CN102745063A - Electric vehicle cooling system and control algorithm thereof - Google Patents
Electric vehicle cooling system and control algorithm thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102745063A CN102745063A CN2011100970536A CN201110097053A CN102745063A CN 102745063 A CN102745063 A CN 102745063A CN 2011100970536 A CN2011100970536 A CN 2011100970536A CN 201110097053 A CN201110097053 A CN 201110097053A CN 102745063 A CN102745063 A CN 102745063A
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Abstract
The invention provides an electric vehicle cooling system which comprises three circulating loops: a small circulating loop, a large circulating loop and a warm air loop, wherein the three loops have a shared cooling pipeline, and the shared cooling pipeline is provided with a heat radiator and an electric pump; the small circulating loop is that a cooling liquid sequentially passes through the electric pump, a motor controller and a motor through a cooling pipe, and does not pass through the heat radiator; the large circulating loop is that a cooling liquid sequentially passes through the electric pump, the heat radiator, the motor controller and the motor through a cooling pipe; the warm air loop is that a cooling liquid passes through the electric pump, a warm air heat exchanger, the motor controller and the motor through a cooling pipe; the cooling system also comprises an expansion box; the heat radiator and a pressure-limiting valve of a warm air loop heat exchanger are connected with an upper water port of the expansion box; the lower water port of the expansion box and a main cooling pipe are connected in parallel to a water inlet of the electric pump; temperature sensors are installed at the inlet part of the motor controller, the cooling liquid outlet part of the electric pump and the outlet part of the heat radiator; sensor signals above are all connected to a cooling system control unit; and the cooling system control unit controls the operation of the system according to the information obtained from a vehicle-mounted bus as well as sensor information. The invention also provides a control method for the electric vehicle cooling system, and the normal operation of the power part of the electric vehicle is ensured.
Description
Affiliated technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cooling system for electric vehicle and control algorithm thereof.
Background technology
Because battery-driven car does not have Traditional engine, its power is all provided by motor, and therefore the heat radiation of electronic part is had relatively high expectations, and the temperature in cabin is very high, and therefore concerning electric power electronic module, service conditions is quite abominable.Because the increase of module package chips density, heat density also can increase, so the research of heat dissipation technology and heat sink material is all very important to the life-span of the normal operation of module and electronic component.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome above deficiency, the invention provides a kind of good heat dissipation effect, timely, the energy-conservation cooling system for electric vehicle of response, and control method.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
Cooling system for electric vehicle has three circulation loops; Short circle, main cycle and warm braw loop, wherein the short circle loop is meant that refrigerant fluid passes through motor-drive pump, electric machine controller, motor successively through cooling pipe, without radiator; Main cycle is meant that refrigerant fluid passes through motor-drive pump, radiator, electric machine controller, motor successively through cooling pipe; The warm braw loop is meant that refrigerant fluid passes through cooling pipe successively through motor-drive pump, warm braw H Exch, electric machine controller, motor, and short circle and main cycle can not move simultaneously, and they switch through temperature-conserving valve; The warm braw loop can and must be moved with short circle, main cycle simultaneously; The operation in warm braw loop and closing through TVC Throttle Valve Control, cooling system also comprises an expansion tank, and the limiting valve of radiator and warm braw loop H Exch is connected with the filling pipe end of expansion tank; The following mouth of a river of expansion tank and main cooling pipe are connected in parallel to the water inlet of motor-drive pump; In the entrance of electric machine controller, the cooling liquid outlet place of motor-drive pump and the exit of radiator temperature sensor is installed, sensor signal noted earlier all is connected to the cooling system control unit, and motor fan is installed on the radiator; The rotating speed of fan is controlled by the cooling system control unit; The flow size of refrigerant fluid is by the control of motor-drive pump rotating speed, and the motor-drive pump rotating speed is by the control of cooling system control unit, and the cooling system control unit is controlled the rotating speed of motor-drive pump and the rotating speed of radiator fan according to sensor signal noted earlier and through other signal that vehicle-mounted bus sends over.
On above-mentioned cooling system basis, the present invention also provides a kind of control method, and concrete controlled step is following:
The first step: the unloading phase of battery-driven car, the cooling system control unit detects ignition key and is allocated to " ON " position, starts motor-drive pump; Slow speed of revolution operation with acquiescence; Temperature-conserving valve is in default conditions makes system be in the partial circulating operation state, and the electric machine controller of control unit monitoring simultaneously refrigerant fluid water inlet place temperature sensor signal is if temperature is greater than setting value; The temperature-conserving valve state changes, and makes system get into the full circulating operation state;
Second step: when full circulating operation, the heat dissipation capacity that at first acquisition system of cooling system control unit needs can obtain these data through two kinds of approach:
(1) obtains the power of motor output valve that other control unit sends through vehicle-mounted bus, confirm heat dissipation capacity according to watt loss figure then, perhaps directly obtain the heat radiation value that other control unit sends through vehicle-mounted bus;
(2) estimate the heat radiation value through the temperature difference of electric machine controller water inlet temperature and motor water outlet temperature;
According to heat dissipation capacity, definite refrigerant fluid bare flow and the basic rotating speed of cooling fan calculate or table look-up; Simultaneously, the cooling-liquid temperature at the temperature of acquisition motor and electric machine controller and rate of change thereof, radiator coolant entrance and exit place is according to the temperature compensating of these calculation of parameter or table look-up definite coolant flow rate and cooling fan rotation speed; If:
(1) heat dissipation capacity obtains through vehicle-mounted bus; When travel condition of vehicle changes; Heat dissipation capacity is certain to take place bigger variation; According to the heat dissipation capacity variable quantity, confirm the compensation of intervention in advance of coolant flow rate and cooling fan rotation speed, add respectively that with getting involved compensation in advance refrigerant fluid bare flow noted earlier and the basic rotating speed of fan and corresponding temperature compensating obtain coolant flow rate and rotation speed of the fan end value under this state.
(2) if heat dissipation capacity is that estimation obtains according to the temperature difference of electric machine controller water inlet temperature and motor water outlet temperature; Then refrigerant fluid bare flow and the basic rotating speed of cooling fan are added corresponding temperature compensating, promptly obtain final coolant flow rate and rotation speed of the fan.
The 3rd step: according to warm braw master cock or HVAC (heat, heating ventilation and air-conditioning system) the warm braw control command that control unit sends over through vehicle-mounted bus, the state of cooling system control unit control throttle opens or closes the warm braw loop.
The 4th step: in the battery-driven car shutdown phase, the cooling system ECU detects ignition key and is allocated to " OFF " position, and then ECU control motor-drive pump and motor fan move up to electric machine controller water inlet temperature less than setting value with the rotating speed of acquiescence.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, can when satisfying the electronic part cooling requirement of hybrid vehicle, make electronic part part temperatures remain on the reliable work scope; And minimizing energy consumption; Energy savings, and have certain anticipation in early stage, reduced the hysteresis quality of cooling system.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is further specified.
Fig. 1 is a cooling system scheme drawing of the present invention.
Shown in Figure 2 is the scheme drawing of the control algorithm of cooling system of the present invention in the vehicle launch stage.
Shown in Figure 3 for scheme drawing first embodiment of control algorithm after vehicle launch of cooling system of the present invention.
Shown in Figure 4 for scheme drawing second embodiment of control algorithm after vehicle launch of cooling system of the present invention.
The control scheme drawing that is the control algorithm of cooling system of the present invention to the warm braw loop shown in Figure 5.
The specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1; This cooling system for electric vehicle comprises motor-drive pump 3, radiator 8, electric machine controller cooling-water chamber 1, motor cooling-water chamber 2, warm braw loop H Exch 9; Its annexation is: electric machine controller 1, motor 2, motor-drive pump 3 are formed the short circle cooling loop; Electric machine controller 1, motor 2, motor-drive pump 3, radiator 8 become the main cycle cooling loop most, and electric machine controller 1, motor 2, motor-drive pump 3, warm braw loop H Exch 9 are formed the warm braw loop.Wherein, Electric machine controller cooling-water chamber 1, motor cooling-water chamber 2, motor-drive pump 3 be in three circulation loops on the shared refrigerant fluid pipeline 14; Refrigerant fluid pipeline 17 junctions in refrigerant fluid pipeline 14 and warm braw loop are provided with valve 6, and refrigerant fluid pipeline 14 is provided with valve 5 with main cycle refrigerant fluid pipeline 15, short circle refrigerant fluid pipeline 16 junctions.Valve 6 can adopt the changeable flow two-port valve, and the aperture of by-pass valve control 6 can be adjusted the discharge in warm braw loop in real time, and valve 5 can adopt the threeway temperature-conserving valve, and the threeway temperature-conserving valve can be an electronic control valve, also can be temperature control valve.
The flow of refrigerant fluid is seen among the figure shown in the arrow; Refrigerant fluid is through after motor-drive pump 3 pressurizations; Through short circle pipeline 16 or main cycle pipeline 15 or short circle pipeline 16 and warm braw pipeline 17 or main cycle pipeline 15 and warm braw pipeline 17; Be introduced into 1 pair of electric machine controller of electric machine controller cooling-water chamber and cool off, get into the motor cooling-water chamber again motor is cooled off, pressurize through motor-drive pump 3 again then and carry out the circulation of a new round.
1 water inlet place is equipped with temperature sensor 12 at the electric machine controller cooling-water chamber; Be used for monitoring the cooling-liquid temperature that gets into electric machine controller cooling-water chamber 1; At the water outlet of motor-drive pump 3 and the water outlet of radiator 8 temperature sensor 4 and 11 are installed, are used for monitoring the radiating effect of radiator 8.
The lid of radiator 8 and H Exch 9 has limiting valve, and limiting valve is connected to the filling pipe end of expansion tank 13, and when steam pressure was elevated to limit value in radiator 8 or H Exch 9, limiting valve was opened, and refrigerant fluid gets into expansion tank through limiting valve; The following mouth of a river of expansion tank 13 is connected to the water inlet of motor-drive pump; Volume-diminished after cooling-liquid temperature reduces; When system moves once more; Air can occur in the coolant pipe 14, the refrigerant fluids in this moment expansion tank 13 get into the water inlet of motor-drive pump 3 through the mouth of a river down, have so just guaranteed that cooling line pressure can be not excessive and can not get into air.
As shown in Figure 2, when vehicle launch, cooling system controller at first carries out initialization to system; Be control electromagnetic valve 5 states, make system be in the partial circulating operation state, promptly refrigerant fluid circulates through coolant pipe 16; Close electromagnetic valve 6 simultaneously with cut-out warm braw loop, and control motor-drive pump 3, refrigerant fluid is circulated with the flow q0 of acquiescence; After system initialization was accomplished, the value of system monitoring temperature sensor 4 was when the value (being cooling-liquid temperature) of temperature sensor 4 surpasses limit value T1; Cooling system controller thinks that the system vehicle launch accomplishes, and system gets into normal operating condition, if in certain hour t; Cooling-liquid temperature does not reach T1 yet, and system forces to get into normal operating condition, and wherein default traffic q0, limit value T1 and time-out time t demarcate in the real train test stage according to the vehicle particular case.
As shown in Figure 3, when system gets into normal operating condition, the state of switching solenoid valve 5 at first; Make system in main cycle state operation, promptly refrigerant fluid is through coolant pipe 15 radiator 8 of flowing through, and cooling system controller is through the heat dissipation capacity Q of vehicle-mounted bus acquisition system needs; According to the value of heat dissipation capacity Q, can obtain the basic rotating speed f1 of the cooling fan 7 of refrigerant fluid minimum flow q1 and radiator 8 through calculation mode, also can obtain through the mode of tabling look-up; Data form confirms that through demarcating form stores calculates heat dissipation capacity Q rate over time by the heat dissipation capacity Q that obtains in cooling system controller; According to this rate of change; The compensation q2 of intervention in advance and the f2 that calculate or table look-up and obtain coolant flow rate and cooling fan 7 rotating speeds, cooling system controller obtains motor 1 and electric machine controller 2 current temperature and rate of change thereof, the temperature compensating q3 that calculates or table look-up and obtain coolant flow rate through bus or alternate manner; Institute's lattice of tabling look-up are confirmed through demarcating; Cooling system controller monitor temperature sensor 4 and 11 value obtain the water inlet of radiator 8 and the cooling-liquid temperature of water outlet, they are subtracted each other obtain the temperature difference; Calculate or table look-up according to temperature difference size and obtain the temperature compensating f2 of cooling fan 7 rotating speeds; Q1, q2 and q3 addition are obtained final coolant flow rate q, f1, f2 and f3 addition are obtained the final rotating speed f of fan 7, cooling system controller is according to the rotating speed of the value control motor-drive pump 3 of q and f and the rotating speed of fan 7.
Second embodiment when getting into normal operating condition shown in Figure 4 for system; The difference of itself and Fig. 3 is that the heat dissipation capacity Q that system needs does not obtain from bus; Estimation obtains but according to the temperature difference of electric machine controller water inlet temperature and motor water outlet temperature; And no longer calculate and get involved compensation in advance, the basic rotating speed f1 of refrigerant fluid minimum flow q1 and fan 7 is added that corresponding temperature compensating q3 and f3 promptly obtain the final coolant flow rate q and the rotating speed f of fan 7.
As shown in Figure 5; The order that the warm braw that cooling system controller obtains according to warm braw circuit switching state or from bus is opened or closed; Open or close electromagnetic valve 5, open electromagnetic valve 5, refrigerant fluid is through coolant pipe 17 radiator 9 of flowing through; The heat that distributes is blown into operator's compartment by fan 10, and the rotating speed of fan 10 is controlled by air-conditioner controller.
Claims (10)
1. electric automobile cooling system, it is characterized in that it comprises three circulation loops: short circle, main cycle and warm braw loop, there is shared cooling line in said three loops, on the said shared cooling line radiator and motor-drive pump are arranged.
2. electric automobile cooling system according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; The short circle loop is meant that refrigerant fluid passes through motor-drive pump, electric machine controller, motor successively through cooling pipe; Without radiator, main cycle is meant that refrigerant fluid passes through motor-drive pump, radiator, electric machine controller, motor successively through cooling pipe, and the warm braw loop is meant that refrigerant fluid passes through cooling pipe successively through motor-drive pump, warm braw H Exch, electric machine controller, motor.
3. electric automobile cooling system according to claim 2; It is characterized in that short circle and main cycle can not move simultaneously, they switch through temperature-conserving valve; The warm braw loop can and must be moved with short circle, main cycle simultaneously, the operation in warm braw loop and closing through TVC Throttle Valve Control.
4. electric automobile cooling system according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Cooling system also comprises an expansion tank, and the limiting valve of radiator and warm braw loop H Exch is connected with the filling pipe end of expansion tank, and the following mouth of a river of expansion tank and main cooling pipe are connected in parallel to the water inlet of motor-drive pump.
5. electric automobile cooling system according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; In the entrance of electric machine controller, the cooling liquid outlet place of motor-drive pump and the exit of radiator temperature sensor is installed, sensor signal noted earlier all is connected to the cooling system control unit.
6. electric automobile cooling system according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Motor fan is installed on the radiator, and the rotating speed of fan is by the control of cooling system control unit, and the flow size of refrigerant fluid is controlled by the motor-drive pump rotating speed; The motor-drive pump rotating speed is by the control of cooling system control unit, and the cooling system control unit is controlled the rotating speed of motor-drive pump and the rotating speed of radiator fan according to sensor signal noted earlier and through other signal that vehicle-mounted bus sends over.
7. control method that is used for the said cooling system for electric vehicle of claim 1, its characteristic is comprising following steps:
A) first step: the unloading phase of battery-driven car, the cooling system control unit detects ignition key and is allocated to " ON " position, starts motor-drive pump; Slow speed of revolution operation with acquiescence; Temperature-conserving valve is in default conditions makes system be in the partial circulating operation state, and the electric machine controller of control unit monitoring simultaneously refrigerant fluid water inlet place temperature sensor signal is if temperature is greater than setting value; The temperature-conserving valve state changes, and makes system get into the full circulating operation state;
B) second step: when full circulating operation; The heat dissipation capacity that at first acquisition system of cooling system control unit needs; And the cooling-liquid temperature at the temperature of monitoring motor and electric machine controller and rate of change thereof, radiator coolant entrance and exit place, obtain the flow of refrigerant fluid and the rotating speed of radiator fan according to these calculation of parameter.
C) the 3rd step: according to warm braw master cock or HVAC (heat, heating ventilation and air-conditioning system) the warm braw control command that control unit sends over through vehicle-mounted bus, the state of cooling system control unit control throttle opens or closes the warm braw loop.
D) the 4th step: in the battery-driven car shutdown phase, the cooling system ECU detects ignition key and is allocated to " OFF " position, and then ECU control motor-drive pump and motor fan move up to electric machine controller water inlet temperature less than setting value with the rotating speed of acquiescence.
8. electric automobile cooling system control algorithm according to claim 7; It is characterized in that being; In second step, the acquisition of heat dissipation capacity can obtain through vehicle-mounted bus, also can obtain according to the temperature difference estimation of electric machine controller water inlet temperature and motor water outlet temperature.
9. electric automobile cooling system control algorithm according to claim 7 is characterized in that being, in second step, the flow of refrigerant fluid is divided into three parts: bare flow, the temperature compensating part with get involved compensated part in advance; Speed of cooling fan also is divided into three parts: basic rotating speed, temperature compensating partly and are in advance got involved compensated part.
10. according to claim 7 or 8 or 9 described electric automobile cooling system control algorithms; It is characterized in that being; Calculate or table look-up according to heat dissipation capacity and obtain the refrigerant fluid bare flow,, calculate or the temperature compensating of table look-up definite coolant flow rate and cooling fan rotation speed according to the cooling-liquid temperature at the temperature of motor and electric machine controller and rate of change thereof, radiator coolant entrance and exit place; And, if:
A) heat dissipation capacity obtains through vehicle-mounted bus; According to the heat dissipation capacity variable quantity; The compensation of intervention in advance of calculating or tabling look-up and confirming coolant flow rate and cooling fan rotation speed adds respectively that with getting involved compensation in advance refrigerant fluid bare flow noted earlier and the basic rotating speed of fan and corresponding temperature compensating obtain coolant flow rate and rotation speed of the fan end value under this state.
B) if heat dissipation capacity is that estimation obtains according to the temperature difference of electric machine controller water inlet temperature and motor water outlet temperature; Then refrigerant fluid bare flow and the basic rotating speed of cooling fan are added corresponding temperature compensating, promptly obtain final coolant flow rate and rotation speed of the fan.
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