CN1027251C - 制备高纯度、单分散憎水超细二氧化硅颗粒的方法 - Google Patents

制备高纯度、单分散憎水超细二氧化硅颗粒的方法 Download PDF

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CN1027251C
CN1027251C CN 90103145 CN90103145A CN1027251C CN 1027251 C CN1027251 C CN 1027251C CN 90103145 CN90103145 CN 90103145 CN 90103145 A CN90103145 A CN 90103145A CN 1027251 C CN1027251 C CN 1027251C
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active agent
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high purity
organic solvent
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CN1057818A (zh
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唐芳琼
李津茹
袁金锁
江龙
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Institute of Photographic Chemistry of CAS
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Abstract

本发明属于制备憎水SiO2颗粒的方法,将干的SiO2粉末在阳离子型或非离子型表面活性剂存在下加入有机溶剂经超声分散或振动分散,表面活性剂被吸附而使颗粒憎水,多余的表面活性剂可以用逆流层析法除去,经这样制备的SiO2具有单分散、高纯度的特点。

Description

本发明属于制备憎水二氧化硅(SiO2)颗粒的一种技术。超细憎水SiO2(直径<500nm)可以用在许多重要的化工过程中,例如,可作为催化剂的载体,色谱柱的填料以及各种各样的塑料和涂料的填料。在医学领域的研究中也具特别意义。
文献中有许多方法制备憎水SiO2颗粒,迄今为止,大量使用的方法是将硅酸酯(例如Si(OC2H54)水解,然后用醇进行酯化憎水制得,即Stober(WERNER STOBER,ARTHUR FINK,Journal of Interface Science26,(62-69)(1968))和Vanhelden(A.K.VANHELDEN,J.W.JANSEN,and A.VRIJ,Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,Vol.81,No.2,June1981(354-368))的方法,但这种方法原料昂贵,过程繁复,且提纯方法十分费时。
本发明的目的是提供一种制备憎水SiO2颗粒的方法。将市售干的亲水SiO2粉末,粒度在0.5μm以下,经过含有表面活性剂的有机溶剂处理分散,本发明所使用的表面活性剂是阳离子型或非离子型,其HLB值低于10,本发明使用的有机溶剂是环己烷、氯仿、苯、甲苯或直链烷等,超细SiO2粉末与表面活性剂的用量比是5∶1-1∶5,有机溶剂与表面活性剂用量之比为100∶0.05-100∶5,将含有表面活性剂的SiO2有机悬浮体用超声分散或振动分散。经这样处理后,表面活性剂能够吸附在SiO2表面上,而使SiO2表面憎水,从而能在油相中分散,形成淡乳白色以至透明无色的悬浮体。这种悬浮体有时会聚集成很粗的、不规则的聚集团,这主要是在分散体系中,除憎水SiO2外,还有部分多余的表面活性剂,如何将多余的表面活性剂分离除去呢?从六十年代起,Y.ITO发 明了一种新的分离方法-逆流层析法[Ito Y.,et a1医科器械杂志(日),36-7,1(1966);Ito Y.,J.Chromategr.,214(1),122(1981)]。经过二十多年的发展,这种方法综合逆流分布法和液相层析法的优点[Instrument Highlights,Science,Vol.212.No.4491,150(1981)],又克服了二者的主要缺点,这种分离方法既不用固定支持体,又实现了较高效率的连续分配分离,使用仪器简单,操作和清洗方便,溶剂用量较少,这种方法可以用于分离离子、分子、大分子、细胞粒子,我们首次用该分离方法,将超细固体粒子和伴随多余表面活性剂分子分离,用水相做为固定相,将含有憎水SiO2的有机相做为流动相,经过逆流层析仪,成功地将憎水超细SiO2颗粒和多余的表面活性剂分开,从而得到憎水SiO2颗粒。其杂质含量不超过2%。
单分散的SiO2颗粒粒径在5-500nm。
本发明的实施例:
例(1)
正己烷    100ml
span(司班)80    0.30g
SiO2粉末(市售白碳黑) 0.50g
超声分散    15分钟
逆流层析条件选择:
溶剂*** 正己烷∶H2O(1∶1)
(上相作流动相)
转速    300rpm
流速    20ml/h
检测波长    232nm
样品量    取上述制备样品4ml
例(2)
正己烷    100ml
司班(80)    1.0g
SiO2粉末 1.5g
超声分散    30分钟
逆流层析条件选择:
溶剂*** 正己烷∶H2O(1∶1)
转速    250rpm
流速    60ml/h
检测波长    232nm
样品量    取上述制备样品5ml
例(3)
正己烷    100ml
司班(80)    0.1g
SiO2粉末 0.05g
振动器振动分散    15分钟
逆流层析条件选择:同例(2)
流速    15ml/h
样品    用上述分散样品100ml
先用固定相(H2O)充满管系,再慢慢压入样品
例(4)
环己烷    100ml
司班(85)    0.2g
SiO2粉末 0.2g
超声分散    20分钟
逆流层析条件选择:同例(1)
例(5)
样品制备:用Stober和Vanhelden的方法分别制备粒径15nm和500nm的SiO2
颗粒逆流层析条件选择:
溶剂*** 三氯甲烷∶环己烷∶H2O(3∶2∶5)
转速    150rpm
流速    20ml/h
样品    200ml
同例(3)先用固定相(下相H2O)充满管系,再慢慢压入分离样品,图1是例1的紫外监测分离谱图,分别从峰顶1处和峰底2处取分离样品,用UV8451型光谱仪进行紫外检测,图2是取图1中1处的样品的紫外检测谱图,216代表SiO2吸收峰,260代表司班吸收峰,图3是图1中2处的样品的紫外检测图谱,表示SiO2和表面活性剂已很好分离,所得SiO2粒径为30nm,图4是例2的监测分离光谱图,分别收集3和4处的样品,用UV8451型光谱仪进行紫外检测,图5是收集图4中3处的样品的紫外检测图谱,表示表面活性剂已被很好分离,图6为收集图4中4处的样品的紫外检测图谱表示SiO2和表面活性剂已很好分离。

Claims (2)

1、一种制备高纯度单分散憎水超细SiO2颗粒的方法,其特征是将干的SiO2粉末,在有阳离子型或非离子型表面活性剂(其HLB值低于10)存在下分散在有机溶剂中,经超声分散或振动分散,SiO2粉末与表面活性剂的用量之比为5∶1-1∶5,有机溶剂与表面活性剂用量之比100∶0.05-100∶5,然后将含有表面活性剂的有机悬浮体经过逆流层析分离去除过量的表面活性剂和聚集的大颗粒,得到单分散的SiO2颗粒,其粒径在5-500nm,SiO2所含杂质不超过2%。
2、根据权利要求1所说的方法,其特征在于有机溶剂是指环己烷、氯仿、苯、甲苯或直链烷。
CN 90103145 1990-06-29 1990-06-29 制备高纯度、单分散憎水超细二氧化硅颗粒的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1027251C (zh)

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