CN102723502A - Surface modification method for raising activity of electrode material of vanadium cell - Google Patents
Surface modification method for raising activity of electrode material of vanadium cell Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention, relating to the field of cell manufacturing and energy storage, discloses a surface modification method for raising the activity of an electrode material of a vanadium cell, comprising the following steps: firstly cleaning the electrode material of the vanadium cell to remove surface impurities, then carrying out modification treatment of the electrode material by using plasma, reacting the gas which generates plasma with the electrode surface under ionization state to generate polar functional groups; and finally carrying out ultrasonic cleaning on the modified electrode material for 5-30 min and drying at 60-120 DEG C. According to the invention, by using the method of the invention to carry out surface modification on the electrode material of the vanadium cell, the hydrophilcity of the electrode surface is enhanced, partial polar functional groups has good catalytic influence on electrode reaction, and the energy storage efficiency of the cell is expected to increase. The method can be used for processing material surfaces with various morphologies and can keep mechanical properties and the like of material matrixes, the experiment condition are easy to control and the method has no pollution to environment. The method is efficient and environmentally friendly.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to battery manufacturing and energy field of storage, be specially a kind of surface modifying method that improves vanadium cell electrode material activity.
Background technology
Vanadium redox battery (vanadium cell) is the secondary power system that utilizes the redox reaction between the vanadium ion of different valence state to carry out energy storage and conversion.Be characterized in: but no exhaust emission, capacity is adjustable, the degree of depth that has extended cycle life high current density discharge, charging rapidly, energy transformation ratio is high.Vanadium cell is mainly used in the accumulation power supply of peak-load regulation, extensive opto-electronic conversion, wind power generation as accumulation power supply and as the outlying district energy-storage system, uninterrupted power supply or emergency power system.
At present, the electrode material that vanadium cell uses is mainly the graphite felt carbon felt of carbon element class, and this material has that resistivity is low, good stability, advantage that specific area is big.But the vanadium cell electrode reaction is active relatively low its surface, so need carry out activation processing to it, improves electro-chemical activity and battery performance.
At present the more activating treatment method of report comprises: noble metal decorated, acid activation processing, electrochemistry sun facture etc.Noble metal decorated, complicated steps needs high temperature sintering, only is confined to use in the laboratory scope.The thermal activation treatment operating flexibility is little, and oxidation reaction is not easy control, and over oxidation reduces the stability and the useful life of electrode material.The effect that acid activation is handled is not fairly obvious.And the electrochemical treatments rule is simple and easy to do, and effect is obvious.But use sulfuric acid to be electrolyte at present, can cause the fiber surface oxidation reaction more violent, acid medium is to the promotion effect of oxidative degradation in addition, and fiber surface etching phenomenon is serious, can reduce the useful life of material.
Summary of the invention
Heat treatment that exists in the prior art of the present invention and acid treatment cause the peroxidating of material easily and make that electrode material stability decreases, battery life reduce etc. weak point and problems such as noble metal decorated numerous and diverse step and high temperature sintering influence; The object of the present invention is to provide that a kind of method technology is simple, treatment conditions relax; Be easy to control, the surface modifying method of the raising vanadium electricity electrode material activity of environmentally safe.
Technical scheme of the present invention does;
A kind of surface modifying method that improves vanadium cell electrode material activity comprises the steps and process:
1) material surface impurity is removed in preliminary treatment;
2) form polar functional group in electrode material surface: using plasma carries out modification to electrode material to be handled; The gas that produces plasma is under the ionized state and reacts with electrode surface; And the generation polar functional group, the plasma gas operating pressure is 10～200Pa;
The gas that wherein produces plasma is one or more mists in oxygen, nitrogen, fluorine gas, chlorine, ammonia or the sulfurous gas;
3) advanced step 2) electrode material of modification, adopt ultrasonic cleaning 5-30min, and under 60～120 ℃ temperature, dry.
Step 2) the ionic medium body technology is microwave plasma, radio frequency plasma or direct-current plasma.
Adopting microwave plasma is 10～300S in the processing time that electrode material surface forms polar functional group, and gas flow is 200mL/min～4L/min, and power is 200～2000W.
Adopting the parameter of radio frequency plasma is that power is 50～300W, and gas flow is 10～200mL/min, and the processing time is 10～300S.
Adopt the parameter at electrode material surface formation polar functional group of direct-current plasma to do, the discharge spacing is controlled at 3～5cm, and the processing time is 10～300S, and operating voltage is 10-200V.
Said electrode material is selected from graphite felt, charcoal felt, graphite cake or carbon paper.
Said graphite felt thickness is 2mm～6mm, is chosen as in polyacrylonitrile-radical graphite felt, viscose glue base graphite felt, cellulose base graphite felt or the asphaltic base graphite felt any one.
Carbon felt thickness is 1～20mm, is selected from polyacrylonitrile-based carbon felt, viscose glue base carbon felt, cellulose base carbon felt or the pitch base carbon felt any one.
Graphite cake thickness is 1-10mm, analyzes pure graphite cake or spectroscopically pure graphite plate for being selected from.
Carbon paper thickness is 0.5-10mm.
The step 1) preliminary treatment is the ultrasonic soaking and washing 10～50min of process deionized water, and then in 80～120 ℃ of oven dry, drying time is 1～8 hour.
The surface action degree of depth of the electrode material of modification is 5～200nm.
Polar functional group comprises one or more in the functional group of hydroxyl, carboxyl, nitrogenous, fluorine-containing and/or sulfur-bearing.
The gases used high-purity gas that is of the present invention.
The present invention has following advantage and technique effect:
The vanadium cell that proposes of the present invention with the method for modifying of electrode material can be pointed the physicochemical properties of change electrode material surface; Through introducing the water-wet behavior that polar functional group etc. improves material surface; The introducing of segment polarity group can also have certain catalytic action to electrode reaction; Thereby the electrode reaction area is increased, and the invertibity of electrode reaction is improved, and improves the energy storage efficiency of battery;
2. the method for plasma processing that proposes of the present invention can be handled the sample surfaces of various patterns, with respect to the more wet-chemical treatment technology of present use; Plasma treatment process can save indispensable oven dry, processes such as liquid waste processing, and also treatment process is simple; Parameter is controlled well; Can not use strong acid, the raw material that highly basic etc. have corrosivity and are difficult to handle, environmentally safe;
3. the present invention the apparatus for processing plasma structure that will use comparatively simple, and can handle continuously electrode material, the efficient of processing is higher, possesses the potentiality of industrial applications;
4. cheap, the easy operating of the inventive method can be realized controllable temperature and the modification of vanadium cell with electrode material surface, the etching of slowing down fiber surface when increasing the activity of electrode, the useful life of improving electrode material.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that vanadium cell is with the electromicroscopic photograph of electrode material among the embodiment 2, and wherein Fig. 1 a is a polyacrylonitrile-radical graphite felt before the modification, and Fig. 1 b is the polyacrylonitrile-radical graphite felt after the modification;
Fig. 2 is the sketch map of RF plasma processing electrode material;
Fig. 3 is graphite felt and the comparison diagram of untreated graphite felt cyclic voltammetric after embodiment 3 ammonia radio frequency plasmas are handled.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
1) is that the polyacrylonitrile-based carbon felt material of 4mm is put into deionized water for ultrasonic and cleaned 20min with thickness, puts into baking oven, be stored in the drier subsequent use in 75 ℃ of oven dry 3 hours.
2) electrode material in the step 1) of handling well is put into the radio frequency plasma surface modification device.The structure of radio frequency plasma surface modification device is as shown in Figure 2; Wherein in the reative cell d sample stage is installed; Sample stage below is circumscribed with the earth terminal of radio freqnency generator a through radio frequency electrode c, and the electrode above the sample stage in the other end of radio freqnency generator a and the reative cell d is connected.During to the electrode material modification, electrode material is placed on the sample stage as sample b.Through air feed and vacuum system reative cell is vacuumized, feed reacting gas oxygen then, keep reative cell gas system pressure 100Pa, the processing time is 100S, and gas flow is 50mL/min, and instrument power is controlled at 100W.
3) will pass through step 2) the carbon felt material through ultrasonic cleaning 5Min, take out 100 ℃ of oven dry of baking oven 3 hours, can be as the electrode material of vanadium cell, assembled battery.
Embodiment 2
Be with the difference of embodiment 1:
1) is that the graphite felt of the polyacrylonitrile-radical of 4mm is put into deionized water for ultrasonic and cleaned 20min with thickness, puts into baking oven, be stored in the drier subsequent use in 75 ℃ of oven dry 3 hours.
2) electrode material in the step 1) of handling well is put into the radio frequency plasma surface modification device.Through air feed and vacuum system reative cell is vacuumized, feed reacting gas nitrogen then, keep reative cell gas system pressure 150Pa, the processing time is from 100S.Gas flow is 100mL/Min.Instrument power is controlled at 200W.
3) will pass through step 2) graphite felt ultrasonic cleaning 5Min, take out 100 ℃ of oven dry of baking oven 3 hours, can be as the electrode material of vanadium cell, assembled battery.
Embodiment 3
Be with the difference of embodiment 1:
1) is that the graphite felt of the polyacrylonitrile-radical of 4mm is put into deionized water for ultrasonic and cleaned 20min with thickness, puts into baking oven, be stored in the drier subsequent use in 75 ℃ of oven dry 3 hours.
2) electrode material in the step 1) of handling well is put into the radio frequency plasma surface modification device; Through air feed and vacuum system reative cell is vacuumized; Feed the reacting gas ammonia then, keep reative cell gas system pressure 100Pa, the processing time is from 300S.Gas flow is 100ml/min.Instrument power is controlled at 200w.
3) with step 2) in graphite felt material ultrasonic cleaning 5Min, take out 100 ℃ of oven dry of baking oven 3 hours, can be as the electrode material of vanadium cell, assembled battery.
Embodiment 4
1) is that the graphite felt of the polyacrylonitrile-radical of 4mm is put into deionized water for ultrasonic and cleaned 20min with thickness, puts into baking oven, be stored in the drier subsequent use in 75 ℃ of oven dry 3 hours.
2) electrode material in the step 1) of handling well is put into the radio frequency plasma surface modification device; Through air feed and vacuum system reative cell is vacuumized; Feed reacting gas chlorine then, keep reative cell gas system pressure 50Pa, the processing time is from 100S.Gas flow is 50ml/min.Instrument power is controlled at 100w.
3) with step 2) middle graphite felt ultrasonic cleaning 5Min, take out 100 ℃ of oven dry of baking oven 3 hours, can be as the electrode material of vanadium cell, assembled battery.
Embodiment 5
1) is that the graphite felt material of the polyacrylonitrile-radical of 4mm is put into deionized water for ultrasonic and cleaned 20min with thickness, puts into baking oven, be stored in the drier subsequent use in 75 ℃ of oven dry 3 hours.
2) electrode material in the step 1) of handling well is put into the radio frequency plasma surface modification device.Through air feed and vacuum system reative cell is vacuumized, feed the mist of reacting gas oxygen and nitrogen then, gas ratio is 1: 1, before the feeding gas, earlier gas is fully mixed in mixing gas tank.Keep reative cell gas system pressure 200Pa, the processing time is from 100S.Gas flow is 60ml/min.Instrument power is controlled at 100w.
3) with step 2) in graphite felt material ultrasonic cleaning 5Min, take out 100 ℃ of oven dry of baking oven 3 hours, can be as the electrode material of vanadium cell, assembled battery.
Embodiment 6
1) is that the carbon paper material of the polyacrylonitrile-radical of 1mm is put into deionized water for ultrasonic and cleaned 30min with thickness, puts into baking oven, be stored in the drier subsequent use in 100 ℃ of oven dry 1 hour.
2) electrode material in the step 1) of handling well is put into the radio frequency plasma surface modification device.Through air feed and vacuum system reative cell is vacuumized, feed reacting gas nitrogen then, keep reative cell gas system pressure 100Pa, the processing time is from 200S.Gas flow is 100ml/min.Instrument power is controlled at 300w.
3) with step 2) in carbon paper material ultrasonic cleaning 5Min, take out 100 ℃ of oven dry of baking oven 3 hours, can be as the electrode material of vanadium cell, assembled battery.
Embodiment 7
1) is that the carbon paper material of the polyacrylonitrile-radical of 1mm is put into deionized water for ultrasonic and cleaned 30min with thickness, puts into baking oven, be stored in the drier subsequent use in 100 ℃ of oven dry 1 hour.
2) electrode material in the step 1) of handling well is put into the microwave plasma surface modification device; Through air feed and vacuum system reative cell is vacuumized; Feed reacting gas nitrogen then, keep reative cell gas system pressure 150Pa, the processing time is from 50S.Gas flow is 200mL/min.Instrument power is controlled at 500w.
3) with step 2) in carbon paper material ultrasonic cleaning 5Min, take out 100 ℃ of oven dry of baking oven 3 hours, can be as the electrode material of vanadium cell, assembled battery.
Embodiment 8
1) is that the spectroscopically pure graphite panel material of 4mm is put into deionized water for ultrasonic and cleaned 30min with thickness, puts into baking oven, be stored in the drier subsequent use in 100 ℃ of oven dry 1 hour.
2) electrode material in the step 1) of handling well is put into microwave plasma. surface modification device.Through air feed and vacuum system reative cell is vacuumized, feed reacting gas nitrogen then, keep reative cell gas system pressure 100Pa, the processing time is from 200S.Gas flow is 400mL/min.Instrument power is controlled at 400w.
3) with step 2) in graphite cake material ultrasonic cleaning 2Min, take out 100 ℃ of oven dry of baking oven 3 hours, can be as the electrode material of vanadium cell, assembled battery.
Embodiment 9
1) is that the spectroscopically pure graphite panel material of 4mm is put into deionized water for ultrasonic and cleaned 30min with thickness, puts into baking oven, be stored in the drier subsequent use in 100 ℃ of oven dry 1 hour.
2) electrode material in the step 1) of handling well is put into the direct-current plasma surface modification device; Through air feed and vacuum system reative cell is vacuumized; Feed reacting gas nitrogen then, keep reative cell gas system pressure 30Pa, the discharge spacing is 5cm; Operating voltage is 100 volts, and the processing time is from 100S.
3) with step 2) in graphite cake material ultrasonic cleaning 2Min, take out 100 ℃ of oven dry of baking oven 3 hours, can be as the electrode material of vanadium cell, assembled battery.
Embodiment 10
1) is that the polyacrylonitrile base carbon paper material of 1mm is put into deionized water for ultrasonic and cleaned 30min with thickness, puts into baking oven, be stored in the drier subsequent use in 100 ℃ of oven dry 1 hour.
2) electrode material in the step 1) of handling well is put into the direct-current plasma surface modification device.Through air feed and vacuum system reative cell is vacuumized, feed reacting gas nitrogen then, keep reative cell gas system pressure 160Pa, the discharge spacing is 4cm, and operating voltage is 200 volts, and the processing time is from 300S.
3) with step 2) in carbon paper material ultrasonic cleaning 5Min, take out 100 ℃ of oven dry of baking oven 3 hours, can be as the electrode material of vanadium cell, assembled battery.
Experimental example 1
Observe carrying out electronic scanner microscope before and after the electrode modification among the embodiment 1-10; See the electromicroscopic photograph of vanadium cell among the embodiment 2 with electrode material that be shown in Figure 1, Fig. 1 a is used graphite felt material, and Fig. 1 b is the graphite felt material after the plasma treatment; Can find out that carbon fiber surface after treatment is more coarse; Thereby its specific area is increased,, help improving the electro-chemical activity of electrode for vanadium ion provides more reacting environment.
Other embodiment all have the result same with embodiment 2, explain that the electrode material after the inventive method is handled can increase its surface area, help improving the electro-chemical activity of electrode.
Experimental example 2
With carrying out cyclic voltammetry test, sweep speed: 5mv/s before and after the electrode modification among the embodiment 1-10.
See shown in Figure 3; Be the result of embodiment 3, wherein 1# representes untreated electrode, and 2# representes the electrode after ammonia plasmas is handled; As can be seen from Figure 3; Through the graphite felt material behind the plasma modification, oxidation peak current is increased to 30.63 milliamperes from 28.62 milliamperes, and reduction peak current is increased to-27.53 milliamperes from-18.62 milliamperes.The peak electricity potential difference is less to 433 millivolts from 640 millivolts.The reduction peak of the electrode after the 2# Cement Composite Treated by Plasma and the peak value of oxidation peak are equal basically; And oxidation wave and reduction wave are symmetry status; Have this visible, the electro-chemical activity of treated graphite felt material improves greatly, has good invertibity; Be very beneficial for electrode active material and react in the above, will be expected to improve the energy storage efficiency of battery.
The peak value that the test result of other embodiment has reduction peak and oxidation peak equally is equal basically, and oxidation wave and reduction wave are the result of symmetry status; The electro-chemical activity of treated graphite felt material improves greatly, has good invertibity, is very beneficial for electrode active material and reacts in the above.
Claims (13)
1. surface modifying method that improves vanadium cell electrode material activity is characterized in that: comprise the steps and process:
1) material surface impurity is removed in preliminary treatment;
2) form polar functional group in electrode material surface: using plasma carries out modification to electrode material to be handled; The gas that produces plasma is under the ionized state and reacts with electrode surface; And the generation polar functional group, the plasma gas operating pressure is 10～200Pa;
The gas that wherein produces plasma is one or more mists in oxygen, nitrogen, fluorine gas, chlorine, ammonia or the sulfurous gas;
3) advanced step 2) electrode material of modification, adopt ultrasonic cleaning 5-30min, and under 60～120 ℃ temperature, dry.
2. the surface modifying treatment of raising vanadium cell electrode material activity according to claim 1 is characterized in that: step 2) the ionic medium body technology is microwave plasma, radio frequency plasma or direct-current plasma.
3. the surface modifying treatment of raising vanadium cell electrode material activity according to claim 2; It is characterized in that: adopting microwave plasma is 10～300S in the processing time that electrode material surface forms polar functional group; Gas flow is 200mL/min～4L/min, and power is 200～2000W.
4. the surface modifying treatment of raising vanadium cell electrode material activity according to claim 2 is characterized in that: adopting the parameter of radio frequency plasma is that power is 50～300W, and gas flow is 10～200mL/min, and the processing time is 10～300S.
5. the surface modifying treatment of raising vanadium cell electrode material activity according to claim 2; It is characterized in that: adopt the parameter at electrode material surface formation polar functional group of direct-current plasma to do; The discharge spacing is controlled at 3～5cm; Processing time is 10～300S, and operating voltage is 10～200 volts.
6. the surface modifying method of raising vanadium cell electrode material activity according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said electrode material is selected from graphite felt, charcoal felt, graphite cake or carbon paper.
7. the surface modifying method of raising vanadium cell electrode material activity according to claim 6; It is characterized in that: said graphite felt thickness is 2mm～6mm, is chosen as in polyacrylonitrile-radical graphite felt, viscose glue base graphite felt, cellulose base graphite felt or the asphaltic base graphite felt any one.
8. the surface modifying method of raising vanadium cell electrode material activity according to claim 6 is characterized in that: carbon felt thickness is 1～20mm, is selected from polyacrylonitrile-based carbon felt, viscose glue base carbon felt, cellulose base carbon felt or the pitch base carbon felt any one.
9. the surface modifying method of raising vanadium cell electrode material activity according to claim 6 is characterized in that: graphite cake thickness is 1-10mm, analyzes pure graphite cake or spectroscopically pure graphite plate for being selected from.
10. the surface modifying method of raising vanadium cell electrode material activity according to claim 6 is characterized in that: carbon paper thickness is 0.5-10mm.
11. the surface modifying treatment of raising vanadium cell electrode material activity according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: the step 1) preliminary treatment is the ultrasonic soaking and washing 10～50min of process deionized water; In 80～120 ℃ of oven dry, drying time is 1～8 hour then.
12. the surface modifying treatment of raising vanadium cell electrode material activity according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the surface action degree of depth of the electrode material of modification is 5～200nm.
13. the surface modifying treatment of raising vanadium cell electrode material activity according to claim 1 is characterized in that: polar functional group comprises a kind of or two or more in the functional group of hydroxyl, carboxyl, nitrogenous, fluorine-containing and/or sulfur-bearing.
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| CN103268946A (en) * | 2013-06-03 | 2013-08-28 | 大连交通大学 | Flow battery graphite felt electrode sintering modification treatment method |
| CN104485461A (en) * | 2014-11-03 | 2015-04-01 | 刘奇 | Low-cost functionalized carbon felt preparation method |
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| CN108539211B (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2021-06-25 | 湖南农业大学 | Preparation method of fluoride salt modified multifunctional electrode material for vanadium battery |
| CN108091888A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-05-29 | 湖南省银峰新能源有限公司 | A kind of method of modifying of carbon felt for vanadium redox battery electrode |
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