CN102735819A - Infiltrometer - Google Patents
Infiltrometer Download PDFInfo
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- CN102735819A CN102735819A CN2012102106035A CN201210210603A CN102735819A CN 102735819 A CN102735819 A CN 102735819A CN 2012102106035 A CN2012102106035 A CN 2012102106035A CN 201210210603 A CN201210210603 A CN 201210210603A CN 102735819 A CN102735819 A CN 102735819A
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- imbibition
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Abstract
The invention discloses an infiltrometer, comprising a soil tube arranged on the upper transverse plane of a horizontal board. A vertical panel is fixed against one edge of the horizontal board. A water storage tank is installed on the right side of the vertical panel. A water injection tank is connected over the water storage tank. The water injection tank communicates downward with the bottom of the water storage tank. An exhaust valve is disposed on the upper portion of the side surface of the water storage tank. A water outlet valve is mounted on the lower portion of the side surface of the water storage tank. The upper portion of the side surface of the soil tube is provided with a water inlet, which communicates with the water outlet valve of the water storage tank. A horizontal porous plate is arranged in the core space of the soil tube. The porous plate divides the core space of the soil tube into a soil holding layer and a water holding layer. The other side surface of the soil tube is equipped with a water outlet. The device provided by the invention is small in size, is easy to move and simple to operate, and is applicable to being popularized and used in teaching and tests of determining soil infiltration rate and its related parameters in a lab.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to water and in soil, infiltrate the surveying instrument technical field, relate to a kind of imbibition appearance.
Background technology
Soil water movement is soil internal energy round-robin research basis.Saturated moving with unsaturated soil water all obeyed Darcy's law on the macroscopic view, and under unsaturated state, rate of percolation is a variable, and its value changes with soil moisture content, and water percentage is low more, and rate of percolation is big more; Under state of saturation, rate of percolation is a constant.Rate of percolation is an important physical index of soil; The water absorptivity and the water permeability that have reflected soil; It is significant to the research soil physical properties to measure this parameter, to accurate guiding agricultural field irrigation, confirms that better the soil utilizes aspect such as mode that important effect is arranged.
The method of measuring at present the soil rate of percolation is a lot, and for example: dicyclo method, core cutter method, artificial rain method, disk infiltrate appearance method, the quantitative water feeding method of monocycle, instantaneous profile method, the vertical flux method, vertical earth pillar steady-state evaporation method, horizontal soil column suction of oozing down and ooze method etc.In numerous measuring methods, the determining instrument volume that the field in-site detecting extensively adopts is bigger, defines the experiment place, the costing an arm and a leg of some instrument.The experimental provision volume of experimental determination soil rate of percolation commonly used is also bigger, can not in short duration, measure rate of percolation rule and the migration rule of wetting front in soil sampling over time, also should not be used for laboratory teaching and use.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of imbibition appearance, solved and exist the experimental provision volume also bigger in the prior art, can not in short duration, measure the problem of desired parameters.
The technical scheme that the present invention adopted is that a kind of imbibition appearance comprises the leveling board face; Be provided with the soil tube in leveling board face upper surface, lean on leveling board face one edge to be fixedly connected with vertical panel, the vertical panel front is equipped with reserve tank; The top of reserve tank is connected with water sink; Through the bottom UNICOM of draft tube and reserve tank, reserve tank side epimere is provided with vent valve to water sink downwards, and reserve tank side hypomere is provided with outlet valve;
The side epimere of soil tube is provided with water inlet; Water inlet is through the outlet valve UNICOM of flexible pipe and reserve tank; The inner chamber of soil tube is provided with the porous plate of level by upper/lower positions; Porous plate is divided into the dress soil layer on upper strata and the layer that is filled with water of lower floor with native tube inner chamber, and the another side hypomere of soil tube is provided with water delivering orifice near layer bottom position that be filled with water.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows,, can in short duration, observe the whole process of water infiltration through the water infiltration of vertical earth pillar under the automatic water supply device analog constant ponding head condition after improving; Comprise free infiltration process, jacking infiltration process and process of osmosis, and measure rate of percolation rule over time, extensible mensuration soil permeability coefficient; While is the progradation of may observe soil wetting front also; Apparatus structure is simple, and volume is little and be easy to move, and is easy and simple to handle; Can test simultaneously by many instruments, be fit to be extended in the laboratory teaching and experimental measurement the soil rate of percolation.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of imbibition appearance determinator embodiment of the present invention.
Among the figure, 1. native tube; 2. vertical panel; 3. leveling board face; 4. water sink; 5. draft tube; 6. reserve tank; 7. vent valve; 8. nut; 9. outlet valve; 10. porous plate; 11. soil tube water inlet; 12. soil tube water delivering orifice; 13. dress soil layer; The layer 14. be filled with water; 15. bearing; 16. set bolt one; 17. set bolt two.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is elaborated.
As shown in Figure 1, be the structural representation of the imbibition appearance of the embodiment of the invention, this apparatus structure is; Comprise leveling board face 3, be provided with soil tube 1 in leveling board face 3 upper surfaces, four angles, leveling board face 3 bottoms are respectively equipped with bearing 15; Lean on leveling board face 3 one edges to be fixedly connected with vertical panel 2, vertical panel 2 fronts are equipped with reserve tank 6 by epimere, and reserve tank 6 is supported on vertical panel 2 fronts through set bolt 2 17; The top of reserve tank 6 is connected with water sink 4, and water sink 4 is fixed on vertical panel 2 fronts and the reserve tank 6 through set bolt 1, and water sink 4 is downwards through the bottom UNICOMs of draft tube 5 with reserve tank 6; Reserve tank 6 side epimeres are provided with vent valve 7; Vent valve 7 is provided with the nut 8 of bleeder screw and coupling, and nut 8 is provided with circular hole, and reserve tank 6 side hypomeres are provided with outlet valve 9;
The side epimere of soil tube 1 is provided with water inlet 11; Water inlet 11 is through outlet valve 9 UNICOMs of flexible pipe and reserve tank 6; The inner chamber of soil tube 1 is provided with the porous plate 10 of level by upper/lower positions; Porous plate 10 is divided into the dress soil layer 13 on upper strata and the layer 14 that is filled with water of lower floor with soil tube 1 inner chamber, and the another side hypomere of soil tube 1 is provided with water delivering orifice 12 near layer 14 bottom position that are filled with water.
Embodiment 1
Be provided with according to following parameter:
Soil tube 1 height 20cm; Interior circular diameter is 5cm, and soil tube 1 inside is provided with porous plate 10 (plate thickness 1cm) in the 3cm place from bottom to top, and dress soil layer 13 highly is 12cm; The layer 14 that is filled with water highly is 3cm; Water inlet 11 is arranged on soil tube 1 4cm place from top to bottom, and water delivering orifice 12 is arranged on soil tube 1 0.6cm place from bottom to top, and layers 14 lowest part is equivalent to be filled with water.
Water sink 4 is uncovered square groove or circular trough, and water sink 4 base plates are provided with round mouth, this round mouth and UNICOM consistent with draft tube 5 diameters.
Draft tube 5 bottoms are provided with the turning, and the flex point of draft tube 5 bottoms is higher than the height 2cm of reserve tank 6 outlet valves 9.
Reserve tank 6 cross-sectional areas are 15cm
2, height is 25cm, and reserve tank 6 is the container that transparent material is made, it is provided with the gage of observed stage reading.
Imbibition appearance of the present invention is used to measure soil rate of percolation and wetting front migration rule, and operation steps is:
6 water fillings of step 1) reserve tank.Open the outlet valve 9 and vent valve 7 of reserve tank 6, circular hole on the vent valve 7 and atmosphere all flow out the surplus water in the reserve tank 6, close outlet valve 9.With measuring cup water filling in water sink 4 of filled with water, at this moment, water will flow into draft tube 5 through the circular hole on water sink 4 base plates, enter into reserve tank 6 through draft tube 5 turnings.Add in the water process, can not make to occur the cutout phenomenon in the water sink 4.Water filling is closed vent valve 7 till arriving when the waters surface are a little less than vent valve 7 height in the reserve tank 6.Slowly open outlet valve 9, the initial water level of record reserve tank 6.
Step 2) makes soil sampling.The qualitative filter paper of pad one deck and the identical size of soil tube 1 internal diameter on porous plate 10 at first, preventing has soil to spill when dress is native.Disturbed soil is put in the soil tube 1 by unit weight requirement layering, and dress soil highly is 12cm, just is lower than water inlet 11 positions of soil tube 1.After soil tube 1 installs soil, reserve tank 6 water delivering orifices 9 are linked to each other with soil tube 1 water inlet 11 with flexible pipe.
Step 3) begins test.On native face, cover one deck filter paper.Measure and the interior identical water yield of the high volume of 2cm of soil tube with measuring cup; Pour the soil tube rapidly into, and open reserve tank 6 outlet valves 9 immediately, the water yield supplies water to soil tube 1 through water delivering orifice in the reserve tank 6; Output can be through the scale sense data on the reserve tank 6; Reach the infiltration state up to soil sampling bottom beginning water outlet, and soil tube 1 water delivering orifice 12 there are flowing out and reach stable till, can record the Changing Pattern of soil rate of percolation.When measuring amount of infiltrating water, the progradation of record soil wetting front in the soil body till wetting front arrives the soil sampling bottom, then can record the Changing Pattern that soil soaks into speed.
Imbibition appearance measuring principle: utilize equal pressure principle,,, supply water, reach not only continuous water supply but also keep the ponding infiltration head of certain altitude from the trend soil sampling through the Marriot water supply installation after improving according to the equilibrium condition of isopressure surface.Moisture infiltrates soil under the soil water potential gradient effect; Increase along with observation time; Water infiltration is successively infiltrated stage and penetration stage through freely infiltrating stage, jacking, oozes out up to there being water to see through soil sampling, and falls into the layer 14 that is filled with water of soil tube 1 lower end; Flow out the weight of the water that weighing is flowed out in the test design observation time by water delivering orifice 12.
In process of the test along with the carrying out of infiltrating, the corresponding accumulation infiltration capacity that infiltrates below the soil surface and the wetting front distance of propelling downwards that reads, will accumulate infiltration capacity and time relation differentiate after, be soil infiltration rate and concern over time.Infiltrate formula (1) according to Philip with physical significance:
In the formula, i is an infiltration rate, and S oozes rate for inhaling, and t is the time of infiltrating, i
fBe stable infiltration rate, formula shows, at the initial stage of infiltrating (t hour), soil is saturated far away, has bigger suction, and water potential gradient is much larger than 1, and then infiltration rate i is bigger, and i is much larger than i
fAlong with the time of infiltrating increases, showing native water percentage increases, and soil suction reduces, and i is the index line style and reduces rapidly; When infiltrating behind the certain hour, when suction was zero, water potential gradient approximated 1, and infiltration rate will reduce and near a definite value, and will be near the infiltration rate of this definite value as stable infiltration rate i
f
Stable infiltration rate i
fRate of percolation K during soil saturation just, known soil sampling height L, soil tube cross-sectional area A, the water yield V of infiltrate soil sampling in the t time, the height h of constant head, according to Darcy's law, the calculating of saturated rate of percolation is as shown in the formula shown in (2):
Calculate a series of rates of percolation,, just suppose that this constant is vertical saturated rate of percolation when these values level off to a constant.
Observation through to the progradation of soil wetting front with wetting front position and time relation differentiate, can obtain the infiltration speed of moisture in the soil body.
Claims (6)
1. imbibition appearance; It is characterized in that: comprise leveling board face (3); Be provided with soil tube (1) in leveling board face (3) upper surface, lean on leveling board face (3) one edges to be fixedly connected with vertical panel (2), vertical panel (2) front is equipped with reserve tank (6); The top of reserve tank (6) is connected with water sink (4); Through the bottom UNICOM of draft tube (5) with reserve tank (6), reserve tank (6) side epimere is provided with vent valve (7) to water sink (4) downwards, and reserve tank (6) side hypomere is provided with outlet valve (9);
The side epimere of soil tube (1) is provided with water inlet (11); Water inlet (11) is through outlet valve (9) UNICOM of flexible pipe and reserve tank (6); The inner chamber of soil tube (1) is provided with the porous plate (10) of level by upper/lower positions; Porous plate (10) is divided into the dress soil layer (13) on upper strata and the layer (14) that is filled with water of lower floor with soil tube (1) inner chamber, and the another side hypomere of soil tube (1) is provided with water delivering orifice (12) near layer (14) bottom position that be filled with water.
2. imbibition appearance according to claim 1 is characterized in that: four angles, described leveling board face (3) bottom are respectively equipped with bearing (15).
3. imbibition appearance according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: described reserve tank (6) is fixed on vertical panel (2) front through set bolt two (17), and water sink (4) is fixed on vertical panel (2) front and the reserve tank (6) through set bolt one (16).
4. imbibition appearance according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described vent valve (7) is provided with the nut (8) of bleeder screw and coupling, and nut (8) is provided with circular hole.
5. imbibition appearance according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described draft tube (5) bottom is provided with flex point, and this flex point is higher than reserve tank (6) outlet valve (9) height 2cm.
6. imbibition appearance according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described reserve tank (6) is a transparent vessel, and it is provided with gage.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210210603.5A CN102735819B (en) | 2012-06-25 | 2012-06-25 | Infiltrometer |
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| CN201210210603.5A CN102735819B (en) | 2012-06-25 | 2012-06-25 | Infiltrometer |
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| CN102735819A true CN102735819A (en) | 2012-10-17 |
| CN102735819B CN102735819B (en) | 2015-06-24 |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104458528A (en) * | 2014-11-05 | 2015-03-25 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Method and device for measuring field slope earth surface infiltration performance and permeability coefficient |
| CN105547779A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-05-04 | 辽宁省水文局 | Soil field water capacity soil sample manufacturing method and device and measuring method |
| CN106033046A (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2016-10-19 | 西北农林科技大学 | A soil saturated hydraulic conductivity automatic measuring apparatus |
| CN108226008A (en) * | 2018-01-18 | 2018-06-29 | 西安理工大学 | Self-loopa varying head darcy permeability test instrument |
| CN110082272A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-08-02 | 中国地质大学（北京） | The device and method of the spontaneous imbibition of rock core under a kind of evaluation formation condition |
| CN110376114A (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2019-10-25 | 石河子大学 | Integrated soil infiltration rate measurement combination unit and measuring method |
| CN111413263A (en) * | 2020-05-06 | 2020-07-14 | 西安理工大学 | Three-axis instrument for jointly measuring unsaturated soil water and gas movement |
| CN117169089A (en) * | 2023-11-03 | 2023-12-05 | 东北农业大学 | Tension infiltration instrument for detecting soil permeability |
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| CN101603914A (en) * | 2009-07-28 | 2009-12-16 | 北京市水利科学研究所 | Synthetic water infiltration capability test apparatus for water permeable ground |
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104458528A (en) * | 2014-11-05 | 2015-03-25 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Method and device for measuring field slope earth surface infiltration performance and permeability coefficient |
| CN106033046A (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2016-10-19 | 西北农林科技大学 | A soil saturated hydraulic conductivity automatic measuring apparatus |
| CN106033046B (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2019-05-17 | 西北农林科技大学 | A kind of saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil apparatus for automatically measuring |
| CN105547779A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-05-04 | 辽宁省水文局 | Soil field water capacity soil sample manufacturing method and device and measuring method |
| CN105547779B (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2018-07-31 | 辽宁省水文局 | Water-retaining quantity among field of soil soil sample production method, device and measurement method |
| CN108226008A (en) * | 2018-01-18 | 2018-06-29 | 西安理工大学 | Self-loopa varying head darcy permeability test instrument |
| CN110082272A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-08-02 | 中国地质大学（北京） | The device and method of the spontaneous imbibition of rock core under a kind of evaluation formation condition |
| CN110376114A (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2019-10-25 | 石河子大学 | Integrated soil infiltration rate measurement combination unit and measuring method |
| CN111413263A (en) * | 2020-05-06 | 2020-07-14 | 西安理工大学 | Three-axis instrument for jointly measuring unsaturated soil water and gas movement |
| CN117169089A (en) * | 2023-11-03 | 2023-12-05 | 东北农业大学 | Tension infiltration instrument for detecting soil permeability |
| CN117169089B (en) * | 2023-11-03 | 2024-01-26 | 东北农业大学 | Tension infiltration instrument for detecting soil permeability |
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| CN102735819B (en) | 2015-06-24 |
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Effective date of registration: 20190320 Address after: 710000 Jadeite International Building 2 21406, Fengcheng Second Road, Xi'an Economic and Technological Development Zone, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province Patentee after: Xi'an Hongertai Hydropower New Technology Co., Ltd. Address before: 710048 No. 5 Jinhua South Road, Shaanxi, Xi'an Patentee before: Xi'an University of Technology |
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Correction item: Patentee|Address Correct: Xi'an Hongertai Hydropower New Technology Co., Ltd.|710000 Jadeite International Building 2 21406, Fengcheng Second Road, Xi'an Economic and Technological Development Zone, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province False: Xi'an Hongertai Hydropower New Technology Co., Ltd.|710000 Jadeite International Building 2 21406, Fengcheng Second Road, Xi'an Economic and Technological Development Zone, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province Number: 15-01 Volume: 35 |