CN102706345A - Maneuvering target tracking method based on fading memory sequential detector - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a maneuvering target tracking method based on a fading memory sequential detector. Aiming at advantages and disadvantages of a decision-based single-model tracking method and a multi-model tracking method, the invention provides the maneuvering target tracking method based on the fading memory sequential detector. The method comprises the following steps of: performing Kalman filter-unscented Kalman filter (KF-UKF) combined filtration, wherein Kalman filtration based on a uniform model is adopted for a non-maneuvering target; when a maneuvering target is detected, expanding the dimension of a coefficient of variation (CV) model, and performing state estimation by adopting an unscented Kalman filter (UKF); detecting maneuvering by using the fading memory sequential detector; and after the maneuvering is detected, correcting a dimension expanded state vector and a covariance matrix, so that the matched state is matched with the actual moving mode. By the method, the state of the target can be corrected in real time, and matched filters can be selected according to different moving modes, so that the tracking precision is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to maneuver detection and maneuvering target tracking field, relate to a kind of maneuvering target tracking method based on decay memory sequential detector.
Background technology
All have a wide range of applications in the military-civil fields such as maneuvering target tracking traffic control aloft (ATC) in recent years,, ground investigation supervision, homing.The difficulty of maneuvering target tracking mainly comes from the uncertainty of target travel and state observation.The uncertain uncertainty that is meant target identities of observation belongs to the category of multiple target tracking; The uncertainty of the uncertain main feeling the pulse with the finger-tip mark motion model of target travel; Mainly comprise: unknown motor-driven input and process noise statistical nature; These factors all can cause trace model and target travel mode mismatch, cause tracking performance to descend, and can cause filtering divergence when serious.
Current, various maneuvering target tracking researchs all are that the motor-driven uncertainty of surrounding target is launched, and become two types of main maneuvering target tracking methods based on the single model method and the multi-model process of making a strategic decision.
Because the maneuvering target motor pattern is represented by model usually, thereby in fact the target travel mode decision in the maneuvering target tracking is exactly the target movement model decision-making.It is one of technology relevant with the model decision-making in the current mobility target following that target maneuver detects.In the tracing process, after the target travel pattern changes, can cause the mismatch of Filtering Model and motor pattern usually, cause filtering error to increase, must make adjustment timely to used Filtering Model by corresponding mode decision process.Maneuver detection is exactly through detecting motor-driven generation, adjusting a kind of decision-making technic that trace model matees corresponding mode of motion then.
Although multi-model process enjoys favor with its good performance for tracking and robustness, its design process is complicated and need great computational resource when realizing.In many resource-constrained occasions, application is widely arranged based on the single model method of making a strategic decision.Research recently shows that the maneuver detection method of no-float can obtain the tracking performance close with multi-model process based on the single model method of making a strategic decision.Thereby timely, correct maneuver detection becomes the key point of these class methods.
To the single model tracking based on decision-making, the experts and scholars and the engineering technical personnel of target tracking domain have carried out a large amount of research both at home and abroad.But their used detecting device mostly is based on the fixing sliding window formula detecting device of length of window, the selection that common issue with of the existence of this type detecting device is a maneuver detection device length of window.Generally, detection probability increases with length of window, but the increase that the length of window increase can cause maneuver detection to postpone, this influence to performance of target tracking is huge; Though and length of window reduces to reduce maneuver detection and postpones, false-alarm probability can increase thereupon, thereby how to select length of window be the difficult point of this type detecting device.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to deficiency, designed a kind of decay memory sequential detector to existing detecting device.And detecting device merged in the target tracking algorism, for maneuver detection, target tracking domain research provide a kind of maneuvering target tracking method based on decay memory sequential detector.
A kind of maneuvering target tracking method based on decay memory sequential detector may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, state covariance are put initial value and Kalman filtering: when target during at linear uniform motion, moving target adopts two-dimentional Kalman filter, and system model adopts the CV model, carries out Kalman filtering according to state equation and measurement equation.
Step 2, detector design: according to the likelihood ratio function of definition, design a kind of decay memory sequential detector based on Generalized Likelihood Ratio, described decay memory sequential detector is realized by decay memory Sequential Detection Algorithm.
Step 3, input are estimated and state compensation: utilize decay memory sequential detector to detect the time of motor-driven generation, afterwards motor-driven amplitude is estimated.Motor-driven amplitude according to estimating is revised new breath and covariance.
Step 4, expand dimension and revise in real time with state: when
kConstantly detect when motor-driven, to [
N, k] state in the time interval compensates, then state vector and covariance matrix are expanded dimension, and according to the size of the motor-driven amplitude that estimates the CV model is revised in real time.
Step 5, withdraw from motor-driven differentiation: under given level of significance,, think that then the generation of acceleration is not the motor-driven generation by target, can think that target is in non-maneuvering condition if discriminant is set up.
Step 6, tasteless Kalman Filter Estimation: motor-driven when the target generation, adopt tasteless Kalman filter that dbjective state is carried out filtering, tasteless Kalman filtering process does not at first have the mark conversion, carries out filtering with the state variable after the conversion then.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: it is the condition that order obtains that the present invention utilizes observation data; Decay sequential detector based on Generalized Likelihood Ratio has been proposed; The benefit of decay memory is to have utilized the data in the different moment these theories of influence difference to motor-driven differentiation, and the feasible moment data of closing on are bigger to the influence of motor-driven differentiation, and the moment far away influences less to motor-driven differentiation; Can improve the detecting device precision, shorten maneuver detection and postpone.Maneuver detection device with design is integrated in the tracker simultaneously; Designed maneuvering target tracking method based on decay memory sequential detector; While method adopts the method for Kalman filter and tasteless Kalman filter associating filtering to carry out filtering, and target adopts Kalman filter when being in non-maneuvering condition, when target is in maneuvering condition; Adopt tasteless Kalman filter to carry out filtering, improved filtering accuracy.This method is for handling maneuvering target track question; Particularly for motor-driven and non-motor-driven alternate motor pattern, this method has good tracking performance, compares simultaneously based on the maneuvering target tracking method of multi-model; This method has reduced calculated amount, has improved the practicality of method.The present invention has stronger maneuver detection performance and practicality.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the inventive method process flow diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is described further.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention includes following steps:
Step 1, state covariance are put initial value and Kalman filtering: when target during at linear uniform motion, moving target adopts two-dimentional Kalman filter, and system model adopts the CV model, carries out Kalman filtering according to state equation and measurement equation.
Step 2, detector design:, design a kind of decay memory sequential detector based on Generalized Likelihood Ratio according to the likelihood ratio function of definition.Described decay memory sequential detector is realized by decay memory Sequential Detection Algorithm.In target maneuver detects; Observation data obtains often in proper order; Thereby than the sliding window formula detecting device of batch processing; Sequential detection be fit to use more with maneuver detection in, and sequential detection need not to preestablish detection window length, thereby removed the important difficult problem of sliding window formula in detecting from.
Step 3, input are estimated and state compensation: utilize decay memory sequential detector to detect the time of motor-driven generation, afterwards motor-driven amplitude is estimated.Motor-driven amplitude according to estimating is revised new breath and covariance.
Step 4, expand dimension and revise in real time with state: when detecting constantly at k when motor-driven, to [
N, k] state in the time interval compensates, then state vector and covariance matrix are expanded dimension, and according to the size of the motor-driven amplitude that estimates the CV model is revised in real time.
Step 5, withdraw from motor-driven differentiation: under given level of significance,, think that then the generation of acceleration is not the motor-driven generation by target, can think that target is in non-maneuvering condition if discriminant is set up.
Step 6, tasteless Kalman Filter Estimation: motor-driven when the target generation, adopt tasteless Kalman filter that dbjective state is carried out filtering, tasteless Kalman filtering process does not at first have the mark conversion, carries out filtering with the state variable after the conversion then.
To put the concrete steps of initial value and Kalman filtering following for the state covariance in the step 1:
When target during at linear uniform motion, moving target adopts two-dimentional Kalman filter, and system model adopts the CV model.Carry out Kalman filtering according to state equation and measurement equation.
Initial covariance is:
(1)
In the formula;
is measuring noise square difference, and
is the sampling period.Because
is the covariance of location components, size equals the covariance of measurement noise.
,
are the covariance of speed component; Relationship by speed and position can obtain,
=
=
.
is the covariance of component of acceleration; Relationship by position and acceleration; Get
=
; In like manner can get,
.Just can obtain initial covariance matrix this moment.
The concrete steps of detector design are following in the step 2:
State equation was when hypothetical target was motor-driven:
(2)
Wherein, C is the input gating matrix;
is k motor-driven amplitude size constantly, and
is process noise.
and
all have Gaussian.
At first do dualism hypothesis:
Wherein hypothesis
expression is no motor-driven; The expression appearance is motor-driven to suppose
,
the motor-driven amplitude of expression.
Wherein,
is new breath; Have the white Gaussian noise characteristic,
be the joint probability density function of new breath under the motor-driven hypothesis.
The decay memory Sequential Detection Algorithm of recursive form is following:
Relation according to formula (5) and 0 can be made as 0 with detection threshold, the probability density function Gaussian distributed, and motor-driven decision rule is following:
(1) if
; Then accepting
supposes; Promptly exist motor-driven; So motor-driven zero-time is:
, carry out state compensation afterwards;
Input is estimated with the concrete steps of state compensation following in the step 3:
Utilize decay memory sequential detector to detect the time of motor-driven generation, afterwards motor-driven amplitude is estimated that it is motor-driven to suppose that n takes place constantly, k detects motor-driven generation constantly, then being estimated as of motor-driven amplitude:
Wherein,
is that k state-transition matrix,
constantly is motor-driven error covariance matrix, and
is new the breath.
Adopt the state estimation and the covariance in a sampling period of Kalman filter filtering to be estimated as:
Wherein,
;
is filter gain;
is state one-step prediction covariance matrix,
be new breath covariance matrix.
So [
N, k] state correction in the time interval is following:
(8)
In the formula (8), [
N, k] correction of time interval internal state, comprised the corresponding analytic relationship of the time interval and motor-driven amplitude size, because dbjective state be a 6 DOF, comprise, position, speed, acceleration aliquot, and the size of motor-driven amplitude is exactly the size of acceleration.Therefore the motor-driven amplitude and the time interval are satisfied the analytic relationship of formula (8).
New breath is revised:
The covariance correction:
Wherein
is the error covariance matrix of motor-driven amplitude.
,
,
Be with [
N ... K] between the relevant matrix of coefficients of state.
It is following with the concrete steps of state correction in real time to expand dimension in the step 4:
Motor-driven when detecting constantly at k, and to [
N, k] after state in the time interval compensates, at last state vector and covariance matrix are expanded dimension, and according to the size of the motor-driven amplitude that estimates model is revised in real time.
(12)
The concrete steps that withdraw from motor-driven differentiation in the step 5 are following:
The normalization of input amplitude square does
[
N, k] in the time interval, the normalization quadratic sum of amplitude does
(14)
Discriminant:
Under given level of significance
; If satisfy following formula; Think that then acceleration is not by the motor-driven generation of target; Do non-motor-driven processing under this kind situation, can think that target is in non-maneuvering condition.
The concrete steps that tasteless Kalman filter is estimated in the step 6 are following:
The UKF wave filter promptly is tasteless Kalman filter among the present invention.
UKF at first carries out tasteless conversion (UT) when the treatment state equation, use the state variable after the tasteless conversion to carry out Filtering Estimation then, to reduce evaluated error.
In the formula
;
determined
spread of points degree; Usually get one less on the occasion of; As 0.01,
gets 0 usually.
(18)
Calculate the step prediction in advance of output:
The main flow process of the inventive method is: hypothetical target is initial to move with uniform velocity; At first state vector and covariance matrix are put initial value according to measuring value; Employing is estimated state based on the two-dimentional Kalman filter of CV model, utilizes decay memory sequential detector to carry out maneuver detection simultaneously.If do not have motor-drivenly, return the state estimation of proceeding following one-period; If detect motor-drivenly, then the time of motor-driven amplitude and motor-driven generation is estimated.Consider the time-delay of maneuver detection, compensate and correct filter state and covariance this moment.At last the CV model is expanded dimension, obtain a model of revising in real time, carry out UKF filtering according to real-time revised model afterwards according to revised state and motor-driven amplitude.Repeat motor-driven testing process,, then import and estimate and state compensation, simultaneously model is carried out real-time update if detect motor-drivenly again; If do not detect motor-drivenly, then withdraw from motor-driven judgement, if motor-driven amplitude greater than thresholding, then expression is not withdrawed from motor-driven; Repeat UKF filtering,, think that then target is in non-maneuvering condition, at this moment if less than thresholding; Adopt the Kalman filtering of two dimension, repeat above process, constituted maneuvering target tracking method based on decay memory sequential detector.
Claims (2)
1. maneuvering target tracking method based on decay memory sequential detector is characterized in that this method may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, state covariance are put initial value and Kalman filtering: when target during at linear uniform motion, moving target adopts two-dimentional Kalman filter, and system model adopts the CV model, carries out Kalman filtering according to state equation and measurement equation;
Step 2, detector design: according to the likelihood ratio function of definition, design is based on the decay memory sequential detector of Generalized Likelihood Ratio, and described decay memory sequential detector is realized by decay memory Sequential Detection Algorithm;
Step 3, input are estimated and state compensation: utilize decay memory sequential detector to detect the time of motor-driven generation, afterwards motor-driven amplitude is estimated; Motor-driven amplitude according to estimating is revised new breath and covariance;
Step 4, expand dimension and revise in real time with state: when
kConstantly detect when motor-driven, to [
N, k] state in the time interval compensates, then state vector and covariance matrix are expanded dimension, and according to the size of the motor-driven amplitude that estimates the CV model is revised in real time;
Step 5, withdraw from motor-driven differentiation: under given level of significance,, think that then the generation of acceleration is not the motor-driven generation by target, can think that target is in non-maneuvering condition if discriminant is set up;
Step 6, tasteless Kalman Filter Estimation: motor-driven when the target generation, adopt tasteless Kalman filter that dbjective state is carried out filtering, tasteless Kalman filtering process does not at first have the mark conversion, carries out filtering with the state variable after the conversion then.
2. according to the described a kind of maneuvering target tracking method of right 1, it is characterized in that based on decay memory sequential detector: step 2 specifically:
At first do dualism hypothesis:
Wherein hypothesis
expression is no motor-driven; Expression occurs motor-driven to suppose
; The motor-driven amplitude of
expression,
representes constantly;
Wherein,
is new breath; Have the white Gaussian noise characteristic,
be the joint probability density function of new breath under the motor-driven hypothesis;
The decay memory Sequential Detection Algorithm of recursive form is following:
Relation according to formula (3) and 0 is made as 0 with detection threshold, the probability density function Gaussian distributed, and motor-driven decision rule is following:
(1) if
; Then accepting
supposes; Promptly exist motor-driven; So motor-driven zero-time is:
, carry out state compensation afterwards;
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CN104180801A (en) * | 2014-08-20 | 2014-12-03 | 广州海格通信集团股份有限公司 | Method and system for predicting track points based on ADS-B system |
CN106772351A (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2017-05-31 | 西安电子科技大学 | Kalman filter method based on the memory of limited step |
CN106910211A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2017-06-30 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Multi-maneuvering-target tracking method under complex environment |
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CN103744058A (en) * | 2013-12-24 | 2014-04-23 | 河海大学 | Ballistic trajectory formation method based on exponential weighting attenuated memory filtering |
CN104180801A (en) * | 2014-08-20 | 2014-12-03 | 广州海格通信集团股份有限公司 | Method and system for predicting track points based on ADS-B system |
CN104180801B (en) * | 2014-08-20 | 2017-06-06 | 广州海格通信集团股份有限公司 | Forecasting Methodology and system based on ADS B system track points |
CN106910211A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2017-06-30 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Multi-maneuvering-target tracking method under complex environment |
CN106772351A (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2017-05-31 | 西安电子科技大学 | Kalman filter method based on the memory of limited step |
CN108332939A (en) * | 2017-12-31 | 2018-07-27 | 中国科学院声学研究所 | A method of across medium time-varying fluid parameter On-line Estimation |
CN108332939B (en) * | 2017-12-31 | 2020-04-07 | 中国科学院声学研究所 | Cross-medium time-varying fluid parameter online estimation method |
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CN113155122A (en) * | 2021-04-01 | 2021-07-23 | 广州大学 | Maneuvering target tracking method based on adaptive filtering |
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