CN102721470A - Static spectrum polarization imaging device - Google Patents
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- CN102721470A CN102721470A CN2012102226003A CN201210222600A CN102721470A CN 102721470 A CN102721470 A CN 102721470A CN 2012102226003 A CN2012102226003 A CN 2012102226003A CN 201210222600 A CN201210222600 A CN 201210222600A CN 102721470 A CN102721470 A CN 102721470A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a static spectrum polarization imaging device, which comprises an optical-mechanical system and a control unit, wherein the optical-mechanical system comprises a front imaging system and a detector, and the control unit comprises a display; and the static spectrum polarization imaging device is characterized in that the optical-mechanical system also comprises a relay imaging optical system, a liquid crystal variable retarder (LCVR) in a polarization modulation system and a liquid crystal tunable filter (LCTF) in a beam splitting system which are sequentially arranged between the front imaging system and the detector. According to the static spectrum polarization imaging device, by adoption of the LCTF and LCVR, the polarization state and penetrating wavelengths are electrically tuned, so that full-static spectrum polarization imaging is realized, any mechanical motion part is not required, the power consumption is reduced, the volume is reduced, and possibility is provided for realizing a portable spectrum polarization imaging device. The static spectrum polarization imaging device has a wide application prospect in the fields of environmental monitoring, atmospheric sounding, soil humidity analysis, plant classification, military application and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the Image-forming instrument technical field, be specifically related to a kind of static spectrum polarization imager.
Background technology
People have worked out various optical information and have obtained technology at present, like imaging technique, and spectral technique, polarization technologies etc. utilize these technology, can obtain the various information of target.Such as, utilize imaging technique can obtain spatial information, utilize spectral technique can obtain spectral information, utilize polarization technology can obtain polarization state information.And along with the develop rapidly of optical technology, the index that optical information is obtained technology constantly promotes, function is constantly perfect, quantity of information that obtain constantly increases.Meanwhile; Fusion between the different optical technology for information acquisition has also appearred; For example imaging technique and spectral technique merge and have formed the light spectrum image-forming technology, can obtain the two-dimensional space information of target and the spectral information of every bit, the spatial characteristics and the chemical composition characteristic of reflection target; Imaging technique and polarization technology merge and have formed the polarization imaging technology, can obtain the polarization state information of the two-dimensional image information and the every bit of target, and the physical attribute of reflection target comprises surfaceness, superficial makings, side information etc.
The spectrum polarizing image not only has very high spatial resolution and spectral resolution, and the polarization information about target reflection or radiant light that can provide strength information and spectral information to obtain.Research shows, the geometric condition the when polarization characteristic of reflected radiation not only depends on observation and the intrinsic property factor of target itself, but also receive the influence of illumination condition; Particularly outdoor situation is complicated more, because radiating light source is the comprehensive of sunshine, sky scattering light and reflected radiation light.And be a kind of non-natural shiny surface on the artifact surface, to compare with natural surface, it will produce bigger degree of polarization; And process rough surface arrival observer's radiation mainly is repeatedly a reflected light, shows less degree of polarization.Darker surface also shows bigger degree of polarization, and this is because of bigger by single scattering proportion in the surface, and in brighter surface, repeatedly reflection occupies bigger advantage.Though the visuality of polarization image does not have intensity image good, polarization image has improved contrast, has excavated many hiding information in the intensity image, helps to distinguish camouflage or hidden target, and the edge reinforced effects that is opposite to object in the background is obvious.Therefore, utilize the spectrum polarizing image can obtain the information such as surfaceness, water cut, material physicochemical property of target, improve target detection reliability, suppress background information, improve the classification results on similar substance surface.
The spectrum polarizing imager has nearly 20 years developing history; Develop into practical stage abroad from theoretical research; The mechanism of spectrum polarizing imager technical research mainly concentrates on the military and some universities of the U.S., Japan, European Union etc., and research emphasis mainly comprises Principle Exploration, experimental verification and application evaluation etc.More typical spectrum polarizing imager mainly is development on the basis of optical spectrum imagers; Comprise based on acousto-optic tunable filter (acousto-optic tunable filter; AOTF), the optical spectrum imagers of device such as LCTF and polarization grating, and calculating computed tomography optical spectrum imagers, dispersion spectrum imager, spatial modulation Fourier trasform spectroscopy imager etc.
LCTF is a kind of optical filter of linear polarization, itself has also had the ability of linear polarization detection as the optical spectrum imagers of beam splitter design with LCTF.Existing great majority just are based on this principle development based on the spectrum polarizing imager of LCTF.The department and the researcher of development the type spectrum polarizing imager mainly contain japanese national aerospace laboratory and gondola scholar; The spectrum polarizing imager of development mainly is the system integration of multiple photoelectric device; The principal feature of the type spectrum polarizing imager is that the data mode of gathering is simple, and the post-processed of data is very convenient.The spectrum polarizing imager based on LCTF was developed in japanese national aerospace laboratory since 1997.Accomplished visible spectrum (400～720nm) prototype optical sensor in 1999; Accomplish spectrum polarizing imager model machine and carried out laboratory experiment in calendar year 2001; Accomplished (the development of 650～1100nm) spectrum polarizing imagers of near infrared spectral coverage in 2003.The type spectrum polarizing imager optical system mainly comprises object lens, two relay lenses, LCTF.Object lens at first become an intermediary image with target; First relay lens is with the imaging beam collimation and through LCTF; The light beam that sees through LCTF images on the focal plane detector of camera through second relay lens again; LCTF can be rotated around optical axis by step motor control, thereby control gets into the linear polarization of the light beam of detector.Stepper motor, LCTF and camera are accomplished the collection of required spectrum polarizing image by the unified control of computer program.That this spectrum polarizing imager can obtain Stokes vector and three components.Because this spectrum polarizing imager obtains the scanning process that spectrum polarizing data hypercube needs spectrum and polarization dimension, wherein polarization scans also needs mechanical moving element, and stability receives certain restriction.This laboratory adopts the spectrum polarizing imager of development to carry out experiments such as agricultural environment observation, earth environment observation, water pollution monitoring.Domestic Northwestern Polytechnical University has also carried out similar research, adopts step motor control LCTF to rotate the spectrum picture that obtains different linear polarization equally.
Spectrum polarizing imager just because of existing LCTF; The mode that adopts mechanical type to rotate LCTF obtains the spectrum picture of different linear polarization; Thereby added mechanical moving elements such as stepper motor, increased the complexity of instrument, stability and reliability also decrease.And, in the static spectrum polarization imager of part, can only obtain the spectrum picture of limited several linear polarization.Therefore, develop a kind of static spectrum polarization imaging, and it is just particularly important to set the spectrum polarizing imager of different phase retardation continuously.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of static spectrum polarization imager; It is a kind of static spectrum polarization imager that does not have any mechanical moving element; Can be implemented in to adjust arbitrarily in the work spectral coverage scope and measure wavelength and linear polarization; Obtain the complete linear polarization spectrum picture of target, can carry out indoor and outdoor spectrum polarizing imaging test; Embedded computer and power supply are carried out integrated spectrum polarizing imager.
In order to realize this purpose, the present invention adopts LCTF and LCVR to realize static spectrum polarization imaging as beam split and Polarization Modulation device respectively, and adopts embedded computer to control.
Static spectrum polarization imager of the present invention includes optical-mechanical system and the control module of regulating and control optical-mechanical system, and wherein optical-mechanical system includes preposition imaging system and detector; Control module includes display; It is characterized in that; Optical-mechanical system also includes relaying imaging optical system, the LCVR of Polarization Modulation system and the beam splitting system LCTF that is installed in successively between preposition imaging system and the detector; The object space focal plane of described relaying imaging system is positioned at an image planes place of preposition imaging system, and it is received by detector as the secondary real image that square focal plane place obtains.
Like this; Send or the light that reflects images in image planes one time through after the preposition imaging system when target, these image planes is positioned at the front focal plane of relaying imaging system, and can access the secondary real image at it as square focal plane place this moment; This secondary real image is received by planar array detector; It is collimated light path that one section space is arranged in the relaying imaging system, can LCVR of Polarization Modulation system and beam splitting system LCTF be placed on here successively, realizes the modulation of polarization and spectrum.LCVR, LCTF and planar array detector be by the embedded computer synchro control, and every wavelength that sees through that a LCTF is set is provided with the phase-delay quantity of some LCVR again, and the planar array detector camera is taken the accurate monochrome image under the corresponding wavelength and linear polarization down.
The principle of polarizing modulation of above-mentioned static spectrum polarization imager is: LCTF self can be counted as a linear polarization device, and when being placed in the light path, its linear polarization is 0 degree, not with wavelength change.Be placed on the LCVR of LCTF front end, can apply different driving voltages.For the definite light beams of different wavelengths of LCTF; It is to produce the different phase retardation that LCVR is applied different voltages; So just can be to the free-throw line polarized incident light; LCVR is applied the linearly polarized light that can be converted into 0 degree direction after the suitable voltage, thereby can realize that the free-throw line polarization spectrum measures.
Above-mentioned relaying imaging system; Be holosymmetric relaying imaging system; Its a kind of concrete structure is organized after including preceding group of the symmetrical relay lens of placing and relay lens; The focal plane of wherein organizing before the relay lens is positioned at an image planes place of preposition imaging system, and the secondary real image that the focal plane of organizing behind the relay lens obtains is received by detector.
Before relay lens, place LCVR and LCTF behind group and the relay lens between the group.
LCTF of the present invention, its work spectral range is 400～720nm, and full width at half maximum is 10nm, and the work aperture is 20mm.
LCVR can select the VIS model of Meadowlark Optics company, and its operation wavelength is 450 ~ 700nm, and the aperture of effectively working is 40mm, and the phase delay weight range is 0～λ/2.
Above-mentioned control module also comprises the embedded computer that is used to control Polarization Modulation system, beam splitting system and detector.
Embedded computer of the present invention selects for use 3.5 inches embedded main boards as the control core.
Above-mentioned detector is selected CCD camera or CMOS camera for use.
The data acquisition of static spectrum polarization imager of the present invention can be taked two kinds of patterns as required with processing procedure: first kind of pattern is to obtain the spectrum picture of different linear polarization angles, and the wavelength that sees through of phase-delay quantity through LCVR is set and LCTF is realized.Second kind of pattern is to obtain the Stokes spectrogram as data cube.At first each spectral coverage is gathered the monochrome image of 0 °, 45 °, 90 ° and 135 ° four linear polarization angles, each width of cloth image is carried out radiation calibration, mainly be Nonuniformity Correction, and then image is carried out registration, the error that the removal of images skew brings.Image after having proofreaied and correct just can carry out Stokes spectrum and calculate, and computing method are:
S
1＝L
0-L
90
S
2＝L
45-L
135
S in the formula
0, S
1And S
2Be Stokes image, L
0, L
45, L
90And L
135It is the intensity image that LCTF is set to a certain different linear polarization of four width of cloth of gathering when seeing through wavelength.To S
0Divided by behind the coefficient with S
1And S
2Combination can be formed a Stokes spectrum cube, utilizes this data cube just can carry out target detection and identification, thereby accomplishes the process of data acquisition and image restoration.
The static spectrum polarization imager that the present invention proposes adopts LCTF and LCVR to realize polarization state and sees through the electric tuning of wavelength; Thereby realize complete static spectrum polarization imaging; Do not have any mechanical moving element, power consumption reduces, volume reduces, and realizing providing for portable spectrum polarization imager maybe.Have a wide range of applications in environmental monitoring, atmospheric exploration, soil moisture analysis, plant classification and military applications many fields such as (battlefield surroundings detection, identification, exposure artificial and natural target are pretended).Static spectrum polarization imager of the present invention can be used for the detection and the identification of open-air Complex Background worker's target.Imager volume of the present invention is little, but compact conformation, outfield easy to carry use.The static spectrum polarization imager scheme that proposes can be implemented in to adjust arbitrarily in the work spectral coverage scope measures wavelength and linear polarization, obtains the complete linear polarization spectrum picture of target, can carry out indoor spectrum polarization imaging test; Advance the spectrum polarizing imager with embedded computer and power supply are integrated, making the constraint that breaks away from external power supply and control computer fully provides hardware condition for realizing portable and open-air carrying out based on target detection and recognition application that spectrum polarizing forms images.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1: the overall construction drawing of static spectrum polarization imager of the present invention;
Fig. 2: the structural drawing of relaying imaging system of the present invention;
Fig. 3: the signal processing flow synoptic diagram of static spectrum polarization imager of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention forms static spectrum polarized imaging system with LCVR, LCTF and industrial camera, utilizes LCTF and LCVR respectively as beam split and polarizer, is combined as the nucleus module of spectrum polarizing modulation, is positioned over successively between camera lens and the detector.Yet; The back work distance of general commercial camera lens is to be specific fuselage design; And LCVR and LCTF itself have certain physical thickness; The two thickness sum is greater than the back work distance of common photographic lens, and place LCVR and LCTF this moment can't be to the target blur-free imaging between camera lens and the detector.In order to mate the interface size relationship between commercial photographic lens, LCVR, LCTF and the industrial camera; Guarantee that this spectrum polarizing imager can be to any distance target imaging; The present invention has designed one group of relaying imaging system especially; Commercial camera lens imaging is relayed on the detector target surface through behind the LCTF; For LCVR and LCTF provide enough spaces, thereby realize the portable static spectrum polarization imager formed by commercial imaging lens, LCVR, LCTF, relaying imaging system and industrial camera.The design of relaying imaging system also will be considered in the situation lower volume that meets the demands as far as possible little, and then reduces the volume of whole spectrum polarization imager.
The object space focal plane of the relaying imaging system of the present invention's design is positioned at an image planes place of preposition imaging system, and it is received by the CCD camera as the secondary real image that square focal plane place obtains.Like this; Send or the light that reflects images in image planes one time through after the preposition imaging system when target, these image planes is positioned at the object space focal plane place of relaying imaging system, and can access the secondary real image at it as square focal plane place this moment; This secondary real image is received by the CCD camera; Because have enough space between relaying imaging system and the CCD camera this moment, therefore can LCVR of Polarization Modulation system and beam splitting system LCTF be placed on here successively, realize the modulation of polarization and spectrum.LCVR, LCTF and CCD camera are by the embedded computer synchro control, and every wavelength that sees through that a LCTF is set is provided with the phase-delay quantity of LCVR several times, the accurate monochrome image under the CCD camera is taken under corresponding wavelength and the linear polarization again.Embedded computer is by carrying out man-machine interaction through the liquid crystal touch control display screen.
Under the relaying imaging system of the present invention unit of the being operated in magnification, adopt complete symmetrical structure form,, adapt to the size interface relationship between commercial camera lens, LCVR, LCTF and the industrial camera from NMO correction coma, distortion and chromatic longitudiinal aberration.Main consideration spherical aberration corrector, axial chromatic aberration, the curvature of field and astigmatism in design.According to system requirements, design holosymmetric relaying imaging system.Its a kind of concrete structure is organized after including preceding group of the symmetrical relay lens of placing and relay lens, and the focal plane of wherein organizing before the relay lens is positioned at an image planes place of preposition imaging system, and the secondary real image that the focal plane of organizing behind the relay lens obtains is received (Fig. 2) by detector.
LCTF of the present invention can select the VariSpec VIS type LCTF of U.S. CRi company for use; The work spectral range is 400～720nm; Full width at half maximum is 10nm, and the work aperture is 20mm, can be the transmittance curve of 10nm through the full width at half maximum of any centre wavelength in the electric tuning acquisition work spectral range.Transmitance is lower on the shortwave direction, causes dynamic range to be restricted, and in application, compensates through the time shutter that increases the shortwave direction.LCTF controls through external control Driver Circuit, is connected with embedded computer through USB interface, utilizes com interface to carry out two-way communication, transmission steering order and state request.
LCVR can select the VIS model of Meadowlark Optics company; Its operation wavelength is 450 ~ 700nm, and the aperture of effectively working is 40mm, and the phase delay weight range is 0 ~ λ/2; Control through external driving circuit, be connected with embedded computer through USB interface.
In the integrated design, the place ahead with LCVR is placed on LCTF requires the tuning strict synchronism of LCVR and LCTF, and guarantees when each exposure tuning stable.
Preposition imaging system of the present invention can be selected commercial C interface camera lens for use.
The detector of imager of the present invention is selected commercialization CCD camera for use; The monochromatic CCD camera of the LM165 type of UMENERA company, this camera adopts Sony ICX285CCD chip, 2/3 inch; The pixel number is 1392 * 1040; Pixel dimension is 6.45 μ m * 6.45 μ m, and spectral response range covers 400nm ~ 720nm, adopts USB interface to carry out data transmission and power supply.
Embedded computer embedded system for control control Polarization Modulation system, beam splitting system and detector need have functions such as demonstration, storage, data pre-service, control peripheral devices, and can directly move design application voluntarily.Can select for use 3.5 inches embedded main boards as the control core.The basic demand of need satisfying comprises: 1) high reliability, select technical grade integrated circuit board, 2) low-power consumption as far as possible, thermal value is little, 3) assembling takes up room for a short time, makes interface in same plane, the same side as far as possible.Above-mentioned each assembly is installed on the unified mechanical pedestal, is installed on the main frame base through screw again.
The original image of spectrum polarizing imager single exposure collection is the intensity image of certain line polarization state, specific wavelength; Obtain final Stokes spectrogram as cube; Need carry out a series of processing to original image; Comprising steps such as calibration, registration, Stokes' parameter calculating, data cube combinations, thereby restore the polarization spectrum view data that to meet the demands by the raw data of gathering, promptly the Stokes spectrogram is as cube.The data acquisition of imager of the present invention and processing procedure can be taked two kinds of patterns as required:
First kind of pattern is to obtain the spectrum picture of different linear polarization angles, and the wavelength that sees through of phase-delay quantity through LCVR is set and LCTF is realized.
Second kind of pattern is to obtain the Stokes spectrogram as data cube.Step is as shown in Figure 3; At first each spectral coverage being gathered the monochrome image of 0 °, 45 °, 90 ° and 135 ° four linear polarization angles, each width of cloth image is carried out radiation calibration, mainly is Nonuniformity Correction; And then image carried out registration, the error that the removal of images skew brings.Image after having proofreaied and correct just can carry out Stokes spectrum and calculate, and computing method are:
S
1＝L
0-L
90
S
2＝L
45-L
135
S in the formula
0, S
1And S
2Be Stokes image, L
0, L
45, L
90And L
135It is the intensity image that LCTF is set to a certain different linear polarization of four width of cloth of gathering when seeing through wavelength.To S
0Divided by behind the coefficient with S
1And S
2Combination can be formed a Stokes spectrum cube, utilizes this data cube just can carry out target detection and identification, thereby accomplishes the process of data acquisition and image restoration.
In addition, preposition imaging system in the static spectrum polarization imager of the present invention and detector can be selected according to different techniques index needs, and are not limited to the concrete record in the instructions of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a static spectrum polarization imager includes optical-mechanical system and the control module of regulating and control optical-mechanical system, and wherein optical-mechanical system includes preposition imaging system and detector; Control module includes display; It is characterized in that; Optical-mechanical system also includes relaying imaging optical system, the LCVR of Polarization Modulation system and the beam splitting system LCTF that is installed in successively between preposition imaging system and the detector; The object space focal plane of described relaying imaging system is positioned at an image planes place of preposition imaging system, and it is received by detector as the secondary real image that square focal plane place obtains.
2. static spectrum polarization imager as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that organizing after described relaying imaging system includes preceding group of the symmetrical relay lens of placing and relay lens; The focal plane of wherein organizing before the relay lens is positioned at an image planes place of preposition imaging system, and the secondary real image that the focal plane of organizing behind the relay lens obtains is received by detector.
3. static spectrum polarization imager as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that placing Polarization Modulation LCVR of system and beam splitting system LCTF between the group after the group and relay lens before the described relay lens.
4. static spectrum polarization imager as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described control module also comprises the embedded computer that is used to control Polarization Modulation system, beam splitting system and detector.
5. like claim 1 or 4 described static spectrum polarization imagers, it is characterized in that described detector selects CCD camera or CMOS camera for use.
6. the data acquisition of the described static spectrum polarization imager of claim 1 and the method for processing; It is characterized in that; At first obtain the spectrum picture of different linear polarization angles, the wavelength that sees through of phase-delay quantity through LCVR is set and LCTF is realized data acquisition and processing again.
7. the data acquisition of the described static spectrum polarization imager of claim 1 and the method for processing; It is characterized in that: at first each spectral coverage is gathered the monochrome image of 0 °, 45 °, 90 ° and 135 ° four linear polarization angles, each width of cloth image is carried out radiation calibration; And then image carried out registration, the error that the removal of images skew brings; Image after having proofreaied and correct carries out Stokes spectrum and calculates, and computing method are:
S
1＝L
0-L
90
S
2＝L
45-L
135
S in the formula
0, S
1And S
2Be Stokes image, L
0, L
45, L
90And L
135It is the intensity image that LCTF is set to a certain different linear polarization of four width of cloth of gathering when seeing through wavelength; To S
0Divided by behind the coefficient with S
1And S
2A Stokes spectrum cube is formed in combination, utilizes this data cube to carry out target detection and identification, thereby accomplishes the process of data acquisition and image restoration.
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104075998A (en) * | 2014-07-03 | 2014-10-01 | 西北工业大学 | Near-infrared polarization invisible anti-fake element identification system |
| CN104330363A (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2015-02-04 | 厦门市美亚柏科信息股份有限公司 | Spectral imaging analysis system, imaging and analyzing method using same |
| CN106289542A (en) * | 2016-07-26 | 2017-01-04 | 北京理工大学 | A kind of radiation correction method of preposition polaroid type infrared polarization imaging system |
| CN106289542B (en) * | 2016-07-26 | 2018-10-30 | 北京理工大学 | A kind of radiation correction method of preposition polaroid type infrared polarization imaging system |
| CN107101949A (en) * | 2017-06-08 | 2017-08-29 | 湖北器长光电股份有限公司 | A kind of EO-1 hyperion micro-imaging based on LCTF and polarization modulating arrangement and method |
| CN107356334A (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2017-11-17 | 华中光电技术研究所（中国船舶重工集团公司第七七研究所） | A kind of online scaling system of infrared spectrum polarization imager and calibrating method |
| CN109991768A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2019-07-09 | 帕洛阿尔托研究中心公司 | For being distributed the exit pupil expander of light in LC variable delayed device |
| CN109991768B (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2023-11-21 | 帕洛阿尔托研究中心公司 | Exit pupil expander for distributing light over a liquid crystal variable retarder |
| CN108955879A (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2018-12-07 | 广州星博科仪有限公司 | Portable liquid crystal multi-optical spectrum imaging system |
| CN108955879B (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2024-02-06 | 广州星博科仪有限公司 | Portable liquid crystal multispectral imaging system |
| CN113454428A (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2021-09-28 | 开米美景公司 | Covert identification system and method |
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