CN102735417B - Omni-directional sand transport monitoring method - Google Patents

Omni-directional sand transport monitoring method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102735417B
CN102735417B CN201210245155.2A CN201210245155A CN102735417B CN 102735417 B CN102735417 B CN 102735417B CN 201210245155 A CN201210245155 A CN 201210245155A CN 102735417 B CN102735417 B CN 102735417B
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China
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sand
ground
sleeve
storing box
box group
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CN102735417A (en
Inventor
李生宇
雷加强
徐新文
王海峰
凌裕泉
屈建军
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Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography of CAS
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Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography of CAS
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Abstract

The invention relates to an omni-directional sand transport monitoring method. A measuring instrument in the method comprises ground assembly blocks and underground assembly blocks; and the ground assembly blocks and the underground assembly blocks can be connected and detached. The method comprises the following steps of: selecting sand observation points; digging holes on the ground; vertically putting the underground assembly blocks of the measuring instrument in the holes; arranging the ground protection rings between the ground assembly blocks and the underground assembly blocks; spraying the undisturbed soil at the peripheral grounds of the observation points; reducing the human disturbance, and then beginning to observe; and after the observation lasts for 10-20 days or a sand and dust weather occurs, sampling on the observation points. The sand conveyed from different directions can be collected by using the measuring instrument in the method, so that the method is suitable for periodically observing the sand flow on fixed positions for a long time in the field under the unmanned condition. The measuring instrument is convenient to assemble and disassemble, so the sand transport observation of the sand flow can be realized, the sampling operation in the observation site can be realized, the quality of the observation data can be improved, the working efficiency can be improved, the work strength in the field can be reduced, and the service life of the instrument can be prolonged.

Description

A kind of omnidirectional sediment transport monitoring method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of dust storm monitoring method, be specifically related to a kind of omnidirectional sediment transport monitoring method.
Background technology
Regional different wind directions year sediment transport total amount Accurate Measurement, for the environmental assessment in this area's economic construction and desert treatment all tool be of great significance.Conventional BSNE sand-taped instrument can rotate with the wind in the world, can collect the sediment transport total amount of certain highly all wind direction, but cannot distinguish the sediment transport of each wind direction, and sand-storing box space is little, is only suitable for short time interval observation.Domestic-developed concentrated omnidirectional sand-taped instrument: (1) different wind direction position fixed-point sand-sampling instruments (patent No. 97229178.4) are collected stream in the sand collecting box of underground corresponding wind direction by the sand collection port of outer all directions, obtain in certain period within the scope of the certain altitude of earth's surface, the sediment transport total amount of all directions, there is larger Chu Sha space, can realize different wind direction sediment transport longer period of time observation, but aerial part volume is larger, larger to sand-flow field interference, the husky accuracy of collecting of impact collection; (2), also there is the shortcoming that the husky space of collection is less, cannot distinguish different wind direction sedimentary loadings in the sediment transport total amount that dust storm monitoring sand-taped instrument (patent No. 200620092161.9) can be collected respectively all wind directions of differing heights; (3) the larger Chu Sha space of sand flow monitoring instrument (patent No. 200610105285.0), can realize the longer period of time observation of all wind direction sediment transports in earth's surface, the total amount of all direction sediment transports within the scope of interior earth's surface certain altitude of certain period can be obtained, but different sediment transports can not be distinguished; (4) the different wind directions wind-blown sand sediment mass flux monitoring apparatus of a kind of near surface (patent No. 201020537918.7) have overcome the shortcoming of above sand-taped instrument, can collect the sediment transport total amount of different wind direction longer period of times within the scope of the certain altitude of earth's surface, but this instrument also exists field condition to sample the husky weather effect of calling prisoners in after letting them out for exercise, whirligig is subject to the shortcoming that the grains of sand affect.
The present invention is directed to the problem that the analyzer that uses in current omnidirectional sediment transport monitoring method exists, provide a kind of resistance to dust storm, can on-site sampling, Chu Sha space is large, can collect omnidirectional's sediment transport analyzer of different directions sediment transport.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is, a kind of omnidirectional sediment transport monitoring method is provided, the analyzer relating in the method is made up of ground chunk and underground chunk two large divisions, wherein collect husky device, the shunting wing, ground rotary system and weathervane and be combined as chunk on the ground, underground rotary system and sleeve are combined as underground chunk, select dust storm observation station, dig pit on the ground, the underground chunk of analyzer is vertically put into hole, on the ground and between underground chunk, be provided with ground protection ring, observation station peripheral ground is spread to undisturbed soil, reduce artificial disturbance, start observation; Observe 10-20 days or a dust and sand weather after, sample to observation station, the sediment transport that adopts the analyzer relating in the method can collect different wind directions, is suitable for the long-term ocean weather station observation of stream under the unattended condition in field.This analyzer is easy to loading and unloading, carries out stream sediment transport observation, can realize observation site sampling, improves observation data quality, can increase work efficiency, and reduces field work intensity, extends instrument serviceable life.This analyzer wide accommodation, humid region and arid biogeographic zone all can use, and can be widely used in the aspects such as environmental monitoring, ecological recovery, sediment control structure design.
A kind of omnidirectional of the present invention sediment transport monitoring method, the analyzer relating in the method is made up of ground chunk and underground chunk two large divisions, wherein collect husky device (1), the shunting wing (2), ground rotary system and weathervane and be combined as chunk on the ground, rotary system is to be formed a whole by ground axle (3), top cover (4), sleeve pipe (10) and shaft coupling piece (9) on the ground; Underground rotary system and sleeve (13) are combined as underground chunk; underground rotary system is made up of ground lower shaft (15), bearing seat (17), bearing (16), locking screw button (19), sleeve (13) and sand-storing box group (14); on the ground and between underground chunk, be provided with ground protection ring (21), concrete operations follow these steps to carry out:
A, selection dust storm observation station, dig pit on the ground, sleeve (13) is vertically put into hole, employing compass location, turnbarrel, make the gap on edge on barrel wall and " N " direction of compass indication consistent, sleeve (13) around bankets to concordant with earth's surface, and earth's surface protective ring (21) is enclosed within on the outer earth's surface of sleeve (13);
B, by sand-storing box group (14) by the ground axle (15) is through putting into sleeve (13), rotation sand-storing box group (14), inlays the sheet metal (22) of sand-storing box group (14) outer wall and the gap of sleeve (13) outer wall;
C, by the center pit of top cover (4) (25) with ground lower shaft (15) aims at, turn clockwise, closely connection, by borehole jack axle (3) top on the ground at the connecting link of weathervane (8) middle part, fix with nut, observation station peripheral ground is spread to undisturbed soil, reduce artificial disturbance, start observation;
D, observe 10-20 days or a dust and sand weather after, sample to observation station, first top cover (4) is rotated counterclockwise and is taken off, take out sand-storing box group (14), sack on sleeve (13) top and sand-storing box group main header casing, prevent that dust storm from entering, turn on one by one the shutoff screw (23) of sand-storing box group (14) bottom, husky sample is collected in sample sack (box), and the corresponding direction of mark, then the shutoff screw (23) of screwing on again one by one, the sack that sleeve (13) top and sand-storing box group main header casing is removed, put into sand-storing box group (14) and top cover (4), restart observation,
E, use after a period of time, sediment transport visualizer is taken out, in cleaning sleeve (13), collection is husky, backs out base plate (20) fixed screw, unloads lower shoe, pours out collection husky, and then base plate is loaded onto.
Weathervane in ground chunk in the method in related analyzer is made up of wind direction rudder (6), connecting rod (8) and arrow (7), in the middle of connecting rod (8) in weathervane, be provided with hole axle (3) insertion on the ground fixing, the fixing wind direction rudder (6) in one end of connecting rod (8), the other end is fixed arrow (7).
Top cover (4) in the method in related analyzer is flat circular discs, locate stationary shaft web member (9) at the center pit of trying to get to the heart of a matter (25), on shaft coupling piece (9), be welded with sleeve pipe (10), axle (3) is fixed on shaft coupling piece (9) by sleeve pipe (10) on the ground, the husky device of fixed set (1) on axle (3) one sidewalls on the ground, and on another sidewall of correspondence, fix and shunt the wing (2), it is upper that one end of the shunting wing (2) is fixed on top cover (4) by fixture (11), has sand losing opening (12) at top cover (4) along radial direction.
The shunting wing (2) in the method in related analyzer is a pair of blade, is "eight" shape and launches.
The husky device of collection (1) in the method in related analyzer be hexagonal flat box, is provided with sand inlet and leaks husky mouthful at the husky device of collection (1), leaks husky mouth corresponding with the sand losing opening (12) of top cover (4), is welded with some reinforced sheets (24) at sand inlet place.
Ground lower shaft (15) one end in underground rotary system in the method in related analyzer is fixed on shaft coupling piece (9), the middle part of the other end and bottom solid bearing (16), bearing seat (17) one end is connected with bearing (16), the other end is fixed on sleeve (13) wall, bearing seat (17) is provided with sand losing opening (18), and ground lower shaft (15) bottom is fixed with locking screw button (19).
Sleeve (13) place suitable for reading in the method in related analyzer longitudinally has osculum, on the outer wall on sand-storing box group (14) top, be provided with sheet metal (22), sheet metal (22) is embedded in the osculum of longitudinally opening at sleeve (13) place suitable for reading, sleeve (13) bottom is provided with base plate (20), is screwed on sleeve (13) wall.
In sand-storing box group (14) in the method in related analyzer, be pair cylinders, between two cylinders, adopt partition to be divided into several fan cylindrical spaces, each space is a sand-storing box unit, each sand-storing box bottom is funnel shaped, adopt screw (23) shutoff in funnel bottom, sand-storing box group (14) is put into sleeve (13) by ground lower shaft (15).
The husky device of collection (1) in the method in related analyzer adopts stainless steel, galvanized iron sheet, organic glass or PVC material to make.
A kind of omnidirectional of the present invention sediment transport monitoring method, in the method related analyzer have that 360 ° of rotations, aerial part are little to interference in air flow, transport and easy to loading and unloading, anti-blown sand, the advantage such as sampling is convenient, Chu Sha space is large, this omnidirectional sediment transport monitoring method can obtain the stream sedimentary loading of each wind direction of observation station, can alleviate the workload of field dust storm observation, improve the accuracy of observation data.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is omnidirectional of the present invention sediment transport analyzer inner structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is sand-storing box group schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is sand-storing box unit bottom structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is that the present invention collects husky device sand inlet structural representation;
Fig. 5 is that the present invention shunts wing structure and assembly drawing;
Fig. 6 is cap base structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is protective ring structural representation of the present invention.
Embodiment
Further describe below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, and provide embodiment.
A kind of omnidirectional of the present invention sediment transport monitoring method, analyzer related in the method is made up of ground chunk and underground chunk two large divisions, wherein collect husky device 1, the shunting wing 2, ground rotary system and weathervane and be combined as chunk on the ground, weathervane in chunk is made up of wind direction rudder 6, connecting rod 8 and arrow 7 on the ground, and rotary system is to be formed a whole by ground axle 3, top cover 4, sleeve pipe 10 and shaft coupling piece 9 on the ground, underground rotary system in underground chunk is by ground lower shaft 15, bearing seat 17, bearing 16, locking screw button 19, sleeve 13 and sand-storing box group 14 form, in the middle of connecting rod 8 in weathervane, being provided with hole inserts fixing by ground axle 3, the fixing wind direction rudder 6 in one end of connecting rod 8, the other end is fixed arrow 7, top cover 4 is flat circular discs, at the center pit 25 place's stationary shaft web members 9 of trying to get to the heart of a matter, on shaft coupling piece 9, be welded with sleeve pipe 10, axle 3 is fixed on shaft coupling piece 9 by sleeve pipe 10 on the ground, the husky device 1 of fixed set on axle 3 one sidewalls on the ground, and on another sidewall of correspondence, fix and shunt the wing 2, one end of the shunting wing 2 is fixed on top cover 4 by fixture 11, the shunting wing 2 is a pair of blade, being "eight" shape launches, be used for making air-flow to stream and pass through smoothly, reduce the disturbance to air-flow, have sand losing opening 12 at top cover 4 along radial direction, integrate the hexagonal flat box of husky device 1 as rectangle, at the husky device 1 longest edge opening of collection, for sand inlet, minor face opening, for leaking husky mouthful, when installation, the husky mouth of husky device 1 leakage of collection aligns fixing with the sand losing opening 12 of top cover 4, in order to strengthen collecting the structural strength of husky device 1, be welded with some reinforced sheets 24 at sand inlet,
Collecting husky device 1 adopts stainless steel, galvanized iron sheet, organic glass or PVC material to make;
Underground rotary system and sleeve 13 are combined as underground chunk, ground lower shaft 15 one end in underground rotary system are fixed on shaft coupling piece 9, the middle part of the other end and bottom solid bearing 16, bearing seat 17 one end are connected with bearing 16, the other end is fixed on sleeve 13 walls, bearing seat 17 is provided with sand losing opening 18, even if there is sand to enter in sleeve 13, can allow drift sand enter into sleeve 13 bottoms by leaking husky empty 18, the base plate 20 of sleeve bottom is screwed on sleeve 13 walls, lay down base plate 20, drift sand can be removed, lower shaft 15 bottoms, ground are fixed with locking screw button 19, place suitable for reading at sleeve 13 longitudinally has osculum, on the outer wall on sand-storing box group 14 tops, be provided with sheet metal 22, sheet metal 22 is embedded in the osculum of longitudinally opening at sleeve 13 place suitable for reading, make sand-storing box group 14 positions keep fixing, sleeve 13 bottoms are provided with base plate 20, be screwed on sleeve 13 walls, in sand-storing box group 14, be two cylinders, between two cylinders, adopt partition to be divided into several fan cylindrical spaces, each space is a sand-storing box unit, each sand-storing box bottom is funnel shaped, adopt screw 23 shutoff in funnel bottom, sand-storing box group 14 is put into sleeve 13 by ground lower shaft 15, in the bucket wall center line markings direction of each sand-storing box unit, in the sand-storing box unit outer wall midline of mark " N " direction, vertical welding vertical with wall one biscuit metal sheet 22,
On the ground and between underground chunk, be provided with ground protection ring 21; ground protection ring 21 is circular, is enclosed within the earth's surface of top cover 4 peripheries when installation, for preventing the dust storm wind erosion to collector periphery earth's surface for a long time; thereby raising accuracy of observation, concrete operations follow these steps to carry out:
A, selection dust storm observation station, dig pit on the ground, and sleeve 13 is vertically put into hole, employing compass location, turnbarrel, makes the gap on edge on barrel wall and " N " direction of compass indication consistent, sleeve 13 around bankets to concordant with earth's surface, and earth's surface protective ring 21 is enclosed within on the outer earth's surface of sleeve 13;
B, by sand-storing box group 14 by ground axle 15 through putting into sleeve 13, rotation sand-storing box group 14, inlays the sheet metal 22 of sand-storing box group 14 outer walls and the gap of sleeve 13 outer walls;
C, by the center pit of top cover 4 25 with ground lower shaft 15 aim at, turn clockwise, closely connect, by the borehole jack at the connecting link of weathervane 8 middle parts axle 3 tops on the ground, fix with nut, observation station peripheral ground is spread to undisturbed soil, reduce artificial disturbance, start observation;
After d, observation 10-20 days or a dust and sand weather, sample to observation station, first top cover (4) is rotated counterclockwise and is taken off, take out sand-storing box group 14, sack on sleeve 13 tops and sand-storing box group main header casing, prevent that dust storm from entering, turn on one by one the shutoff screw 23 of sand-storing box group 14 bottoms, husky sample is collected in sample sack (box), and the corresponding direction of mark, the shutoff screw 23 of then screwing on again one by one, the sack that sleeve 13 tops and sand-storing box group main header casing is removed, put into sand-storing box group 14 and top cover 4, restart observation;
E, use after a period of time, sediment transport visualizer is taken out, the interior collection of cleaning sleeve 13 is husky, backs out base plate 20 fixed screws, unloads lower shoe, pours out collection sand, and then base plate is loaded onto.

Claims (1)

1. omnidirectional's sediment transport monitoring method, it is characterized in that the analyzer relating in the method is made up of ground chunk and underground chunk two large divisions, wherein collect husky device (1), the shunting wing (2), ground rotary system and weathervane and be combined as chunk on the ground, rotary system is to be formed a whole by ground axle (3), top cover (4), sleeve pipe (10) and shaft coupling piece (9) on the ground, underground rotary system and sleeve (13) are combined as underground chunk, underground rotary system is by ground lower shaft (15), bearing seat (17), bearing (16), locking screw button (19), sleeve (13) and sand-storing box group (14) composition, on the ground and between underground chunk, be provided with ground protection ring (21), wherein the weathervane in the ground chunk in related analyzer is by wind direction rudder (6), connecting rod (8) and arrow (7) composition, in the middle of connecting rod (8) in weathervane, be provided with hole axle (3) insertion on the ground fixing, the fixing wind direction rudder (6) in one end of connecting rod (8), the other end is fixed arrow (7), top cover (4) in related analyzer is flat circular discs, locate stationary shaft web member (9) at the center pit of trying to get to the heart of a matter (25), on shaft coupling piece (9), be welded with sleeve pipe (10), axle (3) is fixed on shaft coupling piece (9) by sleeve pipe (10) on the ground, the husky device of fixed set (1) on axle (3) one sidewalls on the ground, and on another sidewall of correspondence, fix and shunt the wing (2), it is upper that one end of the shunting wing (2) is fixed on top cover (4) by fixture (11), has sand losing opening (12) at top cover (4) along radial direction, the shunting wing (2) in related analyzer is a pair of blade, is "eight" shape and launches, the husky device of collection (1) in related analyzer is hexagonal flat box, is provided with sand inlet and leakage sand mouthful at the husky device of collection (1), leaks husky mouth corresponding with the sand losing opening (12) of top cover (4), is welded with some reinforced sheets (24) at sand inlet place, ground lower shaft (15) one end in underground rotary system in related analyzer is fixed on shaft coupling piece (9), the middle part of the other end and bottom solid bearing (16), bearing seat (17) one end is connected with bearing (16), the other end is fixed on sleeve (13) wall, bearing seat (17) is provided with sand losing opening (18), and ground lower shaft (15) bottom is fixed with locking screw button (19), sleeve (13) place suitable for reading in related analyzer longitudinally has osculum, on the outer wall on sand-storing box group (14) top, be provided with sheet metal (22), sheet metal (22) is embedded in the osculum of longitudinally opening at sleeve (13) place suitable for reading, sleeve (13) bottom is provided with base plate (20), is screwed on sleeve (13) wall, in sand-storing box group (14) in related analyzer, be two cylinders, between two cylinders, adopt partition to be divided into several fan cylindrical spaces, each space is a sand-storing box unit, each sand-storing box bottom is funnel shaped, adopt screw (23) shutoff in funnel bottom, sand-storing box group (14) is put into sleeve (13) by ground lower shaft (15), concrete operations follow these steps to carry out:
A, selection dust storm observation station, dig pit on the ground, sleeve (13) is vertically put into hole, employing compass location, turnbarrel, make the gap on edge on barrel wall and " N " direction of compass indication consistent, sleeve (13) around bankets to concordant with earth's surface, and earth's surface protective ring (21) is enclosed within to the outer earth's surface of sleeve (13);
B, by sand-storing box group (14) by ground lower shaft (15) through putting into sleeve (13), rotation sand-storing box group (14), inlays the sheet metal (22) of sand-storing box group (14) outer wall and the gap of sleeve (13) outer wall;
C, by the center pit of top cover (4) (25) with ground lower shaft (15) aims at, turn clockwise, closely connection, by borehole jack axle (3) top on the ground at the connecting rod of weathervane (8) middle part, fix with nut, observation station peripheral ground is spread to undisturbed soil, reduce artificial disturbance, start observation;
D, observe 10-20 days or a dust and sand weather after, sample to observation station, first top cover (4) is rotated counterclockwise and is taken off, take out sand-storing box group (14), sack on sleeve (13) top and sand-storing box group main header casing, prevent that dust storm from entering, turn on one by one the shutoff screw (23) of sand-storing box group (14) bottom, husky sample is collected in sample sack or box, and the corresponding direction of mark, then the shutoff screw (23) of screwing on again one by one, the sack that sleeve (13) top and sand-storing box group main header casing is removed, put into sand-storing box group (14) and top cover (4), restart observation,
E, use after a period of time, sediment transport visualizer is taken out, in cleaning sleeve (13), collection is husky, backs out base plate (20) fixed screw, unloads lower shoe, pours out collection husky, and then base plate is loaded onto.
CN201210245155.2A 2012-07-16 2012-07-16 Omni-directional sand transport monitoring method Expired - Fee Related CN102735417B (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103759914B (en) * 2014-01-24 2017-07-28 北京师范大学 A kind of comprehensive layering earth's surface sand and dust collector
CN108801587B (en) * 2018-05-23 2023-06-20 水利部牧区水利科学研究所 Rotatable vermicular sand amount collector for measuring different incoming wind directions
CN112033630B (en) * 2019-06-04 2022-05-31 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 Rotary combined gradient sand collector

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