CN102690902A - Leather tanning technology - Google Patents
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Abstract
A leather tanning technology comprises the following steps of: a, pickling; b, pretanning of leather surface; c, preliminary tanning: adding 0.5-1% of a modified aldehyde tanning agent, rotating for 15-25min, adding 6-8% of a plant synthetic tanning agent, and rotating for 160-200min; adding 0.3-0.8% of sodium acetate and 2.0-3% of a sodium bicarbonate solution, rotating while adding 150-200% of hot water, and rotating for 180-210min; d, standing; e, wringing; f, milling of leather; g, splitting and shaving to make the thickness of the whole piece of leather uniform; h, trimming; i, rinsing; j, retanning: adding modified glutaraldehyde, 5-6% of a plant synthetic tanning agent, 2.8-3.2% of a plant tanning dispersant and 0.8-1.2% of a masking auxiliary agent, rotating for 60-90min; k, washing; and l, leather basifying. As a plant extract product in the nature is used as the main tanning agent, environmental pollution caused by the adoption of a chrome tanning technology in the prior art is avoided, and the tanning agent in the invention has low pollution and is degradable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the leather production technical field, particularly relate to a kind of leather tanning process.
Background technology
Tanning is an operation the most key in the tanning production, and through the tanning operation, the variation of matter takes place in rawhide mechanism, becomes the leather that has use value.So process for tanning has directly determined the quality of process hides quality.
In numerous process for tanning, the chrome tanning method for making occupies main status with its superior tanning performance always.Though chrome tanning method for making moisture-proof Heat stability is good, good moldability; But its shortcoming is a chromic salts environment there is pollution; Chrome operation one of maximum source of pollution in the tanning production during to the pollution of environment contain a large amount of chromic salts in the waste liquid that the chrome operation produces, and are several thousand times of discharging standards.The discharge of chromic salts is contaminate environment not only, and the very difficult degraded in discharging back, tends to become the source of polluting once more.
In order to reduce the harm of chromic salts to environment and human body, provide a kind of pollute low, fast, the residual few leather tanning process of degraded is very necessary to overcome the prior art deficiency.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to avoid the weak point of prior art and a kind of leather tanning process is provided, this technology can be avoided the harm of chromic salts to environment and human body, have pollute low, degraded is fast, the residual characteristics of no poisonous metal thing.
The object of the invention is realized through following technical measures.
A kind of leather tanning process comprises the following steps.
The a pickling: pelt is put into rotary drum, is radix with pelt weight, adds entry to drum according to the ratio of liquor ratio 0.6～0.8g/ml, and said liquor ratio is the weight of pelt and the ratio of the volume of water; Add salt 6 ~ 8%, alum 1 ~ 2%, rotate 5～15min; Add the formic acid 0.5 ~ 1% that diluted with 8～12 times of cold water in advance; Add sulfuric acid 0.7～1.0 % that diluted with 8～12 times of cold water in advance again; Rotate 15～25min, stop 8～12min, repeat above-mentioned rotation 15～25min, stop 8～12min process 3～4 times; Left standstill 12 to 18 hours, and rotated 25～40min then; Remove 2/3 waste liquid;
B skin table pretan: in said rotary drum, add cationic fat liquor 0.8～1.2% again, rotate 25～35min;
C just tans: add modification aldehyde tanning agent 0.5～1% to said rotary drum, rotate 15～25min, add phytosynthesis tanning agent 6～8%, rotate 160～200min; Add sodium-acetate 0.3～0.8%, saleratus liquid 2.0～3%, rotating said rotary drum and replenishing temperature simultaneously is 60～65 ℃ hot water 150～200%, rotates 180～210 min again;
D leaves standstill: wet expel drum after, take horse and leave standstill 48～60h;
The e water squeezing: utilize the water squeezing of through type wringing machine, making the leather moisture content is 35%～45%;
F falls skin: the leather after the water squeezing is put into rotary drum;
G split, shaving: leather is carried out thickness processing, make whole skin thickness even;
H deburring: repair useless corner, and straight mouth is cut into round mouth;
The i rinsing: dropping in the rotary drum by the leather cut, is radix with the weight of leather, and 2.5～3.0g/ml adds entry by liquor ratio, and said liquor ratio is the weight of leather and the volume ratio of said water, and keeping the interior temperature of rotary drum is 35 ℃～40 ℃, starts rotary drum; Add in advance the formic acid 0.2～0.4% that diluted with 8～12 times of cold water, rotation 30min～40min drains waste liquid;
The j retanning: the weight with leather is radix, and 1.2～1.5g/ml adds entry by liquor ratio, and keeping the interior temperature of rotary drum is 35 ℃～40 ℃; Add modified glutaraldehyde 2.5%～4.0%, add phytosynthesis tanning agent 5%～6%, add vegetable tanning dispersion agent 2.8～3.2%, add and cover the auxiliary agent 0.8～1.2% of limiting, change 60～90min, drain waste liquid then;
K washing: adopt leather 8～14 min after flowing water is washed retanning.
L carries alkali: the weight with leather is radix, and 1.2～1.5g/ml adds entry by liquor ratio, and keeping the interior temperature of rotary drum is 35 ℃～40 ℃, with auxiliary agent 1.0～3.0%, rotates 30～50min in the adding; Rotate said rotary drum and add simultaneously and dissolve saleratus liquid 0.2～0.5% completely with 12～15 times of warm water in advance; And then rotate 50～70min.
Above-mentioned steps a pickling is specially: pelt is put into rotary drum, is radix with pelt weight, adds entry to drum according to the ratio of liquor ratio 0.7g/ml, and said liquor ratio is the weight of pelt and the ratio of the volume of water; Add salt 7%, alum 1.5%, rotate 10min; Add the formic acid 0.5 ~ 1% that diluted with 10 times of cold water in advance, add the sulfuric acid 0.8% that diluted with 10 times of cold water in advance again, rotate 20min, stop 10min, repeat above-mentioned rotation 120min, stop the 10min process 3～4 times, left standstill 15 hours, rotate 30min then; Remove 2/3 waste liquid.
The pretan of above-mentioned steps b skin table is specially, and in said rotary drum, adds cationic fat liquor 1.0% again, changes 30min.
Above-mentioned steps c just tans and is specially, and adds modification aldehyde tanning agent 0.8% to said rotary drum, rotates 20min, adds phytosynthesis tanning agent 7%, rotates 180min; Add sodium-acetate 0.5%, saleratus liquid 2.5%, rotating said rotary drum and replenishing temperature simultaneously is 60～65 ℃ hot water 180%, rotates 200 min again.
Above-mentioned steps d leaves standstill and is specially, wet expel drum after, take horse and leave standstill 50h.
Above-mentioned steps e water squeezing is specially, and utilizes the water squeezing of through type wringing machine, and making the leather moisture content is 40%.
Above-mentioned steps i rinsing is specially, drops in the rotary drum by the leather cut, and be radix with the weight of leather, 2.8g/ml adds entry by liquor ratio, and said liquor ratio is the weight of leather and the volume ratio of said water, and keeping the interior temperature of rotary drum is 38 ℃, starts rotary drum; Add in advance the formic acid 0.3% that diluted with 10 times of cold water, rotation 35min drains waste liquid.
Above-mentioned steps j retanning is specially, and is radix with the weight of leather, and 1.3g/ml adds entry by liquor ratio, keeps that temperature is 38 ℃ in the rotary drum; Add modified glutaraldehyde 3.0%, add phytosynthesis tanning agent 5.5%, add vegetable tanning dispersion agent 3.0%, add and cover the auxiliary agent 1.0% of limiting, change 80min, drain waste liquid then.
Above-mentioned steps k washing is specially, and adopts leather 10 min after flowing water is washed retanning.
Above-mentioned steps l carries alkali and is specially, and is radix with the weight of leather, and 1.3g/ml adds entry by liquor ratio, keeps that temperature is 38 ℃ in the rotary drum, with auxiliary agent 2.0%, rotates 40min in the adding; Rotate said rotary drum and add simultaneously and dissolve saleratus liquid 0.3% completely with 13 times of warm water in advance; And then rotation 60min.
A kind of leather tanning process of the present invention, adopting the plant milk extract of occurring in nature is main tanning agents, has avoided available technology adopting chrome technology pollution on the environment, has low, the degradable characteristics of pollution.
Embodiment
In conjunction with following examples the present invention is further described.
embodiment 1.
A kind of leather tanning process comprises the following steps.
The a pickling: pelt is put into rotary drum, is radix with pelt weight, adds entry to drum according to the ratio of liquor ratio 0.6～0.8g/ml, and said liquor ratio is the weight of pelt and the ratio of the volume of water; Add salt 6 ~ 8%, alum 1 ~ 2%, rotate 5～15min; Add the formic acid 0.5 ~ 1% that diluted with 8～12 times of cold water in advance; Add sulfuric acid 0.7～1.0 % that diluted with 8～12 times of cold water in advance again; Rotate 15～25min, stop 8～12min, repeat above-mentioned rotation 15～25min, stop 8～12min process 3～4 times; Left standstill 12 to 18 hours, and rotated 25～40min then; Remove 2/3 waste liquid;
B skin table pretan: in said rotary drum, add cationic fat liquor 0.8～1.2% again, change 25～35min;
C just tans: add modification aldehyde tanning agent 0.5～1% to said rotary drum, rotate 15～25min, add phytosynthesis tanning agent 6～8%, rotate 160～200min; Add sodium-acetate 0.3～0.8%, saleratus liquid 2.0～3%, rotating said rotary drum and replenishing temperature simultaneously is 60～65 ℃ hot water 150～200%, rotates 180～210 min again;
D leaves standstill: wet expel drum after, take horse and leave standstill 48～60h;
The e water squeezing: utilize the water squeezing of through type wringing machine, making the leather moisture content is 35%～45%;
F falls skin: the leather after the water squeezing is put into rotary drum;
G split, shaving: leather is carried out thickness processing, make whole skin thickness even.Skin and flesh is faced down, begins, earlier skin graft is become certain thickness, and then cut the thickness of process stipulation to skin with shaving machine from buttocks,, according with process requirements; No shaving is hindered; No lifts, skiving phenomenon;
H deburring: repair useless corner, and straight mouth is cut into round mouth;
The i rinsing: dropping in the rotary drum by the leather cut, is radix with the weight of leather, and 2.5～3.0g/ml adds entry by liquor ratio, and said liquor ratio is the weight of leather and the volume ratio of said water, and keeping the interior temperature of rotary drum is 35 ℃～40 ℃, starts rotary drum; Add in advance the formic acid 0.2～0.4% that diluted with 8～12 times of cold water, rotation 30min～40min drains waste liquid;
The j retanning: the weight with leather is radix, and 1.2～1.5g/ml adds entry by liquor ratio, and keeping the interior temperature of rotary drum is 35 ℃～40 ℃; Add modified glutaraldehyde 2.5%～4.0%, add phytosynthesis tanning agent 5%～6%, add vegetable tanning dispersion agent 2.8～3.2%, add and cover the auxiliary agent 0.8～1.2% of limiting, change 60～90min, drain waste liquid then;
K washing: adopt leather 8～14 min after flowing water is washed retanning;
L carries alkali: the weight with leather is radix, and 1.2～1.5g/ml adds entry by liquor ratio, and keeping the interior temperature of rotary drum is 35 ℃～40 ℃, with auxiliary agent 1.0～3.0%, rotates 30～50min in the adding; Rotate said rotary drum and add simultaneously and dissolve saleratus liquid 0.2～0.5% completely with 12～15 times of warm water in advance; And then rotate 50～70min.
This leather tanning process; Adopting the phytosynthesis tanning agent is tanning agents; Because mostly the phytosynthesis tanning agent is the extract of wattle skin, hard wood, chestnut or Ke Zi etc., thus the liquid that can not contaminate environment in tannery, and degradable behind the discharging of waste liquid in the tannery.So this leather tanning process has overcome available technology adopting chrome technology pollution on the environment, have low, the degradable characteristics of pollution.
embodiment 2.
A kind of leather tanning process comprises the following steps.
The a pickling: pelt is put into rotary drum, is radix with pelt weight, adds entry to drum according to the ratio of liquor ratio 0.7g/ml, and said liquor ratio is the weight of pelt and the ratio of the volume of water; Add salt 7%, alum 1.5%, rotate 10min; Add the formic acid 0.5 ~ 1% that diluted with 10 times of cold water in advance, add the sulfuric acid 0.8% that diluted with 10 times of cold water in advance again, rotate 20min, stop 10min, repeat above-mentioned rotation 120min, stop the 10min process 3～4 times, left standstill 15 hours, rotate 30min then; Remove 2/3 waste liquid;
B skin table pretan: in said rotary drum, add cationic fat liquor 1.0% again, change 30min;
C just tan into: add modification aldehyde tanning agent 0.8% to said rotary drum, rotate 20min, add phytosynthesis tanning agent 7%, rotate 180min; Add sodium-acetate 0.5%, saleratus liquid 2.5%, rotating said rotary drum and replenishing temperature simultaneously is 60～65 ℃ hot water 180%, rotates 200 min again;
D leaves standstill: wet expel drum after, take horse and leave standstill 50h;
The e water squeezing: utilize the water squeezing of through type wringing machine, making the leather moisture content is 40%;
F falls skin: the leather after the water squeezing is put into rotary drum;
G split, shaving: leather is carried out thickness processing, make whole skin thickness even.Skin and flesh is faced down, begins, earlier skin graft is become certain thickness, and then cut the thickness of process stipulation to skin with shaving machine from buttocks,, according with process requirements; No shaving is hindered; No lifts, skiving phenomenon;
H deburring: repair useless corner, and straight mouth is cut into round mouth;
The i rinsing: dropping in the rotary drum by the leather cut, is radix with the weight of leather, and 2.8g/ml adds entry by liquor ratio, and said liquor ratio is the weight of leather and the volume ratio of said water, and keeping the interior temperature of rotary drum is 38 ℃, starts rotary drum; Add in advance the formic acid 0.3% that diluted with 10 times of cold water, rotation 35min drains waste liquid;
The j retanning: the weight with leather is radix, and 1.3g/ml adds entry by liquor ratio, and keeping the interior temperature of rotary drum is 38 ℃; Add modified glutaraldehyde 3.0%, add phytosynthesis tanning agent 5.5%, add vegetable tanning dispersion agent 3.0%, add and cover the auxiliary agent 1.0% of limiting, change 80min, drain waste liquid then;
K washing: adopt leather 10 min after flowing water is washed retanning;
L carries alkali: the weight with leather is radix, and 1.3g/ml adds entry by liquor ratio, and keeping the interior temperature of rotary drum is 38 ℃, with auxiliary agent 2.0%, rotates 40min in the adding; Rotate said rotary drum and add simultaneously and dissolve saleratus liquid 0.3% completely with 13 times of warm water in advance; And then rotation 60min.
This leather tanning process; Adopting the phytosynthesis tanning agent is tanning agents; Because mostly the phytosynthesis tanning agent is the extract of wattle skin, hard wood, chestnut or Ke Zi etc., thus the liquid that can not contaminate environment in tannery, and degradable behind the discharging of waste liquid in the tannery.So this leather tanning process has overcome available technology adopting chrome technology pollution on the environment, have low, the degradable characteristics of pollution.
Should be noted that at last; Above embodiment is only in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described but not to the restriction of protection domain of the present invention; Although the present invention has been done detailed description with reference to preferred embodiment; Those of ordinary skill in the art should be appreciated that and can make amendment or be equal to replacement technical scheme of the present invention, and do not break away from the essence and the scope of technical scheme of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a leather tanning process is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
The a pickling: pelt is put into rotary drum, is radix with pelt weight, adds entry to drum according to the ratio of liquor ratio 0.6～0.8g/ml, and said liquor ratio is the weight of pelt and the ratio of the volume of water; Add salt 6 ~ 8%, alum 1 ~ 2%, rotate 5～15min; Add the formic acid 0.5 ~ 1% that diluted with 8～12 times of cold water in advance; Add sulfuric acid 0.7～1.0 % that diluted with 8～12 times of cold water in advance again; Rotate 15～25min, stop 8～12min, repeat above-mentioned rotation 15～25min, stop 8～12min process 3～4 times; Left standstill 12 to 18 hours, and rotated 25～40min then; Remove 2/3 waste liquid;
B skin table pretan: in said rotary drum, add cationic fat liquor 0.8～1.2% again, rotate 25～35min;
C just tans: add modification aldehyde tanning agent 0.5～1% to said rotary drum, rotate 15～25min, add phytosynthesis tanning agent 6～8%, rotate 160～200min; Add sodium-acetate 0.3～0.8%, saleratus liquid 2.0～3%, rotating said rotary drum and replenishing temperature simultaneously is 60～65 ℃ hot water 150～200%, rotates 180～210 min again;
D leaves standstill: wet expel drum after, take horse and leave standstill 48～60h;
The e water squeezing: utilize the water squeezing of through type wringing machine, making the leather moisture content is 35%～45%;
F falls skin: the leather after the water squeezing is put into rotary drum;
G split, shaving: leather is carried out thickness processing, make whole skin thickness even;
H deburring: repair useless corner, and straight mouth is cut into round mouth;
The i rinsing: dropping in the rotary drum by the leather cut, is radix with the weight of leather, and 2.5～3.0g/ml adds entry by liquor ratio, and said liquor ratio is the weight of leather and the volume ratio of said water, and keeping the interior temperature of rotary drum is 35 ℃～40 ℃, starts rotary drum; Add in advance the formic acid 0.2～0.4% that diluted with 8～12 times of cold water, rotation 30min～40min drains waste liquid;
The j retanning: the weight with leather is radix, and 1.2～1.5g/ml adds entry by liquor ratio, and keeping the interior temperature of rotary drum is 35 ℃～40 ℃; Add modified glutaraldehyde 2.5%～4.0%, add phytosynthesis tanning agent 5%～6%, add vegetable tanning dispersion agent 2.8～3.2%, add and cover the auxiliary agent 0.8～1.2% of limiting, change 60～90min, drain waste liquid then;
K washing: adopt leather 8～14 min after flowing water is washed retanning;
L carries alkali: the weight with leather is radix, and 1.2～1.5g/ml adds entry by liquor ratio, and keeping the interior temperature of rotary drum is 35 ℃～40 ℃, with auxiliary agent 1.0～3.0%, rotates 30～50min in the adding; Rotate said rotary drum and add simultaneously and dissolve saleratus liquid 0.2～0.5% completely with 12～15 times of warm water in advance; And then rotate 50～70min.
2. leather tanning process according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: said step a pickling is specially: pelt is put into rotary drum; With pelt weight is radix, adds entry to drum according to the ratio of liquor ratio 0.7g/ml, and said liquor ratio is the weight of pelt and the ratio of the volume of water; Add salt 7%, alum 1.5%, rotate 10min; Add the formic acid 0.5 ~ 1% that diluted with 10 times of cold water in advance, add the sulfuric acid 0.8% that diluted with 10 times of cold water in advance again, rotate 20min, stop 10min, repeat above-mentioned rotation 120min, stop the 10min process 3～4 times, left standstill 15 hours, rotate 30min then; Remove 2/3 waste liquid.
3. leather tanning process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the pretan of said step b skin table is specially, and in said rotary drum, adds cationic fat liquor 1.0% again, changes 30min.
4. leather tanning process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said step c just tans and is specially, and adds modification aldehyde tanning agent 0.8% to said rotary drum, rotates 20min, adds phytosynthesis tanning agent 7%, rotates 180min;
Add sodium-acetate 0.5%, saleratus liquid 2.5%, rotating said rotary drum and replenishing temperature simultaneously is 60～65 ℃ hot water 180%, rotates 200 min again.
5. leather tanning process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said steps d leaves standstill and is specially, wet expel drum after, take horse and leave standstill 50h.
6. leather tanning process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said step e water squeezing is specially, and utilizes the water squeezing of through type wringing machine, and making the leather moisture content is 40%.
7. leather tanning process according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: said step I rinsing is specially, drop in the rotary drum by the leather cut, and be radix with the weight of leather; 2.8g/ml adds entry by liquor ratio; Said liquor ratio is the weight of leather and the volume ratio of said water, and keeping the interior temperature of rotary drum is 38 ℃, starts rotary drum; Add in advance the formic acid 0.3% that diluted with 10 times of cold water, rotation 35min drains waste liquid.
8. leather tanning process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said step j retanning is specially, and is radix with the weight of leather, and 1.3g/ml adds entry by liquor ratio, keeps that temperature is 38 ℃ in the rotary drum; Add modified glutaraldehyde 3.0%, add phytosynthesis tanning agent 5.5%, add vegetable tanning dispersion agent 3.0%, add and cover the auxiliary agent 1.0% of limiting, change 80min, drain waste liquid then.
9. leather tanning process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said step k washing is specially, and adopts leather 10 min after flowing water is washed retanning.
10. leather tanning process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said step l carries alkali and is specially, and is radix with the weight of leather, and 1.3g/ml adds entry by liquor ratio, keeps that temperature is 38 ℃ in the rotary drum, with auxiliary agent 2.0%, rotates 40min in the adding; Rotate said rotary drum and add simultaneously and dissolve saleratus liquid 0.3% completely with 13 times of warm water in advance; And then rotation 60min.
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| CN111304376A (en) * | 2020-03-06 | 2020-06-19 | 中牛集团有限公司 | Environment-friendly tanning method and device for leather |
| CN111676330A (en) * | 2020-07-01 | 2020-09-18 | 山东德信皮业有限公司 | Antibacterial, mildew-proof, antifouling and ultraviolet-proof leather manufacturing equipment and manufacturing process thereof |
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| CN108315502B (en) * | 2018-02-08 | 2020-08-07 | 陶吉庆 | Manufacturing process of ecological leather-cut picture |
| CN108315502A (en) * | 2018-02-08 | 2018-07-24 | 陶吉庆 | Ecological skin cuts skin painting making technology |
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