CN102725484A - 用于操纵换气阀的凸轮随动件 - Google Patents

用于操纵换气阀的凸轮随动件 Download PDF

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CN102725484A
CN102725484A CN201080062352XA CN201080062352A CN102725484A CN 102725484 A CN102725484 A CN 102725484A CN 201080062352X A CN201080062352X A CN 201080062352XA CN 201080062352 A CN201080062352 A CN 201080062352A CN 102725484 A CN102725484 A CN 102725484A
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CN102725484B (zh
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斯特凡·莫克
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Schaeffler Holding China Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
    • F01L1/14—Tappets; Push rods
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
    • F01L1/18—Rocking arms or levers
    • F01L1/185—Overhead end-pivot rocking arms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/20—Adjusting or compensating clearance
    • F01L1/22—Adjusting or compensating clearance automatically, e.g. mechanically
    • F01L1/24—Adjusting or compensating clearance automatically, e.g. mechanically by fluid means, e.g. hydraulically
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F01L13/0015—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
    • F01L13/0036—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque the valves being driven by two or more cams with different shape, size or timing or a single cam profiled in axial and radial direction
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    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M1/00—Pressure lubrication
    • F01M1/06—Lubricating systems characterised by the provision therein of crankshafts or connecting rods with lubricant passageways, e.g. bores
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M9/00—Lubrication means having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01M1/00 - F01M7/00
    • F01M9/10—Lubrication of valve gear or auxiliaries
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
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    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2305/00—Valve arrangements comprising rollers
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    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/20—Control lever and linkage systems
    • Y10T74/20576—Elements
    • Y10T74/20882—Rocker arms
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于操纵内燃机的换气阀的凸轮随动件（1、1’），所述凸轮随动件带有壳体（2、2’）和支承在壳体的空隙（4）中的用于接触凸轮轴的凸轮的凸轮滚子（3），其中，该凸轮滚子借助于在其轴承孔（13）中分布的滚针轴承（12）径向支承在轴承销钉（8）上，并且滚针轴承的宽度（B1）明显大于凸轮滚子在凸轮接触的区域中的宽度（B2）。在此，滚针轴承的宽度明显大于凸轮滚子在轴承孔的区域中的宽度并且明显大于滚子挨靠面（17、17’）的净间距（B3），所述滚子挨靠面限定空隙，并且凸轮滚子以其端面（16）轴向挨靠所述滚子挨靠面。

Description

用于操纵换气阀的凸轮随动件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于操纵内燃机的换气阀的凸轮随动件，该凸轮随动件带有壳体和支承在壳体的空隙中且用于接触凸轮轴的凸轮的凸轮滚子。凸轮滚子借助于在其轴承孔中分布的滚针轴承径向支承在跨越空隙且支承在壳体处的销钉上，并且滚针轴承的宽度明显大于凸轮滚子在凸轮接触的区域中的宽度。
背景技术
带有此类凸轮滚子的凸轮随动件由被看作该类型的DE 101 21798 A1公知，并且尤其地适合在带有可轴向移动的凸轮组的行程可变的气门机构中使用，凸轮组的不同的凸轮突起借助于凸轮随动件选择性地传递到换气阀上。为了确保相邻的（也就是说当前不与凸轮滚子处在接合中的）凸轮相对凸轮滚子的需要的自由活动空隙，并且同时确保，滚针支承结构中的赫兹压力不超过允许的负荷极限，凸轮滚子在凸轮接触的区域中的宽度大致上相当于凸轮的宽度，并且在滚针轴承的区域中相当于滚针轴承的、明显大于凸轮宽度的宽度。换而言之，由所引用的现有技术公知的凸轮随动件设有在两侧、在直径上分梯级的凸轮滚子，该凸轮滚子的直径梯级具有相应大的宽度。
发明内容
本发明的目的是，给出一种开头所提及的类型的凸轮随动件，其带有在制造技术上较有利的凸轮滚子。
该目的的解决方案由权利要求1的标明的特征得出，而本发明的有利的改进方案和设计方案可由从属权利要求得悉。相应地，滚针轴承的宽度比凸轮滚子在轴承孔的区域中的宽度明显要大且适宜地大30%至60%，并且明显大于限定空隙的滚子挨靠面的净间距，凸轮滚子以其端面轴向挨靠滚子挨靠面。不同于在先前所引用的现有技术于是作如下设置，即，无保持架的全滚子的滚针轴承或保持架引导的滚针轴承从轴承孔中伸出。该根据本发明的设计方案的基础是如下情况，即，滚针轴承的相对强烈弯曲的内滚道处的赫兹压力明显大于滚针轴承的相对少地弯曲的外滚道处的赫兹压力，从而使得，凸轮滚子在轴承孔的区域中的宽度（也就是外滚道的宽度）可明显小于滚针轴承的、对于赫兹压力而言决定性的宽度（也就是内滚道的宽度）地定义尺寸。
在制造技术上特别优选的情况中，凸轮滚子应具有平整的端面。这意味着，凸轮滚子在凸轮接触的区域中并且在轴承孔的区域中等宽，并且（除了向凸轮接触面和向轴承孔的过渡倒角或倒圆）不具有在制造技术上高消耗的直径梯级。
凸轮滚子在空隙内的轴向引导通过滚子挨靠面进行，滚子挨靠面的净间距明显小于滚针轴承的宽度并且被选择为使得凸轮滚子以预先给定的轴向间隙支承在空隙中。滚子挨靠面优选地被如此地定位，使得，凸轮滚子和滚针轴承具有共同的对称横向平面。在忽略滚针轴承与凸轮滚子的轴向间隙的情形中，也就是说，滚针轴承的、超出轴承孔的轴向的超出部在凸轮滚子的两个端面处是相等的。然而作为替代，滚子挨靠面同样可如此地定位，使得凸轮滚子关于滚针轴承偏心地运转，从而例如滚针轴承仅在凸轮滚子的如下的端面处从其轴承孔中伸出，在所述端面处需要用于相邻的凸轮的自由活动空隙。
滚针轴承可以要么直接地在轴承销钉上要么在被轴承销钉承接的轴套上滚动，该轴套优选径向滑动地在轴承销钉上受承接。
凸轮随动件是受直线引导的挺杆或在中间或者在端侧被可摆动地受支承的摇臂、平衡杆或气门压杆。在气门压杆中，其纵向的壳体在其第一端部区段处应具有用于容纳可摆动地支承气门压杆的支撑元件的铰接头的铰接窝，在其第二端部区段处具有用于换气阀的操纵面，并且在其中间区段中具有两个限定空隙并且支撑轴承销钉的壳体区段，滚子挨靠面分布在所述壳体区段处。
鉴于有利的制造成本，壳体应是带有呈U形的横截面造型的钢板成型件，该钢板成型件由在凸轮滚子两侧分布的侧壁和连接侧壁的带有铰接窝和操纵面的底板组合成。在此，底板设有用于凸轮滚子的开口，且滚子挨靠面由开口的在壳体区段的纵向上分布的内棱边构成。在一种对此备选的设计方案中，滚子挨靠面由在侧壁的彼此相向的内侧上的逐点的突起构成。当每个侧壁一个突起对于凸轮滚子的轴向的引导而言足够时，每个侧壁同样可设置多个突起。适宜地通过侧壁的模制产生的突起可相对凸轮滚子的端面处在点的或面的接触中。
呈U形的横截面造型优选地如此地指向，使得，关于底板侧壁和铰接窝在相同的方向上突起。换言之，凸轮随动件的U形造型向着换气阀封闭。作为替代，也可设置有朝向换气阀敞开的U形造型（相反的U形造型），其中侧壁和铰接窝沿相反的方向突起。
附图说明
本发明的另外的特征由下面的描述且由如下附图得出，在所述附图中在两个气门压杆的示例中示出本发明。其中：
图1以斜上方的透视性视图形式示出第一气门压杆；
图2以斜下方的透视性视图形式示出第一气门压杆；
图3以仰视图形式示出第一气门压杆；
图4以透视性的视图形式示出作为细部的气门压杆的凸轮滚子支承；
图5以俯视图形式示出根据图4的凸轮滚子支承，和
图6以横截面形式示出第二气门压杆的壳体。
具体实施方式
在图1至3中以不同的视图形式公布了一种用于内燃机的换气气门机构的根据本发明的凸轮随动件的第一个实施例。构造成气门压杆1的凸轮随动件包括由板材在冷成型过程中制成的纵向的壳体2和凸轮滚子3，该凸轮滚子在壳体2的空隙4中受支承，并且用于凸轮轴的凸轮的低摩擦的接触。壳体2在其第一端部区段处具有用于容纳可摆动地支承气门压杆1的球形的铰接头的支承元件的球冠式的铰接窝5，在其第二端部区段处具有用于换气阀的操纵面6，并且在其中间区段中具有两个限定空隙4的壳体区段7，在所述壳体区段中借助于端侧的压合部支撑跨越空隙4且径向支承凸轮滚子3的轴承销钉8。
壳体2具有呈U形的横截面造型，该横截面造型由在凸轮滚子3两侧分布的侧壁9和连接侧壁9的、带有铰接窝5和操纵面6的底板10组合成。横截面造型朝向换气阀封闭，并且因此如此地指向，使得，关于底板10侧壁9和铰接窝5在相同的方向上突起。底板10设有用于凸轮滚子3的开口11。
根据图4，凸轮滚子3在轴承销钉8上的支承不仅借助于全滚子的（也就是说无保持架的）、外滚道由凸轮滚子3的轴承孔13构成的滚针轴承12，而且借助于径向滑动地被承接在轴承销钉8上的、并且构成滚针轴承12的内滚道的轴套14实现。由图5清楚地看到，滚针轴承12的宽度B1不仅明显大于凸轮滚子3在凸轮接触的区域中的宽度B2（也就是说其外表面15的宽度），而且也明显大于凸轮滚子3在其轴承孔13的区域中的同一宽度B2，从而滚针轴承12和轴套14相对于凸轮滚子3的此处平整地构造成的端面16伸出。此时，B1比B2大约40%。
在图3中绘制的尺寸标注显示，在内部挨靠侧壁9的滚针轴承12的宽度B1也明显大于滚子与挨靠面17的净间距B3，凸轮滚子3以其端面16轴向挨靠在所述挨靠面处。滚子挨靠面17由开口11的沿壳体区段7的纵向分布的内棱边构成，并且被如此地定位，使得凸轮滚子3、滚针轴承12和轴套14具有共同的对称横向平面。在忽略各的轴向间隙（凸轮滚子3的、在空隙4中的轴向间隙通过B3-B2的差给定）的情形中，也就是说，滚针轴承12的和轴套14的、超出轴承孔13的超出部在凸轮滚子3的两个端面16处相同。
根据本发明的凸轮随动件的第二实施例由图6得知，在该图中以横截面仅示出了同样构造成气门压杆1’的凸轮随动件的壳体2’。气门压杆1’仅通过滚子挨靠面17’区别于气门压杆1，滚子挨靠面17’在该情况中通过在侧壁9’的朝向彼此的内侧上的模制的点状突起构成。
关于滚子挨靠面的另外的（但未示出的）备选方案在于，侧壁9的间距不是在壳体2的第二端部区段处（如在图3中示出的那样），而是已在其中间区段中，缩小到宽度B3上。在该情况中，凸轮滚子3的端面16轴向挨靠在侧壁的彼此靠拢的内侧处。
附图标记
1.凸轮随动件/气门压杆
2.壳体
3.凸轮滚子
4.空隙
5.铰接窝
6.操纵面
7.壳体区段
8.轴承销钉
9.侧壁
10.底板
11.开口
12.滚针轴承
13.轴承孔
14.轴套
15.凸轮滚子的外表面
16.凸轮滚子的端面
17.滚子挨靠面
B1滚针轴承的宽度
B2凸轮滚子的宽度
B3滚子挨靠面的净间距

Claims (10)

1.用于操纵内燃机的换气阀的凸轮随动件（1、1’），所述凸轮随动件带有壳体（2、2’）和支承在所述壳体（2、2’）的空隙（4）中的用于接触凸轮轴的凸轮的凸轮滚子（3），其中，所述凸轮滚子（3）借助于在其轴承孔（13）中分布的滚针轴承（12）径向支承在跨越所述空隙（4）且支撑在所述壳体（2、2’）处的轴承销钉（8）上，并且所述滚针轴承（12）的宽度（B1）明显大于所述凸轮滚子（3）在凸轮接触的区域中的宽度（B2），其特征在于，所述滚针轴承（12）的宽度（B1）明显大于所述凸轮滚子（3）在所述轴承孔（13）的区域中的宽度（B2），并且明显大于滚子挨靠面（17、17’）的净间距（B3），所述滚子挨靠面限定所述空隙（4），并且所述凸轮滚子（3）以其端面（16）轴向挨靠所述滚子挨靠面。
2.根据权利要求1所述的凸轮随动件，其特征在于，所述凸轮滚子（3）的端面（16）平整地构造。
3.根据权利要求1所述的凸轮随动件，其特征在于，所述滚子挨靠面（17、17’）被定位为使得所述凸轮滚子（3）和所述滚针轴承（12）具有共同的对称横向平面。
4.根据权利要求1所述的凸轮随动件，其特征在于，所述滚针轴承（12）的宽度（B1）比所述凸轮滚子（3）在所述轴承孔（13）的区域中的宽度（B2）大30%至60%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的凸轮随动件，其特征在于，所述滚针轴承（12）在被承接在所述轴承销钉（8）上的轴套（14）上滚动。
6.根据权利要求5所述的凸轮随动件，其特征在于，所述轴套（14）径向滑动地承接在所述轴承销钉（8）上。
7.根据权利要求1所述的凸轮随动件，其特征在于，所述凸轮随动件构造成气门压杆（1），所述气门压杆的纵向的壳体（2）在其第一端部区段处具有铰接窝（5）用于容纳以可摆动的方式支承所述气门压杆（1）的支承元件的铰接头，在其第二端部区段处具有用于所述换气阀的操纵面（6），并且在其中间区段中具有两个限定所述空隙（4）且支撑所述轴承销钉（8）的壳体区段（7），所述滚子挨靠面（17）分布在所述壳体区段处。
8.根据权利要求7所述的凸轮随动件，其特征在于，所述壳体（2）是带有U形横截面造型的钢板成型件，其由在所述凸轮滚子（3）两侧分布的侧壁（9）和连接所述侧壁（9）且带有所述铰接窝（5）和所述操纵面（6）的底板（10）组合而成，其中，所述底板（10）设有用于所述凸轮滚子（3）的开口（11），并且所述滚子挨靠面（17）由所述开口（11）的沿所述壳体区段（7）的纵向分布的内棱边构成。
9.根据权利要求7所述的凸轮随动件，其特征在于，所述壳体（2’）是带有U形横截面造型的钢板成型件，其由在所述凸轮滚子（3）两侧分布的侧壁（9’）和连接所述侧壁（9’）且带有所述铰接窝（5）和所述操纵面（6）的底板（10）组合而成，其中，所述滚子挨靠面（17’）由在所述侧壁（9’）的彼此相向的内侧上的点状的突起构成。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的凸轮随动件，其特征在于，所述U形横截面造型被定向为使得所述侧壁（9、9’）和所述铰接窝（5）相对于所述底板（10）在相同的方向上突起。
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