CN102747246A - Preparation method of micro/nano particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material - Google Patents
Preparation method of micro/nano particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN102747246A CN102747246A CN201210183034XA CN201210183034A CN102747246A CN 102747246 A CN102747246 A CN 102747246A CN 201210183034X A CN201210183034X A CN 201210183034XA CN 201210183034 A CN201210183034 A CN 201210183034A CN 102747246 A CN102747246 A CN 102747246A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of a micro/nano particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material. The preparation method comprises the following steps of melting an aluminum alloy, carrying out degassing and deslagging of the molten aluminum alloy to obtain purified molten aluminum alloy, adding SiC/CuO composite powder into the purified molten aluminum alloy at a temperature of 700 to 850 DEG C with stirring to obtain composite molten aluminum alloy, wherein a use amount of the SiC/CuO composite powder is 0.1 to 15wt% of the composite molten aluminum alloy, putting the composite molten aluminum alloy into a pre-heated compression casting mold, carrying out compression casting molding under the pressure of 50 to 800MPa, and carrying out demolding to obtain the micro/nano particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material. The micro/nano particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material obtained by the preparation method has excellent mechanical properties and high size precision. The preparation method has simple processes and a low cost and is suitable for industrial production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation technology of aluminum matrix composite, specially refer to a kind of micro-nano granules reinforced aluminum matrix composites precision casting forming method.
Background technology
Advantages such as that enhancing aluminum-base composite material by silicon carbide particles has is in light weight, intensity hardness high, thermal expansivity is low, corrosion-resistant are widely used in fields such as space flight and aviation, communications and transportation, Electronic Packaging.The preparation enhancing aluminum-base composite material by silicon carbide particles mainly contains stirring casting method, powder metallurgic method, vacuum pressure infiltration method, spray spray deposition etc.; Wherein stirring casting method because of it has advantages such as equipment is simple, with low cost, technical process is short, becomes the focus of various countries' research again.Research shows that silicon-carbide particle and alloy matrix aluminum interface bonded quality have very big influence to the mechanical property of material.Yet the wettability of silicon-carbide particle and alloy matrix aluminum is very poor, and both are wetting hardly, has had a strong impact on the performance of material.How to improve both wettabilitys, improve the interface performance of material, become when previous urgent problem.
At present, great majority concentrate on the research to method of forming materials and molding device for the research of enhancing aluminum-base composite material by silicon carbide particles, and rarely have report to improving silicon-carbide particle surface wettability aspect.Publication number is two pieces of patents of invention of CN1498878 and CN102154573A, though all enhancing aluminum-base composite material by silicon carbide particles is introduced, both all exist deficiency.For first method, at first to make the silit prefab then again with pressure die casting or the moulding of vacuum pressure infiltration method, technical process is long, complex equipments; Second method just places complex reaction under the vacuum carries out, and not from improving the interface performance of silicon-carbide particle and alloy matrix aluminum in essence, and the too tiny silicon-carbide particle of adding has strengthened the dispersive difficulty.
Summary of the invention
The invention reside in the preparation method that a kind of micro-nano granules reinforced aluminum matrix composites is provided, make the product that obtains have excellent mechanical property, and technology is simple, cost is low, the dimensional precision of product high.
For realizing the foregoing invention purpose; The present invention adopts and is coated with nanometer CuO particulate micron SiC particle (composite granule SiC/CuO); Combine with the interface of alloy matrix aluminum to improve the SiC particle; And the method for employing pressure die casting, prepare the title product that cost is low, dimensional precision is high, have good mechanical property.
Preparation process of the present invention is following:
1, with aluminum alloy melting, handle through the degasification slagging-off, obtain clean aluminium alloy melt;
2,700-850 ℃ the time, stir down composite granule SiC/CuO is joined in the aluminium alloy melt, obtain the Al-alloy melt; The consumption of composite granule SiC/CuO is the 0.1-15wt% of Al-alloy melt;
3, the Al-alloy melt is placed the die casting die of preheating,, slough mould at last and promptly get the finished product with the pressure die cast of 50-800MPa.
In the step 2, the preparation method of said composite granule SiC/CuO is: the silicon carbide powder of getting particle diameter and be 1～200 μ m joins and contains 0.1～25mol/L Cu
2+Copper salt solution in, be 0.5～3 until the mol ratio of silicon-carbide particle and cupric ion, after stirring; Add basic soln, under temperature is 10～80 ℃ condition, continue to stir 10～120min then, filter at last; Get and leach thing and cure, grind to form powder, promptly get.
Duraluminum in the step 1 is selected from any one in fine aluminium, Al-Si, Al-Mg, Al-Cu or the Al-Zn line aluminium alloy.
The CuO layer thickness of composite granule SiC/CuO is 50-500nm in the step 2, in this scope, combines best with the interface of alloy matrix aluminum.Can controlling of the CuO thickness of composite granule through copper salt solution concentration, temperature of reaction and reaction times.
In the step 2, the churning time of said stirring operation is 10-120min, and rotating speed is 300-1500rpm.
In the step 3, the preheating temperature of said die casting die is 200-600 ℃, and the time is 20-30min, under this preheating condition, helps the densification of moulding and material.
In the step 3, the dwell time in the die cast process is 10-600s, in this scope, helps improving the mechanical property of material.Dwell time is not that the longer the better, and the raising of long dwell time to performance do not have obvious influence, and has reduced the efficient of producing.
Compared with prior art, meliority of the present invention is:
(1) utilizes nanometer CuO parcel micron SiC particle; Nanometer CuO and molten aluminium generation thermite reaction; The Cu that thermite reaction generates can carry out solution strengthening to body, has improved the interface wet ability of SiC particle and aluminum substrate simultaneously, thereby has improved the interface performance of matrix material.
(2) disturbance of rolling that utilizes violent surface reaction to form realizes SiC particulate good distribution under stirring action.
(3) Al of surface reaction formation
2O
3The nano particle disperse is distributed in the matrix alloy, realizes micron SiC particle and nanometer Al
2O
3Particulate is collaborative to be strengthened, and strengthening effect is good than single particle.
(4) adopt the method for pressure die casting to obtain title product, remarkable crystal grain thinning further improves the mechanical property of material.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the SEM photo of composite granule SiC/CuO among the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the XRD figure spectrum of composite granule SiC/CuO among the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Is that the silicon carbide powder of 50 μ m joins in the copper-bath of 0.3mol/L with 1: 1 mol ratio with particle diameter; After stirring, add the sodium hydroxide solution of 20mol/L, the stirring velocity with 100rpm under 20 ℃ temperature stirs 30min; Filter then; Get and leach thing and under 150 ℃ of temperature, cure 6h, grind into powder promptly gets composite granule SiC/CuO.The CuO layer thickness of under ESEM, observing prepared composite granule SiC/CuO is about 200nm.
The Al-Si duraluminum 700 ℃ of fusings down, is handled through the degasification slagging-off, obtained clean duraluminum molten mass; Under 740 ℃, get the composite granule SiC/CuO that accounts for total quality of furnace charge (being the Al-alloy melt) 4%, under the 1000rpm stirring action, join in the aluminium alloy melt, stir 30min; Aluminium alloy melt after the compound completion is placed the die casting die of preheating, put into 280T cold house horizontal plunger die casting machine and carry out die cast with the pressure of 200MPa, the dwell time is 60s.After pressurize finishes, around mould, spray releasing agent, can slough mould smoothly and obtain the finished product.Product labelling is A.
Embodiment 2
The difference of present embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the adding temperature of composite granule SiC/CuO is 720 ℃.Products obtained therefrom is labeled as B.
Embodiment 3
The difference of present embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the adding temperature of composite granule SiC/CuO is 760 ℃, and product labelling is C.
Embodiment 4
The difference of present embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the consumption of composite granule SiC/CuO accounts for 2% of total quality of furnace charge.Product labelling is D.
Embodiment 5
The difference of present embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the consumption of composite granule SiC/CuO accounts for 6% of total quality of furnace charge.Product labelling is E.
Embodiment 6
The difference of present embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the concentration of copper-bath is 0.1mol/L, and the CuO integument thickness of composite granule SiC/CuO is 50nm, and product labelling is F.
Embodiment 7
The difference of present embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the concentration of copper-bath is 1mol/L, and the CuO integument thickness of composite granule SiC/CuO is 500nm, and product labelling is G.
Embodiment 8
The difference of present embodiment and embodiment 1 is that used pressure is 50MPa during die cast, and product labelling is H.
Embodiment 9
The difference of present embodiment and embodiment 1 is that used pressure is 400MPa during die cast, and product labelling is I.
Embodiment 10
The difference of present embodiment and embodiment 1 is that used pressure is 800MPa during die cast, and product labelling is J.
Comparative Examples 1
The difference of present embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the powder that is added is common silicon carbide powder.Product labelling is K.
Comparative Examples 2
The difference of present embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the forming method that is adopted is the traditional gravity casting, does not promptly have impressed pressure, leans on the gravity of Al-alloy melt self to be full of the dies cavity moulding.Product labelling is L.
The product of embodiment and Comparative Examples is carried out tensile strength and hardness test, and the test equipment used is INSTRON3365 universal material experimental machine and HB-S3000 digital display Brinell tester, and test result sees the following form:
Test result by last table can find out that the tensile strength of the embodiment of the invention and hardness all are superior to Comparative Examples.
Claims (6)
1. the preparation method of a micro-nano granules reinforced aluminum matrix composites is characterized in that, preparation process is:
(1) with aluminum alloy melting, handle through the degasification slagging-off, obtain clean aluminium alloy melt;
(2) 700-850 ℃ the time, stir down composite granule SiC/CuO is joined in the aluminium alloy melt, obtain the Al-alloy melt; The consumption of composite granule SiC/CuO is the 0.1-15wt% of Al-alloy melt;
(3) the Al-alloy melt is placed the die casting die of preheating,, slough mould at last and promptly get the finished product with the pressure die cast of 50-800MPa;
In the step (2), the preparation method of said composite granule SiC/CuO is: the silicon carbide powder of getting particle diameter and be 1～200 μ m joins and contains 0.1～25mol/L Cu
2+Copper salt solution in, be 0.5～3 until the mol ratio of silicon-carbide particle and cupric ion, after stirring; Add basic soln, under temperature is 10～80 ℃ condition, continue to stir 10～120min then, filter at last; Get and leach thing and cure, grind to form powder, promptly get.
2. the preparation method of micro-nano granules reinforced aluminum matrix composites according to claim 1 is characterized in that duraluminum is selected from any one in fine aluminium, Al-Si, Al-Mg, Al-Cu or the Al-Zn line aluminium alloy described in the step (1).
3. the preparation method of micro-nano granules reinforced aluminum matrix composites according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the CuO layer thickness of composite granule SiC/CuO is 50-500nm in the step (2).
4. the preparation method of micro-nano granules reinforced aluminum matrix composites according to claim 1 is characterized in that the churning time of stirring operation is 10-120min described in the step (2), and rotating speed is 300-1500rpm.
5. the preparation method of micro-nano granules reinforced aluminum matrix composites according to claim 1 is characterized in that the preheating temperature of die casting die is 200-600 ℃ described in the step (3), and the time is 20-30min.
6. like the preparation method of each said micro-nano granules reinforced aluminum matrix composites of claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that the dwell time in the step (3) in the die cast process is 10-600s.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104004944A (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2014-08-27 | 苏州列治埃盟新材料技术转移有限公司 | Nano-particle modified aluminum lithium alloy material and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN104357691A (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2015-02-18 | 苏州阿罗米科技有限公司 | Preparation method of aluminum-based composite material |
| CN104862508A (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2015-08-26 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空材料研究院 | Method for preparing aluminum-based graphene composite material |
| CN109321767A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-02-12 | 郑州轻工业学院 | A kind of method that compound augmentation prepares aluminium based composite material enhanced by miscellaneous granules |
| CN111604246A (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-09-01 | 国网电力科学研究院武汉南瑞有限责任公司 | Preparation method of insulating operating rod with replaceable nano modified aluminum alloy hardware fitting head |
| CN112111666A (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2020-12-22 | 德州明联空调设备有限公司 | Aluminum-based composite material and impeller made of same |
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| CN101956120A (en) * | 2010-10-12 | 2011-01-26 | 江苏大学 | Method and device for preparing nanoparticle reinforced aluminum base composite material |
| CN102102158A (en) * | 2011-01-30 | 2011-06-22 | 中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所 | Micro-nano particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material and preparation method thereof |
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Patent Citations (2)
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| CN101956120A (en) * | 2010-10-12 | 2011-01-26 | 江苏大学 | Method and device for preparing nanoparticle reinforced aluminum base composite material |
| CN102102158A (en) * | 2011-01-30 | 2011-06-22 | 中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所 | Micro-nano particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material and preparation method thereof |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104004944A (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2014-08-27 | 苏州列治埃盟新材料技术转移有限公司 | Nano-particle modified aluminum lithium alloy material and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN104004944B (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2016-10-26 | 苏州列治埃盟新材料技术转移有限公司 | A kind of modified by nano particles aluminium lithium alloy material and preparation method thereof |
| CN104357691A (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2015-02-18 | 苏州阿罗米科技有限公司 | Preparation method of aluminum-based composite material |
| CN104862508A (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2015-08-26 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空材料研究院 | Method for preparing aluminum-based graphene composite material |
| CN104862508B (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2016-09-28 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空材料研究院 | A kind of preparation method of aluminum base graphene composite material |
| CN109321767A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-02-12 | 郑州轻工业学院 | A kind of method that compound augmentation prepares aluminium based composite material enhanced by miscellaneous granules |
| CN111604246A (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-09-01 | 国网电力科学研究院武汉南瑞有限责任公司 | Preparation method of insulating operating rod with replaceable nano modified aluminum alloy hardware fitting head |
| CN112111666A (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2020-12-22 | 德州明联空调设备有限公司 | Aluminum-based composite material and impeller made of same |
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