches oscillators unit under the prerequisite that does not produce interference.
6. the up-conversion energy gathering apparatus that is suitable for the low-frequency vibration energy collection according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Described elastic construction (8) adopts metal spring or rubber spring; The coefficient of elasticity of elastic construction (8) should satisfy after collision takes place, and the time that piezoelectric patches stand (5) is upspring is 0.5 ~ 1 times of piezoelectric patches oscillator unit natural vibration period.
7. the up-conversion energy gathering apparatus that is suitable for the low-frequency vibration energy collection according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Through the mass (7) of increase and decrease piezoelectric patches (6) away from an end of piezoelectric patches stand (5), the natural frequency of vibration of regulating piezoelectric patches oscillator unit; For the piezoelectric patches array, the shared big mass of a plurality of piezoelectric patches is so that they have identical vibration phase.
8. the up-conversion energy gathering apparatus that is suitable for the low-frequency vibration energy collection according to claim 1 is characterized in that piezoelectric patches (6) adopts single layer of piezoelectric material or has the piezoelectric bimorph of double-deck piezoelectric.
9. the up-conversion energy gathering apparatus that is suitable for the low-frequency vibration energy collection according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the shape of piezoelectric patches (6) is the isosceles trapezoid that rectangle or iso-stress distribute.
10. the up-conversion energy gathering apparatus that is suitable for the low-frequency vibration energy collection according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; The electrode on piezoelectric patches (6) surface all covers whole piezoelectric or covers 2/3 patch area that begins from stiff end, perhaps all is positioned at the same surface of piezoelectric patches for comb structure makes positive and negative electrode.
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| CN103346252A (en) * | 2013-07-05 | 2013-10-09 | 重庆大学 | MEMS vibration energy collector based on PZT piezoelectric beam array |
| CN104158440A (en) * | 2014-09-05 | 2014-11-19 | 苏州大学 | Frequency-raising type vibration energy collecting system and collecting method |
| CN106803726A (en) * | 2015-11-26 | 2017-06-06 | 清华大学 | Low-frequency vibration electromagnetic energy collector |
| CN112030616A (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2020-12-04 | 中南大学 | Vibration reduction power generation sleeper based on resonance principle |
| CN112953303A (en) * | 2021-04-01 | 2021-06-11 | 西华师范大学 | Nonlinear rotation type broadband energy collector |
| CN114244185A (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2022-03-25 | 上海工程技术大学 | Circular plate type vibration energy collector based on MFC |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103346252A (en) * | 2013-07-05 | 2013-10-09 | 重庆大学 | MEMS vibration energy collector based on PZT piezoelectric beam array |
| CN104158440A (en) * | 2014-09-05 | 2014-11-19 | 苏州大学 | Frequency-raising type vibration energy collecting system and collecting method |
| CN106803726A (en) * | 2015-11-26 | 2017-06-06 | 清华大学 | Low-frequency vibration electromagnetic energy collector |
| CN106803726B (en) * | 2015-11-26 | 2019-05-10 | 清华大学 | Low-frequency vibration electromagnetic energy collector |
| CN112030616A (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2020-12-04 | 中南大学 | Vibration reduction power generation sleeper based on resonance principle |
| CN112030616B (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2021-08-24 | 中南大学 | Vibration reduction power generation sleeper based on resonance principle |
| CN112953303A (en) * | 2021-04-01 | 2021-06-11 | 西华师范大学 | Nonlinear rotation type broadband energy collector |
| CN114244185A (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2022-03-25 | 上海工程技术大学 | Circular plate type vibration energy collector based on MFC |
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