CN102721947A - Efficient three-dimensional space-time adaptive clutter suppression method for airborne digital array radar - Google Patents

Efficient three-dimensional space-time adaptive clutter suppression method for airborne digital array radar Download PDF

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CN102721947A
CN102721947A CN201210195856XA CN201210195856A CN102721947A CN 102721947 A CN102721947 A CN 102721947A CN 201210195856X A CN201210195856X A CN 201210195856XA CN 201210195856 A CN201210195856 A CN 201210195856A CN 102721947 A CN102721947 A CN 102721947A
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pitching
pulse
clutter
array
dimensionality reduction
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CN102721947B (en
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沈明威
蒋德富
静大海
冯芸
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Hohai University HHU
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Abstract

The invention discloses an efficient three-dimensional space-time adaptive clutter suppression method for airborne digital array radar, and belongs to the field of suppression of clutters of airborne radar. In the method, a cascading mode is adopted for the airborne non-front lateral planar array radar working in a medium and high pulse repetition frequency (PRF) system, and the method includes designing a robust adaptive digital beam former (ADBF) in a pitching dimension of airspace to suppress short-range clusters at first; and designing a two-dimensional dimension-reduction space-time adaptive processor (STAP) in a direction-pulse field to further suppress long-range clutters. By the aid of the efficient three-dimensional space-time adaptive clutter suppression method, the clutters at various fuzzy distances of the airborne non-front lateral planar array radar can be effectively filtered, the convergence speed is fast, computational complexity is low, and the method is suitable for engineering application.

Description

The efficient three-dimensional space-time adaptive clutter suppression method of airborne Digital Array Radar
Technical field
The present invention relates to the efficient three-dimensional space-time adaptive clutter suppression method of a kind of airborne Digital Array Radar, belong to airborne radar clutter and suppress the field.
Background technology
Look work under the airborne radar, the land clutter frequency spectrum is wide, intensity is big, and it is the core means that improve detection performance that clutter is effectively suppressed.Handling (STAP) technology based on the two-dimentional space-time adaptive of orientation, spatial domain and time domain impulse sampling is the effective ways that airborne radar clutter suppresses, and just adopts this technology like the E2-D airborne early warn ing radar of the U.S..STAP is as a kind of statistical adaptive Processing Algorithm, only satisfies under independent same distribution (IID) condition performance at clutter and just can give full play to list of references [1-6].
Airborne radar generally adopts pulse Doppler (PD) system.When radar pulse repetition frequency (PRF) is selected medium-high frequency; Will have range ambiguity, in a range unit, can receive the noise signal of a plurality of rang rings this moment simultaneously, wherein the clutter of fuzzy distance is nearest for the first time; Intensity is maximum; List of references [4,14] is defined as the short range clutter, and its characteristic is conducted in-depth analysis.When airborne radar adopts the non-working side battle array; Short range clutter and far field clutter spectrum distribution trajector deviation are very big; And spectrum was exceedingly fast with range conversion when the short range clutter was empty, caused the serious non-stationary of noise performance of different distance unit, and the clutter rejection that two-dimentional STAP handles sharply descends.
To compensating the heterogeneity between the different distance door, like lists of references [7-13] such as self-adaptation angle-Doppler effect correction, registration compensation apart from the existing a lot of algorithms of non-stationary clutter.But under the range ambiguity condition, the far field clutter has constituted different clutter spectrum with the short range clutter, and backoff algorithm can't be taken into account the clutter of the fuzzy distance of each time simultaneously.Therefore, this type of algorithm can't improve the clutter rejection of follow-up two-dimentional STAP.
Summary of the invention
The present invention be directed under the high PRF system airborne non-positive side battle array Digital Array Radar and adopt traditional orientation-pulse domain two dimension STAP clutter rejection defect of insufficient; Based on pitching-orientation-pulse three-dimensional territory the efficient three-dimensional space-time adaptive clutter suppression method of a kind of airborne Digital Array Radar has been proposed; At first pitching dimension design robust ADBF processor suppresses the short range clutter in the spatial domain, designs two-dimentional dimensionality reduction STAP processor in orientation-pulse domain then and suppresses long-range clutter.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme for solving its technical matters:
The efficient three-dimensional space-time adaptive clutter suppression method of a kind of airborne Digital Array Radar comprises the steps:
1) pitching robust ADBF adaptive beam forms: to each row pitching linear array, dimensionality reduction forms pitching and wave beam and trim wave beam respectively, promptly
Figure 51572DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
（1）
M is antenna pitching dimension element number of array in the formula;
Figure 714635DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
is every output signal that is listed as
Figure 240294DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
individual array element in each pulse;
Figure 647004DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
is listed as pitching and the wave beam that forms behind M the array element dimensionality reduction for every,
Figure 879403DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
be the trim wave beam that forms behind M array element dimensionality reduction of every row; Pitching and wave beam
Figure 713366DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
and trim wave beam
Figure 740970DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
correspond to the product of every alignment battle array output signal of pitching and dimensionality reduction matrix , that is:
Figure 38276DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
（2）
Figure 43141DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
is the output signal of each array element of the every row of pitching in each pulse in the formula; is the conjugate transpose operational symbol;
Figure 229589DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
is transpose operator; After the dimension-reduction treatment of pitching spatial domain, adopt first zero filling pulse as training sample in order to the estimation self-adaptive weights, each array element of digital array received in signal and all only comprised short range clutter information this moment; When defining first zero filling reception of impulse signal of the every row pitching of
Figure 498897DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
individual range unit antenna array linear array is
Figure 674663DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
, and then every array unit's
Figure 662211DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
first zero filling pulse pitching of individual range unit and wave beam
Figure 886518DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
output signal and trim wave beam
Figure 275912DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
output signal are:
Figure 359930DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
（3）
According to the secondary lobe SLC principle that disappears mutually;
Figure 897090DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
individual range unit is offseted the short range clutter in pitching and the wave beam with the trim wave beam, and adaptive weight
Figure 925089DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
satisfies:
Figure 293622DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
（4）
Wherein
Figure 748875DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
is the mathematical expectation operational symbol; is the conjugate transpose operational symbol, then
Figure 73863DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
（5）
The trim beamformer output signal of
Figure 253882DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
individual range unit and vicinity
Figure 437738DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
first zero filling pulse of individual range unit is estimated to obtain after the every row dimension-reduction treatment of autocorrelation matrix in the formula
Figure 440777DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
employing; Generally get
Figure 869857DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
; I.e.
Figure 26031DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
,
Figure 885403DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
is
Figure 556556DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
individual range unit trim beamformer output signal;
Figure 540397DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
individual range unit and vicinity
Figure 570670DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
first zero filling pulse pitching of individual range unit and beamformer output signal and trim beamformer output signal are estimated to obtain after the every row dimension-reduction treatment of cross-correlation matrix
Figure 464469DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
employing; Generally get
Figure 666802DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
; I.e.
Figure 440723DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
,
Figure 368227DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
is
Figure 569402DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
individual range unit pitching and beamformer output signal;
By formula (2), (3), (4), (5), each row pitching linear array of
Figure 152830DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
individual range unit is realized that the adaptive weight
Figure 730442DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
that the short range clutter suppresses is:
（6）
Therefore; Adopt adaptive weight
Figure 955252DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
Pulse by Pulse to carry out pitching filtering to each alignment battle array of
Figure 822211DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
individual range unit; Just can effectively suppress the short range clutter in each pulse signal, avoid the far field echo signal to incur loss simultaneously; Can adopt above-mentioned flow process to calculate corresponding adaptive weight respectively to the different distances unit, and then the first Pulse by Pulse of every array carried out pitching filtering just can realize the short range clutter in each pulse signal of all range units is suppressed.
2) orientation-pulse domain two dimension dimensionality reduction STAP space-time adaptive is handled: after pitching robust ADBF suppressed the short range clutter, antenna array was equivalent to the orientation linear array; Linear array has N array element when the definition orientation, and each array element receives K pulse signal; When the individual range unit of definition
Figure 62187DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
receives signal is
Figure 901967DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
, guiding vector when detecting target empty
Figure 444944DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
（7）
In the formula
Figure 65281DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
;
Figure 719116DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
; is that the array element orientation is to spacing;
Figure 392860DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
is radar wavelength;
Figure 234914DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
is the target Doppler frequency;
Figure 692440DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
is the target azimuth incident angle;
Figure 506813DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
is radar pulse recurrence interval PRI,
Figure 391592DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
for Kronecker long-pending;
Further suppress to remain long-range clutter based on local Combined Treatment algorithm design orientation-pulse domain two dimension dimensionality reduction STAP processor; The spatial domain, orientation is pointed to both sides at the detection object beam and is respectively got 2 adjacent beams; Time domain is respectively got 1 adjacent Doppler unit in detection both sides, Doppler unit, and then the dimensionality reduction matrix does
Figure 723872DEST_PATH_IMAGE041
（8）
Figure 985089DEST_PATH_IMAGE042
is adjacent beams interval, spatial domain in the formula;
Figure 653968DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
is the adjacent Doppler's unit interval of time domain;
Figure 709648DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
, PRF is a radar pulse repetition frequency; After matrix
Figure 526295DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
dimensionality reduction conversion, receive signal and target guiding vector and be respectively:
Figure 849009DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
（9）
Behind the dimensionality reduction; The degree of freedom that receives signal
Figure 341170DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
and target guiding vector
Figure 645112DEST_PATH_IMAGE049
is 15; Therefore individual range unit adopts the assorted covariance matrix of making an uproar
Figure 626023DEST_PATH_IMAGE050
after contiguous 50 range unit samples are estimated dimensionality reduction to
Figure 920236DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
, that is:
Figure 961190DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
（10）
Wherein is the output signal of
Figure 896489DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
individual range unit after the dimensionality reduction matrixing;
Figure 394467DEST_PATH_IMAGE053
is for detecting the protected location number of range unit both sides, desirable
Figure 228431DEST_PATH_IMAGE054
;
The self-adaptation power of orientation-pulse domain two dimension dimensionality reduction STAP is:
Figure 241386DEST_PATH_IMAGE055
（11）
Figure 186208DEST_PATH_IMAGE056
is the normalization complex constant in the formula;
By formula (8), (9), (11),
Figure 538692DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
individual range unit orientation-pulse domain is realized that the adaptive weight
Figure 543557DEST_PATH_IMAGE057
that long-range clutter suppresses is:
Figure 43809DEST_PATH_IMAGE058
（12）
Adopt above-mentioned flow process to calculate corresponding adaptive weight respectively to the different distances unit, just can effectively suppress to influence the long-range clutter of target detection.
To sum up, the efficient three-dimensional space-time adaptive clutter suppression method of the present invention's proposition is made up of pitching ADBF cascade orientation-pulse domain two dimension dimensionality reduction STAP; That is: to
Figure 464426DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
individual range unit at first pitching dimension suppress the short range clutter by the row self-adaptation is calculated
Figure 64559DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
, then in the orientation-the pulse domain self-adaptation is calculated
Figure 240325DEST_PATH_IMAGE057
suppresses long-range clutter.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is following:
The present invention is directed to the airborne non-positive side battle array Digital Array Radar that is operated under the middle high pulse repetition frequency and proposed a kind of efficient three-dimensional space-time adaptive clutter suppression method, comprise pitching robust ADBF, orientation-two steps of pulse domain two dimension dimensionality reduction STAP; With the two-dimentional dimensionality reduction STAP algorithm ratio of list of references [6] based on the local Combined Treatment; Operand of the present invention is suitable basically; But the pitching robust ADBF step that increases effectively pre-flock is removed strong distance short range clutter heterogeneous, and then improves the rejection of follow-up orientation-pulse domain two dimension STAP to residual spur; Emulation experiment shows that operand of the present invention has only increased by 2.5% than the two-dimentional dimensionality reduction STAP algorithm based on the local Combined Treatment, but has improved about 15.5dB at the corresponding strong short range clutter district clutter rejection of the 400th range unit; Therefore the present invention can effectively improve the clutter inhibition effect of China's airborne non-positive side battle array Digital Array Radar, and fast convergence rate, and operand is little, is easy to engineering construction.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the non-positive side array antenna geometric relationship figure of airborne radar.
Fig. 2 is forward sight battle array angle-Doppler's spectrogram.
Fig. 3 is a forward sight battle array distance-Doppler spectrogram.
Fig. 4 (a) is the 400th a range unit section two dimension dimensionality reduction STAP improvement factor synoptic diagram; Fig. 4 (b) is the 600th a range unit section two dimension dimensionality reduction STAP improvement factor synoptic diagram.
Fig. 5 is a pitching spatial domain dimensionality reduction exemplary plot.
Fig. 6 is that three-dimensional space-time adaptive clutter suppresses signal processing flow figure.
Fig. 7 is pitching and beam pattern figure.
Fig. 8 (a) is that the 400th the efficient three-dimensional space-time adaptive clutter of range unit section suppresses the improvement factor synoptic diagram; Fig. 8 (b) is that the 600th the efficient three-dimensional space-time adaptive clutter of range unit section suppresses the improvement factor synoptic diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the invention is explained further details.
The non-positive side of airborne radar battle array geometric relationship is as shown in Figure 1.Suppose that antenna is the rectangle battle array, the rows of array elements column pitch is half-wavelength.If the normal direction of antenna plane is the x axle, the horizontal of antenna plane is the y axle, and the direction that makes progress perpendicular to ground is the z axle.The heading of the machine of carrying departs from the angle in y axle left side for ; The angle of radar main lobe beam position and array antenna transverse axis is
Figure 514498DEST_PATH_IMAGE060
; The ground clutter of different distance is different to the angle of pitch of array antenna.The angle of pitch is defined as the angle of radar ray and antenna array normal,
Figure 638312DEST_PATH_IMAGE061
as shown in Figure 1, .The relation of clutter Doppler frequency and distance does,
Figure 397506DEST_PATH_IMAGE063
（1）
Figure 550139DEST_PATH_IMAGE064
is for carrying motor speeds in the formula;
Figure 808687DEST_PATH_IMAGE065
is for carrying the machine height;
Figure 60676DEST_PATH_IMAGE066
is radar wavelength; is the clutter oblique distance;
Figure 588927DEST_PATH_IMAGE068
is the clutter angle horizontal with respect to antenna plane, for carrying the crab angle in the relative y axle of machine heading left side.For non-positive side battle array, the clutter two-dimensional spectrum of the fuzzy distance of each time is an elliptic curve, and the clutter two-dimensional spectrum of different distance does not overlap.Angle-doppler spectral shown in Figure 2 is the clutter two dimension spectral line of the different fuzzy distances of same range unit under the forward sight battle array, and wherein the short range clutter of fuzzy distance and the clutter spectrum of the fuzzy distance of other each times of far field significantly depart from for the first time.Fig. 3 has provided the distance-doppler spectral of radar reception clutter, and wherein leftmost curve promptly corresponds to the short range clutter of different distance unit.It is thus clear that clutter slowly changes with distance at a distance, and distance variation far away is slow more.
Conventional two-dimensional STAP is synthetic in pitching dimension with antenna array, forms the orientation linear array, then to the orientation-impulse sampling Design of Signal clutter self-adapting suppression filter of each range unit.Consider the speed of convergence and the operand of adaptive algorithm; List of references [6] has proposed local Combined Treatment algorithm (JDL); Guiding vector during promptly according to the detection target empty;
Figure 438120DEST_PATH_IMAGE069
individual adjacent beams is respectively got in the beam position both sides in the spatial domain; Detect both sides, Doppler unit in time domain and respectively get individual adjacent Doppler unit, and then the design of the local at
Figure 257357DEST_PATH_IMAGE071
dimensionality reduction STAP processor.Under simulation parameter; Get
Figure 210270DEST_PATH_IMAGE072
;
Figure 72571DEST_PATH_IMAGE073
utilizes adjacent 50 range units to estimate two-dimentional dimensionality reduction STAP weights.Adopt improvement factor (IF) to weigh the clutter rejection, it is defined as
（2）
Figure 917216DEST_PATH_IMAGE075
is the assorted ratio of making an uproar of output letter after two-dimentional dimensionality reduction STAP handles in the formula,
Figure 990215DEST_PATH_IMAGE076
be that the assorted ratio of making an uproar is believed in the input of array element individual pulse reception signal.Fig. 4 has provided the IF curve in the 400th range unit section and the 600th range unit section respectively.It is thus clear that short range clutter power is big, seriously non-homogeneous down because airborne non-positive side battle array distance by radar blurs the 400th range unit section, the remarkable broadening of IF recess, target detection performance descends at a slow speed; Because distance increase short range clutter power descends, and non-homogeneous intensity weakens, IF recess broadening slightly improves the 600th distance segment unit section.
The present invention is the improvement to conventional two-dimensional STAP algorithm; Through increasing digital array spatial domain pitching dimension degree of freedom; In pitching-orientation-pulse domain studies three-dimensional space-time adaptive clutter suppression method; Adopt cascade system, at first Adaptive Suppression is strong apart from short range clutter heterogeneous, and then designs two-dimentional dimensionality reduction STAP processor in orientation-pulse domain and suppress long-range clutter.
This paper scheme comprises following 2 steps: (1) pitching robust ADBF; (2) orientation-pulse domain two dimension dimensionality reduction STAP.Provide concrete analysis below.
(1) pitching robust ADBF
Airborne numeral battle array radar ideal conditions can calculate the weight coefficient of each range unit pitching airspace filter device down according to radar parameter respectively.But because carry a machine height, the array element width of cloth equates error effect, the pitching wave filter recess of calculating can with short range clutter mismatch.List of references [14] has further been studied the complete space domain self-adapted algorithm of pitching on this basis, and its degree of freedom in system is a pitching bay number.But under the range ambiguity, except short range clutter information, also comprised the far field clutter that receives in the training sample of choosing.Clutter its pitching dimension spatial domain guiding vector in far field is consistent with the pitching main beam direction, and this moment, the far field clutter was echo signal.Therefore, estimate that by the training sample that comprises the far field noise signal pitching ADBF weights that suppress the short range clutter can cause signal cancellation, the adaptive weight that calculates when serious can make the pitching main beam produce distortion.
The radar simulation parameter is as shown in table 1, and Fig. 4 has provided the spatial domain and the wave beam corresponding figures of pitching routine and wave beam and different distance pitching adaptive weight.It is thus clear that adaptive weight has all formed deep notch at short range clutter place to be suppressed it, but the pitching main beam has also produced distortion, the target signal to noise ratio loss that this must cause follow-up two-dimentional STAP to handle.
Table 1 radar system parameter
The parameter title Parameter values
Pulse repetition rate 5000Hz
The sampling bandwidth 5MHz
Line number
8
Columns 64
Carry motor speeds 150m/s
Pulse number in the CPI 64
Carry the machine flying height 8000m
Array element distance and wavelength ratio
Figure 20487DEST_PATH_IMAGE077
Several received pulses do not return owing to far field signal (target and long-range clutter) as yet before the Airborne PD Radar, generally as the zero filling pulse.If with the zero filling pulse as training sample estimation self-adaptive weights, the signal cancellation that then can effectively avoid the far field clutter to cause.When at radar system parameter PRF being 5000Hz; The 1st the corresponding maximum distance of zero filling pulse is 30 kilometers, also has 20 ° deviation with the pitching main beam.Therefore, utilize first zero filling pulse to estimate short range clutter self-adapting weights, just can when suppressing the short range clutter, improve pitching main beam conformality.
Adopt first zero filling pulse to estimate short range clutter information, compare with list of references [14], number of training has just significantly reduced.The short range clutter requires to adopt too much range unit to come the estimate covariance matrix with the fast-changing non-stationary property of distance.Therefore, we further study pitching spatial domain dimensionality reduction scheme, to improve speed of convergence, reduce number of training.
Adopt first zero filling pulse estimate covariance matrix, each range unit all has only short range clutter information.As far as contiguous some range units, its short range clutter spatial domain angle of pitch is approximate identical, and with the pitching main beam bigger differential seat angle is arranged, and therefore only needs two degree of freedom just can suppress it well.To phased array antenna, we handle respectively by row.To each row pitching linear array, dimensionality reduction respectively as shown in Figure 5 forms pitching and wave beam and trim wave beam, promptly
（3）
Where M is the number of array elements antenna elevation dimension;
Figure 818045DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
for each column first
Figure 19219DEST_PATH_IMAGE079
th element output signals at each pulse.
Figure 602647DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
is listed as pitching and the wave beam that forms behind M the array element dimensionality reduction for every,
Figure 914680DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
be the trim wave beam that forms behind M array element dimensionality reduction of every row. ,
Figure 274959DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
correspond to the product of every alignment battle array output signal of pitching and dimensionality reduction matrix in fact, that is:
Figure 523723DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
（4）
Wherein
Figure 363503DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
is the output of each array element of the every row of pitching in each pulse;
Figure 906480DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
is the conjugate transpose operational symbol, and
Figure 198921DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
is transpose operator.After the dimension-reduction treatment of pitching spatial domain, adopt first zero filling pulse as training sample in order to the estimation self-adaptive weights, each array element of digital array received in signal and all only comprised short range clutter information this moment.Suppose that first zero filling reception of impulse signal of the every row pitching of
Figure 118336DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
individual range unit antenna array linear array is
Figure 874939DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
signal, then every array unit's first zero filling pulse pitching of individual range unit and wave beam
Figure 634134DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
output signal and trim wave beam
Figure 91660DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
output signal are:
Figure 640453DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
（5）
According to secondary lobe (SLC) principle that disappears mutually;
Figure 793741DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
individual range unit is offseted the short range clutter in pitching and the wave beam with the trim wave beam, and adaptive weight
Figure 123091DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
satisfies:
Figure 321991DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
（6）
Wherein
Figure 787608DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
is the mathematical expectation operational symbol;
Figure 108868DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
is the conjugate transpose operational symbol, then
Figure 863197DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
（7）
Wherein the trim beamformer output signal of
Figure 185911DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
individual range unit and vicinity
Figure 678072DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
first zero filling pulse of individual range unit is estimated to obtain after the every row dimension-reduction treatment of autocorrelation matrix employing; Generally get
Figure 716435DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
; I.e. ,
Figure 962926DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
is
Figure 351620DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
individual range unit trim beamformer output signal.
Figure 221673DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
individual range unit and vicinity
Figure 781968DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
first zero filling pulse pitching of individual range unit and beamformer output signal and trim beamformer output signal are estimated to obtain after the every row dimension-reduction treatment of cross-correlation matrix
Figure 142859DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
employing; Generally get
Figure 350352DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
; I.e.
Figure 566570DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
,
Figure 573709DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
is
Figure 926193DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
individual range unit pitching and beamformer output signal.
By formula (4), (5), (6), (7), each row pitching linear array of individual range unit is realized that the adaptive weight
Figure 431310DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
that the short range clutter suppresses is:
Figure 851927DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
（8）
Therefore; Adopt adaptive weight Pulse by Pulse to carry out filtering to each row pitching linear array of
Figure 389743DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
individual range unit; Just can effectively suppress the short range clutter in each pulse signal, avoid the far field echo signal to incur loss simultaneously.Can adopt above-mentioned flow process to calculate corresponding adaptive weight respectively to the different distances unit, and then the first Pulse by Pulse of every array carried out pitching filtering just can realize the short range clutter in each pulse signal of all range units is suppressed.
2) orientation-pulse domain two dimension dimensionality reduction STAP
After the short range clutter pitching filtering, the antenna array equivalence has formed an orientation linear array.Since elimination the short range clutter component, the clutter rejection of follow-up azimuth-range territory two dimension STAP will significantly improve.
The assumed position linear array has N array element, and each array element receives K pulse signal.Individual range unit receives signal for
Figure 574102DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
to suppose , and the guiding vector does when detecting target empty
Figure 963495DEST_PATH_IMAGE080
（9）
In the formula
Figure 310163DEST_PATH_IMAGE081
;
Figure 847324DEST_PATH_IMAGE082
;
Figure 674990DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
is that the array element orientation is to spacing;
Figure 856573DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
is radar wavelength;
Figure 374142DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
is the target Doppler frequency;
Figure 336281DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
is the target azimuth incident angle;
Figure 902392DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
is radar pulse recurrence interval (PRI),
Figure 798DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
for Kronecker long-pending.
Further suppress to remain long-range clutter based on JDL algorithm design orientation-pulse domain two dimension dimensionality reduction STAP processor; The spatial domain, orientation is pointed to both sides at the detection object beam and is respectively got 2 adjacent beams; Time domain is respectively got 1 adjacent Doppler unit in detection both sides, Doppler unit, and then the dimensionality reduction matrix does
Figure 689268DEST_PATH_IMAGE041
（10）
Figure 76387DEST_PATH_IMAGE042
is adjacent beams interval, spatial domain in the formula; is the adjacent Doppler's unit interval of time domain;
Figure 461418DEST_PATH_IMAGE083
, PRF is a radar pulse repetition frequency; After matrix
Figure 258473DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
dimensionality reduction conversion, receive signal and target guiding vector and be respectively
Figure 929626DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
Figure 168365DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
（11）
Behind the dimensionality reduction, the degree of freedom that receives signal
Figure 179046DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
and target guiding vector
Figure 209319DEST_PATH_IMAGE049
is 15.Therefore individual range unit adopts the assorted covariance matrix of making an uproar
Figure 813792DEST_PATH_IMAGE050
after contiguous 50 range unit samples are estimated dimensionality reduction to
Figure 367768DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
, that is:
Figure 6876DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
（12）
Wherein
Figure 208051DEST_PATH_IMAGE052
is the output signal of individual range unit after the dimensionality reduction matrixing;
Figure 103511DEST_PATH_IMAGE053
is the protected location number of detecting unit both sides, desirable
Figure 151102DEST_PATH_IMAGE054
.
The self-adaptation power of orientation-pulse domain two dimension dimensionality reduction STAP processor is:
Figure 460860DEST_PATH_IMAGE055
（13）
is the normalization complex constant in the formula.
By formula (10), (11), (13),
Figure 724273DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
individual range unit orientation-pulse domain is realized that the adaptive weight
Figure 564053DEST_PATH_IMAGE057
that long-range clutter suppresses is:
Figure 107030DEST_PATH_IMAGE058
（14）
To sum up, the efficient three-dimensional space-time adaptive clutter suppression method of the present invention's proposition is made up of pitching ADBF cascade orientation-pulse domain two dimension dimensionality reduction STAP; That is: to
Figure 461788DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
individual range unit at first pitching dimension suppress the short range clutter by the row self-adaptation is calculated ; Then in the orientation-the pulse domain self-adaptation calculates
Figure 75489DEST_PATH_IMAGE057
and suppresses long-range clutter, its signal processing flow is as shown in Figure 6.
Simulation parameter is with table 1, and Fig. 7 calculates the spatial domain response diagram of adaptive weight respectively at 12.3Km and 18.3Km for this paper scheme step (1) pitching robust ADBF.Adaptive weight has all formed deep notch at the corresponding angle of pitch of short range clutter, and the pitching main beam is consistent with conventional formation main beam performance.
The performance of coming the efficient three-dimensional space-time adaptive clutter suppression method of quantitative analysis with improvement factor (IF) below.Fig. 8 has provided the IF curve of two-dimentional dimensionality reduction STAP and this paper method respectively.Short range clutter district, the more two-dimentional dimensionality reduction STAP of the IF of this paper method is significantly increased, and wherein the 400th range unit section, the short range noise intensity is big, changes soon, and performance improvement is especially obvious, and this paper algorithm has improved about 15.5dB; The 600th range unit section, the short range noise intensity dies down, compare with two-dimentional dimensionality reduction STAP, and, this paper algorithm has improved about 6.5dB.
The present invention compares with the two-dimentional dimensionality reduction STAP of routine, has increased cascade pitching robust ADBF flow process, and its self-adaptive processing dimension is merely 2.In simulation calculation; The self-adaptive processing dimension of two dimension dimensionality reduction STAP is 15; Compare two-dimentional dimensionality reduction STAP; It is about 0.25% that the operand of efficient three-dimensional space-time adaptive clutter suppression method has only increased, and when two-dimentional dimensionality reduction STAP self-adaptive processing dimension increased, it is littler that operand of the present invention increases ratio.Therefore; To in airborne non-positive side battle array Digital Array Radar under the high PRF system; The efficient three-dimensional space-time adaptive clutter suppression method that the present invention proposes is suitable with conventional two-dimensional dimensionality reduction STAP operand, and can significantly improve the clutter rejection of the fuzzy distance of each time.
List of references
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[2] Wang Yongliang, Peng Yingning. space-time adaptive signal Processing [M]. publishing house of Tsing-Hua University. 2000.
[3] Reed I S, Mallett J D, and Brennan L E. Rapid convergence rate in adaptive arrays[J]. IEEE Trans. AES. 1974, 10(6): 853-863。
[4] Meng Xiangdong. space-time two-dimensional Adaptive Signal Processing and moving-target detect [D]. Xi'an: Xian Electronics Science and Technology University, 2009.
[5] Shen Mingwei. handle moving target detection technique research [D] during airborne radar space. Nanjing: Nanjing Aero-Space University, 2008.
[6] Wang H, Cai L J. On Adaptive Spatial-Temporal Processing for Airborne Surveillance Radar System [J]. IEEE Trans. on AES. 1994, 30(3):660:670。
[7] Kreyenkamp O, Klemm R. Doppler compensation in forward-looking STAP radar [J]. IEE Proceedings-Radar Sonar and Naviqation. 2001,148(5): 253-258。
[8] Braham Himed, Zhang Yuhong, Abdelhak Hajjari. STAP with Angle-Doppler Compensation for Bistatic Airborne Radars [C]. Proceedings of the IEEE Radar Conference. 2002:311–317。
[9] Zatman M. Circular array STAP [J]. IEEE Trans. on AES, 2000, 36(2): 510~517。
[10] Braham H., Michel J.H., Zhang Y.H.. Bistatic STAP performance analysis in radar applications. Atlanta, GA, USA: Proceedings of the IEEE National Radar Conference, 2001: 198~203。
[11] Lapierre, F D, Verly J G, Van Droogenbroeck. New solutions to the problem of range dependence in bistatic STAP radars[C]. Piscataway NJ, USA: Proceedings of the IEEE International Radar Conference, 2003: 452-459。
[12] Xie W C, Wang Y L. New solution to Range-Dependence Problem in STAP Radar with HPRF[C]. Boston, MA: IEEE 2007 Radar Conference, 2007: 562-567。
[13] Colone F. Spectral Slope-based approach for mitigating bistatic Space-Time Adaptive Processing clutter dispersion [J]. IET Radar Sonar & Navigation. 2011, 5(5):593-603。
[14] Meng Xiangdong, Wang Tong etc. the pitching that airborne phased array radar short range clutter suppresses is to space domain self-adapted algorithm [J]. electronics and information journal, 2010,32 (4): 948-952.

Claims (1)

1. the efficient three-dimensional space-time adaptive clutter suppression method of airborne Digital Array Radar is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1) pitching robust ADBF adaptive beam forms: to each row pitching linear array, dimensionality reduction forms pitching and wave beam and trim wave beam respectively, promptly
（1）
M is antenna pitching dimension element number of array in the formula;
Figure 494047DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
is every output signal that is listed as
Figure 201210195856X100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
individual array element in each pulse;
Figure 951573DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
is listed as pitching and the wave beam that forms behind M the array element dimensionality reduction for every,
Figure 562683DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
be the trim wave beam that forms behind M array element dimensionality reduction of every row; Pitching and wave beam
Figure 713041DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
and trim wave beam correspond to the product of every alignment battle array output signal of pitching and dimensionality reduction matrix
Figure 975712DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
, that is:
（2）
is the output signal of each array element of the every row of pitching in each pulse in the formula;
Figure 519848DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
is the conjugate transpose operational symbol;
Figure 584756DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
is transpose operator; After the dimension-reduction treatment of pitching spatial domain, adopt first zero filling pulse as training sample in order to the estimation self-adaptive weights, each array element of digital array received in signal and all only comprised short range clutter information this moment; When defining first zero filling reception of impulse signal of the every row pitching of
Figure 170458DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
individual range unit antenna array linear array is
Figure 397040DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
, and then every array unit's
Figure 638665DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
first zero filling pulse pitching of individual range unit and wave beam
Figure 241685DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
output signal and trim wave beam
Figure 681894DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
output signal are:
Figure 282639DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
（3）
According to the secondary lobe SLC principle that disappears mutually;
Figure 808298DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
individual range unit is offseted the short range clutter in pitching and the wave beam with the trim wave beam, and adaptive weight
Figure 206220DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
satisfies:
（4）
Wherein
Figure 272582DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
is the mathematical expectation operational symbol;
Figure 551117DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
is the conjugate transpose operational symbol, then
Figure 495939DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
（5）
The trim beamformer output signal of
Figure 587709DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
individual range unit and vicinity
Figure 87960DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
first zero filling pulse of individual range unit is estimated to obtain after the every row dimension-reduction treatment of autocorrelation matrix in the formula
Figure 848423DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
employing; Get
Figure 836473DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
; I.e.
Figure 105781DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
, is
Figure 272024DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
individual range unit trim beamformer output signal;
Figure 948042DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
individual range unit and vicinity
Figure 294710DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
first zero filling pulse pitching of individual range unit and beamformer output signal and trim beamformer output signal are estimated to obtain after the every row dimension-reduction treatment of cross-correlation matrix
Figure 496332DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
employing; Get
Figure 503974DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
; I.e.
Figure 594290DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
,
Figure 838190DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
is
Figure 358688DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
individual range unit pitching and beamformer output signal;
By formula (2), (3), (4), (5), each row pitching linear array of
Figure 320828DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
individual range unit is realized that the adaptive weight
Figure 949255DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
that the short range clutter suppresses is:
Figure 47661DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
（6）
2) orientation-pulse domain two dimension dimensionality reduction STAP space-time adaptive is handled: after pitching robust ADBF suppressed the short range clutter, antenna array was equivalent to the orientation linear array; Linear array has N array element when the definition orientation, and each array element receives K pulse signal; When the individual range unit of definition
Figure 736132DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
receives signal is
Figure 919988DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
, guiding vector when detecting target empty
Figure 352107DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
（7）
In the formula
Figure 570599DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
;
Figure 432900DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
;
Figure 104053DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
is that the array element orientation is to spacing;
Figure 136600DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
is radar wavelength; is the target Doppler frequency;
Figure 177554DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
is the target azimuth incident angle;
Figure 336003DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
is radar pulse recurrence interval PRI, for Kronecker long-pending;
Further suppress to remain long-range clutter based on local Combined Treatment algorithm design orientation-pulse domain two dimension dimensionality reduction STAP processor; The spatial domain, orientation is pointed to both sides at the detection object beam and is respectively got 2 adjacent beams; Time domain is respectively got 1 adjacent Doppler unit in detection both sides, Doppler unit, and then the dimensionality reduction matrix does
Figure 303008DEST_PATH_IMAGE042
（8）
Figure 518830DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
is adjacent beams interval, spatial domain in the formula;
Figure 836679DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
is the adjacent Doppler's unit interval of time domain; , PRF is a radar pulse repetition frequency; After matrix
Figure 461881DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
dimensionality reduction conversion, receive signal and target guiding vector and be respectively:
Figure 771640DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
Figure 639102DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
（9）
Behind the dimensionality reduction; The degree of freedom that receives signal
Figure 692508DEST_PATH_IMAGE049
and target guiding vector
Figure 594605DEST_PATH_IMAGE050
is 15; Therefore individual range unit adopts the assorted covariance matrix of making an uproar
Figure 695602DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
after contiguous 50 range unit samples are estimated dimensionality reduction to , that is:
Figure 349438DEST_PATH_IMAGE052
（10）
Wherein
Figure 371620DEST_PATH_IMAGE053
is the output signal of
Figure 23182DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
individual range unit after the dimensionality reduction matrixing; is for detecting the protected location number of range unit both sides, desirable
Figure 263375DEST_PATH_IMAGE055
;
The adaptive weight of orientation-pulse domain two dimension dimensionality reduction STAP is:
Figure 140064DEST_PATH_IMAGE056
（11）
Figure 24843DEST_PATH_IMAGE057
is the normalization complex constant in the formula;
By formula (8), (9), (11),
Figure 291876DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
individual range unit orientation-pulse domain is realized that the adaptive weight
Figure 553093DEST_PATH_IMAGE058
that long-range clutter suppresses is:
Figure 284289DEST_PATH_IMAGE059
（12）
Adopt above-mentioned flow process to calculate corresponding adaptive weight respectively to the different distances unit, just can effectively suppress to influence the long-range clutter of target detection.
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