A kind of Energy-saving electricity charging machine
Technical field
The invention belongs to electric circuit technical field, relate to a kind of charger, particularly relate to a kind of Energy-saving electricity charging machine.
Background technology
At present, there is charger miscellaneous on the market, divide by step-down rectifier mode, conventional charger has two classes, one class is with the rectification of rectifier transformer buck diode, and primarily of rectifier transformer (ZB) and rectifier (ZL) composition, its operation principle as shown in Figure 1, there is provided the alternating voltage with load matched by rectifier transformer (ZB), forming pulse direct current by diode rectification is charge in batteries.The transformer wherein adopted belongs to induction equipment, power factor is low, power consumption is large, transformer is inductive load on the one hand simultaneously, electric network reactive-load will be consumed while consuming electric network active, and electromagnetic conversion and transformer heating etc. have certain active loss, charger is larger in charging initial stage charging current on the other hand, charging charging current in latter stage is zero substantially, adopt this kind of charger, in whole charging process, charging current changes from big to small, charging effect does not have constant current charge good, requirement when meeting maximum current will be considered when being exactly configuration rectifier diode again, configure larger rectifier cell.Controllable silicon step-down rectifier used by another kind of common charger, and its operation principle as shown in Figure 2, adjusts DC voltage and electric current by SCR Trigger Angle.This type of charger energy consumption is large, and can change frequency and the waveform of electrical network when charging, and produces harmonic wave, the wireless device cisco unity malfunctions such as neighbouring television set, computer, mobile phone, and high to the requirement of operative employee, does not slightly note damaging charger.The higher shortcoming of energy consumption all deposited by above-mentioned two class chargers; especially also there is the defect having high order harmonic component to pollute to electrical network in thyristor charger; simultaneously due in prior art charger without no-load protection with sample control loop; often cause protecting imperfection; security performance is poor, and output current regulates very inconvenient.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problem, the invention provides a kind of easy to operate, safe and reliable, energy consumption is little, the Energy-saving electricity charging machine of no-harmonic wave pollution.
The present invention is achieved mainly through following technical scheme:
A kind of Energy-saving electricity charging machine, comprise step-down current stabilization circuit, residual current circuit breaker and rectifier, on the live wire that residual current circuit breaker is connected to power supply as battery main switch and zero line, be serially connected on power firestreak after the Capacitance parallel connection that described step-down current stabilization circuit is not waited by many pool-sizes, the zero-power line that the input of described rectifier controls with residual current circuit breaker respectively and the power firestreak being in series with Capacitor banks that residual current circuit breaker controls are connected, and the output of rectifier is connected on storage battery to be charged and realizes charging.
Further improvement of the present invention, described step-down current stabilization circuit is serially connected on power firestreak after adopting 4 groups not wait electric capacity C1, the electric capacity C2 of capacity, electric capacity C3, electric capacity C4 parallel connection.
Of the present inventionly improve further again, the two ends of described electric capacity C1, electric capacity C2, electric capacity C3, electric capacity C4 are all parallel with resistance R1, resistance R2, resistance R3, resistance R4 as discharge resistance.
Of the present inventionly improve further again, described rectifier adopts bridge rectifier.
Of the present inventionly improve further again, described step-down current stabilization circuit utilizes universal seclector to control the switching of many group electric capacity.
Of the present inventionly improve further again, described charger output is parallel with no-load protection device, no-load protection device often open auxiliary contact A and residual current circuit breaker test button is in parallel.
Of the present inventionly to improve further again, described charger output is provided with sampling controller, one end of sampling controller is connected with charger negative pole of output end, the other end is connected with by the positive pole filling the First storage battery of batteries, and the test button often opening auxiliary contact B and residual current circuit breaker of sampling controller is in parallel.
Of the present inventionly to improve further again, described no-load protection device and sampling controller are by diode, triode, resistance R5, resistance R6, resistance R7, resistance R8, electric capacity C5, voltage stabilizing didoe, potentiometer and relay composition, just voltage setting value is different, described resistance R5, R7 and potentiometer composition series connection pressure sampling circuit, different sampling voltage value can be obtained by adjustment potentiometer, voltage stabilizing didoe and resistance R8 is adopted to provide transistor emitter benchmark comparative voltage, when charging voltage reaches set point, triode saturation conduction, relay coil obtains electric work, thus control the operating state of charger.
Of the present inventionly to improve further again, described charger output cathode line is in series with overload protective device, and is parallel with reversal connection indicator light at overload protective device two ends.
Of the present inventionly improve further again, described charger adopts neon lamp as power supply indicator, and one end of neon lamp is connected with power firestreak, and the other end is connected with charger shell, the charger earthing of casing.
Of the present inventionly improve further again, described charger output cathode line is in series with ammeter, and charger output is parallel with voltmeter.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
1, the present invention replaces transformer pressure-reducing owing to utilizing capacitor, utilizes single-phases full bridge rectifier rectification, than single-phase silicon-controlled charger economize on electricity more than 70%, than the charger economize on electricity more than 13% of transformer pressure-reducing, reaches energy-efficient effect.
2, the ingenious test button two ends wire by residual current circuit breaker of the present invention is drawn; with no-load protection device often open auxiliary contact parallel connection; when no-load protection device detects that charger output is opened a way, the action of no-load protection device, it is often opened auxiliary contact and closes; be equivalent to the test button of short circuit residual current circuit breaker; then residual current circuit breaker tripping operation, Live line Zero line disconnects all simultaneously, and charger and power supply depart from completely; by neon lamp identification power firestreak and zero line, use very safe.
3, the sampling control circuit that the present invention adopts can detect automatically by the voltage of charging bottle, when battery voltage rises to certain value time, shows that storage battery is full of, and sampling controller is often opened auxiliary contact and closed, leak electricity short-circuit device tripping operation power-off.The advantage of this control mode is the phenomenon that can not produce storage battery overcharge, is needed how many electricity just to fill how many electricity by charging bottle, can not overcharge, guarantees the useful life of storage battery.
4, the present invention adopts overload protective device as the element of reverse connecting protection, and when a failure occurs it, overload protective device disconnects, and cuts off output circuit, after failture evacuation, is resetted, and can continue again to use.Meanwhile, we are reversal connection indicator light in parallel at overload protective device two ends, and when storage battery reversal connection, overload protective device disconnects, and battery voltage is added on reversal connection indicator light, and reversal connection indicator light is bright, indication fault phenomenon.Failture evacuation, can Reusability and need not changing after overload protective device resets.
5, the present invention adopts universal seclector to regulate charger output current, and easy to adjust, scope is also wide.
6, the present invention adopts neon lamp as power supply indicator, is equivalent on charger, installed an electroprobe, and when charger is installed, power firestreak zero line connects right, and power supply indicator is shinny, otherwise power supply indicator does not work, and is convenient to user and correctly installs charger.
7, the present invention has no-power compensation function, uses in a large number, is equivalent to carry out large-scale reactive power compensation to whole electrical network, can improve power factor of electric network, reduces the loss of voltage, improves the ability of whole electrical network conveying electricity.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is rectifier transformer buck diode rectification charging machine schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is controllable silicon step-down rectifier charger schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is circuit structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is another embodiment of the present invention circuit structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is no-load protection device of the present invention and sampling controller schematic diagram.
In figure: 1-step-down current stabilization circuit, 2-rectifier, 3-universal seclector, 4-residual current circuit breaker; 5-no-load protection device, 6-sampling controller, 7-overload protective device, 8-reversal connection indicator light; 9-power supply indicator, 10-voltmeter, 11-ammeter, 12-test button; 13-often opens auxiliary contact A, and 14-often opens auxiliary contact B, 15-live wire; 16-zero line, 17-diode, 18-triode; 19-voltage stabilizing didoe, 20-potentiometer, 21-relay.
Embodiment
Technical scheme of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
As shown in Figure 3, Figure 4, a kind of Energy-saving electricity charging machine, comprise step-down current stabilization circuit 1, residual current circuit breaker 4 and rectifier 2, on the live wire 15 that residual current circuit breaker 4 is connected to power supply as battery main switch and zero line 16, be serially connected on power firestreak 15 after the Capacitance parallel connection that described step-down current stabilization circuit 1 is not waited by many pool-sizes, the zero-power line 16 that the input of described rectifier 2 controls with residual current circuit breaker 4 respectively and the power firestreak 15 being in series with Capacitor banks that residual current circuit breaker 4 controls are connected, and the output of rectifier 2 is connected on storage battery to be charged and realizes charging.
Further improvement of the present invention, described step-down current stabilization circuit is connected on power firestreak 15 after adopting 4 groups not wait electric capacity C1, the electric capacity C2 of capacity, electric capacity C3, electric capacity C4 parallel connection.
Adopt technique scheme, be because only need 4 groups of storage battery chargings not waiting the electric capacity of capacity to meet different model, reduce the use cost of main element capacitor simultaneously.
Of the present inventionly improve further again, the two ends of described electric capacity C1, electric capacity C2, electric capacity C3, electric capacity C4 are all parallel with resistance R1, resistance R2, resistance R3, resistance R4 as discharge resistance.
Adopt technique scheme, be that the electric charge on electric capacity is bled off by discharge resistance because when charger quits work, accelerate the velocity of discharge, and then improve charger security performance.
Of the present inventionly improve further again, described rectifier 2 adopts bridge rectifier.
Adopt technique scheme, that halfwave rectifier utilizes diode unilateral conduction characteristic, when being input as standard sine wave because bridge rectifier improves the one of diode halfwave rectifier, export the positive half obtaining sine wave to divide, negative half part then loses.And bridge rectifier utilizes four diodes, dock between two, it is two conductings by all means that the positive half of input sine wave is divided, and obtains positive output, the negative half portion timesharing of input sine wave, another two conductings by all means, because this two is reversal connection by all means, still obtains sinusoidal wave positive half divide so export, therefore the utilization ratio of bridge rectifier to input sine wave is adopted to double than halfwave rectifier, reach energy-efficient further, and structure is simple, more economical.
Of the present inventionly improve further again, described step-down current stabilization circuit 1 utilizes universal seclector 3 to control the switching of many group electric capacity.
Adopt technique scheme, because utilize universal seclector 3 can change the capacity dropping into electric capacity, to change the output current of charger, meet the storage battery charging needs of the specification that varies in size, the electric capacity that the present invention adopts four pool-sizes not wait, universal seclector 3 contact four is right, can adjust 11 grades of output currents varied in size.
Of the present inventionly improve further again, described charger output is parallel with no-load protection device 5, no-load protection device 5 often open auxiliary contact A13 and residual current circuit breaker 4 test button 12 is in parallel.
Adopt technique scheme; when no-load protection device 5 detects that charger output is opened a way; no-load protection device 5 action; it is often opened auxiliary contact A13 and closes; be equivalent to the test button 12 of short circuit residual current circuit breaker 4, then residual current circuit breaker 4 trips, and live wire 15, zero line 16 disconnect all simultaneously; charger and power supply depart from completely, and then ensure charger safety in utilization
Of the present inventionly to improve further again, described charger output is provided with sampling controller 6, one end of sampling controller 6 is connected with charger negative pole of output end, the other end is connected with by the positive pole filling the First storage battery of batteries, and the test button 12 often opening auxiliary contact B14 and residual current circuit breaker 4 of sampling controller 6 is in parallel.
By technique scheme, when battery voltage rises to certain value time, show that storage battery is full of, sampling controller 6 is often opened auxiliary contact B14 and is closed, residual current circuit breaker 4 trips power-off, can not produce storage battery overcharge phenomenon, thus guarantee the useful life of storage battery.
As shown in Figure 5; no-load protection device 5 of the present invention and sampling controller 6 are evenly made up of diode 17, triode 18, resistance R5, resistance R6, resistance R7, resistance R8, electric capacity C5, voltage stabilizing didoe 19, potentiometer 20 and relay 21, and just voltage setting value is different.Described resistance R5, R7 and potentiometer 20 form series connection pressure sampling circuit, different sampling voltage value can be obtained by adjustment potentiometer 20, voltage stabilizing didoe 19 and resistance R8 is adopted to provide triode 18 emitter benchmark comparative voltage, when charging voltage reaches set point, triode 18 saturation conduction, relay 21 coil obtains electric work, thus controls the operating state of charger.
Of the present inventionly to improve further again, described charger output cathode line is in series with overload protective device 7, is parallel with reversal connection indicator light 8 at overload protective device 7 two ends.
Adopt technique scheme, when a failure occurs it, overload protective device 7 disconnects, and cuts off output circuit, after failture evacuation, is resetted, and can continue again to use.Meanwhile, when at overload protective device 7 two ends, reversal connection indicator light 8 in parallel is when storage battery reversal connection, overload protective device 7 disconnects, and battery voltage is added on reversal connection indicator light 8, and reversal connection indicator light 8 is bright, indication fault phenomenon.After failture evacuation, can Reusability and need not changing after overload protective device 7 resets.
Of the present inventionly improve further again, described charger adopts neon lamp as power supply indicator 9, and one end of neon lamp is connected with power firestreak 15, and the other end is connected with charger shell, the charger earthing of casing.
Adopt technique scheme, be equivalent on charger, installed an electroprobe, when charger is installed, power firestreak 15 zero line 16 connects right, and power supply indicator 9 is shinny, otherwise power supply instruction etc. do not work, and are convenient to user and correctly install charger.
Of the present inventionly improve further again, described charger output cathode line is in series with ammeter 11, and charger output is parallel with voltmeter 10.
Adopt technique scheme, electric current by charger and magnitude of voltage can be read more intuitively by ammeter 11 and voltmeter 10.
Adopting the technical program, is that energy consumption is little, thus reaches energy-efficient effect because capacitance decompression can reduce to consume electric network active and electric network reactive-load; Adopt capacity voltage dropping circuit to be a kind of small-sized current circuit simultaneously, have that volume is little, cost is low, the metastable advantage of electric current; Again, adopt capacitance decompression, rectifier 2 rectification, can not change frequency and the waveform of electrical network when charger charges, thus reduces charger to the pollution of electrical network generation high order harmonic component.
No-load protection device and each element effect of sampling controller and operating principle thereof:
As shown in Figure 5, resistance R5, R7 and potentiometer 20 form series connection pressure sampling circuit, and can obtain different sampling voltage value by adjustment potentiometer 20, electric capacity C5 is used for absorption peak pulse voltage.The inverse electromotive force that diode 17 produces for relay 21 shutdown transient coil of releasing, to protect triode 18.Triode 18 for control relay 21 action whether.Voltage stabilizing didoe 19 and resistance R8 are used for providing triode 18 emitter benchmark comparative voltage, and by the action of its action control charger whether relay 21 for.When charging voltage reaches set point, triode 18 saturation conduction, relay 21 coil obtains electric work, thus controls the operating state of charger.
Protection scope of the present invention is not limited only to technical scheme and the technical scheme described by embodiment part in specification, and all combinations that make use of step-down current stabilization circuit and rectifier 2 all fall into protection scope of the present invention as the design of charger.