CN102712305A - Brake system of a two-axle two-track motor vehicle - Google Patents
Brake system of a two-axle two-track motor vehicle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102712305A CN102712305A CN2010800536466A CN201080053646A CN102712305A CN 102712305 A CN102712305 A CN 102712305A CN 2010800536466 A CN2010800536466 A CN 2010800536466A CN 201080053646 A CN201080053646 A CN 201080053646A CN 102712305 A CN102712305 A CN 102712305A
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- brake
- wheel
- pedal
- axletree
- axle
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- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000004350 Strabismus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
- B60T8/26—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force characterised by producing differential braking between front and rear wheels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
- B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
- B60W30/18009—Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations
- B60W30/18109—Braking
- B60W30/18127—Regenerative braking
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Regulating Braking Force (AREA)
- Braking Elements And Transmission Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a braking system of a two-axle, two-track motor vehicle (20) having a first hydraulic service brake associated with one of the two axles (21, 22), by means of which friction brakes (12, 13) provided on the wheels (21a, 21b) of said axle (21) can be hydraulically actuated by the driver of the motor vehicle by actuating a brake pedal (23) or the like in the context of specifying a negative forward drive without interconnecting a servo brake, and having a second electromotive service brake associated with the other axle (22), by means of which brake the wheels (22a, 22b) of said other axle (22) are braked by at least one electric motor (10, 11) actuated such that no critical brake slip takes place on the wheels (22a, 22b) of said axle (22) by the driver by means of actuating the same brake pedal (23) and interconnecting an anti-lock braking system. The electric motor (10, 11) braking the wheels of one axle can function as a drive system and drive the wheel(s) (22a, 22b) of said axle (22) when the driver indicates a positive forward drive of the vehicle. Alternatively or additionally, each wheel of the axle that can be braked by an electric motor can be associated with an electric motor actuating a friction brake associated with said wheel.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of brake system of automobile of two-axle two-wheel rut of trackless.As everyone knows, the automobile of such motion can be by the manipulation of automobilist through brake pedal etc. by means of so-called service brake braking up to dead ship condition, the driver is through the negative expectation of advancing of brake pedal regulation.This service brake affacts on whole four wheels of twin shaft two-wheel rut automobile, so that can reach high as far as possible deceleration value.
Background technology
The car of automobile, particularly less version in the future will increase motor-driven, that is can be produced positive the advancing of automobile by motor.This needs the technology that still expends at present of power storage, particularly in these automobiles, promotes extremely light-duty structure.On this meaning, any system of automobile should constitute light as far as possible.But in known basically brake system of car, to consider other criterion, for example extra high security requirement, even because must be possible when components of system as directed lost efficacy, braking vehicle also can reach dead ship condition reliably.On this meaning, stipulate two brake circuits independent of each other as everyone knows in accordance with the law.
Summary of the invention
Current will pointing out the objective of the invention is to, and considering how to improve automobile, the particularly brake system of the automobile of electrification under the situation of having mentioned about the requirement of lightweight construction.
The solution of this purpose is the brake system of the twin shaft two-wheel rut automobile of trackless; It comprises: first service brake that is the hydraulic pressure of an axle arrangement in two axletrees; Via this first service brake; Connect under the situation of braking force enhancer the friction brake that is provided with on can hydraulic actuated each wheel in the middle of at a said axletree through brake activation pedal or analogue (on the negative predetermined meaning of advancing of regulation) by the automobilist; Second service brake for the electric motor type of another axle arrangement; Each wheel of this another axletree is braked by this second service brake through at least one motor under the situation of centre connection anti-blocking brake system by the same brake pedal of driver control; Said at least one motor is by so control, the brake slip of promptly on each wheel of this another axletree, not causing danger.
According to the present invention, automobile has the service braking system of a hydraulic brake system and an electric motor type, and each of these systems is the configurations of one of two axletrees.Because two brake system independent of each other basically satisfy (in accordance with the law) safety procedure, but two mutual parallel operations of brake system, and through utilize the negative expectations of advancing of regulation such as its brake pedal to satisfy by the driver.For (be weight reduce ground) as far as possible gently constitutes hydraulic brake system; Squeeze piston by the driver by means of its brake pedal out-of-position what is called in known manner therein and squeeze hydraulic medium; The brake piston that therefore it so squint and on the friction brake of corresponding wheel, be provided with; Promptly thus the friction lining of this friction brake is pressed to brake disc or brake wheel with the rotation of corresponding automotive wheel, abandon so far braking force enhancer common on hydraulic brake system.Known equally; The driver can brakeless power enhancer same comfortable and simply and as nowadays common hydraulic brake system with braking force enhancer with the less such hydraulic brake system of power consumption manipulation; Because be different from nowadays common hydraulic brake system, the only axletree in two axletrees of automobile must be braked by this hydraulic method.
Notion at current " the braking force enhancer of each system " should be understood that; It adds subsidiary load for the actuating force of driver on its brake pedal or analogue when each manipulation of hydraulic drg, through this subsidiary load the friction lining of friction brake is pressed to brake disc or brake wheel or analogue.The common vacuum brake power enhancer that squeezes in the mechanical drive route between the piston in brake pedal and master brake cylinder should be understood that the braking force enhancer in car especially.But other possible forms of implementation that should comprise the braking force enhancer equally.Therefore importantly current, one of two axletrees of automobile equipment hydraulic drg, it can be only through driver control, and no subsidiary load imports, and can make automobile arrive dead ship condition thus on request.Should not get rid of only abandoning under the exception as special acting system under dangerous travel conditions because of the braking force enhancer according to of the present invention; It is independent of driver's regulation or handles preferably and can only on a wheel of an axletree, produce brake action, for example in order to stablize automobile.
In addition according to the present invention's another axletree with the motor braking automobile, if also can use electromobile the time, the expense that then this especially can be low especially realizes.At least one same in this case motor (it drives a wheel or each wheel of an axletree) can preferably be braked a wheel or each wheel of this axletree with the energy recovery mode.Like this service brake and the hydraulic drg mating reaction that on another axletree, is provided with at the electric motor type of setting on one of two axletrees; Can be with enough decelerations until the lighter car of dead ship condition braking, because motor can produce sufficiently high moment for its (produce positive advance) driving function and for its braking function (this braking function is preferably carried out) in the operation with the energy recovery mode of motor.
But by selecting or adding; Electric motor type braking according to an axletree of automobile of the present invention also is possible thus; Be this axletree and each wheel configuration motor that is preferably this axletree that can brake by means of the service brake of electric motor type, this motor is handled and is this axletree and the friction brake that is preferably corresponding wheel configuration.
The important characteristic of another invention is, integrated known braking anti-lock function for technical personnel at least in the control of the motor of the service brake of electric motor type.Known, control the brake slip of promptly between each wheel and traffic way, not causing danger like this via the car brake that each wheel acts on traffic way.Such control also is integrated in brake pedal now and implements in the Quality Initiative between the motor of braking; That is according to the motor of controlling the service brake of described electric motor type by the driver with the negative expectation of advancing of its brake pedal or analogue regulation like this; The brake slip of promptly not causing danger between by wheel of motor braking or each wheel and traffic way does not particularly cause the locking of a wheel or each wheel.Certainly recommend, but the axletree that is not merely the electric motor type braking is provided with such braking anti-lock function, and on another is provided with the axletree of hydraulic drg, the braking anti-lock function is set, as nowadays common common for the brake system of car of hydraulic pressure.
Suggestion is in addition squeezed the driving device that machinery is set the mechanical drive route the piston at (the having mentioned) hydraulic pressure from brake pedal or analogue to the hydraulic drg, and it is included in variable transmitting ratio in the manipulation displacement of pedal or analogue.In the design that is fit to of this mechanical drive; The known extremely different form of implementation form of cam driving gear (for example with) for technical personnel wherein; Even in the service brake of hydraulic pressure, be not provided with the braking force enhancer and the service brake of electric motor type simultaneously (at least one) but in the control that is fit to of the simple realization of motor; On brake pedal, also can constitute such for the driver according to the appreciable pedal sense of its pedal control, as the common that kind of brake system at so far hydraulic pressure with braking force enhancer.But be for what reach that such effect also maybe be enough; The dead point spring was set on brake pedal; Its spring force at first significantly increases when little pedal displacement, then on pedal displacement, produces platform in the treadle effort change curve of expression actuating force and causes the increase of treadle effort along with the pedal displacement that still continues again.
To also having other advantages for the braking force enhancer of hydraulic brake system configuration according to of the present invention abandoning: the energy that need not add is in order to handle such braking force enhancer.Express in other words once more, design like this, promptly except that the possible independent motor of the service brake of electric motor type, do not need other braking force support according to brake system of the present invention.This is simple possible about the brake system of hydraulic pressure; Because the axletree of braking by hydraulic way for unique needs needs less hydraulic pressure volume, the therefore relative less master brake cylinder of hydraulic brake system so far is enough and it can reach identical brake-pressure when less actuating force.Driver oneself can apply this less braking force, thereby can abandon the braking force enhancer.If the motor as the electric motor type service brake adopts original existing drive motor, then the service brake system for automobile does not in fact need independently braking force support fully.
To point out once more that also the brake system of electric motor type is strong when playing the motor of automotive proplsion effect enough, needn't have other motor because this strong motor this in the operation of energy recovery mode, also can reach sufficiently high brake action.If should be not enough with the brake action of energy recovery mode, then possible, the axletree of driving can be braked this motor.But by selecting fully other motor to be set, it does not produce brake action on the axletree for the configuration of hydraulic drg at this, and its mode especially is: this motor is handled friction brake.In addition by selecting also at least one motor only to be set, it handles at least one friction brake (latter be specially adapted to automobile can motor-driven situation) on will be by the axletree of motor braking.
This relates to pedal drive ratio variable on the pedal displacement of brake pedal as stated, and for example corresponding physical construction can be simulated nowadays common treadle effort-pedal displacement-characteristic curve and thus the brake pedal feel of being accustomed to informed the driver.Simple mechanical solution can be a throw of lever, and it causes the pedal drive ratio of change on pedal displacement in manipulation process.This produces the little increase of actuating force on pedal displacement when brake pedal or analogue are handled beginning, and to the termination of possible pedal displacement the time, handling the big increase that actuating force is set in the displacement.
Description of drawings
Attached schematic diagram illustrates embodiments of the invention.
The specific embodiment
Represent the two-axle automobile of two-wheel rut with mark 20, therefore it have four wheel 21a and 21b and 22a and 22b.Wheel 21a and 21b are the component parts of automobile front axle 21, and wheel 22a and 22b are on the automobile hind axle 22.In the drawings, be the motor 10,11 of of each wheel 22a of rear axle 22,22b configuration self, can drive and preferably brake corresponding wheel 22a, 22b with the energy recovery mode through said motor.Two motors 10,11 are the component part of the service brake of service brake 10-11 or the electric motor type of structure electric motor type therefore.Also be that each front- wheel 21a, 21b dispose a drg; They constitute the form of common friction brake 12,13; They are hydraulically handled with common mode, thus the component part of the service brake of the service brake 12-13 of these hydraulic operated friction brakes 12,13 formation hydraulic pressure or hydraulic pressure.
If common via the service brake 12-13 of brake pedal hydraulic pressure and the service brake 10-11 of electric motor type, then by the automobilist with common mode brake activation pedal.This deflectable brake pedal 23 with the fixing hitch point of automobile in pedal displacement sensor 4 is set, thereby its detects the braking expectation of handling angle and driver.The signal of this pedal displacement sensor 4 is handled in the control unit 5 of brake system of car, to also discussing below it.But at first should be mentioned that the driving device 2 of the machinery that is provided with between the brake cylinder 1 (being master brake cylinder 1) at brake pedal 23 and hydraulic pressure; It causes; Utilize the manipulation of confirming of brake pedal 23, make the hydraulic pressure that in master brake cylinder 1, is provided with squeeze piston and move with corresponding definite degree.
Constitute the master brake cylinder 1 of component part of the service brake 12-13 of same formation hydraulic pressure with the known mode of technical personnel; Do not relate to (common in the brake equipment of double loop) tandem type brake cylinder here, and relate to (braking) loop of unique hydraulic pressure that unique brake cylinder is used for the service brake 12-13 of hydraulic pressure.The brake circuit of the hydraulic pressure that this is unique is right after and as usually, is constituting basically after the master brake cylinder 1, that is it is with the hydraulic operated friction brake 12,13 of each hydraulic tubing via the front axle 21 of the hydraulic module that comprises valve and so-called dump pump 96 guiding automobiles 20.
Just now the hydraulic module of mentioning 6 is component parts of the control unit that is used for brake system of car 5 equally mentioned; This control unit comprises many other known elements of technical personnel; In these elements; Only mention pressure sensor 7 here in order to be determined at the hydraulic pressure from the hydraulic tubing that brake cylinder 1 feeds the hydraulic module 6; And mention electronic control unit 8, it is responsible for the control of each valve in the hydraulic module 6 and the control of motor 10,11, as long as the effect of the service brake 10-11 of latter's electrizer formula.Particularly in this electronic control unit 8, comprise anti-blocking brake system; It is needing under the situation by technical personnel known mode to regulate or be limited in the braking force that acts on the corresponding wheel 21a-22b, and locking that long period of each wheel continues or the brake slip of between wheel 21a-22b and traffic way, not causing danger promptly do not take place.As known and common, this anti-blocking brake system can comprise ESP electronic stability program (ESP) in addition.
Visible by above explanation; The brake system of this automobile 20 as automobile in common that kind comprise two so-called brake circuits, promptly be included in here the service brake 10-11 with the electric motor type that disposes for rear axle here for the service brake 12-13 of the hydraulic pressure of front axle 21 configurations.The service brake 12-13 that relates to hydraulic pressure importantly, does not have in the effect chain between brake pedal 23 and master brake cylinder 1 otherwise common braking force enhancer in the service brake at two circuit hydraulic pressure.This specified before the explanation of embodiment.
To discuss once more now at brake pedal 23 and master brake cylinder 1 or its unshowned in the drawings mechanical drive 2 that is provided with between the piston that squeezes.It here constitutes through simple rod gear or coupling mechanism, on brake pedal 23, acts on dead point spring 3 in addition.Mechanical drive 2 be formed on the pedal displacement that is can change in the deflection of brake pedal 23, with the mobile relevant transmitting ratio that squeezes piston that in master brake cylinder 1, causes thus; And make when handling the system pedal near adjust such for the driver according to the appreciable pedal sense of its pedal control, as that kind common on the hydraulic brake system that has the braking force enhancer so far.On this meaning; The said dead point spring 3 of crossing works current additionally, and it produces the change curve of the actuating force of brake pedal 23 about the expectation of the manipulation displacement of brake pedal with the hydraulic pressure that in the hydraulic circuit of the service brake 12-13 of hydraulic pressure, acts on the piston in squeezing of master brake cylinder 1.Treadle effort also can be only through the driving device 2 of machinery or only through spring element or analogue generation by selection about the change curve of the expectation of pedal displacement.
The combination of suggestion here: the quantity of the automobile of two-axle two-wheel rut be one by the cancellation of the axletree of hydraulic braking (because including only the service brake 10-11 of electric motor type) at rear axle 22 under the present case, have in the automobile of service brake of hydraulic pressure otherwise the cancellation of the braking force enhancer that is provided with and learn with the maneuvering motion of the transmitting ratio that can compatibly change for brake pedal 23, its advantage is summarized as follows:
Under the situation of the substantially the same pedal sense of design of today relatively; When handling service brake through brake activation pedal 23; Do not have under the situation of additional braking force support, the energy that in the service brake 12-13 of hydraulic pressure, need not add is used for slowing down.Less according to brake system weight of the present invention, this also promotes the active distance of automobile and reduces its discharging.The structure space income is also brought significant advantage.Needn't consider the inefficacy of (non-existent) braking force enhancer in addition; And the inefficacy of the service brake 10-11 of electric motor type is to the actuating force not influence of brake pedal 23 about its pedal displacement; This means the safety income; To point out clearly also that wherein the form of implementation of the service brake 10-1 of the electric motor type that illustrates in an embodiment is exemplary.Can be by selection for two wheel 22a, 22b dispose a common motor, it plays the service brake of drive motor and electrizer formula.By selecting, one or more motors also can be handled on the axletree of the service brake that is equipped with electric motor type or the friction brake on each wheel at this axletree.
Claims (5)
1. the brake system of twin shaft two-wheel rut automobile (20); This brake system is included as first service brake (12-13) of the hydraulic pressure of an axle arrangement in two axletrees (21,22); Each wheel (21a, 21b) of a said axletree (21) go up the friction brake (12,13) that is provided with can by the automobilist through the situation of brake activation pedal (23) or analogue connection braking force enhancer in the middle of not having on the negative meaning of advancing of regulation under via this first service brake by hydraulic actuated; This brake system also is included as second service brake (10-11) of the electric motor type of another axletree (22) configuration; Each wheel of this another axletree (22) (22a, 22b) is braked by second service brake through at least one motor (10,11) under the situation of centre connection anti-blocking brake system (5,8) by the same brake pedal of driver control (23); Said at least one motor is by so control, the brake slip of promptly on each wheel (22a, 22b) of this another axletree (22), not causing danger.
2. according to the described brake system of claim 1; It is characterized in that; The motor (10,11) of braking each wheel (22a, 22b) of an axletree (22) plays actuating device for the situation of just advancing of driver's regulation automobile, and drives a wheel or each wheel (22a, 22b) of this axletree (22).
3. according to claim 1 or 2 described brake system, it is characterized in that, for can electric motor type the motor of the friction brake that disposes for this wheel of manipulation of each wheel configuration of axletree of braking.
4. according to one of an aforesaid right requirement described brake system; It is characterized in that; The hydraulic pressure from brake pedal (23) or analogue to the service brake (12-13) of hydraulic pressure squeezes the mechanical drive route of piston, mechanical drive (2) is set, this mechanical drive has variable transmitting ratio in the manipulation displacement of brake pedal (23) or analogue.
5. one of require a described brake system according to aforesaid right, it is characterized in that, what it was included in that brake pedal (23) goes up effect crosses dead point spring (3).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102009057648.7 | 2009-12-09 | ||
| DE102009057648A DE102009057648A1 (en) | 2009-12-09 | 2009-12-09 | Braking system of a two-axle two-lane motor vehicle |
| PCT/EP2010/067695 WO2011069790A1 (en) | 2009-12-09 | 2010-11-17 | Brake system of a two-axle two-track motor vehicle |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102712305A true CN102712305A (en) | 2012-10-03 |
| CN102712305B CN102712305B (en) | 2014-11-05 |
Family
ID=43629107
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201080053646.6A Active CN102712305B (en) | 2009-12-09 | 2010-11-17 | Brake system of a two-axle two-track motor vehicle |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2509833A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN102712305B (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102009057648A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2011069790A1 (en) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4658939A (en) * | 1984-03-19 | 1987-04-21 | Alfred Teves Gmbh | Process and apparatus for the control of a brake unit for automotive vehicles |
| US5551764A (en) * | 1992-11-24 | 1996-09-03 | Itt Automotive Europe Gmbh | Brake system for automotive vehicles with electric drive |
| EP1659017A1 (en) * | 2004-11-20 | 2006-05-24 | LuK Lamellen und Kupplungsbau Beteiligungs KG | Apparatus for reduction of the pedal force |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7926888B2 (en) * | 2005-07-15 | 2011-04-19 | Bwi Company Limited S.A. | Braking apparatus |
| DE102008005043A1 (en) * | 2008-01-18 | 2009-07-23 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Brake arrangement for two axle two-track motor vehicle i.e. passenger car, has friction brakes attached to rear axle-wheels and additional friction brakes actuated by controlling electronic control unit and attached to front axle-wheels |
| DE102008001013A1 (en) * | 2008-04-04 | 2009-10-08 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Hydraulic vehicle brake system |
-
2009
- 2009-12-09 DE DE102009057648A patent/DE102009057648A1/en active Pending
-
2010
- 2010-11-17 EP EP10781878A patent/EP2509833A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-11-17 CN CN201080053646.6A patent/CN102712305B/en active Active
- 2010-11-17 WO PCT/EP2010/067695 patent/WO2011069790A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4658939A (en) * | 1984-03-19 | 1987-04-21 | Alfred Teves Gmbh | Process and apparatus for the control of a brake unit for automotive vehicles |
| US5551764A (en) * | 1992-11-24 | 1996-09-03 | Itt Automotive Europe Gmbh | Brake system for automotive vehicles with electric drive |
| EP1659017A1 (en) * | 2004-11-20 | 2006-05-24 | LuK Lamellen und Kupplungsbau Beteiligungs KG | Apparatus for reduction of the pedal force |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2509833A1 (en) | 2012-10-17 |
| CN102712305B (en) | 2014-11-05 |
| WO2011069790A1 (en) | 2011-06-16 |
| DE102009057648A1 (en) | 2011-06-16 |
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