CN102686117B - A system and structure for heating or sterilizing a liquid stream - Google Patents
A system and structure for heating or sterilizing a liquid stream Download PDFInfo
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- CN102686117B CN102686117B CN201080043054.6A CN201080043054A CN102686117B CN 102686117 B CN102686117 B CN 102686117B CN 201080043054 A CN201080043054 A CN 201080043054A CN 102686117 B CN102686117 B CN 102686117B
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- food product
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/16—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by heating loose unpacked materials
- A23L3/18—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by heating loose unpacked materials while they are progressively transported through the apparatus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/16—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by heating loose unpacked materials
- A23L3/18—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by heating loose unpacked materials while they are progressively transported through the apparatus
- A23L3/22—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by heating loose unpacked materials while they are progressively transported through the apparatus with transport through tubes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/08—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
- F28D7/082—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag with serpentine or zig-zag configuration
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D9/0031—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other
- F28D9/0043—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other the plates having openings therein for circulation of at least one heat-exchange medium from one conduit to another
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/06—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of plastics material
- F28F21/065—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of plastics material the heat-exchange apparatus employing plate-like or laminated conduits
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2240/00—Spacing means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2260/00—Heat exchangers or heat exchange elements having special size, e.g. microstructures
- F28F2260/02—Heat exchangers or heat exchange elements having special size, e.g. microstructures having microchannels
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Food Preservation Except Freezing, Refrigeration, And Drying (AREA)
Abstract
A food product sterilizer includes a food product source and a regenerative heat exchanger configured to receive a flow of food product from the food product source. The heat exchanger includes an input channel configured to receive a flow of food product to be sterilized. The heat exchanger also includes an output channel fluidly coupled to the input channel. The output channel is adjacent the input channel. The output channel and the input channel are configured to transfer heat between the two channels. The heat exchanger further includes an integrated heating section of at least a portion of the input channel or the output channel. The heating section is configured to heat the flow of food product.
Description
Inventor:
Jeffree F Dien, William Gates, Rhoderick A Hai De, Qiao Ding T card are strangled, interior gloomy P meter Fo De, graceful, the little Lowell of David B Plutarch L Wood and Ao Zuer Ilyushin Di Limu
The cross reference of related application
The benefit of the live application day obtaining the earliest of the application's application (" related application ") relevant to the following application of listing (" related application ") and that list below requirement (for example, the priority date that the earliest obtain of requirement except temporary patent application or according to 35USC § 119(e) require the benefit of temporary patent application, the benefit that requires any and all parents, grandmother's body, great-grandfather's parent etc. of related application to apply for).
related application:
1. according to the extra legal requirements of USPTO, the application relates to herewith submission simultaneously, name Geoffrey F.Deane, William Gates, Roderick A.Hyde, Jordin T.Kare, Nathan P.Myhrvold, David B.Tuckerman, Lowell L.Wood, J r. and Ozgur Yildirim are inventor, title is A METHOD FOR HEATING OR STERILIZING A LIQUID STREAM(for liquid stream being heated or the method for sterilization) U.S. Patent application the 12/462nd, No. 200, patent application the 12/462nd, for No. 200 jointly in a review at present, or its common application in a review is at present given the application of applying date rights and interests.
2. according to the extra legal requirements of USPTO, the application relates to herewith submission simultaneously, name Geoffrey F.Deane, William Gates, Roderick A.Hyde, Jordin T.Kare, Nathan P.Myhrvold, David B.Tuckerman, Lowell L.Wood, Jr. be inventor with Ozgur Yildirim, title is PASTEURIZATION SYSTEM AND METHOD(pasteurization system and method) U.S. Patent application the 12/462nd, No. 206, patent application the 12/462nd, for No. 206 jointly in a review at present, or its common application in a review is at present given the application of applying date rights and interests.
USPO (USPTO) has announced to be needed patent applicant's reference number and indicates and apply for it being continuation application or the notice of both implementations of part continuation application the computer program of USPTO.Stephen G. Kunin, the benefit of the application that Benefit of Prior-Filed Application(formerly submits to), USPTO Official Journal, on March 18th, 2003,
http: //www.uspto.gov/web/offices/com/sol/og/2003/week11/patbene .htmcan obtain.The applicant's entity (below " applicant ") provide in the above to require the concrete list of references of the application of priority from it, as decree is narrated.Applicant understands decree on its concrete reference language, be clear and definite and do not need sequence number or any sign for example " continuation " or " part continue " carry out the priority of requirement U.S. Patent application.Although there is aforementioned content, but applicant understands the computer program of USPTO, there are some data and enter requirement, therefore and applicant is appointed as the application the part continuation application of its original application of illustrating above, but point out especially such appointment be also interpreted as never in any form whether also comprising except the essence of its original application about the application any new essence any type annotation and/or admit.
All themes of the applications such as any and all parents of all themes of related application and related application, grandmother's body, great-grandfather's parent are incorporated to herein by reference, and reaching such theme is not herewith inconsistent degree.
Background
Description is herein usually directed to superhigh temperature (UHT) pasteurization field.Pasteurization and UHT pasteurization at least in part to breast and other food product sterilizations.Yet conventional pasteurization and conventional UHT pasteurization have been confined to wherein easily use sizable electric power for the application of pasteurize technique.
To for consuming substantially and have demand than favourable structure and the method for carrying out UHT pasteurization of routine techniques electric power still less by using with various structures with the microchannel of various usages and analog.
General introduction
In one aspect, food product sterilizer comprises food product source and is configured to receive the regenerative heat exchanger from the food product stream in food product source.Heat exchanger comprises the input channel that is configured to receive the food product stream for the treatment of sterilization.Heat exchanger also comprises the output channel that is fluidly coupled in input channel.The contiguous input channel of output channel.Output channel and input channel are configured to transferring heat between two passages.Heat exchanger also comprises the integrated heating part of at least a portion of input channel or output channel.Heating part is configured to heat food product stream.
Except aforementioned content, in claim, accompanying drawing and the text of a part that forms present disclosure, described aspect additive method.
In one or more different aspects, can adopt different structural details according to the design alternative of system designer.
In one aspect, liquid sterilization system comprises the input channel that is configured to receive the stream of the liquid to predetermined sterilization temperature to be heated.System also comprises the output channel that is fluidly coupled in input channel.The contiguous input channel of output channel.Output channel and input channel are configured to transferring heat between two passages.And system comprises the integrated heating part of at least a portion of input channel or output channel, heating part is configured to described liquid stream to be heated to predetermined sterilization temperature, continues the scheduled time.
In yet another aspect, food product heater comprises the input channel that is configured to receive the stream of the food product to predetermined temperature to be heated.Heater also comprises the output channel that is fluidly coupled in input channel.The contiguous input channel of output channel.Output channel and input channel are configured to transferring heat between two passages.The integrated heating part of at least a portion of input channel or output channel is configured to food product stream to be heated to predetermined temperature, continues the scheduled time.
In yet another aspect, liquid heater comprises the input channel that is configured to receive liquid stream to be heated.Heater also comprises the output channel that is fluidly coupled in input channel.The contiguous input channel of output channel.Output channel and input channel are configured to transferring heat between two passages.Heater also comprises the heating part of at least a portion of input channel or output channel, and heating part is configured to heating liquid stream.Input channel and output channel are microchannels.
In yet another aspect, liquid heater comprises the input channel that is configured to receive liquid stream to be heated.Heater also comprises the output channel that is fluidly coupled in input channel.The contiguous input channel of output channel.Output channel and input channel are configured to transferring heat between two passages.Heater also comprises the heating part of at least a portion of input channel or output channel.Heating part is configured to heating liquid stream.Input channel and output channel are arranged so that liquid stream is laminar flow substantially.
Except aforementioned content, in claim, accompanying drawing and the text of a part that forms present disclosure, described aspect other system.
Except aforementioned content, for example, in for example instructing the text of present disclosure (, claim and/or detailed description) and/or accompanying drawing, illustrate and described various additive methods and/or system and/or program product aspect.
Aforementioned content be summarize and therefore because comprising simplification, summary and the omission of details; Therefore, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that general introduction is only illustrative and is not intended to limit by any way.In other aspects of device described herein and/or technique and/or other themes, the instruction that Characteristics and advantages is illustrated herein, will become obvious.
Accompanying drawing summary
Aforementioned general introduction is only illustrative and is not intended to limit by any way.Except above-mentioned illustrative aspect, embodiment and feature, other aspect, embodiment and feature will become obviously by reference to accompanying drawing and following detailed description, in accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is the illustrative plot of food product disinfection system.
Fig. 2 is the illustrative plot of contra-flow heat exchanger.
Fig. 3 is the illustrative plot of heat exchanger channel to the exploded view of (heat exchanger channel pair).
Fig. 4 is the illustrative plot of the demonstration Axial Thermal leakage of heat exchanger.
Fig. 5 be heat exchanger be presented at temperature profile between adjacent channel and the illustrative plot of hot-fluid.
Fig. 6 is the demonstration illustrative plot of heat leakage radially of heat exchanger.
Fig. 7 is the illustrative plot that the heat leakage of barrier packaging is passed through in the demonstration of heat exchanger.
Fig. 8 is the illustrative plot of heat exchanger channel spacer.
Fig. 9 is the illustrative plot that forms the method for heat exchanger channel spacer.
Figure 10 is the illustrative plot that forms the method for heat exchanger channel spacer.
Figure 11 is the illustrative plot of selectable contra-flow heat exchanger.
Figure 12 is the illustrative plot of selectable contra-flow heat exchanger.
Describe in detail
In the following detailed description, with reference to accompanying drawing, accompanying drawing forms a part of describing in detail.In the accompanying drawings, similar symbol is determined similar parts conventionally, unless context is stipulated in addition.It is restrictive that illustrative embodiment described in detailed description, accompanying drawing and claim is not intended.Can utilize other embodiments, and can carry out other variations, and not depart from the spirit or scope of the theme presenting herein.Those skilled in the art will recognize that, state-of-art has proceeded between the hardware and software of the each side of system is realized and has left the seldom stage of difference; For example, normally (but not always, because under some sight, it is important that the selection between hardware and software can become) representative cost design alternative to efficiency trade of the use of hardware or software.It will be appreciated by one of skill in the art that, (for example there is carrier (vehicle) that a lot of technique described herein and/or system and/or other technologies can be by its realization, hardware, software and/or firmware), and preferred carrier will change along with disposing the background of technique and/or system and/or other technologies.For example, if implementer determines speed and the degree of accuracy, be primary, implementer can select main hardware and/or firmware carrier so; Selectively, if flexibility is primary, implementer can select main software to realize so; Or again selectively, implementer can select some combinations of hardware, software and/or firmware.Thereby, there are multiple possible technique described herein and/or device and/or other technologies and can pass through the carrier of its realization, wherein do not have a kind of carrier to be better than inherently other carriers, for example, because any carrier being utilized is to depend on (to dispose the background of carrier and implementer's concrete consideration, speed, flexibility or predictability) selection, in them, any can change.Those skilled in the art will recognize that, the optics aspect of realization will adopt hardware, software and or the firmware of optical orientation conventionally.
Pasteurization is the technique of the conventional growth of microorganism for the food that slows down.Pasteurization is the process for sterilizing type that is conventionally not intended to kill all pathogenic microorganisms in food or liquid.Exactly, pasteurization object is to reduce the quantity of the pathogen of living, so they can not cause disease (supposition pasteurization product is frozen and was consumed before its term of validity).Yet, although a large amount of focuses of describing may concentrate on pasteurize technique and more particularly concentrate on superhigh temperature pasteurize technique, but theme disclosed herein can be applied to pasteurization and other process for sterilizing both, no matter they are completely or incomplete.
Pasteurization is conventionally used the temperature lower than boiling temperature, because at the temperature of the boiling point higher than newborn, for example, casein micelle will irreversibly be assembled (or " solidifying ").The pasteurization using at present has three kinds of main Types: high temperature/short time (HTST), prolongation storage life (ESL) process and superhigh temperature (UHT or superthermal processing) is also processed for breast.In HTST technique, breast is pushed or is pushed through externally the pipe by hot water heating between metallic plate, and is heated to 71.7 ℃ (161 ℉), continues 15-20 second.UHT processes the temperature that breast is maintained at about to 135 ℃ (275 ℉), continues the time period within the scope of to several seconds several minutes of a second several; This temperature is the boiling point under normal atmosphere pressure higher than breast, but boiling can suppress by operating under substantially higher than the pressure of atmospheric pressure.Use short open-assembly time to minimize the adverse effect to taste and protein component, this adverse effect will be conventionally 135 ℃ of generations.ESL breast has microbe filter step and the temperature lower than HTST.
Existence can be by many food products of pasteurize.These food products include but not limited to beer, applejack, fruit juice, maple syrup, breast, grape wine, soy sauce, sports drink, water etc.
In comprising the area of Africa and South Asian nation, generally after results breast, make breast boiling come newborn sterilization.This strong heating changes widely newborn local flavor and may need quite a large amount of energy, and this may be limited.Some in the disease that boiling or pasteurization can prevent include but not limited to tuberculosis, diphtheria, salmonellosis, septic pharyngitis, scarlet fever, listeriosis and typhoid fever.
UHT pasteurization is by surpassing heat food at the temperature of 135 ℃ (275 ℉) (it is to kill the required temperature of some spores that can find in Ruzhong), continues the short time of about 1-2 second to food portion sterilization.Prevailing UHT product is breast, but this technique is also for fruit juice, cream, yogurt, grape wine, soup and the food stewed etc.
Advantageously, UHT breast had the typical storage life of six to nine months before being opened, the storage life that this provides higher than the lower temperature pasteurize technique by traditional.
With reference now to Fig. 1,, describe the example system 100 for pasteurize (or selectively sterilization) breast or other food products or liquid.Such liquid can include but not limited to colloid and suspension etc.System 100 comprises for introducing the fluid intake 110 of food product or other liquid.Filter 120 receives fluids and from any particle of filtering flow or other solids.Filter 120 is supplied with to the pump 130 of the pressurized with fluid in system 100.Pump 130 can be but be not limited to, by dc motor with positive-displacement pump preset or controllable speed operation.Pump 130 feeds heat exchanger 140 by fluid.According to exemplary embodiment, heat exchanger 140 can be the micro-channel heat exchanger with fluid passage, fluid passage has high aspect ratio (aspect ratio), little hydraulic diameter and other features similar to other micro-channel devices, and other micro-channel devices are such as but not limited to the microchannel cooling for cooling integrated circuit, solid-state laser and analog.Heat exchanger 140 comprises heater 150, and a part for heater 150 heating heat exchangers 140 and flow through the fluid of heat exchanger 140 makes fluid reach UHT pasteurization temperature or other predetermined temperatures, continues the scheduled time, such as but not limited to 1-2 second.Heat exchanger 140 comprises the heat exchanger exit 160 of supplying with pressure-reducing valve 170, and pressure-reducing valve 170 will not opened in exemplary embodiment, except non-pressure reaches predetermined pressure, such as but not limited to 37psi.Such fluid is released in aseptic container or packing by aseptic outlet 180.Heat exchanger 140 can be isolated at least in part layer 190 and encase, and separation layer 190 can be but be not limited to, vacuum jacket or xenon chamber or aerogel foam or other isolated materials.
Microchannel has been proposed for cooling integrated circuit and since the 1980s and has been understood in early days and discloses in the research of being announced by David doctor Tuckerman and R.Fabian professor Pease.Tuckerman and Pease have announced the microchannel that shows to be etched in silicon can provide the research up to the density of every square centimeter of 1000W.Such MCA has been shown can cooling integrated circuit, for example, United States Patent (USP) the 4th, 541, No. 040; The 7th, 156, No. 159; The 7th, 185, No. 697; Described with No. 2006/0231233rd, U.S. Patent Application Publication, they are all incorporated to herein by reference.Yet the practical application of the pasteurization of fluid flow, sterilization or instantaneous heating is not also implemented or suggestion.
By one of advantage of MCA, be not need the turbulent flow in passage to increase heat transfer efficiency.MCA neither needs also not turbulization.Conventional major path needs turbulent flow to increase rate of heat transfer, otherwise fluid serves as the slider between conduit wall and fluid stream center, and this is called as thermal boundary layer.Turbulent flow in fluid passage makes the fluid of adjacent channel wall mix with the fluid in the middle of passage, minimizes thus the thickness of thermal boundary layer and maximizes the rate of heat transfer between fluid and wall.Yet such turbulent flow and mixing need high flow velocity and high pressure.In addition, high flow velocity will need heat exchanger channel very long, to realize 2 second time of staying at 135 ℃ that sterilization is recommended for UHT.On the contrary, microchannel has advantages of that heat transfer coefficient " h " is inversely proportional with the width of passage.When " h " increases, efficiency increases.Very narrow passage has thin thermal boundary layer, because boundary layer can not be greater than 1/2 of channel width.Therefore, heat is to shift between very little thermal resistance Bi He channel center.Therefore, can be useful, conducted heat and therefore realize the very compact design that needs relatively low energy input to increase for UHT pasteurization in microchannel or microchannel shape heat exchanger.
With reference now to Fig. 2,, can be as the exemplary perspective cross-section of the contra-flow heat exchanger 200 of the heat exchanger 140 of Fig. 1.Heat exchanger 200 comprises a pile circulation road.Circulation road heap comprises the flow channel 210 of a series of repetitions that replace with flow pass 220.In such contra-flow heat exchanger, fluid is admission passage 210 leave adjacent channel 220 and form, heat exchanger is single-ended back and forth preferably, its entrance and exit identical end or near.In favourable design, the good heat transfer between passage 210 and 220 is required, and is not required along the axial heat conduction of the length of passage.
With reference now to Fig. 3,, described from contra-flow heat exchanger such as but not limited to the passage of heat exchanger 200 300 exemplary exploded view.Passage comprises flow channel 310 to 300, and flow channel 310 comprises the seam 315 that fluidly passage 310 is coupled in to passage 320.Passage 320 comprises outlet 325.In exemplary embodiment, passage can comprise thermal conductivity coating 330, such as but not limited to the copper in a part for passage or aluminium coat, it maintains the high temperature that is similar to homogeneous for heat input conduction or the fluid that is applied to passage flows and making in sizable length of heat exchanger.According to exemplary embodiment, sidewall can be about 40-50 micron thickness, and base portion can be about 10-12 micron thickness, yet heat exchanger is not limited to these sizes.In exemplary embodiment, heat exchanger can include but not limited to, with stacked relation approximately 100 or more these are right.According to an exemplary embodiment, passage can be formed by PAEK (PEEK).
With reference now to Fig. 4,, described the other illustrative plot of aforementioned contra-flow heat exchanger.Heat exchanger 400 comprises the hot-zone 410 of application heat input and heating (for inflow)/cooling (for effluent) district 420 of a large amount of heat exchanges wherein occurs.Exemplary Figure 43 0 has described to distribute along the approximate temperature of the fluid stream of the length of heat exchanger.
With reference to figure 5, in Figure 53 0, provide the drawing of the remaining heat in the fluid leaving.Such illustrative plot is illustrated input fluid stream and is exported the Temperature Distribution that fluid flows both, and wherein exchanger heat mechanics irreversibility is illustrated by exporting the temperature increase δ T of fluid temperature (F.T.) with respect to inlet fluid temperature.Described thermodynamics irreversibility represents to be supplied to heat exchanger (for example, being fed to hot-zone) to maintain the minimum heat energy of required hot-zone temperature.The other energy of needs is overcome to parasitic heat leakage, the Axial Thermal leakage that for example ' hot-fluid ' of the arrow mark in Fig. 4 illustrates.The arrow 630 of the other heat leakage of the radial direction of sending from heat exchanger 400 (that is, outside heat flows in the vertical plane of direction with stream) in Fig. 6 illustrated.Fig. 7 describes the purposes of isolation packing 730, and barrier packaging 730 can be formed by various materials, includes but not limited to aeroge, aerosil or xenon and many other isolated materials.The amount of radial heat flows 630 is compared with those in Fig. 6 because thermal insulation layer reduces, and reduces thus and maintains the needed heat energy input of hot-zone temperature.
According to exemplary embodiment, as Fig. 8 describes, with 10 or 12 microns of PEEK films, construct the conduit wall 810 of heat exchanger and may expect.Other thickness or have relative mistake thermal conductivity other materials for example stainless steel can similarly be suitable for, this depends on required feature.Each in conduit wall can be spaced apart and be kept spaced apart by a plurality of spacers 820, spacer 820 help to maintain with by the contrary channel height of the pressure reduction between access road and exit passageway existing in Pasteurizer operating period.These spacers 820 can be the forms (as depicted) with rib or ball, and it is crushed on film 810 or otherwise attached or formation.Such spacer can be preferably in fact thermal conductivity to help the heat transfer of horizontal direction, but in stream (axial) direction, be preferably non-adjacent to minimize along the heat transfer of the axial direction of the length of heat exchanger.One preferred embodiment in, the spacer in every one deck is setovered with horizontal level from those two adjacent layers immediately.In another embodiment, it is to be closeer pattern near high input/output that spacer is configured to the pressure reduction between adjacent channel at heat exchanger, and is configured to be more sparse pattern near the pressure reduction between input channel and output channel is low hot-zone.
With reference now to Fig. 9,, describe to manufacture the method 900 of heat exchanger channel.In exemplary embodiment, aluminium foil or Copper Foil (approximately 52 micron thickness) 910 attaches to tape backing (tape backing) 920(process 930).By photoetching process and etching technique, remove material, leave the aluminium post or the copper post 940(process 950 that attach to tape backing 920).Copper post 940 and tape backing 950 are reversed and be placed between the plate 960 of hot press.Post 940 is pressed into (process 980) in PEEK sheet 970.Remove hot press plate 960 and tape backing 920, leave the PEEK sheet 970 with post 940, the heat exchanger of assembling with these stacking layers of serving as reasons provides spacing and support (process 990).
With reference now to Figure 10,, described to use the 300 micron metal sheets 1010 with recess 1015 to form the selectable method 1000(process 1020 of spacer array to be manufactured).Recess or chamber 1015 use metal ball 1030 use shake tables or additive method are filled (process 1040).PEEK film 1060 covers in metal ball 1030 and carrys out hot pressing (process 1070) with top core bar 1050.From press, remove PEEK, and ball keep to embed in PEEK (process 1080) to form heat exchanger.
In another exemplary embodiment, in Figure 11, described selectable manufacturing technology 1100, this manufacturing technology 1100 does not need to process 100 or more independent part.The first passage of extension located adjacent one another and second channel by the PEEK material 1110 of wall scroll or band by by folding of material on itself to form a pile passages by seam 1120 contacts to forming.Can also use applicable other materials and for the manufacture of other concepts of heat exchanger.
With reference now to Figure 12,, described two ends through type heat exchanger (double-ended pass through heat exchanger) 1200.Through type heat exchanger 1200 comprises makes stream pass through the passage 1210 of heater 1230 with a direction.Stream by passage 1210 stream 1220 the other way around before entering heater 1230 receives heat input.Stream by passage 1210 provides heat at the backward current 1220 that flows through heater 1230.In exemplary embodiment, fluid flows through passage 1210 and 1220 with interconnected simultaneously, and in exemplary embodiment as described above, does not form like that one back and forth.Therefore this through type heat exchanger can have and in fluid flow passages, eliminate rotating advantage.In a preferred embodiment, the mass velocity entering with a direction is controlled by precision so that the mass velocity that equals to enter in the opposite direction contrary with the mass velocity entering in the opposite direction.
In an exemplary embodiment, input channel and output channel are separated by having at the about .01 centimetre of thin-walled to the thickness in .001 cm range.Although these thickness can be expected, can use other thickness.For heat exchanger provided above, so that building heat exchanger, at least 90% mode being provided by the heater that is thermally coupled in hot-zone of heat input may expect.In an exemplary embodiment, input channel and output channel have the hydraulic diameter that is less than approximately a millimeter separately, and wherein hydraulic diameter is to be four times in the cross-sectional area of passage divided by the girth of cross section.In an exemplary embodiment, high conductance material arrangements is between heater and passage.According to exemplary embodiment, high conductance material can be copper, other metal or metal alloy or other high conductance materials.According to exemplary embodiment, sensor can be at least one feature of sensing food product.Sensor can be but be not limited to, temperature sensor, pressure sensor, flow sensor etc.
The use of sensor allows the closed loop controllability of sterilizer system.In exemplary embodiment, computer or microprocessor controller can be implemented to control temperature, heater, pump, fluid stream, valve etc.Such controller can use any in various algorithms, and adopts the hardware and software member applicatory of any type.
According to exemplary embodiment, the heating arrangement in heat exchanger comprises that the heating element heater with high conductance material is to be delivered to fluid passage by heat.Selectively, initiatively heating arrangement can directly be coupled in microchannel, rather than carrys out transferring heat with high conductance material.
In many in disclosed exemplary embodiment, consider to come food product sterilization with heat exchanger.Yet, heat exchanger structure can also for other application, include but not limited to various types of brewage application, manufacture yoghurt, zymotechnique, maintain or participate in chemical reaction or biologically etc.And in exemplary embodiment, heat exchanger can be for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique of the quick copy of DNA.
Heat exchanger expection mentioned above increases efficiency during instantaneous heating process.According to exemplary embodiment, heat exchanger can be designed as breast or water are heated to the temperature of approximately 135 degrees Celsius and hold it in this temperature, continue approximately 2 seconds, and cooling fluid then, reclaim most heats simultaneously, make to compare with conventional UHT pasteurize technique, energy input is minimum.According to exemplary embodiment, when attempting to maximize efficiency of heat exchanger, advantageously, maintain axial hot-fluid (along flow path) to minimum, maximize the heat transfer between passage simultaneously.
Aforementioned detailed description is via the various embodiments that use block diagram, flow chart and/or embodiment to illustrate device and/or technique.In the situation that such block diagram, flow chart and/or embodiment comprise one or more functions and/or operation, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that each function in such block diagram, flow chart and/or embodiment and/or operation can be individually and/or jointly by various hardware, software, firmware or in fact its any combination realize.In addition, those skilled in the art will recognize that, disclosed frame for movement is exemplary structure, and many other forms and material can be for constructing such structure.
In general sense, those skilled in the art will recognize that, various embodiment described herein can be realized by various types of Mechatronic Systems individually and/or jointly, and described Mechatronic Systems has various electric parts for example hardware, software, firmware or its any combination in fact; With the various parts that can give mechanical force or motion, for example rigid body, spring or torsion body, hydraulic means and electromagnetic actuating device or its any combination in fact.Therefore, " Mechatronic Systems " includes but not limited to as used herein, operationally with transducer (for example, actuator, motor, piezo-electric crystal etc.) circuit of coupling, the circuit with at least one discrete circuit, the circuit with at least one integrated circuit, the circuit with at least one special IC, the general-purpose calculating appts that formation is configured by computer program (for example, by the all-purpose computer of carrying out at least in part the computer program configuration of technique described herein and/or device, or the microprocessor being configured by the computer program of carrying out at least in part technique described herein and/or device) circuit, (for example form storage device, the form of random access memory) circuit, (for example form communication device, modem, communication switch or optoelectronic device) circuit and to its any non-electrical analogue, for example optics or other simulations.Those skilled in the art also will understand, the example of Mechatronic Systems includes but not limited to, various consumer electronics product systems and other system be motorization transportation system, factory automation system, security system and communicate by letter/computing system for example.Those skilled in the art will recognize that, the dynamo-electric system that is not necessarily limited to have electric drive and Mechanical Driven as used herein, except when outside context can stipulate in addition.
Those skilled in the art will recognize that, general mode implement device and/or technique and/or system to illustrate herein in this area, and with engineering and/or business practice, by the device being implemented like this and/or technique and/or the system integration, be more fully device and/or technique and/or system thereafter.That is, at least a portion of device described herein and/or technique and/or system can be integrated into via the experiment of reasonable amount other devices and/or technique and/or system.
Those skilled in the art will recognize that, parts described herein (for example, step), device and object and the discussion of following them are for notional clarity as example, and various configuration modification is in those skilled in the art's technical ability.Therefore, as used herein, illustrated instantiation and the discussion of following intention represent their more generally kind.Generally speaking, the use of any concrete sample herein is also intended to represent its kind, and do not comprise concrete like this parts (for example, step), device and object herein and should not be understood to show to need restriction.
About the use of any plural number and/or singular references substantially herein, when being suitable for context and/or application, those skilled in the art can transfer odd number to and/or transfer plural number to from odd number from plural number.For the purpose of clarity, do not illustrate especially various singular/plural displacements herein.
The different parts that are included in different miscellaneous parts or connect from different miscellaneous part illustrated sometimes in theme described herein.Should be understood that the architecture of describing is like this only exemplary, and in fact can realize identical functional many other architectures of acquisition.In concept meaning, any layout that obtains identical functional parts " is correlated with " effectively, makes to realize required functional.Therefore, herein, be combined to realize specific functional any two parts and can be regarded as each other " be correlated with ", make to realize required functional, and regardless of architecture or intermediate member.Similarly, so can also to be regarded as each other " being operably connected " or " operationally coupling " required functional to realize for relevant any two parts, and any two parts that can so be correlated with can also to be regarded as each other " being operationally coupled " required functional to realize.Operationally the concrete example of coupling include but not limited to physically can to coordinate and/or physically interactional parts and/or wireless interactive and/or wireless interactional parts and/or in logic interactional and/or interactive parts in logic.
Although illustrated and described the particular aspects of described herein theme, but will be to be apparent that for those skilled in the art, based on instruction herein, can change and revise, and do not depart from theme described herein and its wider aspect, and therefore, appended claim is intended to all such variation and modification in the true spirit at theme described herein and scope to be included within the scope of it.In addition, should be understood that the present invention is defined by appended claim.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, generally speaking, herein and especially in appended claim (for example, appended claim main body) term using in (is for example intended to " open " term conventionally, term " comprises (including) " should be interpreted as " including but not limited to ", term " has " should be interpreted as " having at least ", and term " comprises (includes) " and should be interpreted as " including but not limited to " etc.）。Those skilled in the art should also be understood that so such intention will clearly be explained in claim, and in the situation that not there is not such statement, not have such intention if the concrete quantity of the claim guiding statement is expected.For example, as contributing to, understand, below the appended claim usage that can comprise guided bone phrase " at least one " and " one or more " with guiding claim, explain.Yet, the use of such phrase should not be interpreted as hint: by indefinite article " (a) " or the statement of " one (an) " guiding claim, any specific claim that comprises directed like this claim statement is limited to and comprises an only invention for statement like this, even when same claim comprises guided bone phrase " one or more " or " at least one " and indefinite article, for example " one (a) " or " one (an) " (for example, " one (a) " and/or " one (an) " should be interpreted as meaning " at least one " or " one or more " conventionally) time, this is also applicable to be used to guide the use of the definite article of claim statement.In addition, even if the concrete quantity of the claim guiding statement is clearly narrated, but those skilled in the art will recognize that, such statement (for example should be interpreted as the quantity that means at least explained conventionally, do not have the naked statement of " two statements " of other modifiers conventionally to mean at least two statements, or two or more statements).In addition, in use, be similar in those situations of convention of " at least one in A, B and C etc. ", generally speaking, such sentence-making intention those skilled in the art will understand to look like below this convention (for example, " there is A, B and at least one system in C " by including but not limited to there is independent A, independent B, independent C, A together with B, A together with C, B together with C and/or A, the B system together with C etc.).In use, be similar in those situations of convention of " at least one in A, B or C etc. ", generally speaking, such sentence-making intention those skilled in the art will understand to look like below this convention (for example, " there is at least one the system in A, B or C " by including but not limited to there is independent A, independent B, independent C, A together with B, A together with C, B together with C and/or A, the B system together with C etc.).Those skilled in the art will also be understood that, no matter be in description, claim or figure, present the word of in fact any separation of two or more selectable terms and/or phrase and should be understood any or the possibility of two terms in of considering to comprise in term, term.For example, phrase " A or B " will be understood to include the possibility of " A " or " B " or " A and B ".
Although disclose various aspects and embodiment herein, other aspects and embodiment will be obvious for a person skilled in the art.Various aspects disclosed herein and embodiment are the objects in order to set forth and to be not intended be restrictive, and real scope and spirit are pointed out by following claim.
Claims (44)
1. a food product sterilizer, comprising:
Food product source; With
Regenerative heat exchanger, it is configured to receive the food product stream from described food product source, and described regenerative heat exchanger comprises:
Input channel, it is configured to receive the food product stream for the treatment of sterilization;
Output channel, it is fluidly coupled in described input channel, the contiguous described input channel of described output channel, described output channel and described input channel are configured to transferring heat between two passages; With
The integrated heating part of at least a portion of described input channel or described output channel, described heating part is configured to heat described food product stream, described heating part comprise electric heater and be included in described electric heater and described passage between high conductivity material
Wherein said input channel and described output channel have the hydraulic diameter that is less than approximately a millimeter separately, and described hydraulic diameter is represented as and is four times in the cross-sectional area of passage divided by the girth of cross section.
2. food product sterilizer according to claim 1, wherein said input channel and described output channel are separated by thin-walled.
3. food product sterilizer according to claim 1, wherein said input channel and described output channel are separated by thin-walled, and described thin-walled has the thickness that is less than .01 centimetre.
4. food product sterilizer according to claim 1, wherein said input channel and described output channel are separated by thin-walled, and described thin-walled has the thickness that is less than .002 centimetre.
5. food product sterilizer according to claim 1, wherein said input channel and described output channel are shared wall.
6. food product sterilizer according to claim 1, wherein said input channel and described output channel are shared wall, and in row, have multipair input channel and output channel, every a pair of and contiguous to sharing wall.
7. food product sterilizer according to claim 1, wherein said sterilizer reclaim food product peak value heat energy at least 90%.
8. food product sterilizer according to claim 1, wherein said input channel and described output channel are shared wall, described input channel and described output channel be isolated at least in part layer around.
9. food product sterilizer according to claim 1, wherein said hydraulic diameter is less than approximately 100 microns.
10. food product sterilizer according to claim 1, wherein said input channel and described output channel are formed by PAEK (PEEK) at least in part.
11. food product sterilizers according to claim 1, wherein said high conductivity material comprises copper.
12. food product sterilizers according to claim 1, wherein said food product comprises with lower at least one: fruit juice, applejack, honey, maple syrup, breast, soy sauce, sports drink, vinegar, water, grape wine, beer, cream and cheese.
13. food product sterilizers according to claim 1, also comprise the pump being configured to described food product pressurization.
14. food product sterilizers according to claim 1, also comprise the filter that is configured to filter described food product.
15. food product sterilizers according to claim 1, also comprise the sensor that is configured at least one characteristic of food product described in sensing.
16. food product sterilizers according to claim 1, also comprise the sensor that is configured at least one characteristic of food product described in sensing, and wherein said sensor is temperature sensor.
17. food product sterilizers according to claim 1, also comprise the sensor that is configured at least one characteristic of food product described in sensing, and wherein said sensor comprises pressure sensor.
18. food product sterilizers according to claim 1, also comprise the sensor that is configured at least one characteristic of food product described in sensing, and wherein said sensor comprises flow sensor.
19. food product sterilizers according to claim 1, wherein said input channel and described output channel are microchannels.
20. food product sterilizers according to claim 1, wherein said input channel and described output channel are configured to have the aspect ratio that promotes laminar flow.
21. food product sterilizers according to claim 1, wherein said input channel and described output channel are configured to impel liquid to flow in described passage to be less than 2000 Reynolds number.
22. food product sterilizers according to claim 1, wherein said input channel and described output channel are configured to impel liquid to flow in the described passage of boundary layer thickness with a half thickness that is greater than described passage.
23. food product sterilizers according to claim 1, also comprise isolation layer, and described isolation layer is at least in part by described input channel, described output channel and the isolation of described heating part.
24. food product sterilizers according to claim 1, wherein said heat exchanger comprises multipair input channel and output channel.
25. food product sterilizers according to claim 1, wherein input channel is close to a plurality of output channels and is received heats from described a plurality of output channels.
26. food product sterilizers according to claim 1, wherein output channel is close to a plurality of input channels and heat is passed to described a plurality of input channel.
27. food product sterilizers according to claim 1, wherein said input channel and described output channel have tabular layout separately, and the width of wherein said passage is more much bigger than the thickness of described passage.
28. food product sterilizers according to claim 1, wherein have a plurality of input channels and a plurality of output channel, and described input channel and described output channel are with left-to-right relation alternately.
29. food product sterilizers according to claim 1, are also included in the support component at least one in described input channel and described output channel.
30. food product sterilizers according to claim 1, wherein have a plurality of input channels and a plurality of output channel, and described input channel and described output channel form the array of contiguous pipe.
31. food product sterilizers according to claim 1, wherein have a plurality of input channels and a plurality of output channel, and described input channel and described output channel form the graticule mesh of contiguous passage.
32. food product sterilizers according to claim 1, wherein have a plurality of input channels or a plurality of output channel, and at least one group of input channel or at least one group of output channel interconnect.
33. food product sterilizers according to claim 1, be also included in described access road at least part of and described output channel at least partly between backflow part.
34. food product sterilizers according to claim 1, be also included in described access road at least part of and described output channel at least partly between backflow part, and described backflows part is close to described heating part.
35. food product sterilizers according to claim 1, the stream of wherein said input channel is with the contrary direction of the stream with described output channel.
36. food product sterilizers according to claim 1, wherein said input channel and described output channel have variable lateral cross, but the summation of the cross-sectional area of the lateral cross of the vicinity of described input channel and described output channel is constant.
37. food product sterilizers according to claim 1, wherein said input channel and described output channel do not comprise backflow part.
38. food product sterilizers according to claim 1, wherein said food product is liquid.
39. 1 kinds of liquid sterilization systems, comprising:
Input channel, it is configured to receive the stream of the liquid to predetermined sterilization temperature to be heated;
Output channel, it is fluidly coupled in described input channel, the contiguous described input channel of described output channel, described output channel and described input channel are configured to transferring heat between two passages; With
The integrated heating part of at least a portion of described input channel or described output channel, described heating part is configured to described liquid stream to be heated to described predetermined sterilization temperature, continue the scheduled time, described heating part comprise electric heater and be included in described electric heater and described passage between high conductivity material
Wherein said input channel and described output channel have the hydraulic diameter that is less than approximately a millimeter separately, and described hydraulic diameter is represented as and is four times in the cross-sectional area of passage divided by the girth of cross section.
40. 1 kinds of food product heaters, comprising:
Input channel, it is configured to receive the stream of the food product to predetermined temperature to be heated;
Output channel, it is fluidly coupled in described input channel, the contiguous described input channel of described output channel, described output channel and described input channel are configured to transferring heat between two passages; With
The integrated heating part of at least a portion of described input channel or described output channel, described heating part is configured to described food product stream to be heated to described predetermined temperature, continue the scheduled time, described heating part comprise electric heater and be included in described electric heater and described passage between high conductivity material
Wherein said input channel and described output channel have the hydraulic diameter that is less than approximately a millimeter separately, and described hydraulic diameter is represented as and is four times in the cross-sectional area of passage divided by the girth of cross section.
41. 1 kinds of liquid heaters, comprising:
Input channel, it is configured to receive liquid stream to be heated;
Output channel, it is fluidly coupled in described input channel, the contiguous described input channel of described output channel, described output channel and described input channel are configured to transferring heat between two passages; With
The integrated heating part of at least a portion of described input channel or described output channel, described heating part is configured to heat described liquid stream, described heating part comprise electric heater and be included in described electric heater and described passage between high conductivity material
Wherein said input channel and described output channel are microchannels, have separately the hydraulic diameter that is less than approximately a millimeter, and described hydraulic diameter is represented as and is four times in the cross-sectional area of passage divided by the girth of cross section.
42. according to the liquid heater described in claim 41, and wherein said liquid heater is sterilizer.
43. 1 kinds of liquid heaters, comprising:
Input channel, it is configured to receive liquid stream to be heated;
Output channel, it is fluidly coupled in described input channel, the contiguous described input channel of described output channel, described output channel and described input channel are configured to transferring heat between two passages; With
The integrated heating part of at least a portion of described input channel or described output channel, described heating part is configured to heat described liquid stream, described heating part comprise electric heater and be included in described electric heater and described passage between high conductivity material
Wherein said input channel and described output channel are arranged so that described liquid stream is laminar flow substantially, described input channel and described output channel have the hydraulic diameter that is less than approximately a millimeter separately, and described hydraulic diameter is represented as and is four times in the cross-sectional area of passage divided by the girth of cross section.
44. according to the liquid heater described in claim 43, and wherein said liquid heater is sterilizer.
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US12/462,200 | 2009-07-29 | ||
| US12/462,213 US9599407B2 (en) | 2009-07-29 | 2009-07-29 | System and structure for heating or sterilizing a liquid stream |
| US12/462,213 | 2009-07-29 | ||
| US12/462,206 | 2009-07-29 | ||
| US12/462,206 US9930898B2 (en) | 2009-07-29 | 2009-07-29 | Pasteurization system and method |
| US12/462,200 US8425965B2 (en) | 2009-07-29 | 2009-07-29 | Method for heating or sterilizing a liquid stream |
| PCT/US2010/002125 WO2011014253A1 (en) | 2009-07-29 | 2010-07-28 | A system and structure for heating or sterilizing a liquid stream |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN102686117A CN102686117A (en) | 2012-09-19 |
| CN102686117B true CN102686117B (en) | 2014-08-27 |
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| CN (1) | CN102686117B (en) |
| IN (1) | IN2012DN01683A (en) |
| WO (2) | WO2011014253A1 (en) |
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| CN107787188A (en) * | 2015-04-24 | 2018-03-09 | 毫秒技术公司 | Microorganism is killed by pressure drop and heating |
| EP4189317A1 (en) * | 2020-07-27 | 2023-06-07 | Repligen Corporation | High-temperature short-time treatment device, system, and method |
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| CN2661189Y (en) * | 2003-09-26 | 2004-12-08 | 法利科技实业股份有限公司 | Fluid sterilization piping installation |
| CN1889256A (en) * | 2006-07-16 | 2007-01-03 | 重庆工学院 | LED micro liquid cooling system |
| US7172735B1 (en) * | 1999-12-08 | 2007-02-06 | Institut Fur Mikrotechnik Mainz Gmbh | Modular microreaction system |
| US7186430B2 (en) * | 2003-11-20 | 2007-03-06 | Feldmeier Equipment, Inc. | UHT pasteurizer with regeneration |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19912541C1 (en) * | 1999-03-19 | 2000-10-26 | Karlsruhe Forschzent | Process for killing harmful microorganisms in liquids by briefly heating them up |
| US6732785B2 (en) * | 2002-09-20 | 2004-05-11 | Matthew P. Mitchell | Tab joint in etched foil regenerator |
| US7422910B2 (en) * | 2003-10-27 | 2008-09-09 | Velocys | Manifold designs, and flow control in multichannel microchannel devices |
| US7363769B2 (en) * | 2005-03-09 | 2008-04-29 | Kelix Heat Transfer Systems, Llc | Electromagnetic signal transmission/reception tower and accompanying base station employing system of coaxial-flow heat exchanging structures installed in well bores to thermally control the environment housing electronic equipment within the base station |
| US20080277095A1 (en) * | 2007-05-07 | 2008-11-13 | Kelvin Zhai | Heat exchanger assembly |
-
2010
- 2010-07-28 IN IN1683DEN2012 patent/IN2012DN01683A/en unknown
- 2010-07-28 CN CN201080043054.6A patent/CN102686117B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-07-28 WO PCT/US2010/002125 patent/WO2011014253A1/en active Application Filing
- 2010-07-28 WO PCT/US2010/002123 patent/WO2011016846A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7172735B1 (en) * | 1999-12-08 | 2007-02-06 | Institut Fur Mikrotechnik Mainz Gmbh | Modular microreaction system |
| CN2661189Y (en) * | 2003-09-26 | 2004-12-08 | 法利科技实业股份有限公司 | Fluid sterilization piping installation |
| US7186430B2 (en) * | 2003-11-20 | 2007-03-06 | Feldmeier Equipment, Inc. | UHT pasteurizer with regeneration |
| CN1889256A (en) * | 2006-07-16 | 2007-01-03 | 重庆工学院 | LED micro liquid cooling system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2011014253A1 (en) | 2011-02-03 |
| WO2011016846A1 (en) | 2011-02-10 |
| IN2012DN01683A (en) | 2015-06-05 |
| CN102686117A (en) | 2012-09-19 |
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